File 1/1 By: United States Pentagon, Obtained from NEBBS military board "Weapons of the United States Military" 5 INCH-54 CALIBER LIGHTWEIGHT GUN ******* SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: The 54 caliber (Mk 45) lightweight gun provides surface combatants accurate naval gunfire against fast, highly maneuverable surface targets, air threats and shore targets during amphibious operations. BACKGROUND: This lightweight gun system offers significant improvements in reliability and maintainability over the 54-caliber Mk 42 gun systems. The Mk 45 is controlled by either the Mk 86 Gun Fire Control System or the Mk 160 Gun Computing System. Deliveries began in 1971 and will continue through the 1990's for CG 47 and the DDG 51 classes. POINT OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office, Naval Sea Systems Command (OOD); Washington, DC 20360; (202) 692-6920 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Fully-automatic, lightweight gun mount. Range: 13 nautical miles (14.9 statue miles) Type of Fire: 16-20 rounds per minute automatic Magazine Capacity: 475-500 rounds per magazine. Caliber: 5 inch (12.7 cm) Date Deployed: 1971 (Mark 45) (MGS) ******* SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: The MK-38 is a 25-mm (one inch diameter) heavy machine gun, effective to 2,700 yards (2,457 meters). BACKGROUND: The MK 38 MGS was employed aboard various combatant and auxiliary ships in the Mid-East Force escort operations and during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. The weapons are maintained in a rotatable pool, available for temporary installation on various deploying ships and permanent installation on certain amphibious and auxiliary ships, patrol craft and Coast Guard cutters. POINT OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office, Naval Sea Systems Command (OOD); Washington, DC 20360; (202) 692-6920 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Single barrel, air cooled, semi- and full-automatic, manually trained and elevated machine gun system Contractor: Designed and assembled by Crane Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center; components procured from various contractors Range: 2700 yards (2,457 meters) Guidance System: Unstabilized, manually trained and elevated Type of Fire: Single shot; 175 rounds per minute automatic Caliber: 25 mm (1 inch) Date Deployed: 1986 SYSTEM ****** SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: A lightweight, rapid-fire three-inch gun mounted on small combat vessels. BACKGROUND: Because of performance, lightweight and low manning requirements, the MK 75 is suited for installation on small combat vessels. Current usage includes one gun mount each for some Navy frigates and hydrofoils, and for one gun mount each for the larger Coast Guard cutters. The Mark 75 was provisionally approved for service use in September 1975. The Naval Systems Division (NSD) of FMC Corporation and General Electric Co. (Ordnance Systems Division) were both licensed by the gun's designer, OTO Melara of La Spezia, Italy, and competed for the right to manufacture the MK-75 in the United States. In 1975, FMC/NSD won the competition. Since 1981, however, all MK 75 buys have been competed for by FMC/NSD and OTO Melara. The first United States produced gun mount was delivered in August 1978. POINT OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office, Naval Sea Systems Command (OOD); Washington, DC 20360; (202) 692-6920 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Single barrel, lightweight, water-cooled, rapid fire, remote controlled, dual purpose automatic enclosed naval gun Contractor: Designed by OTO Melara, Italy Manufactured by FMC Naval Systems Division and OTO Melara Range: 10 nautical miles (11.5 statue miles, 18.4 km) Guidance System: Remotely controlled Type of Fire: 80 rounds per minute automatic Caliber: 76 mm (3 inch) Date Deployed: 1977 (USS Oliver Hazard Perry) ***** SERVICE: All DESCRIPTION: The M-9 is a 9mm double-action semi- automatic pistol, with a 15-shot magazine. FEATURES: Designed to replace the M-1911A1 .45 caliber pistol and the .38 caliber revolver in the military inventory, the M-9 Beretta pistol is carried by service members who do not carry rifles, such as law enforcement personnel, tankers, and aviators. It can be fired effectively by right-handed or left- handed shooters. BACKGROUND: The adoption of the M-9 pistol was the result of a congressional mandate to equip all U.S. services with a standard handgun. Beretta USA has a contract to produce 315,930 weapons. As of January 1992, 262,932 M-9 pistols had been delivered. POINTS OF CONTACT: Navy: Office of Navy Information (703) 697-5320 Marine Corps: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Division of Public Affairs, (703) 614-1492 Army: Army Public Affairs (703) 697-7589 Air Force: Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs/Media Relations (703) 695-0640 Coast Guard: Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Attn: G-CP (202) 267-1933 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Personal protection Contractor: Beretta USA, Accokeek, Md. Caliber: 9mm Weight (loaded): 2.16 lbs (1.17 kg) Length: 8.5 inches (21.6 cm) Ammunition: NATO standard 9mm ball Ammunition feed: Magazine Maximum effective range: 50 meters (165 feet) Magazine capacity: 15 rounds CLOSE-IN WEAPONS SYSTEM ******* SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: Fast-reaction, rapid-fire 20-millimeter gun system. FEATURES: Phalanx provides US Navy ships with a terminal defense against anti-ship missiles that have penetrated other fleet defenses. Designed to engage anti-ship cruise missiles and fixed-wing aircraft at short range, Phalanx automatically engages functions usually performed by separate, independent systems such as search, detection, threat evaluation, acquisition, track, firing, target destruction, kill assessment and cease fire. BACKGROUND: The Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS) underwent operational tests and evaluation onboard the USS Bigelow in 1977, and exceeded maintenance and reliability specifications. PHALANX production started in 1978 with orders for 23 USN and 14 Foreign Military Sales (FMS) systems. As of November 1992 more than 750 systems have been manufactured. The upgrade program includes these improvements. FY86: increased elevation coverage and magazine capacity; FY88: increased search sensitivity and rate of fire; FY90: increased reliability. POINT OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office, Naval Sea Systems Command (OOD); Washington, DC 20360; (202) 602-6920 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Anti-ship missile defense Contractor: Hughes Missile Systems Company (formerly General Dynamics' Pomona Division, sold to Hughes in 1992) Weight: 12,500 pounds (5,625 kg) Later models: 13,600 pounds (6,120 kg) Range: Classified Gun Type: M-61A1 Gatling Type of Fire: 3,000 rounds per minute Later models: 4,500 rounds/min (starting 1988 production, Pneumatic Gun Drive) Magazine Capacity: 989 rounds Later models: 1,550 rounds Caliber: 20mm Ammunition: Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS), Depleted Uranium sub-caliber penetrator. Penetrator changed to Tungsten 1988. Sensors: Self-contained search and track radar Date Deployed: 1980 (aboard USS Coral Sea) Later models: 1988 (aboard USS Wisconsin) ********* SERVICES: Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard DESCRIPTION: The AGM-84D Harpoon is an all-weather, over-the-horizon, anti-ship missile system. FEATURES: The Harpoon's active radar guidance, warhead design, and low-level, sea- skimming cruise trajectory assure high survivability and effectiveness. The missile is capable of being launched from surface ships, submarines, or (without the booster) from aircraft. The AGM-84D has been adapted for use on B- 52G bombers, which can carry from eight to 12 of the missiles. INVENTORY: Classified BACKGROUND: Originally developed for the Navy to serve as its basic anti-ship missile for fleetwide use, the AGM-84D also has been adapted for use on the Air Force's B-52G bombers. The AGM-84D was first introduced in 1977, and on the Navy's P-3 aircraft in 1979. The 42nd Bombardment Wing, Loring Air Force Base, Maine, was first Air Force unit tasked to perform the AGM-84D mission in 1985. The wing refined tactics and doctrine to merge the long-range, heavy- payload capability of the B-52 with the proven reliability of this superior stand-off attack weapon. This combines to provide the war-fighting capability to interdict ships at ranges well beyond those of other aircraft. POINTS OF CONTACT: Navy: Public Affairs Office, Naval Sea Systems Command (00D), Washington, D.C. 20362, (202) 692-6920; Air Force: Air Combat Command, Public Affairs Office, 90 Oak Street, Langley AFB, VA 23665-2191, (804) 764-5007; Coast Guard: U.S. Coast Guard, Commandant G-CP, Public Affairs, (202) 267-1933. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Air, surface, or submarine launched anti-surface (anti-ship) cruise missile. Contractor: McDonnell Douglas Power Plant: Teledyne Turbojet and solid propellant booster for surface and submarine launch. Thrust: 660 pounds (approximately 594 kilograms) Length: 12 feet, 7 inches (3.79 meters) -- air launched; 15 feet (4.55 meters) -- surface and submarine launched. Weight: 1,145 pounds (515.25 kilograms) -- air launched; 1,470 pounds (661.5 kilograms) -- submarine or ship launched from box or canister launcher. Diameter: 13.5 inches (34.29 centimeters) Wing Span: 3 feet (91.44 centimeters) with booster fins and wings. Range: Over-the-horizon, in excess of 60 nautical miles. Speed: High Subsonic Guidance: Sea-skimming cruise monitored by radar altimeter, active radar terminal homing. Warhead: Penetration high-explosive blast (488 pounds/224 kilograms) Unit Cost: $720,000 Date Deployed: 1985 ******** SERVICES: All FEATURES: The M-16A2 is a lightweight 5.56mm (approx .22 caliber) rifle with a 30-shot magazine. The weapon was designed for either automatic (three-round bursts) or semiautomatic (single shot) fire. The bottom of the trigger guard opens to provide access to the trigger when the shooter is wearing gloves or mittens. A compensator helps keep the muzzle down during firing. BACKGROUND: The M-16A2 is a product improvement of the M-16A1 rifle, with these features: a heavier, stiffer barrel that can fire a NATO standard 5.56mm cartridge; a muzzle compensator that curbs "riding up" of the barrel; a burst control that limits the number of rounds fired in automatic mode to three per trigger pull; an improved rear sight; a new buttstock and pistol grip made of a tougher plastic; a redesigned handguard that provides a better grip; and a modified upper receiver, designed to prevent an ejected cartridge from hitting the face of a lefthanded shooter. INVENTORY: The Army was issued the M-16A2 in 1987, and has more than 380,000 M-16A2s with an objective to procure 620,000. Of these, 130,000 will be modified M-16A1s. The Air Force has more than 200,000 M-16A2 rifles. POINTS OF CONTACT: Navy: Office of Navy Information (703) 697-5320 Marine Corps: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Division of Public Affairs, (703) 614-1492 Army: Army Public Affairs (703) 697-7589 Air Force: Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs/Media Relations (703) 695-0640 Coast Guard: Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Attn: G-CP (202) 267-1933 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Combat Rifle Contractors: FN Mfg., Columbia, SC; Colt Mfg. Co., Hartford, Conn. Unit Cost: $420 Caliber: 5.56mm Weight: 8.8 lbs (3.99 kg) Range: 1,800 feet (550 meters) Magazine capacity: 30 rounds ********* SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: Long-range air-to-air missile, carried in clusters of up to six missiles on the F-14. BACKGROUND: The Phoenix missile is the Navy's only long- range air-to-air missile. It is an airborne weapons control system with multiple-target handling capabilities, used to kill multiple air targets with conventional warheads. Near simultaneous launch is possible against up to six targets in all weather and heavy jamming environments. The improved Phoenix, the AIM-54C, can better counter projected threats from tactical aircraft and cruise missiles. POINT OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office; Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 07D2); Washington, DC 20361-0701; (703)746-3791 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Long-range air-launched air intercept missile Contractor: Hughes Aircraft Co. and Raytheon Co. Unit Cost: $477,131 Power Plant: Solid propellant rocket motor built by Hercules Length: 13 feet (3.9 meters) Weight: 1,024 pounds (460.8 kg) Diameter: 15 inches (38.1 cm) Wing Span: 3 feet (.9 meters) Range: In excess of 100 nautical miles (115 statute miles, 184 km) Speed: In excess of 3,000 mph (4,800 kmph) Guidance System: Semi-active and active radar homing Warheads: Proximity fuse, high explosive Warhead Weight: 135 pounds (60.75 kg) Date Deployed: 1974 ******** SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: Long range, subsonic cruise missile, conventionally armed for anti-surface warfare, and conventionally and nuclear armed for land attack versions. BACKGROUND: Tomahawk is an all-weather submarine or ship-launched anti-ship or land-attack cruise missile. After launch, a solid propellant propels the missile until a small turbofan engine takes over for the cruise portion of flight. Tomahawk is a highly survivable weapon. Radar detection is difficult because of the missile's small cross-section, low altitude flight. Similarly, infrared detection is difficult because the turbofan engine emits little heat. The anti-ship variant of Tomahawk uses a combined active radar seeker and passive system to seek out, engage and destroy a hostile ship at a long range. Upgrades include: a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver; an upgrade of the Digital Scene Matching Area Correlation (DSMAC) system; and increases in range, Time of Arrival (TOA) control, and improved 402 turbo engines. The Block III variant will provide a significant increase in range and greater accuracy tot he Tomahawk cruise missile family. The Block III variant is scheduled for FY 93. FEATURES: The land attack version of Tomahawk has inertial and terrain contour matching (TERCOM) guidance. TERCOM uses a stored map reference to compare with the actual terrain to determine the missile's position. If necessary, a course correction is then made to place the missile on course to the target. The anti-ship version has a modified Harpoon cruise missile guidance system. This permits Tomahawk to be launched and fly at low altitudes in the general direction of an enemy warship to avoid radar detection. At a programmed distance, the missile begins an active radar search to seek out, acquire and hit the target ship. POINTS OF CONTACT: DOD Public Affairs Office; Program Executive Office for the Cruise Missile Project and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Joint Project; Washington, DC 20361-1014; (202) 692-0565 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Long-range subsonic cruise missile for anti-surface (anti-ship) warfare and conventional or nuclear land attack Contractors: General Dynamics, Convair Division; McDonnell Douglas Unit Cost: $1.1 to 1.2 million Power Plant: Williams International F107-W-R-400 cruise turbo-fan engine; solid-fuel booster Length: 18 feet 3 inches (5.56 meters); with booster: 20 feet 6 inches (6.25 meters) Weight: 2,650 pounds (1192.5 kg); 3,200 pounds (1440 kg) with booster Diameter: 20.4 inches (51.81 cm) Wing Span: 8 feet 9 inches (2.67 meters) Range: Land attack, nuclear warhead: 1,350 nautical miles (1552.5 statute miles, 2482 km) Land attack, conventional warhead: 600 nautical miles (690 statute miles, 1104 km) Anti-ship configuration: over 250 nautical miles (287.5 statute miles, 460 km) Speed: Subsonic - about 550 mph (880 km/h) Guidance System: Active Radar Homing (anti-ship); Inertial and TERCOM (land attack) Warheads: Conventional: 1,000 pounds bullpup or conventional submunitions dispenser with combined effect bomblets Nuclear: W-80 warhead Date Deployed: 1983 ******** SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: Surface-launched missile FEATURES: The Aegis missile can defeat a wide range of targets from wave top to directly overhead. It is effective against anti-ship cruise missiles and manned aircraft in all environmental conditions. It has all-weather capability and outstanding abilities in chaff and jamming environments. BACKGROUND: Modern anti-ship missiles can be launched several hundred miles away in coordinated attacks, combining air, surface and subsurface launches, so that the missiles arrive on target almost simultaneously. The Navy defends against this threat with a number of different systems. In a carrier battle group, fighter aircraft provide the outer layer of defense; Aegis coordinates and protects the inner layer. In the late 1960s, the Navy developed an Advanced Surface Missile System (ASMS). ASMS was renamed Aegis (after the mythological shield of Zeus) in December 1969. The Navy's Aegis system provides area defense for the battle group as well as a clear air picture for more effective deployment of air assets. Aegis enables fighter aircraft to concentrate more on the outer air battle while cruisers and destroyers assume a greater responsibility for the battle group area defense. Twenty-five percent of the Tomahawk missiles fired into Iraq came from Aegis cruisers. FEATURES: The Aegis system was designed as a total weapon system, from detection to kill. The heart of the system is an advanced, automatic detect and track, multi-function phased-array radar, the AN/SPY-1. This high powered (four megawatt) radar is able to perform search, track and missile guidance functions simultaneously with a track capacity of over 100 targets. The first Engineering Development Model (EDM-1) was installed in the test ship, USS Norton Sound (AVM 1) in 1973. The computer-based command and decision element is the core of the Aegis combat system. This interface makes the Aegis combat system capable of simultaneous operation against a multi- mission threat: anti-air, anti-surface and anti- submarine warfare. The Navy built the first Aegis cruisers using the hull and machinery designs of Spruance class destroyers. The commissioning of USS Bunker Hill (CG 52) opened a new era in surface warfare as the first Aegis ship outfitted with the Vertical Launching System (VLS), allowing greater missile selection, firepower and survivability. The improved AN/SPY-1B radar went to sea in USS Princeton (CG 59), ushering in another advance in Aegis capabilities. USS Chosin (CG 65) introduced the AN/UYK-43/44 computers, which provide increased processing capabilities. The 27th and final CG 47 class cruiser will be commissioned in 1994. In 1980, a smaller ship was designed using an improved sea-keeping hull form, reduced infra-red and radar cross section and upgrades to the Aegis Weapon System. The first ship of the DDG 51 class, Arleigh Burke, was commissioned on the Fourth of July, 1991. Twenty-six DDG 51 class destroyers have been appropriated through fiscal year 1993. Twenty-two destroyers are currently in various stages of construction and contracts for the four ships appropriated in fiscal year 1993 will be awarded in early 1993. Forty-nine destroyers are planned. The DDG 51 class was named after a living person, the legendary Adm. Arleigh Burke, the most famous destroyerman of World War II. The second destroyer, Barry (DDG 52), was commissioned on Dec. 12, 1992. The next destroyer, John Paul Jones (DDG 53) will be commissioned in December 1993. DDG 51s are constructed in flights, allowing technological advances during construction. Flight II, introduced in FY 1992, incorporates improvements to the SPY radar and the Standard missile, active electronic countermeasures and communications. Flight IIA, to be introduced in fiscal year 1994, will add a helicopter hangar with one anti-submarine helicopter and one armed attack helicopter. The Aegis program has also projected reducing the cost of each Flight IIA ship by at least $30 million. POINT OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office; Naval Sea Systems Command (OOD); Washington, DC 20362; (703) 692-6920 ********* SERVICES: Air Force and Navy DESCRIPTION: The AGM-88 High-Speed Anti-radiation Missile (HARM) is an air-to-surface tactical missile designed to seek out and destroy enemy radar-equipped air defense systems. FEATURES: The AGM-88 can detect, attack and destroy a target with minimum aircrew input. The proportional guidance system that homes in on enemy radar emissions has a fixed antenna and seeker head in the missile's nose. A smokeless, solid-propellant, dual-thrust rocket motor propels the missile. The Air Force has equipped the F-4G Wild Weasel with the AGM-88 to increase the F-4G's lethality in electronic combat. The missile works in conjunction with the radar attack and warning system on the F-4G Wild Weasel. The AGM-88 can also be employed on the F-16C. BACKGROUND: The HARM missile was approved for full production in March 1983. It is operationally deployed throughout the Air Force and in full production as a joint U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy project. The missile proved effective against Libyan targets in the Gulf of Sidra in 1986, and was used extensively by both services in Operation Desert Storm in 1991. POINTS OF CONTACT: Air Force: Air Combat Command, Public Affairs Office, 90 Oak Street, Langley AFB, VA 23665-2191, (804) 764-5007; Navy: Public Affairs Office, Naval Air Systems Command (AIR-07D2), Washington, DC 20361-0701, (703) 746-3791 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Air-to-surface anti-radiation missile; attack and destroy hostile radar installations. Contractor: Texas Instruments Power Plant: Thiokol dual-thrust, solid propellent, rocket motor Length: 13 feet, 8 inches (4.1 meters) Launch Weight: 800 pounds (360 kilograms) Diameter: 10 inches (25.4 centimeters) Wing Span: 3 feet, 8 inches (1.1 meters) Range: 80+ miles (57+ nautical miles/91+ km) Speed: 760+ mph (1,216 kmph) Guidance: Proportional/radar homing Warhead: Blast fragmentation; warhead weight 146 pounds (65 kg) Unit Cost: $284,000 Date Deployed: 1985 ********* SERVICES: Air Force and Navy DESCRIPTION: An air-to-surface laser-guided missile FEATURES: The AGM-65 Maverick is a tactical, air-to- surface guided missile designed for close air support, interdiction, and defense suppression. It is effective against a wide range of tactical targets, including armor, air defenses, ships, ground transportation and fuel storage facilities. The AGM-65E (infrared targeting) version of the Maverick is being adopted for use from Marine Corps aircraft. The Navy uses the F model, with a larger improved warhead, and infrared guidance system optimized for ship tracking. The AGM-65 has two types of warheads, one with a contact fuse in the nose, the other, a heavyweight warhead with a delayed fuse, which penetrates the target with its kinetic energy before firing. The latter is very effective against large, hard targets. The propulsion system for both types is a solid- rocket motor behind the warhead. Since as many as six Mavericks can be carried by an aircraft, usually in three-round underwing clusters, the pilot can engage several targets on one mission. The missile also has "launch-and-leave" capability that enables a pilot to fire it and take immediate evasive action or attack another target as the missile guides itself to the first target. The AGM-65 can be launched from high altitudes or tree-top level and can hit targets from a few thousand feet to many miles. An electro-optical television guidance system projects the target scene on a cockpit television screen. The pilot selects the target, locks on and fires the missile. Later models feature a heat-tracking guidance system that also projects the target scene on a cockpit video screen, allowing it to operate at night or in bad weather. BACKGROUND: The Air Force accepted the first AGM-65A in August 1972 and has purchased a total of 25,750 A and B models. The Air Force took delivery of the first D models in October 1983, and G models in 1989. AGM-65 missiles were employed by F-16s and A-10s in 1991 to attack armored targets in the Persian Gulf area during Operation Desert Storm. Mavericks played a large part in the destruction of Iraq's significant military force. POINTS OF CONTACT: Air Force: Air Combat Command, Public Affairs Office, 90 Oak Street, Langley AFB, VA 23665-2191, (804) 764-5007; Marine Corps: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Division of Public Affairs, Washington, DC 20380-1775; (703) 614- 1492 Navy: Public Affairs Office, Naval Air Systems Command (AIR-07D), Washington, DC 20361-0701, (703) 746-3785 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Air-to-surface guided missile Contractor: Hughes Aircraft Co; Raytheon Co. Power Plant: Thiokol TX-481 two-stage solid-propellant rocket motor Launch Weight: From 462 pounds (207.90 kg) to 670 pounds (301.50 kg) depending upon model and warhead weight Diameter: One foot (30.48 centimeters) Wing Span: 2 feet, 4 inches (71.12 centimeters) Range: 85,000 feet maximum Speed: Classified Air Force Aircraft: A-7, A-10, F-4, F-15E, F-16 and F-111 Navy/USMC aircraft: F-18, A-4, A-6, A-18 and AV-8B Guidance System: Electro-optical television in A and B models; infrared imaging, D and G models; laser-guided in E models; infrared-homing in F models Warheads: Contact fuse, 300 pounds (135 kg); delayed -fuse penetrator, heavyweight, 300 pounds (135 kg) Unit cost: $22,387 First Deployed: August 1972 ********** SERVICES: Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps DESCRIPTION: The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range, air-to-air missile carried by fighter aircraft. FEATURES: The Sidewinder has a high-explosive warhead and an infrared heat-seeking guidance system. Its main components are an infrared homing guidance section, an active optical target detector, a high- explosive warhead and a rocket motor. The guidance section enables the missile to home in on the engine exhaust of target aircraft. An infrared unit costs less than other types of guidance systems and can be used day or night in all weather conditions. The infrared seeker also permits the pilot to launch the missile then leave the area or take evasive action while the missile guides itself to the target. BACKGROUND: A prototype of the Sidewinder, the AIM-9A, was first fired successfully in September 1953. The initial production version, designated AIM-9B, entered the Air Force inventory in 1956 and has been improved upon steadily since. The L model was the first Sidewinder with the ability to attack from all angles, including head-on. The AIM-9M, currently the only one operational, has the all-aspect capability of the L model while providing all-around higher performance. The M model has improved defense against infrared countermeasures, enhanced background discrimination capability, and a reduced- smoke rocket motor. These modifications increase its ability to locate and lock on a target and decrease the missile's chances for detection. Deliveries began in 1983. The AIM-9M-7 was a specific modification to AIM-9M in response to threats expected in the Persian Gulf war zone. The AIM-9M and AIM-9X are future variants presently under development. The Sidewinder is the most widely used air- to-air missile in the West, with more than 110,000 missiles produced for 27 nations excluding the United States. The AIM-9 is one of the oldest, least expensive and most successful missiles in the entire U.S. weapons inventory. POINTS OF CONTACT: Air Force: Air Combat Command, Public Affairs Office, 90 Oak Street, Langley AFB, VA 23665-2191; (804)764-5007 Navy: Public Affairs Office; Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 07D2); Washington, DC 20361-0701; (703)746-3791 Marine Corps: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Public Affairs Division, Washington, DC 20380-1775; (703)614-1492 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Primary Function: Air-to-air missile Contractor: Raytheon Co.; Ford Aerospace and Communications Corp.; Loral Power Plant: Thiokol Hercules and Bermite MK 36 Mod 11; single-stage, solid-propellant rocket motor Length: 9 feet 6 inches (2.89 meters) Diameter: 5 inches (.13 meters) Fin Span: 2 feet 1 inch (0.63 meters) Speed: Supersonic Warhead: Blast fragmentation (conventional) weighing 20.8 pounds (9.36 kg) Launch Weight: 190 pounds (85.5 kg) Range: 10+ miles (8.7 nautical , 16 km) Guidance System: Solid-state infrared homing system Unit Cost: $41,300 Date Deployed: 1956 Aircraft Platforms: Air Force: F-4, F-15, F-16, F-111, A-7 and A-10; Navy: All fighters and attack aircraft; Marine Corps: F/A-18, F-4, A-4, A-6, OV-10 and AH-1 ******** SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: Surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missile, mounted on surface ships. BACKGROUND: The Standard Missile is produced in two major types, the SM-1 MR/SM-2 (medium range) and the SM-2 (extended range). It is one of the most reliable in the Navy's inventory. Used against missiles, aircraft and ships, it first came into the fleet more than a decade ago. It replaces Terrier and Tartar missiles and is part of the weapons suit of more than 100 Navy ships. The SM-2 (MR) is a medium range defense weapon for Ticonderoga-class AEGIS cruisers, Arleigh Burke-class AEGIS destroyers, California and Virginia-class nuclear cruisers and Kidd-class destroyers with NTU conversions. The nuclear- powered cruisers USS Bainbridge, USS Truxton, and USS Long Beach also use the SM-2 MR. Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates use the SM-1 MR. The SM-2 (ER) is an extended range area defense weapon for Leahy and Belknap- class Terrier cruisers with NTU (new threat upgrade) conversions. The added length of the booster section requires the Mk 10 missile launcher to fire this weapon. POINTS OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office; Naval Sea Systems Command (OOD); Washington, DC 20362; 202-692-6920 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, SM-1, SM-2 MEDIUM RANGE Primary Function: Surface to air missile Contractor: Hughes Missile Systems Company (formerly General Dynamics' Ponoma Division, sold to Hughes in 1992) Ponoma Division; Raytheon Motorola; Morton-Thiokol; Aerojet General and others Unit cost: SM-1 MR $402,500, SM-2 MR $421,400 Power plant: Dual thrust, solid fuel rocket Length: 14 feet, 7 inches (4.41 meters) Weight: SM-1: 1,100 pounds (495 kg); SM-2: 1,380 pounds (621 kg) Diameter: 13.5 inches (34.3 cm) Wing Span: 3 feet 6 inches (1.08 meters) Range: 15-20 nautical miles (17-23 statute miles)(SM-1 MR) 40-90 nautical miles (46-104 statute miles) (SM-2 MR) Guidance system: Semi-active radar homing Warhead: Proximity fuse, high explosive Date Deployed: 1970 (SM-1 MR) 1981 (SM-2 MR) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, SM-1, SM-2 EXTENDED RANGE Primary Function: Surface to air missile Contractor: Hughes Missile Systems Company (formerly General Dynamics' Ponoma Division, sold to Hughes in 1992) Ponoma Division; Raytheon Motorola; Morton-Thiokol; Atlantic Research and others Unit cost: $409,000 Power plant: Two-stage, solid-fuel rocket; sustainer motor and booster motor Length: 26.2 feet (7.9 meters) Weight: 2,980 pounds (1341 kg) Diameter: 13.5 inches (34.3 cm) Wing Span: 5 feet 2 inches (1.6 meters) Range: 65-100 nautical miles (75-115 statute miles) Guidance system: Inertial/semi-active radar homing Warhead: Proximity fuse, high explosive Date Deployed: 1981 ********* SERVICE: Navy DESCRIPTION: Self-propelled guided projectile that operates underwater and is designed to detonate on contact or in proximity to a target. FEATURES: Torpedoes may be launched from submarines, surface ships, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. They are also used as parts of other weapons; the Mark 46 torpedo becomes the warhead section of the ASROC (Anti-submarine rocket) and the Captor mine uses a submerged sensor platform that releases a torpedo when a hostile contact is detected. The three major torpedoes in the Navy inventory are the Mark 48 heavyweight torpedo, the Mark 46 lightweight and the Mark 50 advanced lightweight. The MK-48 is designed to combat fast, deep-diving nuclear submarines and high performance surface ships. It is carried by all Navy submarines. The improved version, MK-48 ADCAP, is carried by SSN 688 and SSN 637 class attack submarines and will be carried by the Seawolf class attack and Ohio class ballistic missile submarines. The MK-48 replaced both the MK-37 and MK-14 torpedoes. The MK-48 has been operational in the U.S. Navy since 1972. MK-48 ADCAP became operational in 1988 and was approved for full production in 1989. The MK-46 torpedo is designed to attack high performance submarines, and is presently identified as the NATO standard. The MK-46 Mod 5 torpedo is the backbone of the Navy's lightweight ASW torpedo inventory and is expected to remain in service until the year 2015. The MK-50 is an advanced lightweight torpedo for use against the faster, deeper-diving and more sophisticated submarines. The MK-50 can be launched from all ASW aircraft, and from torpedo tubes aboard surface combatant ships. The MK-50 will eventually replace the MK-46 as the fleet's lightweight torpedo, with fleet introduction in the early 1990s. FEATURES: MK-48 and MK-48 ADCAP torpedoes can operate with or without wire guidance and use active and/or passive homing. When launched they execute programmed target search, acquisition and attack procedures. Both can conduct multiple reattacks if they miss the target. The MK-46 torpedo (presently available in mods 1, 2, and 5) is designed to be launched from surface combatant torpedo tubes, ASROC missiles and fixed and rotary wing aircraft. In 1989, a major upgrade program began to enhance the performance of the MK-46 Mod 5 in shallow water. Weapons incorporating these improvements are identified as Mod 5A and Mod 5A(S). POINTS OF CONTACT: Public Affairs Office; Naval Sea Systems Command (OOD); Washington, DC 20362; (703) 692-6920 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, MK-48, MK-48 (ADCAP) Primary Function: Heavyweight torpedo for submarines Contractor: Gould Power Plant: Piston engine; pump jet Length: 19 feet (5.79 meters) Weight: 3,434 lbs (1545.3 kg) (MK-48) 3,695 lbs (1662.75 kg) (MK-48 ADCAP) Diameter: 21 inches (53.34 centimeters) Range: Greater than 5 miles (8 km) Depth: Greater than 1,200 ft (365.76 meters) Speed: Greater than 28 knots (32.2 mph, 51.52 kph) Guidance System: Wire guided and passive/active acoustic homing Warhead: 650 lbs (292.5 kg) high explosive Date Deployed: 1972 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, MK-46 MOD 5 Primary Function: Air and ship-launched lightweight torpedo Contractor: Honeywell Inc. Power Plant: Two-speed, reciprocating external combustion; Mono-propellant (Otto fuel II) fueled Length: 102.36 in. tube launch configuration (from ship) Weight: 517.65 lbs (warshot configuration) Diameter: 12.75 inches Range: 8,000 yards Depth: Greater than 1,200 ft (365.76 meters) Speed: Greater than 28 knots (32.2 mph, 51.52 kph) Guidance System: Homing mode: Active or passive/active acoustic homing Launch/search mode: Snake or circle search Warhead: 98 lbs. of PBXN-103 high explosive (bulk charge) Date Deployed: 1966 (Mod 0) 1979 (Mod 5) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, MK-50 Primary Function: Air and ship-launched lightweight torpedo Contractor: Honeywell , Westinghouse Power Plant: Stored Chemical Energy Propulsion System Length: 112 inches Weight: 750 pounds Diameter: 12.75 inches Speed: 40+ knots Guidance System: Active/passive acoustic homing Warhead: Approximately 100 pounds high explosive (shaped charge) (-eof-) (C)nXo/loteknologies