;;; Upper CYC(R) Ontology flat-file
;;; Copyright Cycorp 1997.  All rights reserved.

;;;Cycorp License Agreement 

;;;Cycorp is providing this material from the Cyc(tm) Upper
;;;Ontology at no charge, for everyone to use, including 
;;;commercial service use and incorporation into products. 
;;;However, it is not 'Public Domain.'  Please acknowledge 
;;;Cycorp, 3721 Executive Center Dr., Austin, TX 78731 in 
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;;;in any use or citation they make of the material.  All
;;;these terms equally apply to renamings and other 
;;;logically equivalent reformulations of the material in 
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;;;amend and expand the material from time to time; the 
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;;; #$AFewDaysDuration
(#$isa #$AFewDaysDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$AFewDaysDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$AFewDaysDuration "Duration of 2 to 10 days")

;;; #$AFewDecadesDuration
(#$isa #$AFewDecadesDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$AFewDecadesDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$AFewDecadesDuration "Duration of 2 to 10 decades")

;;; #$AFewHoursDuration
(#$isa #$AFewHoursDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$AFewHoursDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$AFewHoursDuration "Duration of 2 to 10 hours")

;;; #$AFewMinutesDuration
(#$isa #$AFewMinutesDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$AFewMinutesDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$AFewMinutesDuration "Duration of 2 to 10 minutes")

;;; #$AFewMonthsDuration
(#$isa #$AFewMonthsDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$AFewMonthsDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$AFewMonthsDuration "A few months 2-10")

;;; #$AFewSecondsDuration
(#$isa #$AFewSecondsDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$isa #$AFewSecondsDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$comment #$AFewSecondsDuration "Duration of 2 to 30 seconds")

;;; #$AFewWeeksDuration
(#$isa #$AFewWeeksDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$AFewWeeksDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$AFewWeeksDuration "Duration of 2 to 10 weeks")

;;; #$AFewYearsDuration
(#$isa #$AFewYearsDuration #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$AFewYearsDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$AFewYearsDuration "Duration of 2 to 10 years")

;;; #$AbandoningSomething
(#$isa #$AbandoningSomething #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$AbandoningSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AbandoningSomething #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$AbandoningSomething #$LosingUserRights)
(#$comment #$AbandoningSomething "The collection of events in which some #$Agent deliberately gives up possession of something, without giving it to another.")

;;; #$Ablation
(#$isa #$Ablation #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Ablation #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Ablation #$RemovingSomething)
(#$genls #$Ablation #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$Ablation #$Separation-Complete)
(#$comment #$Ablation "A collection of events.  In an #$Ablation, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object.")

;;; #$AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction
(#$isa #$AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction #$LevelOfAConstruction)
(#$genls #$AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction #$ContainerProduct)
(#$comment #$AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction "This refers to first floor and up. We created this to make the distinction between basements and non-basements.  We'd like to be able to talk about, count, etc. the levels above ground.")

;;; #$AbradingSomething
(#$isa #$AbradingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$AbradingSomething #$Ablation)
(#$genls #$AbradingSomething #$PhysicalContactSituation)
(#$genls #$AbradingSomething #$VoluntaryBodyMovement)
(#$comment #$AbradingSomething "A collection of events.  In an #$AbradingSomething event, the surface of some object is gradually worn away by scraping or similar physical contact involving friction.  Devices used in elements of #$AbradingSomething include files and sand paper; elements of #$AbradingSomething would include the event in which Howard Hughes sanded down the Spruce Goose for the last time, the event in which Lucy Ricardo filed her fingernails just before her singing debut at Rickie's club, etc.")

;;; #$AbsoluteValueFn
(#$isa #$AbsoluteValueFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$AbsoluteValueFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$AbsoluteValueFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$AbsoluteValueFn "#$AbsoluteValueFn is the unary mathematical function that returns the absolute value of its argument; e.g., (#$AbsoluteValueFn -2) returns 2, and (#$AbsoluteValueFn 2) returns 2.")

;;; #$AbstractInformation
(#$isa #$AbstractInformation #$StuffType)
(#$isa #$AbstractInformation #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$AbstractInformation #$Intangible)
(#$comment #$AbstractInformation "The collection of all instances of abstract information stored or transmitted in some manner, and representing (to someone potentially at least) something.  Abstract information need not have any propositional content (see #$PropositionalInformationThing); a score for music, or a bit-map, are examples.  Note that #$AbstractInformation is the abstract, intangible information, not any particular physical embodiment.  The same abstract information is often stored in many different physical #$InformationBearingObjects.  #$AbstractInformation may or may not be digital; it need not be representable in a particular number of bits.  #$AbstractInformation does not include every abstract #$Intangible or 'Platonic' concept, only that information that represents something and is (at least potentially) stored or transmitted for that purpose; thus, the ideal regular icosahedron is not in itself an instance of #$AbstractInformation.  Note also that although most instances of #$AbstractInformation are #$IntangibleIndividuals, some are #$SetOrCollections such as #$BiologicalTaxons and other #$ConventionalClassificationTypes.")

;;; #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage
(#$isa #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage #$Language)
(#$genls #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing)
(#$comment #$AbstractProgrammingLanguage "The collection of languages invented for use by computers. This includes both command languages and others which one doesn't really `program' in.")

;;; #$AbstractShape
(#$isa #$AbstractShape #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$AbstractShape #$GeometricThing)
(#$comment #$AbstractShape "A collection of objects; a subset of #$GeometricThing.  #$AbstractShape is the collection of all abstract physical shapes.  Each element of #$AbstractShape is an abstract region of physical space, having two or more dimensions.  This includes all circles, spheres, triangles, wedges, spirals, cylinders, toruses, etc.")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$AbstractShape #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SHAPE-QUALITY")

;;; #$AbstractShapeType
(#$isa #$AbstractShapeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$AbstractShapeType #$ShapeType)
(#$comment #$AbstractShapeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$AbstractShapeType is a collection of things which are subsets of #$AbstractShape.  The elements of #$AbstractShapeType comprise the basic physical shapes.  Examples include: #$CylinderShape, #$PyramidShape, #$ConeShape, #$TubeShape, #$Rectangular3DShape, #$Polygon, #$Spiral, etc.")

;;; #$AcademicProfessional
(#$isa #$AcademicProfessional #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$AcademicProfessional #$Professional)
(#$comment #$AcademicProfessional "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$AcademicProfessional is a person whose job is to educate and/or to perform research as an affiliate of an academic institution.  This includes members of the teaching and/or research staff of schools, colleges, universities, and research institutes.")

;;; #$AcademicQuarter
(#$isa #$AcademicQuarter #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AcademicQuarter #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$AcademicQuarter "Each instance of this collection is a #$TimeInterval defined by some educational institution: one quarter of their #$AcademicYear.  Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution, the year, etc., instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like StanfordSpringQuarter1991.")

;;; #$AcademicSemester
(#$isa #$AcademicSemester #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AcademicSemester #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$AcademicSemester "Each instance of this collection is a #$TimeInterval defined by some educational institution: one half of their #$AcademicYear. Since the start dates, end dates and duration may vary depending on the institution and year, instances will be time intervals such as ``StanfordSpringSemester1990-91''.")

;;; #$AcademicTrimester
(#$isa #$AcademicTrimester #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AcademicTrimester #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$AcademicTrimester "Each instance of this collection is a #$TimeInterval defined by some educational institution: one third of their #$AcademicYear. Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution and year, instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like UCLASpringTrimester1990-91.")

;;; #$AcademicYear
(#$isa #$AcademicYear #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AcademicYear #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$AcademicYear "Each instance of this collection is an annually recurring #$TimeInterval defined by an educational institution.  Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution, the year, etc., instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like Stanford1989-90AcademicYear.")

;;; #$Acceleration
(#$isa #$Acceleration #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Acceleration #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Acceleration #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Acceleration "Acceleration is the change in speed of an object per unit time.  It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as MilesPerHourPerSecond.")

;;; #$AccessingAnIBT
(#$isa #$AccessingAnIBT #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$AccessingAnIBT #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AccessingAnIBT #$InformationTransferEvent)
(#$genls #$AccessingAnIBT #$TransferIn)
(#$genls #$AccessingAnIBT #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$AccessingAnIBT #$MentalActivity)
(#$comment #$AccessingAnIBT "A collection of information transfer events.  Each element of #$AccessingAnIBT is an action by which an agent accesses the content of some IBT (i.e., an element of #$InformationBearingThing).  Examples include (getting information from) reading a newspaper, watching a film, listening to a musical performance, decoding an encrypted message, seeing a traffic police officer wave you on, or hearing your roommate ask you to take out the trash.  Of course, communication conventions play a role here.  In the #$NaiveInformationMt, Cyc simply assumes that an agent who accesses an IBT understands its content afterwards.  In the #$InformationGMt, Cyc makes the more complicated inference that an agent who accesses an IBT understands its content afterwards only if the agent is able to get the encoded information using a convention familiar to that agent.  See also #$CommunicationConvention, #$hasCommConvention, #$usesCommConventionForInfo.")

;;; #$Account
(#$isa #$Account #$AccountType)
(#$genls #$Account #$AuthorizedAgreement)
(#$genls #$Account #$LegalAgreement)
(#$comment #$Account "A collection of objects; a subset of #$LegalAgreement.  Each element of #$Account is a recorded obligation (of some particular type) between specified parties, consisting of `funds' which typically can be added to and drawn upon.  Examples include the instances of #$RetirementAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount, and of the many types of #$FinancialAccount.  Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary; for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the subsets #$VacationAccount or a #$SickLeaveAccount.  #$Account does NOT include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be increased or reduced (such as a bond).")

;;; #$AccountStatusAttribute
(#$isa #$AccountStatusAttribute #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType)
(#$genls #$AccountStatusAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$AccountStatusAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$AccountStatusAttribute is an attribute that describes the obligational status of an #$Account; e.g.,#$PaidInFull, #$InComplianceWithPaymentSchedule, #$PaymentOverdue, #$AccountInactive.")

;;; #$AccountType
(#$isa #$AccountType #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$AccountType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$AccountType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$AccountType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$AccountType is a collection of financial accounts of some type.  Examples: #$SavingsAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, #$RetirementAccount, #$SocialSecurityAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount.  Typically, accounts are denominated in units of #$Money.")

;;; #$Acknowledging-CommunicationAct
(#$isa #$Acknowledging-CommunicationAct #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Acknowledging-CommunicationAct #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Acknowledging-CommunicationAct #$CommunicationAct-Single)
(#$comment #$Acknowledging-CommunicationAct "The collection of actions which are #$performedBy one #$Agent to convey information about the receipt of a prior #$CommunicationAct-Single which was #$performedBy another #$Agent.  An example: Judy saying `No' in response to Jane's prior act of saying `Will you clean the toaster.'")

;;; #$AcquaintanceAttribute
(#$isa #$AcquaintanceAttribute #$SocialAttributeType)
(#$genls #$AcquaintanceAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$AcquaintanceAttribute "The collection of attributes that specify ways in which (and/or degrees to which) one person is acquainted with another  E.g., some instances of this collection are:  #$FamousPersonAcquaintance, #$TrueFanAcquaintance, #$IntimateAcquaintance, #$FrequentContactAcquaintance, etc.")

;;; #$Action
(#$isa #$Action #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Action #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Action #$Event)
(#$comment #$Action "A collection of events.  Each instance of #$Action is an event in which something is done by some agent.  (See #$doneBy.)  Actions may include any event in which one or more actor(s) effect some change(s) in the tangible or intangible state of the world, typically by some expenditure of effort or energy.  But note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of actions may be intangible (such as the change in a bank balance, or the intimidation of a subordinate).  Depending upon the context, actors may be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious.  For actions that are intentional, see also #$PurposefulAction, #$performedBy.")

;;; #$ActionOnObject
(#$isa #$ActionOnObject #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$ActionOnObject #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ActionOnObject #$Action)
(#$comment #$ActionOnObject "The collection of events in which some doer acts on an object. Each element of #$ActionOnObject is an action in which both the roles of #$doneBy and #$objectActedOn (qq.v.) are filled.  Positive examples: someone typing on a keyboard; a tornado destroying a building.  Negative examples: a person dancing; wind blowing.")

;;; #$ActorSlot
(#$isa #$ActorSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$ActorSlot #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$genls #$ActorSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$ActorSlot #$Role)
(#$comment #$ActorSlot "A collection of binary predicates.  Each element of #$ActorSlot relates some instance of #$Event to a thing involved in that event (here called a `participant').  The first argument of every #$ActorSlot is an instance of #$Event, and the second argument is an instance of #$SomethingExisting, denoting a participant in that event.  Each specialized actor slot indicates HOW its participant participates in the event, i.e., in what role (e.g., #$inputs, #$outputs, #$doneBy).  `Participant' does NOT include the time of the event's occurrence, external representations of the event, and other more remotely related things that are not directly or indirectly `involved' in the occurrence of the event.")

;;; #$Address-LocationDesignator
(#$isa #$Address-LocationDesignator #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Address-LocationDesignator #$CharacterString)
(#$genls #$Address-LocationDesignator #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$Address-LocationDesignator "A collection of strings.  Each element of #$Address-LocationDesignator is a string that denotes an address.  Each string indicates one entire address.  For example: `President Bill Clinton, White House,, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC.")

;;; #$Adjective
(#$isa #$Adjective #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$Adjective #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$Adjective "The collecton of all adjectives. Adjectives are words which can modify nouns. Many adjectives have comparative and superlative forms. Example: `red'.")

;;; #$Administrator
(#$isa #$Administrator #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Administrator #$DeskWorker)
(#$comment #$Administrator "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$Administrator is an employee of an organization who is responsible for managing its organizational affairs.  Elements of #$Administrator may or may not also be required to manage people.  If so, then they are also #$Managers (q.v.).")

;;; #$Admiration
(#$isa #$Admiration #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Admiration #$Respect)
(#$comment #$Admiration "A feeling of strong approval.  An intense positive attitude towards another person(s) or group.  May be accompanied by emulation.  #$Admiration is different than #$Respect (qv).  This is a collection --- see #$Happiness for an explanation.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Admiration are #$Wonder-Admiration, #$Adulation, #$Awe, etc. ")

;;; #$AdultAnimal
(#$isa #$AdultAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AdultAnimal #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment)
(#$genls #$AdultAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$AdultAnimal "The collection of all adult animals (including adult people), meaning all elements of #$Animal that are mature enough to bear offspring, or older.")

;;; #$AdultFemalePerson
(#$isa #$AdultFemalePerson #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AdultFemalePerson #$FemalePerson)
(#$genls #$AdultFemalePerson #$HumanAdult)
(#$comment #$AdultFemalePerson "The collection of all women; i.e., #$Persons who are adult and female")

;;; #$Adverb
(#$isa #$Adverb #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$Adverb #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$Adverb "The collection of all adverbs. Adverbs are words which can modify adverbs, verbs, or adjectives. Many adverbs are morphologically derived from adjectives. Example: `slowly'.")

;;; #$Advertising
(#$isa #$Advertising #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Advertising #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Advertising #$CommunicationAct-Single)
(#$comment #$Advertising "A collection of #$CommunicationAct-Singles.  In an #$Advertising event, someone is communicating, to potential customers of an #$Agent, the desire of that agent to do business with those customers (either to `do business' in general or to sell them something specific.")

;;; #$Affection
(#$isa #$Affection #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Affection #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Affection "A feeling of fondness for someone or something.  Sympathy, liking, warmth, tenderness.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Affection are #$Love, #$Passion, etc.")

;;; #$Afternoon
(#$isa #$Afternoon #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Afternoon #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Afternoon "An #$Afternoon is the daily #$Event where the #$Sun moves from its `highest' position in the daily cycle and `sets', i.e from noon till #$Sunset.  A #$Midday overlaps the start of an #$Afternoon, and an #$Evening is #$contiguousAfter an #$Afternoon.  Each #$Afternoon is #$temporallyFinishedBy a #$Sunset.")

;;; #$Agent
(#$isa #$Agent #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Agent #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject)
(#$comment #$Agent "An agent is something which can show independent action, whether conscious or not.  #$Agent represents the collection of all agents.  Most animals are considered agents, in most contexts; so are most organizations.   Most plants are not agents, in most contexts.  Inanimate devices are sometimes considered agents, in certain contexts.  This is one of those concepts which is important yet very hard to define precisely.  Here is some elaboration, to help convey the intended meaning of the basic criterion for agenthood:  It must seem that a kind of decision-making is going on, even if it's down at the `mindless' level of the reflex reaction of a spider leg to heat, or the reflex reaction of a Human Resources Department rejecting an applicant with no formal degree.  It generally `sounds right' or `feels  natural' to assign causality to agents, rather than some larger or smaller entity.  E.g., it is more natural to say `Fred wrote an essay' than to say `Fred's left hand wrote an essay' or, at the other extreme, to say `The Solar System wrote an essay'.  Similarly, we might very well talk about `Microsoft' buying IBM, but it would be unnatural and even incorrect to talk about a much larger entity (`corporate America') or smaller entity (`the Microsoft lawyers') as the performer of that buying action.")

;;; #$AgentiveNoun
(#$isa #$AgentiveNoun #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$AgentiveNoun #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$AgentiveNoun "The collection of all nouns in the agentive form.  Agentive nouns usually denote the `doer' or `performer' of some action, and often end in `-er' or `-or'. Example: `runner'.")

;;; #$Agility
(#$isa #$Agility #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Agility #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute)
(#$comment #$Agility "#$Agility is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions in which the performer's whole body moves precisely and in a well-coordinated fashion.")

;;; #$Agreement
(#$isa #$Agreement #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Agreement #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory)
(#$genls #$Agreement #$IntangibleExistingThing)
(#$comment #$Agreement "A collection of `objects' with temporal extent.  Each element of #$Agreement involves two or more parties, who agree that certain propositions should be true.  Making the propositions true may require some action or commitment of wealth on the part of one or more of the #$agreeingAgents.  Thus, elements of #$Agreement will usually involve some instances of #$Obligation.
Note:  Elements of #$Agreement and #$Obligation differ, however, in that an #$obligatedAgent is responsible for the truth of all of the propositions in an obligation.  In an agreement, some agents may not be responsible for all of the propositions in the agreement being true. For example, in a loan agreement, the borrower agrees to give the lender back the money, but the borrower is the only #$obligatedAgent for the repayment.  Note that #$obligatedAgents need not be among the #$agreeingAgents in the agreement that involves or generates the obligation.  For example, the Board of Directors of XYZCorporation may agree that some non-director will assume the post and duties of President of XYZCorporation.  Moreover, #$agreeingAgents aren't always obligatedAgents; e.g., Wanda and Paul may agree that Paul alone is obligated to do some task.
Examples include instances of #$PeaceAccord, #$LegalAgreement, #$InformalAgreement, #$BusinessPartnershipAgreement, #$WorkAgreement, #$SalesAgreement, #$MaintenanceAgreement, #$Reservation, #$Appointment, etc.")

;;; #$AgreementNote
(#$isa #$AgreementNote #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$AgreementNote "Elements of #$Agreement (and of its subsets) are #$Microtheory instances containing propositions representing what some number of parties have agreed upon. An #$Agreement may contain a set of #$Obligations on the part of one or more of the parties. An #$Agreement may also be just a set of beliefs that the parties have decided to share. To indicate which propositions are true in an #$Agreement, regardless of whether they are true in reality, use #$ist-Agreement. (#$ist-Agreement AGREEMENT PROP) means that PROP is a #$CycFormula expressing something that was agreed upon in AGREEMENT. Other relevant vocabulary: (#$agreeingAgents AGREEMENT AGENT) means that AGENT is one of the parties agreeing to AGREEMENT. (#$subAgreements AGREEMENT1 AGREEMENT2) means that AGREEMENT2 is a part of (is included in) AGREEMENT1. (#$governedByAgreement ACTION AGREEMENT) means that ACTION is governed by the terms of AGREEMENT. (#$agreementForbids AGREEMENT AGENT ACTION-TYPE) means that AGREEMENT forbids AGENT from performing elements of ACTION-TYPE. (#$agreementPeriod AGREEMENT TIME) means that AGREEMENT is considered to be true during the time period TIME.")

;;; #$AilmentCondition
(#$isa #$AilmentCondition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$AilmentCondition #$PhysiologicalCondition)
(#$comment #$AilmentCondition "The most general collection of ailment events; a subset of #$PhysiologicalCondition, and a subset of #$Event.  An instance of #$AilmentCondition is a dynamic state of sickness, injury, or physiological impairment.  Having an ailment is an event:  it has temporal aspects, it progresses dynamically, etc., it is not just `being in some static state of un-wellness.'   Some subsets of #$AilmentCondition are: #$RespiratoryAilment, #$HeartCondition, #$Cancer, #$MotionSickness, #$Poisoning, #$Infection, #$InjuryCondition.  If a particular person suffers from asthma, that is an element of #$AilmentCondition.  Each #$AilmentCondition is a state of actual, developed sickness or impairment, rather than the event of getting sick or becoming impaired.  Also note that each type of ailment, such as #$Asthma, is the set of all `cases' or `instances' of individuals suffering from that condition.")

;;; #$Air
(#$isa #$Air #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$genls #$Air #$Mixture)
(#$genls #$Air #$GaseousTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Air "A collection of tangibles; a subset of #$GaseousTangibleThing.  Each element of #$Air is one `piece' among all the portions of the atmosphere of the Earth, considered as a substance present in various places, in various quantities, under various pressures, etc.  Examples: the #$AirInAustin; the stuffy air in my office; the thin air atop Annapurna.  See also #$TheAtmosphereQuaSinglePieceOfStuff, which is all ambient #$Air on the planet taken as a single object.")

;;; #$AirForce
(#$isa #$AirForce #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AirForce #$MilitaryOrganization)
(#$comment #$AirForce "A collection of military organizations.  An element of #$AirForce is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of airborne forces: bombers, fighters, torpedo planes, parachute troops, surveillance aircraft, etc., and having the function of defending or attacking air space, ships, or ground targets.")

;;; #$AirForcePersonnel
(#$isa #$AirForcePersonnel #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$AirForcePersonnel #$MilitaryPerson)
(#$comment #$AirForcePersonnel "A collection of people, a subset 
of #$MilitaryPerson. Each element of this collection is
somebody who works for an #$AirForce.")

;;; #$AirRespiration
(#$isa #$AirRespiration #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$AirRespiration #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$AirRespiration #$Respiration)
(#$comment #$AirRespiration "A collection of activities constituting a natural #$PhysiologicalFunction; #$AirRespiration is the collection of all #$Respiration events in which an organism trades some of the carbon dioxide in its tissues for oxygen from the atmosphere.")

;;; #$AirTransportationDevice
(#$isa #$AirTransportationDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AirTransportationDevice #$TransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$AirTransportationDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$AirTransportationDevice is a device used for transportation through the air.  For example, the Goodyear Blimp, Air Force One, and the #$SpaceShuttleAtlantis.  Subsets of #$AirTransportationDevice include the collections #$Airplane, #$Helicopter, #$HotAirBalloon, #$GroundToOrbitVehicle (such as Atlas rockets or the Space Shuttles), and so on.")

;;; #$AirlineCompany
(#$isa #$AirlineCompany #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AirlineCompany #$Business)
(#$genls #$AirlineCompany #$TransportationCompany)
(#$comment #$AirlineCompany "The collection of all air transportation companies.  An element of #$AirlineCompany is a #$TransportationCompany that operates airplanes to transport goods or people in exchange for money.")

;;; #$Airplane
(#$isa #$Airplane #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Airplane #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Airplane #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$Airplane #$ContainerProduct)
(#$genls #$Airplane #$AirTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Airplane "The colection of all fixed-wing (except #$Warplanes), heavier-than-air, self-powered flying machines (excluding cruise missiles).")

;;; #$AirplaneRunway
(#$isa #$AirplaneRunway #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AirplaneRunway #$PathForWheeledVehicles)
(#$comment #$AirplaneRunway "An airstrip, at an airport, on an aircraft carrier, or in some field, upon which airplanes taxi, take off, and land.")

;;; #$Airport-Physical
(#$isa #$Airport-Physical #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Airport-Physical #$ConstructionArtifact)
(#$comment #$Airport-Physical "The collection of all airfields, where airplanes take off and land.  An Airport-Physical definitely has a runway, may or may not have any other buildings.  If it's the grounds of an #$AirportOrganization, some of those other features will be present.")

;;; #$AirportOrganization
(#$isa #$AirportOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AirportOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$AirportOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$AirportOrganization is an organization that manages and controls particular airports and their appurtenant facilities; e.g., #$LaGuardiaAirport.")

;;; #$Alertness
(#$isa #$Alertness #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Alertness #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Alertness #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Alertness "#$Alertness is an #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute which specifies how sleepy or alert an animal is.  Levels of #$Alertness include #$Asleep, #$Sleepy, and #$Awake.")

;;; #$AllergicReaction
(#$isa #$AllergicReaction #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$AllergicReaction #$AilmentCondition)
(#$comment #$AllergicReaction "A collection of dynamic, physiological states.  An instance of #$AllergicReaction is an event in which an organism which is exposed to a particular substance (e.g., pollen, mold) develops some abnormality or impairment of its physiological condition as a result of interacting with the substance.  Allergic reactions to some types of substances occur widely in members of a species; e.g., #$PoisonIvyPoisoning in humans.  But other allergic reactions affect only a small proportion of a species, such as human allergies to penicillin.  This concept is the set of events in which allergic reactions are `taking place', not abstract unrealized potential situations such as `John is allergic to milk.'  I.e., if John were allergic to milk, and he drank some, and then proceeded to have a whopping bad allergic reaction, that latter event would be an element of #$AllergicReaction.")

;;; #$Always-TimeInterval
(#$isa #$Always-TimeInterval #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$Always-TimeInterval "The interval of time which encompasses all time.  In more general MTs we remain agnostic as to whether this time interval has either a beginning or an end, but if it does, #$Always-TimeInterval begins when time itself begins and ends only when time ends completely.  Every other instance of #$TimeInterval is a #$timeSlices of #$Always-TimeInterval. ")

;;; #$Ambulance
(#$isa #$Ambulance #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Ambulance #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Ambulance #$RoadVehicle)
(#$comment #$Ambulance "The collection of all RoadVehicles that are equipped primarily for transporting wounded, injured or sick persons.")

;;; #$Ampere
(#$isa #$Ampere #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Ampere #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Ampere #$UnitOfCurrent)
(#$isa #$Ampere #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Ampere #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$resultIsa #$Ampere #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Ampere #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Ampere "The standard unit of measure of electrical current, equivalent to a 1-#$Coulomb flow of current, or 1 #$Volt across a resistance of 1 #$Ohm.")

;;; #$Amphibian
(#$isa #$Amphibian #$BiologicalClass)
(#$genls #$Amphibian #$Vertebrate)
(#$genls #$Amphibian #$NonPersonAnimal)
(#$comment #$Amphibian "The collection of all #$Organism-Wholes which are members of the #$BiologicalClass Amphibia, being a specialization of #$Vertebrate.  
Members of this class are smooth skinned #$Vertebrates which hatch from eggs to form aquatic larvae [see #$Larva].  These larvae metamorphose into an air-breathing adult [see AirBreathingVertebrate] (normally) having #$Lungs.  Subsets of this collection include #$Frogs and #$Salamanders.")

;;; #$Anesthesia
(#$isa #$Anesthesia #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Anesthesia #$DrugTherapy)
(#$comment #$Anesthesia "A collection of events; a subset of #$DrugTherapy (q.v.).  In an instance of #$Anesthesia, a #$BiologicalLivingObject undergoes the effect of some instance of #$Anesthetic, the effect of which is to eliminate the perception of pain.  #$Anesthesia events occur in connection with other medical care events, so that a patient will not feel the pain or discomfort that would otherwise be associated with those medical procedures.  #$Anesthetics are of various chemical kinds, work in various ways, and can be administered in various ways.  They may topically numb an area, they may poison the central nervous system to the point where the animal loses consciousness, etc.  The resulting anesthetic therapies thus may differ, according to the type of anesthetic used; for example, the patient may or may not be conscious during an instance of #$Anesthesia.  See also #$AdministeringADrug.")

;;; #$Anger
(#$isa #$Anger #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Anger #$Frustration)
(#$comment #$Anger "Intense feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Anger include #$Belligerence, etc.")

;;; #$Angle
(#$isa #$Angle #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Angle #$GeometricThing)
(#$comment #$Angle "A collection of #$GeometricThings.  Each element of #$Angle is a pair of line segments, planes (or, more generally, n-dimensional hyperplanes) that share an endpoint, edge (or, more generally, an [n-1]-dimensional hyperedge).")

;;; #$Angstrom
(#$isa #$Angstrom #$UnitOfDistance)
(#$isa #$Angstrom #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Angstrom #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Angstrom #$Distance)
(#$resultIsa #$Angstrom #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Angstrom #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Angstrom "Extremely small unit of length, used especially for measuring the wavelength of light, derived by dividing a meter by 10,000,000,000.  Abbreviation: A (with a little circle on the top of the `A').  1 A = 1/10,000,000,000 (i.e., 10^-10) meter.")

;;; #$AngularAccelerationRate
(#$isa #$AngularAccelerationRate #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$AngularAccelerationRate #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$AngularAccelerationRate #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$AngularAccelerationRate "#$AngularAccelerationRate is the rate at which the #$RateOfRotation of an object changes.It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as radians per second per second.")

;;; #$Animal
(#$isa #$Animal #$BiologicalKingdom)
(#$genls #$Animal #$PerceptualAgent)
(#$genls #$Animal #$AnimalBLO)
(#$genls #$Animal #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Animal #$Organism-Whole)
(#$comment #$Animal "The collection of all animals; this large class of organisms is one instance of #$BiologicalKingdom.  Animals are typically motile, living, whole organisms; they are elements of #$Heterotroph, incapable of performing instances of #$Photosynthesis.  Animal cells contain cholesterol and lack cell walls made of cellulose.  #$Person is a subset of #$Animal; see also #$NonPersonAnimal.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Animal #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ANIMAL")

;;; #$AnimalActivity
(#$isa #$AnimalActivity #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$AnimalActivity #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AnimalActivity #$Action)
(#$genls #$AnimalActivity #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$comment #$AnimalActivity "A collection of events.  Each element of #$AnimalActivity is an action whose performer(s) (see #$doneBy) belong to the collection #$Animal.")

;;; #$AnimalBLO
(#$isa #$AnimalBLO #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AnimalBLO #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$AnimalBLO "The subset of #$BiologicalLivingObject which includes all the elements of #$Animal and of #$AnimalBodyPart and #$AnimalBodyRegion.")

;;; #$AnimalBodyPart
(#$isa #$AnimalBodyPart #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$AnimalBodyPart "The collection of all the anatomical parts and physical regions of all living animals; a subset of #$OrganismPart.  Each element of #$AnimalBodyPart is a piece of some live animal and thus is itself an instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject.  #$AnimalBodyPart includes both highly localized organs (e.g., hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as its circulatory system and nervous system).  
Note: Severed limbs and other parts of dead animals are NOT included in this collection; see #$DeadFn.")

;;; #$AnimalBodyPartType
(#$isa #$AnimalBodyPartType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$AnimalBodyPartType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$AnimalBodyPartType "The collection of all the types of #$AnimalBodyParts.  An #$AnimalBodyPartType  is a characterization of body parts by structure and/or function.   Some elements of this collection include #$SpinalColumn, #$Eyelash, #$NervousSystem, #$Urethra, #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart, #$HeelOfPalm, etc.  As can be seen from those examples, #$AnimalBodyPartType is not organized along species/order/class/phylum/... taxonomic lines.")

;;; #$AnimalBodyRegion
(#$isa #$AnimalBodyRegion #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AnimalBodyRegion #$OrganismPart)
(#$genls #$AnimalBodyRegion #$AnimalBLO)
(#$comment #$AnimalBodyRegion "The set of parts of an animal's body that one might point to, operate on, photograph, transplant, etc.  So this is a collection of (conceptual) spatial subdivisions of the bodies of #$Animals, generally contiguous and having some more or less clear boundary.  Some elements of this collections are Einstein's head, #$SantasBeard, and Babe Ruth's right arm.  Other elements of this set are what might be considered unhealthy body regions, such as a blister, a puncture wound, a bruise, etc. -- but those are still clearly a part of an animal's body, can be pointed to, photographed, bandaged up, etc.   
Note that this concept is quite different from an animal body `system' (such as the lymph system, the nervous system, etc.) which comprises a small portion of an animal's total mass but is distributed throughout the animal's body -- see #$AnimalBodyPart.  (At the naive, commonsense level of physiology, and for almost all purposes, it is perfectly acceptable to conceptualize Santa's beard as one #$AnimalBodyRegion, and the same for Farrah Fawcett's hair, etc.  A borderline case of this is:  Cher's fingernails.  In some contexts, one would treat those as an #$AnimalBodyRegion, and in other contexts one would treat them as ten separate #$AnimalBodyRegions.)")

;;; #$AnimalMigration
(#$isa #$AnimalMigration #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$AnimalMigration #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$AnimalMigration #$LocomotionEvent)
(#$genls #$AnimalMigration #$Translation-RoundTrip)
(#$comment #$AnimalMigration "The collection of regular, species-linked movements of an animal or group of animals from one place to another, usually with a return to the starting point after a certain period of time.  In some species, the migration cycle occurs once in a lifetime, while others migrate annually on a seasonal basis.   Migration is typically linked with an animal's reproductive cycle (as in salmon), but may also involve seasonal relocation to a more hospitable climate and/or more plentiful food supply. For example, many birds exhibit seasonal migration; e.g., native Northeastern U.S. birds that spend their winters in the Southern U.S.")

;;; #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute
(#$isa #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$genls #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute #$PhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute "The broadest collection of attributes of #$Animals that describe the physiological aspects of an animal, including its physiological (1) capacities, (2) conditions, and (3) states.  Examples include: (1) Capacities: #$Fertile, #$HearingImpaired, #$Paraplegic; (2) Conditions: #$Anemic, #$AthleticPhysicalBuild; (3) States: #$Intoxicated, #$Injured, #$Inflamed.  #$PlantPhysiologicalAttributes, such as #$InBloom, are excluded.")

;;; #$AnimalSound
(#$isa #$AnimalSound #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$AnimalSound #$AudibleSound)
(#$genls #$AnimalSound #$InformationBearingWavePropagation)
(#$comment #$AnimalSound "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation.  Each element of #$AnimalSound is a sound of a type which originally was, and typically is, made by an animal using just its body parts (though such a sound may subsequently have been reproduced by imitation or recording).  For example, instances of #$Birdsong, #$NeighingSound, #$PurringSound, #$BarkingSound, #$BrayingSound.  Note that the restriction to sounds produced by body parts alone excludes noises produced by moving external objects; i.e., #$AnimalSound does NOT include rustling the leaves underfoot, splashing water, or playing a musical instrument.")

;;; #$AnimalWalkingProcess
(#$isa #$AnimalWalkingProcess #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$AnimalWalkingProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$AnimalWalkingProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$AnimalWalkingProcess #$LocomotionProcess)
(#$genls #$AnimalWalkingProcess #$SimpleWholeBodyMovement)
(#$comment #$AnimalWalkingProcess "The collection of individual #$LocomotionProcess es in which an #$Animal agent travels on foot using voluntary movements of its legs.")

;;; #$AnnualClimateCycle
(#$isa #$AnnualClimateCycle #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$AnnualClimateCycle #$WeatherEvent)
(#$comment #$AnnualClimateCycle "A collection of events.  Each element of #$AnnualClimateCycle is an extended event, one year in length, which encompasses #$subEvents describing the changing of the seasons.  Subsets include #$TemperateClimateCycle, #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle, etc.  See also the comments on #$ClimateCycleType, #$hasClimateType.")

;;; #$AnnualEventType
(#$isa #$AnnualEventType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$AnnualEventType #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$comment #$AnnualEventType "A collection of collections.  The instances of an element of #$AnnualEventType are synchronized with the calendar.  If ?X is an #$AnnualEventType, then one occurs each year.  For example, #$ChristmasHoliday is an #$AnnualEventType, because one occurs each year, synchronized with the calendar.")

;;; #$AnteriorRegionFn
(#$isa #$AnteriorRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$AnteriorRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$AnteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$AnteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$AnteriorRegionFn "The function (AnteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the front half or section, or the anterior main portion, of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic front/back orientation, or is a (non-backward-facing) part of a larger region or object that has a front/back orientation.")

;;; #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of #$BinaryPredicate whose elements represent antisymmetric relations.  A predicate F is an element of #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, if both (F X Y) and (F Y X) hold, then X=Y, for every X,Y within the domain and range of F.  For example, #$greaterThanOrEqualTo, #$compatibleBloodTypes.







Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also #$NoteOnArgumentTypingAndPropertiesOfRelations.")

;;; #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of #$BinaryPredicate whose elements represent anti-transitive relations.  A predicate F is an element of #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, for every X,Y,Z in the domain of F, (#$not (#$and (F X Y)(F Y Z)(F X Z))).  

Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also #$NoteOnArgumentTypingAndPropertiesOfRelations.")

;;; #$Anticipation-Feeling
(#$isa #$Anticipation-Feeling #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Anticipation-Feeling #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Anticipation-Feeling "Emotion accompanying an expectation of something pleasant in the foreseeable future.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness. ")

;;; #$Apathy
(#$isa #$Apathy #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Apathy #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Apathy "A lack of interest or concern.  If someone is feeling some measure of #$Apathy, then they typically will have little or no response to things normally expected to excite emotion or interest.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  A related #$FeelingAttributeType is #$Boredom.")

;;; #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart
(#$isa #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart "The collection of all appendages of #$Animals.  An appendage is an #$AnimalBodyPart that is connected to, and extends from, the animal's #$Torso (or else from another of its appendages, such as a hand extending from an arm).  Each appendage is used by the #$Animal for one or more functions; altogether, appendages serve a wide variety of functions such as locomotion, manipulation, sensing, fighting, scratching, heat dissipation, balance, etc.")

;;; #$AppropriatingSomething
(#$isa #$AppropriatingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$AppropriatingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$AppropriatingSomething #$GainingUserRights)
(#$genls #$AppropriatingSomething #$TakingSomething)
(#$comment #$AppropriatingSomething "A collection of events; a subset of #$TakingSomething and of #$GainingUserRights.  In an instance of #$AppropriatingSomething, an #$Agent takes something that no one else has user rights over, such as air for breathing, or some object which at that time belongs to no one (e.g.,a dime lying in the street).
Note: The English verb `appropriate' can also mean to take something away from someone else, against their will and wrongfully, but that is not what is meant here.  For that, see #$Stealing-Generic.")

;;; #$Approval
(#$isa #$Approval #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Approval #$Satisfaction)
(#$comment #$Approval "The emotion of viewing positively a state of affairs or other agent's actions.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$April
(#$isa #$April #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$April #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$AquaticOrganism
(#$isa #$AquaticOrganism #$OrganismTypeByHabitat)
(#$genls #$AquaticOrganism #$Organism-Whole)
(#$comment #$AquaticOrganism "The collection of organisms adapted to life underwater, which spend all or most of their time immersed in water.  This includes the elements of #$Fish, also many instances of #$Mollusk, #$SeaMammal, etc.")

;;; #$Area
(#$isa #$Area #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Area #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Area #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Area "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of #$Area is an amount of two-dimensional space, i.e., a surface.  Elements of #$Area may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot.  See #$UnitOfArea for the units used by Cyc to measure areas.")

;;; #$Arm
(#$isa #$Arm #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Arm #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Arm "The collection of all animal arms.  An #$Arm of an animal is one of its #$AnimalBodyParts, more particularly one of its appendages, a limb which it uses for manipulation moreso than for locomotion.  A #$Hand is considered part of an #$Arm.")

;;; #$ArmMovement
(#$isa #$ArmMovement #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$ArmMovement #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ArmMovement #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$comment #$ArmMovement "The collection of any movements of an arm that are generated by the #$Animal whose arm it is, through nerve impulses to the arm.  Physically, an #$ArmMovement involves movement of the upper arm or elbow in relation to the body to which it is attached.")

;;; #$Army
(#$isa #$Army #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Army #$MilitaryOrganization)
(#$comment #$Army "A collection of military organizations.  An element of #$Army is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of ground forces, which may include infantry, cavalry, artillery, tank and miscellaneous mechanized units, and special forces.  Its personnel may also include support workers such as engineers and medical staff.")

;;; #$ArmyPersonnel
(#$isa #$ArmyPersonnel #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$ArmyPersonnel #$Soldier)
(#$genls #$ArmyPersonnel #$MilitaryPerson)
(#$comment #$ArmyPersonnel "A collection of people, a subset 
of #$MilitaryPerson. Each element of this collection is
somebody who works for an #$Army.")

;;; #$ArrestingSomeone
(#$isa #$ArrestingSomeone #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$ArrestingSomeone #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ArrestingSomeone #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal)
(#$comment #$ArrestingSomeone "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$ArrestingSomeone, a law enforcement officer arrests another person, who is thereupon taken into custody (#$InCustody).")

;;; #$ArtObject
(#$isa #$ArtObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ArtObject #$Product)
(#$genls #$ArtObject #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$ArtObject #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject)
(#$genls #$ArtObject #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$ArtObject "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of #$ArtObject is a tangible object that is a work, or a reproduction of a work, in one of the representational or plastic arts, such as a painting, sculpture, ceramic piece, quilt, stained glass composition, etc.  #$ArtObject does NOT include plays, movies, music, performance art, or other activities.  #$ArtObject is a subset of #$InformationBearingObject, but its elements need not have propositional content, although they may.  Examples of #$ArtObject: the #$StatueOfLiberty, the Mona Lisa, a poster reproduction of Van Gogh's `Starry Night', Rodin's `Burghers of Calais', a piece of Ju ware from the Sung Dynasty, the windows of Chartres Cathedral, a series of prints by Picasso.")

;;; #$Arthropod
(#$isa #$Arthropod #$BiologicalPhylum)
(#$genls #$Arthropod #$Invertebrate)
(#$comment #$Arthropod "An instance of #$BiologicalPhylum whose #$taxonMembers include (mostly) the numerous collections of chitin-armored invertebrates that have jointed bodies and limbs, e.g., insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.")

;;; #$Artifact
(#$isa #$Artifact #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Artifact #$SomethingExisting)
(#$genls #$Artifact #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$Artifact "A collection of tangible things.  An instance of #$Artifact is a tangible which was more or less intentionally created by an #$Agent (or a group of #$Agents working together) to serve some purpose or perform some function.  By `created', we don't require that the matter itself be created, it is often just the result of some sort of assemblage or modification process, such as a wooden flute that's been whittled from a tree branch, a sawhorse that's been put together out of boards and nails, a coin that's been minted by embossing or by melting liquid silver into a mold, etc.

Let's consider some positive and negative examples.

In addition to the obvious human artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), this collection includes certain sorts of things made by #$Animals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams.

Something which just barely squeaks through the intended meaning of this concept is #$YaleUniversity.  In addition to the abstract legal entity, it consists of a set of physical buildings, furnishings, etc.  By contrast, an organization that had no headquarters building, equipment, tangible property, etc. would not be an artifact.  Similarly, a fictional character such as Tom Sawyer is not an artifact (in the context of the story, Tom is not an artifact because he is a real boy; in the context of the real world, Tom is not an artifact because he has no tangible component whatsoever.)

While some artifacts may be alive, or contain living subparts, we do not intend this collection to encompass all organisms which resulted from normal biological reproductive processes.  Your child is not an artifact.

If you do an oil painting of a house that is an artifact, but much more borderline is what you get if you take a rock and just paint it a solid color, say white.  In general that won't be an artifact unless it serves some purpose, such as marking the shoulder of a roadway, but more questionable cases are if the purpose of the white rock is just `to be sold as art' or `to look pretty.'  The white rock might thus be an artifact in certain contexts, but not in others.

Not every instance of #$Path-Generic (q.v.) is necessarily an instance of #$Artifact.  For example, some channels used for navigation may not be artifacts, because even though they are marked with human artifacts (i.e., channel markers) as locations where ships may safely travel, the channel itself may have been a naturally occurring pre-existing thing -- e.g., the #$EnglishChannel.  If a #$Channel-WideStrait were produced or maintained only by constant dredging, it might count as an artifact.  By contrast, each #$Canal, such as #$SuezCanal, is almost certain to be an #$Artifact.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Artifact #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ARTIFACT")

;;; #$ArtificialMaterial
(#$isa #$ArtificialMaterial #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$ArtificialMaterial #$Artifact)
(#$comment #$ArtificialMaterial "A collection of substances; a subset of #$Artifact.  An instance of #$ArtificialMaterial is a portion of artificial stuff that was intentionally made by some agent(s), such as #$Plastic or #$SweetNLow. Since #$ArtificialMaterials are intentionally produced, this class does not normally include materials which are merely #$byProducts or #$wasteProducts of an intentional process.  However, what is a byproduct at one time or in one context may be a useful material that would count as an instance of #$ArtificialMaterial in another.")

;;; #$Asleep
(#$isa #$Asleep #$Alertness)
(#$genlAttributes #$Asleep #$Unconscious)
(#$comment #$Asleep "#$Asleep is the #$Alertness attribute of being asleep.  #$Asleep is a specialization of #$Unconscious.  (#$holdsIn (#$YearFn 1776) (#$alertnessLevel RipVanWinkle #$Asleep)).")

;;; #$Assertion
(#$isa #$Assertion #$Collection)
(#$isa #$Assertion #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Assertion #$Individual)
(#$genls #$Assertion #$CycIndexedTerm)
(#$genls #$Assertion #$ComputationalObject)
(#$genls #$Assertion #$AbstractInformation)
(#$comment #$Assertion "A collection of computational objects.  Each instance of #$Assertion is either (1) an assertion reified in the Cyc Knowledge Base (i.e., a formula and its associated datastructure, actually in the Cyc KB), or (2) an Epistemological Level #$CycFormula that can be canonicalized and reified as one or more KB assertions.  #$Assertion is used as an argument type for meta-predicates such as #$overrides.")

;;; #$AstronomicalObject
(#$isa #$AstronomicalObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AstronomicalObject #$InanimateObject-Natural)
(#$genls #$AstronomicalObject #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$AstronomicalObject "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of #$AstronomicalObject is an object of interest to astronomers, which includes the Earth along with other objects in outer space.  Some, but not all, elements of #$AstronomicalObject belong to #$CelestialObject, the collection of heavenly bodies visible from earth.  Examples: #$Polaris-TheStar, the #$Sun, #$PlanetSaturn.")

;;; #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate whose elements represent asymmetric relations.  A predicate F is an element of #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and (F X Y) implies (#$not (F Y X)).  For example, #$northOf, #$children, #$greaterThan, #$overrides.



Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also #$NoteOnArgumentTypingAndPropertiesOfRelations.")

;;; #$Athlete
(#$isa #$Athlete #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Athlete #$Professional)
(#$genls #$Athlete #$Person)
(#$comment #$Athlete "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$Athlete is a person who trains to compete in contests involving physical agility, stamina, or strength.  In the #$JobMt, #$Athlete is a subset of #$Professional (q.v.), and hence in that microtheory represents the collection of professional athletes.")

;;; #$AthleticActivity
(#$isa #$AthleticActivity #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$AthleticActivity #$Exercising)
(#$comment #$AthleticActivity "Any athletic activity, not just sports events.  E.g., spelunking, or going for a jog, or shooting a few hoops.")

;;; #$AtlanticOcean
(#$isa #$AtlanticOcean #$Entity)
(#$isa #$AtlanticOcean #$Ocean)
(#$comment #$AtlanticOcean "The main body of salt water in the #$WesternHemisphere-Region, bordering on five continents (Western coasts of Europe and Africa, Antarctica, Eastern coasts of North and South Americas).")

;;; #$Atom
(#$isa #$Atom #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Atom #$ChemicalObject)
(#$comment #$Atom "A collection of microscopic-scale objects.  Each instance of #$Atom has one atomic nucleus and some number of electrons.  As a default, we assume that an instance of #$Atom has no net charge, i.e., that it has as many instances of #$Electrons as it does of #$Protons in its #$AtomicNucleus; but note there are exceptions, e.g., in the subset #$Ion.")

;;; #$AtomFn
(#$isa #$AtomFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$AtomFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$AtomFn #$Atom)
(#$arg1Isa #$AtomFn #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons)
(#$arg1Genl #$AtomFn #$ElementStuff)
(#$comment #$AtomFn "#$AtomFn is a Cyc function, specifically a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  It may be used to denote any subset of #$Atom which contains all the atoms of a particular element type.  #$AtomFn takes an instance of #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons as its single argument and returns the collection of all atoms of that element.  Thus, for any E which is an #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons, (#$AtomFn E) returns the subset of #$Atom which contains all the atoms of element type E.   Each atom in the collection (#$AtomFn E) has N protons in its atomic nucleus, where N is the #$atomicNumber of the element type E.  For example, (#$AtomFn #$Carbon) is the collection of carbon atoms, each of which has 6 protons in its nucleus.")

;;; #$AtomicNucleus
(#$isa #$AtomicNucleus #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AtomicNucleus #$ChemicalObject)
(#$comment #$AtomicNucleus "A collection of objects; a subset of #$ChemicalObject.  Each instance of #$AtomicNucleus is an object composed of some definite number of instances of #$Proton and some definite number of instances of #$Neutron.  Instances of the collection #$Atom are each composed of one member of #$AtomicNucleus and some number of electrons.")

;;; #$AttemptingFn
(#$isa #$AttemptingFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$AttemptingFn #$ScriptType)
(#$resultGenl #$AttemptingFn #$PurposefulAction)
(#$arg1Isa #$AttemptingFn #$ScriptType)
(#$arg1Isa #$AttemptingFn #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$arg1Genl #$AttemptingFn #$Action)
(#$comment #$AttemptingFn "(#$AttemptingFn ACTION-TYPE) maps from the collection ACTION-TYPE (a subset of #$Action) to a collection of attempts to perform ACTION-TYPE.  Thus the result of (#$AttemptingFn #$Speaking) would be the collection of attempts at speaking, both those attempts which are successes (thus resulting in actual #$Speakings), and those which are failures.  #$AttemptingFn operates on the #$Collection level, and is used to talk about kinds of attempts that can occur.  To talk about the specific attempt that brought about an event which actually occurred, use #$SuccessfulAttemptFn.")

;;; #$AttributeType
(#$isa #$AttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$AttributeType #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$AttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$AttributeType is a collection of attributes.  Each element of #$AttributeType is a subset of #$AttributeValue (q.v.).  Examples include #$SensoryAttribute, #$BodyPartPosition, #$OrientationAttribute, #$SecurityClearanceLevel, #$ComputerVideoResolution, #$TorqueVector, and many more.")

;;; #$AttributeValue
(#$isa #$AttributeValue #$AttributeType)
(#$isa #$AttributeValue #$Collection)
(#$genls #$AttributeValue #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$AttributeValue #$Individual)
(#$comment #$AttributeValue "The set of all attributes represented in Cyc. #$AttributeValue includes quantities, such as 5 inches (i.e., (#$Inch 5)) or 1000 dollars per year (i.e., (#$DollarsPerYear 1000)), as well as qualities like #$Hilly, #$Rough, #$DeviceOn, etc., which can be used to make assertions about the state of some tangible object.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$AttributeValue #$SENSUS-Information1997 "QUALITY")

;;; #$AudibleSound
(#$isa #$AudibleSound #$WavePropagationType)
(#$genls #$AudibleSound #$Sound)
(#$comment #$AudibleSound "A collection of events; a subset of #$Sound.  Each element of #$AudibleSound is a sound within the #$Frequency range of human hearing.")

;;; #$AudioCommunicating
(#$isa #$AudioCommunicating #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$AudioCommunicating #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$AudioCommunicating #$Communicating)
(#$comment #$AudioCommunicating "A collection of information transfer events; a subset of #$Communicating.  Each element of #$AudioCommunicating is a transmission of sound-borne information between two (or more) agents; e.g., talking, clapping, or performing music.")

;;; #$August
(#$isa #$August #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$August #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$AuthorizedAgreement
(#$isa #$AuthorizedAgreement #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AuthorizedAgreement #$Agreement)
(#$comment #$AuthorizedAgreement "The collection of generic agreements that are authorized by one of the agreeing parties (typically by the issuer of the document embodying the agreement).  #$AuthorizedAgreements are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an #$AuthorizedAgreement is typically given a unique identification number.  Examples: bank accounts, driver's licenses, stock certificates.")

;;; #$AutoDealership
(#$isa #$AutoDealership #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$AutoDealership #$RetailStore)
(#$genls #$AutoDealership #$LocalCustomerContactPoint)
(#$genls #$AutoDealership #$Business)
(#$comment #$AutoDealership "Each instance is an establishment (an organization located at one site) that sells automobiles and other types of road vehicles to consumers.")

;;; #$Automobile
(#$isa #$Automobile #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Automobile #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Automobile #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject)
(#$genls #$Automobile #$RoadVehicle)
(#$genls #$Automobile #$ContactLocation)
(#$comment #$Automobile "A collection of transportation devices -- those commonly known as `passenger cars.'  An instance of #$Automobile is an element of #$RoadVehicle which was designed for carrying about 4 passengers (give or take a factor of 2).  In addition to midsize cars, #$Automobile includes elements belonging to the subsets #$SportsCar and #$Van.  This collection does NOT include motorcycles, pickups, buses, tractors, etc.")

;;; #$Awake
(#$isa #$Awake #$Alertness)
(#$comment #$Awake "#$Awake is the #$Alertness attribute of being awake.")

;;; #$AxisFn
(#$isa #$AxisFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$AxisFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$AxisFn #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject)
(#$arg1Isa #$AxisFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$arg2Isa #$AxisFn #$RegionType)
(#$arg2Genl #$AxisFn #$Side)
(#$arg3Isa #$AxisFn #$RegionType)
(#$arg3Genl #$AxisFn #$Side)
(#$comment #$AxisFn "(#$AxisFn OBJ REGIONTYP REGIONTYP) is a function that, applied to an individual object OBJ and two types of region of such an object, returns the axis through the object, determined by running the axis through the individual regions (of those types) of the object.  Thus #$AxisFn is an  #$IndividualDenotingFunction that returns a particular axis of an individual object. (#$AxisFn OBJ FROM-SIDE TO-SIDE) denotes a directional axis, pointing from FROM-SIDE to TO-SIDE of OBJ and extending through it. For example, (#$AxisFn `Chair37' #$BackSide #$FrontSide) would denote the back-to-front axis of Chair37. See also #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject.")

;;; #$BackSide
(#$isa #$BackSide #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$BackSide #$Side)
(#$comment #$BackSide "The collection of all the entire back sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces in the backwards direction.")

;;; #$Baked
(#$isa #$Baked #$PreparationAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Baked #$Cooked)
(#$comment #$Baked "The attribute #$Baked is a specialized form of #$Cooked.  Food that is #$Baked has been prepared in an event of #$BakingFood, using a $#RegularOven.")

;;; #$BakingFood
(#$isa #$BakingFood #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BakingFood #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BakingFood #$CookingFood)
(#$comment #$BakingFood "A collection of events in which food is baked in a #$RegularOven.  After an event of #$BakingFood, the food involved has been #$Baked.")

;;; #$BalconyLevelInAConstruction
(#$isa #$BalconyLevelInAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BalconyLevelInAConstruction #$ContainerProduct)
(#$genls #$BalconyLevelInAConstruction #$LevelOfAConstruction)
(#$comment #$BalconyLevelInAConstruction "This refers to those overhanging levels or balconies found in some churches, theatres, etc.  They ARE NOT the kind of balcony that protrude from a window or from an already existing level.  These levels are often a third the size of the floor or level below them, and therefore can be called legitimate levels themselves.  They usually contain a mob of seats.")

;;; #$Bangladesh
(#$isa #$Bangladesh #$IndependentCountry)
(#$isa #$Bangladesh #$Entity)

;;; #$BankDebitCard
(#$isa #$BankDebitCard #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BankDebitCard #$Card)
(#$genls #$BankDebitCard #$TenderObject)
(#$genls #$BankDebitCard #$IDDocument)
(#$genls #$BankDebitCard #$OfficialDocument)
(#$comment #$BankDebitCard "A collection of official `documents'.  Each element of #$BankDebitCard is a plastic card that enables the holder to access the account with which the card is associated; typically used to withdraw funds from the account.  Cf. #$CreditCard.")

;;; #$Bartering
(#$isa #$Bartering #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Bartering #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Bartering #$ExchangeOfUserRights)
(#$genls #$Bartering #$Transaction)
(#$comment #$Bartering "The collection of transactions between two #$Agents in which one #$Agent gives items or services to another #$Agent, and the other #$Agent gives items or services in return, and neither of the items or services is money, credit, or payment of money.")

;;; #$BaseKB
(#$isa #$BaseKB #$BroadMicrotheory)
(#$genlMt #$BaseKB #$BaseKB)
(#$comment #$BaseKB "#$BaseKB is the most general #$Microtheory currently in use.  Assertions in this context are `accessible' from any other #$Microtheory via the #$genlMt relation.  In the partial order of microtheories, all microtheories have access to #$BaseKB.  An assertion which is true here will by default be true in every context.  The `content' of #$BaseKB consists of very general assertions which are expected to be usable in most or all applications of Cyc, as well as Cyc's most fundamental assertions that it uses in inference, and all completely universal, timeless truths.")

;;; #$BasementLevelInAConstruction
(#$isa #$BasementLevelInAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BasementLevelInAConstruction #$LevelOfAConstruction)
(#$comment #$BasementLevelInAConstruction "Any level of a building which is underground.")

;;; #$Battle
(#$isa #$Battle #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Battle #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Battle #$HostileSocialAction)
(#$comment #$Battle "The collection of events in which two or more large groups of #$Persons meet and fight one another, each group seeking to vanquish (some of) the others.  #$Battles are often conducted by #$MilitaryOrganizations, and they may influence the outcomes of #$WagingWar.  A #$Battle will have as #$subEvents at least two #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent events, in which one of the fighting groups attacks the other.")

;;; #$BeliefSystem
(#$isa #$BeliefSystem #$BeliefSystemType)
(#$genls #$BeliefSystem #$MentalObject)
(#$comment #$BeliefSystem "The collection of ideologies (systems of belief) in terms of which an agent characterizes (i.e., makes sense of) their world.  Elements of this set include: #$VegetarianBeliefs, #$GermanNaziIdeology, #$RepublicanIdeology, #$CommunistIdeology, #$PacifistIdeology, #$Atheism, etc. See also #$ConventionalClassificationSystem.")

;;; #$BeliefSystemType
(#$isa #$BeliefSystemType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$BeliefSystemType #$StuffType)
(#$comment #$BeliefSystemType "The collection of all the kinds of #$BeliefSystems: religious, philosophical, political, ethical, cultural, and scientific.  Some elements of this collection include #$Religion, #$PhilosophyBeliefs, etc.  The most general member of this set is #$BeliefSystems (qv).")

;;; #$Bendable
(#$isa #$Bendable #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Bendable #$Flexible)
(#$comment #$Bendable "A physical attribute.  #$Bendable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of an object that tends to stay in the contorted shape when contorted.  Note: for something to be bendable, it must be #$Flexible.")

;;; #$BengaliLanguage
(#$isa #$BengaliLanguage #$LivingLanguage)
(#$comment #$BengaliLanguage "Language spoken in the Indic area.")

;;; #$Bicycle
(#$isa #$Bicycle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Bicycle #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$Bicycle #$Device-UserPowered)
(#$comment #$Bicycle "The collection of all bicycles, personal wheeled transport devices powered by human peddling.   Most Bicycles have two main wheels arranged in-line, but some tandem bicycles have more than two wheels.")

;;; #$BilaterallySymmetricObject
(#$isa #$BilaterallySymmetricObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BilaterallySymmetricObject #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$BilaterallySymmetricObject "The collection of objects which are symmetric on both sides of a bisecting axis, as are most vertebrates.")

;;; #$Bill-PaymentRequest
(#$isa #$Bill-PaymentRequest #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Bill-PaymentRequest #$OfficialDocument)
(#$genls #$Bill-PaymentRequest #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject)
(#$genls #$Bill-PaymentRequest #$TextualMaterial)
(#$comment #$Bill-PaymentRequest "A collection of documents.  Each element of #$Bill-PaymentRequest is a notification, demand, or request made by a creditor (or its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt previously incurred for some loan, goods, or services.  Examples: telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills, cleaning bills, fuel bills.")

;;; #$BillingLocation
(#$isa #$BillingLocation #$ContactLocationType)
(#$genls #$BillingLocation #$MailingLocation)
(#$comment #$BillingLocation "A collection of places; a subset of #$ContactLocation.  Each element of #$BillingLocation is a location to which invoices are sent.  For most private individuals, their billing location is their home address.")

;;; #$BinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$BinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$BinaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$BinaryPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$BinaryPredicate "#$BinaryPredicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take two arguments.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$BinaryPredicate #$SENSUS-Information1997 "TWO-PLACE-RELATION")

;;; #$BioDeteriorationResistance
(#$isa #$BioDeteriorationResistance #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$BioDeteriorationResistance #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$BioDeteriorationResistance #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$BioDeteriorationResistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$BioDeteriorationResistance represents a specific capacity of a tangible object to resist biological deterioration.  Degrees of #$BioDeteriorationResistance may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions.  Indicate a particular object's #$BioDeteriorationResistance with the predicate #$resistanceToBioDeterioration.")

;;; #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent)
(#$genls #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent #$BiologicalDestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent "A collection of events.  Each #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent involve the destruction of larger molecules.  E.g., the degradation of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which releases energy used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).")

;;; #$BiologicalClass
(#$isa #$BiologicalClass #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalClass #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalClass "The collection of taxonomic subdivisions directly under #$BiologicalPhylum (for animals and for the animal-like organisms in the #$ProtistaKingdom), or #$BiologicalDivision (for the plants and for the plant-like organisms within the #$ProtistaKingdom).")

;;; #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent #$BiologicalDestructionEvent)
(#$genls #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent #$DecompositionEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent, some living structures are decomposed.")

;;; #$BiologicalDestructionEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalDestructionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalDestructionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalDestructionEvent #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$genls #$BiologicalDestructionEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalDestructionEvent "A collection of events.  In each element of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent, something is destroyed by some element(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject.  For example, #$DigestingInStomach is a subset of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent.")

;;; #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent "A collection of events, and a subset of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvents.  In each #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, one or more living things undergo biological changes in which they progress from one developmental stage to another.  For example, the germination of a seed, the opening of a flower, the pupating of a caterpillar, a teenager reaching puberty.  Some borderline non-examples include: Groucho Marx being born, Groucho Marx dying.")

;;; #$BiologicalDivision
(#$isa #$BiologicalDivision #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalDivision #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalDivision "The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of #$BiologicalKingdom (or #$BiologicalSubkingdom) for the members of the #$MoneraKingdom (i.e., prokaryotes), #$Fungus Kingdom, #$Plant Kingdom, and for the plant-like organisms within the #$ProtistaKingdom.  In the #$Animal Kingdom, however, the main taxonomic subdivisions are elements of #$BiologicalPhylum (q.v.) rather than #$BiologicalDivision.")

;;; #$BiologicalEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalEvent #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalEvent "An event in which a biological thing is a #$bodilyDoer.")

;;; #$BiologicalFamily
(#$isa #$BiologicalFamily #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalFamily #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalFamily "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalOrder and above #$BiologicalGenus.  Especially important in Botanical classification.")

;;; #$BiologicalGenus
(#$isa #$BiologicalGenus #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalGenus #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalGenus "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalFamily and above #$BiologicalSpecies.  Sometimes, hybrids are possible between different instances of #$BiologicalSpecies that belong to the same #$BiologicalGenus.")

;;; #$BiologicalIntakeEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$BiologicalTransportationEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalIntakeEvent "A collection of processes.  In each element of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, some object(s) are taken into some living structure.")

;;; #$BiologicalKingdom
(#$isa #$BiologicalKingdom #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalKingdom #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalKingdom "The collection of the highest, most general taxonomic divisions of organisms.  Traditionally, it has included the elements of #$Animal and of #$Plant and may include separate kingdoms for the elements of #$ProkaryoticCell, single-celled eukaryotes (protists), and fungi.")

;;; #$BiologicalLivingObject
(#$isa #$BiologicalLivingObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalLivingObject #$OrganicStuff)
(#$genls #$BiologicalLivingObject #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject)
(#$comment #$BiologicalLivingObject "A collection of all structures that are composed of one or more living cells (see #$Cell).  Biological living objects (BLOs) may be either elements of #$Organism-Whole (like dogs or pine trees) or are components of such whole organisms (like noses, tails, and pine needles).  The healthy leg of a living person is a BLO (as is the person), but an amputated leg is not a BLO.  Every element of #$BiologicalLivingObject is either capable of biological reproduction itself or has components which are capable of biological reproduction (such as the cells in a living arm).")

;;; #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalMetabolismEvent "The collection of biological processes in which substrates are converted into metabolites.  The metabolites may be more or less complex than the substrates.")

;;; #$BiologicalOrder
(#$isa #$BiologicalOrder #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalOrder #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalOrder "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalClass (or #$BiologicalSubclass) and above #$BiologicalFamily.")

;;; #$BiologicalPhylum
(#$isa #$BiologicalPhylum #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalPhylum #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalPhylum "The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of #$BiologicalKingdom (or #$BiologicalSubkingdom if present) for the #$Animal kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the #$ProtistaKingdom.  The other elements of #$BiologicalKingdom have divisions belonging to #$BiologicalDivision instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum).")

;;; #$BiologicalProductionEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalProductionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalProductionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalProductionEvent #$CreationEvent)
(#$genls #$BiologicalProductionEvent #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalProductionEvent "A collection of events.  In each element of #$BiologicalProductionEvent, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and some element(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject is the producer.  E.g., the production of honey by honeybees, the growth of a seedling into a tree, the secretion of sweat by a marathon runner, etc.  

Note:  This is a very general collection, and for most purposes one of its subsets will better capture what is intended.")

;;; #$BiologicalReproductionEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalReproductionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalReproductionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalReproductionEvent #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$genls #$BiologicalReproductionEvent #$BiologicalProductionEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalReproductionEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent is an event in which one or more biological organisms (the #$parentActors) produce new organisms (the #$offspringActors) generally of the same kind as the parents.")

;;; #$BiologicalSpecies
(#$isa #$BiologicalSpecies #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalSpecies #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalSpecies "A collection of the lowest taxons (#$BiologicalTaxon, q.v.) that are necessarily common to both parents of fertile offspring, or, in the case of asexual reproduction, necessarily common to parent and child.  Members of different species cannot produce fertile offspring by interbreeding.  An element of #$BiologicalSpecies has members who all have significant traits in common, and members of each biological species have other members as parents.  In biological taxonomy, related species are grouped into a particular element of #$BiologicalGenus (q.v.).")

;;; #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment
(#$isa #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment "The collection of all the particular stages of existence of all living things.  Each element of #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment is a spatiotemporal portion of the life of some instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject.  Typical cases (i.e., subsets) include #$Larva, #$Pupa, #$AdultAnimal, etc.  For example, the pupal stage of a particular Monarch butterfly, or my American Beauty rose bush during the stage when it was blooming last year, or Teddy Roosevelt during his 13th year.  See also the related Cyc predicates #$developmentalSuccessor and #$developmentalStages.



")

;;; #$BiologicalSubclass
(#$isa #$BiologicalSubclass #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalSubclass #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalSubclass "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions more specific than #$BiologicalClass but more general than #$BiologicalOrder.")

;;; #$BiologicalSubkingdom
(#$isa #$BiologicalSubkingdom #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalSubkingdom #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$comment #$BiologicalSubkingdom "The collection of biological subkingdoms, the biological taxonomic divisions of organisms immediately below #$BiologicalKingdom.")

;;; #$BiologicalTaxon
(#$isa #$BiologicalTaxon #$BiologicalTaxonType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalTaxon #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalTaxon #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$comment #$BiologicalTaxon "The collection of ranked categories accepted by biologists for the biological classification of organisms according to their suspected evolutionary relationships.  Includes all levels of taxons.  See also #$BiologicalTaxonType and #$OrganismClassificationType.")

;;; #$BiologicalTaxonType
(#$isa #$BiologicalTaxonType #$DisjointSetOrCollection)
(#$isa #$BiologicalTaxonType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$BiologicalTaxonType #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalTaxonType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$comment #$BiologicalTaxonType "A collection of collections; #$BiologicalTaxonType contains the classes of organism types (i.e., taxons) that biologists recognize, including #$BiologicalSpecies, #$BiologicalPhylum, etc.   The naive classes that non-biologists use may be instances of some element of #$BiologicalTaxonType, though often they are not.  When they coincide, the commonsense class of organism (e.g., #$Person) is an instance of some #$BiologicalTaxonType (#$BiologicalSpecies, for example).  See also #$OrganismClassificationType.")

;;; #$BiologicalTransportationEvent
(#$isa #$BiologicalTransportationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BiologicalTransportationEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BiologicalTransportationEvent #$TransportationEvent)
(#$genls #$BiologicalTransportationEvent #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$comment #$BiologicalTransportationEvent "The collection of processes involving living structures in which objects are transported.")

;;; #$Bird
(#$isa #$Bird #$BiologicalClass)
(#$genls #$Bird #$Vertebrate)
(#$genls #$Bird #$NonPersonAnimal)
(#$genls #$Bird #$TerrestrialOrganism)
(#$comment #$Bird "The collection of birds; a subset of #$Vertebrate.  Each element of #$Bird is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal, covered with feathers, having forelimbs modified as wings and a beak rather than teeth.  Members of most, but not all, species of bird can fly.  #$Bird is an instance of #$BiologicalClass.")

;;; #$BirthEvent
(#$isa #$BirthEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$BirthEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$BirthEvent #$MedicalCareEvent)
(#$genls #$BirthEvent #$EmittingAnObject)
(#$genls #$BirthEvent #$PregnancyEndingEvent)
(#$genls #$BirthEvent #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent)
(#$comment #$BirthEvent "The collection of events in which one animal (prototypically, a #$Mammal) gives birth to another.  The mother is the #$birthParent and the child is the #$birthChild.  Both are #$objectOfStateChange; the mother goes from being pregnant to not pregnant, while the child goes from the #$Embryo life stage to the #$JuvenileAnimal life stage (see #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment.")

;;; #$BlimpTheAirship
(#$isa #$BlimpTheAirship #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$BlimpTheAirship #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BlimpTheAirship #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$BlimpTheAirship #$AirTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$BlimpTheAirship #$ContainerProduct)
(#$comment #$BlimpTheAirship "The collection of all dirigible, motorized, lighter-than-air craft (airships).  Each generally consists of a gas-filled gas-sack from which a control and passenger cabin hangs (the gas-sack may or may not have rigid reinforcement such as ribs).  A BlimpTheAirship flies more slowly than an #$Airplane.  They are also called blimps, dirigibles and Zeppelins.")

;;; #$BlueCollar
(#$isa #$BlueCollar #$JobAttribute)
(#$comment #$BlueCollar "An attribute; an element of #$JobAttribute.  Blue collar jobs are those requiring a relatively high proportion of manual/physical labor.")

;;; #$BlueCollarWorker
(#$isa #$BlueCollarWorker #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$BlueCollarWorker #$Professional)
(#$comment #$BlueCollarWorker "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$BlueCollarWorker is a person whose occupation is manual-labor intensive, sometimes demanding physical strength and, in some jobs, considerable skill, practical judgment, and work experience.  Types of blue-collar workers include miners, truck drivers, steelworkers, construction workers, agricultural workers, laborers, mechanics, garbage collectors, assembly line workers, janitorial workers, etc.  Their jobs may require some specialized training or apprenticeship but don't require a college degree.")

;;; #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice
(#$isa #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice #$ContainerProduct)
(#$genls #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice #$WaterTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice "A collection of water transportation devices.  An instance of #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice is a device for transporting people and/or objects through or over water without getting them wet; thus, instances of #$Rowboat or #$Ship (as opposed to #$JetSki or #$Surfboard or #$Sailboard).")

;;; #$BodilyFunctionEvent
(#$isa #$BodilyFunctionEvent #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$BodilyFunctionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BodilyFunctionEvent #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$genls #$BodilyFunctionEvent #$PhysiologicalProcess)
(#$genls #$BodilyFunctionEvent #$AnimalActivity)
(#$comment #$BodilyFunctionEvent "The collection of animal activities that are regular bodily functions; examples include: a particular eating event, a particular breathing event, etc.")

;;; #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
(#$isa #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary #$BodilyFunctionEvent)
(#$comment #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary "This is the subset of #$BodilyFunctionEvent whose elements are actions in which the `doer' is, by definition, a #$nonDeliberateActors.  Specializations (subsets) of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary include #$HavingASeizure, #$Blushing, #$Bleeding, #$ExperiencingHunger, etc.
Note: if the `doer' of an involuntary bodily function is an #$Organism-Whole, then use #$bodilyDoer to describe its role in the event.")

;;; #$BodyMovementEvent
(#$isa #$BodyMovementEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$BodyMovementEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$BodyMovementEvent #$AnimalActivity)
(#$genls #$BodyMovementEvent #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$genls #$BodyMovementEvent #$MovementEvent)
(#$comment #$BodyMovementEvent "The collection of activities in which an #$Animal agent moves a part of its own body, whether consciously and intentionally or reflexively.  #$BodyMovementEvent includes subsets such as #$TakingAStep, #$BlockingAPunch, #$Hiccoughing, and #$BlinkingOnesEyes.")

;;; #$BodyOfWater
(#$isa #$BodyOfWater #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BodyOfWater 
  (#$LiquidFn #$Water))
(#$genls #$BodyOfWater #$TopographicalFeature)
(#$genls #$BodyOfWater #$OutdoorLocation)
(#$comment #$BodyOfWater "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of #$BodyOfWater is a natural or artificial body of water.  Elements may belong to specialized subsets such as #$Lake, #$Stream, and #$Ocean. #$BodyOfWater includes reservoirs, #$Canals, and navigation channels that are developed and/or enlarged by humans.  However, it does not include smaller purely-artificial bodies of water such as #$SwimmingPools or tanks of water.  Examples of #$BodyOfWater: #$HudsonBay, #$PanamaCanal, #$AdriaticSea, #$BayOfBengal, #$NiagaraFalls.")

;;; #$BodyPartCollectionFn
(#$isa #$BodyPartCollectionFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$BodyPartCollectionFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$BodyPartCollectionFn #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$arg1Isa #$BodyPartCollectionFn #$Animal)
(#$arg2Isa #$BodyPartCollectionFn #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$arg2Genl #$BodyPartCollectionFn #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$BodyPartCollectionFn "#$BodyPartCollectionFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction, that is, it is a Cyc function which `returns' (i.e., `has') a collection as its value.  Here is an example of what it does.  The expression (#$BodyPartCollectionFn #$AbrahamLincoln #$Fingernail) returns, as its value, a collection of ten elements, each of which represents one of the fingernails of Abraham Lincoln.  In cases where an animal is likely to only have one part of that type (e.g., head, heart, nose, nervous system), it makes more sense to use the function #$BodyPartFn (qv), rather than using this one, getting a singleton set back, and extracting its lone element.")

;;; #$BodyPartFn
(#$isa #$BodyPartFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$BodyPartFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$BodyPartFn #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$arg1Isa #$BodyPartFn #$Animal)
(#$arg2Isa #$BodyPartFn #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$arg2Isa #$BodyPartFn #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$arg2Genl #$BodyPartFn #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$BodyPartFn "#$BodyPartFn is an #$IndividualDenotingFunction, that is, it is a Cyc function which `returns' (i.e., `has') a single individual object as its value.  (#$BodyPartFn DeborahNichols #$Heart) represent's Deborah's one and only heart.  That nonatomic term can be used almost anywhere that the term DeborahNicholsHeart could have been used, but this way we needn't reify that other term, and so on.  Note that the second argument to this function --- i.e., the  #$AnimalBodyPartType --- must be a #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType, that is, a kind of part of which an animal can have only one.  If an animal can have multiple parts of that type, such as #$Finger, then use the function #$BodyPartCollectionFn instead of #$BodyPartFn.")

;;; #$BodyPartPosition
(#$isa #$BodyPartPosition #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$BodyPartPosition #$PhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$BodyPartPosition "The collection of attributes describing the position of a body part (or a whole body).  A #$BodyPartPosition may be determined relative to the body's environment (as with #$Postures) or merely with respect to the body part itself (e.g., #$Flexed, #$Extended).")

;;; #$Boiling
(#$isa #$Boiling #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Boiling #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Boiling #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent)
(#$comment #$Boiling "A collection of events.  In each #$Boiling, a piece of liquid matter is raised to its #$boilingPoint and is thereby changed from being in the #$LiquidStateOfMatter to being in the #$GaseousStateOfMatter.
Note:  this is not intended to cover the cases of heat/evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.")

;;; #$Book
(#$isa #$Book #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Book #$PublishedMaterial)
(#$comment #$Book "A form of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject consisting of folded, cut, bound, and usually printed sheets.  #$Books are often #$TextualMaterial, but sometimes contain only images.")

;;; #$BookkeepingMt
(#$isa #$BookkeepingMt #$Microtheory)
(#$genlMt #$BookkeepingMt #$CyclistsMt)
(#$genlMt #$BookkeepingMt #$BaseKB)
(#$comment #$BookkeepingMt "A #$Microtheory for stating basic #$Cyc bookkeeping information, such as assertions using #$myCreator and #$myCreationTime.")

;;; #$BookkeepingPredicate
(#$isa #$BookkeepingPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$BookkeepingPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$BookkeepingPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$BookkeepingPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$BookkeepingPredicate is a predicate used to form assertions about the creation and internal representation of a Cyc constant.  Bookkeeping predicates neither specify nor constrain the semantics of Cyc constants.  Examples:  #$myCreator, #$myCreationTime, #$termOfUnit, #$multiplicationUnits, #$quotientUnits.")

;;; #$Border
(#$isa #$Border #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Border #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$Border "The collection of all lines, linear regions, or dividing planes or surfaces--physical or abstract--that each constitutes the boundary between (#$formsBorderBetween) two regions (i.e., two elements of #$SpatialThing).")

;;; #$BorderBetweenFn
(#$isa #$BorderBetweenFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$BorderBetweenFn #$CommutativeRelation)
(#$isa #$BorderBetweenFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$BorderBetweenFn #$Line)
(#$resultIsa #$BorderBetweenFn #$Border)
(#$arg1Isa #$BorderBetweenFn #$GeographicalRegion)
(#$arg2Isa #$BorderBetweenFn #$GeographicalRegion)
(#$comment #$BorderBetweenFn "(#$BorderBetweenFn REG1 REG2), applied to two individual #$GeographicalRegions REG1 REG2, returns the unique entire #$GeopoliticalBorder that separates them.   To identify arbitrarily large or small segments of borders see #$formsBorderPart.  The border returned by #$BorderBetweenFn may be discontinuous (such the border between France and Spain, interrupted by Andorra), or circular (such as the border between Italy and San Marino), or in abnormal cases it may even have multiple disconnected and nested cyclic fragments (the border between Belgium and Netherlands, due to the Baarle-Nassau and Baarle-Hartog enclaves), or move back and forth periodically (such as at the Isle des Faisans).  Nonetheless, (#$BorderBetweenFn REG1 REG2) must denote exactly one object since #$BorderBetweenFn is a function.  Reference to nonexistant borders such (#$BorderBetweenFn #$Albania #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica) should cause Cyc to realize that they are undefined.  For example, if Cyc concludes that (#$bordersOn #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica #$Albania) is not true, then it should conclude (#$undefined (#$BorderBetweenFn #$Albania #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica)).
 ")

;;; #$Boredom
(#$isa #$Boredom #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Boredom #$Apathy)
(#$genls #$Boredom #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Boredom "A state of dissatisfaction, weariness, or restlessness accompanied by a lack of interest.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  A related #$FeelingAttributeType is #$Apathy.")

;;; #$BorrowingSomething
(#$isa #$BorrowingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BorrowingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BorrowingSomething #$TransferringPossession)
(#$genls #$BorrowingSomething #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights)
(#$comment #$BorrowingSomething "A collection of events; a subset of #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights.  In an instance of #$BorrowingSomething, an #$Agent takes temporary control of something, usually with the permission of its owner(s).  Generally, the lending agent expects the borrowing agent to use the object for one of its normal functions (#$intendedBehaviorCapable).")

;;; #$BotanicalOrgan
(#$isa #$BotanicalOrgan #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$BotanicalOrgan #$PlantPart)
(#$comment #$BotanicalOrgan "A subset of #$PlantPart, the collection #$BotanicalOrgan includes parts of a plant which are major morphological and functional divisions of individual plants, typically consisting of stems, flowers, roots, leaves, etc.")

;;; #$BottomSide
(#$isa #$BottomSide #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$BottomSide #$Side)
(#$comment #$BottomSide "The collection of all the entire bottom sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces down.")

;;; #$Brain
(#$isa #$Brain #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$isa #$Brain #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Brain #$Organ)
(#$comment #$Brain "The collection of all #$Animal brains.  An individual #$Brain is an #$Organ which controls most bodily movement, recieves sensory input from the body and objects outside the body, and in which the mind operates, being the locus for all #$MentalObjects.")

;;; #$Brazil
(#$isa #$Brazil #$IndependentCountry)
(#$isa #$Brazil #$Entity)
(#$comment #$Brazil "Brazil throughout time, both political and physical aspects.")

;;; #$Breathing
(#$isa #$Breathing #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Breathing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Breathing #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$genls #$Breathing #$AirRespiration)
(#$comment #$Breathing "A collection of activities constituting a natural #$PhysiologicalFunction; #$Breathing is the collection of #$AirRespiration events in which the respiring organism takes air into its internal #$Lungs, where the gas exchange occurs.  See also #$Respiration.")

;;; #$Brittle
(#$isa #$Brittle #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$Brittle "A physical attribute.  #$Brittle is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of a substance which breaks easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of #$Glass.")

;;; #$BroadMicrotheory
(#$isa #$BroadMicrotheory #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$isa #$BroadMicrotheory #$Collection)
(#$genls #$BroadMicrotheory #$Microtheory)
(#$comment #$BroadMicrotheory "The collection of those microtheories that contain so many assertions that they are not useful for `relevance' focusing during inference.  (A #$BroadMicrotheory is not used internally in Cyc's indexing scheme during inference.)  Examples: #$BaseKB and #$EnglishMt.")

;;; #$Building
(#$isa #$Building #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$Building #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$Building #$FixedStructure)
(#$genls #$Building #$HumanShelterConstruction)
(#$genls #$Building #$RealEstate)
(#$comment #$Building "A collection of artifacts; a subset of #$FixedStructure and of #$HumanShelterConstruction.  An instance of #$Building is typically a substantial structure and must have walls and a roof, with rooms inside or at least some area designed to be occupied by humans (but not necessarily as a residence).  Examples include the Empire State Building, Michael Jackson's house in L.A., King Arthur's castle, an #$AircraftHangar at O'Hare, a #$Lighthouse in the Mediterranean sea, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC, etc.")

;;; #$BuildingMaterial
(#$isa #$BuildingMaterial #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$isa #$BuildingMaterial #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$BuildingMaterial #$Artifact)
(#$comment #$BuildingMaterial "A collection of tangible things.  An instance of #$BuildingMaterial is a material thing typically used in making new structures.  Instances of #$BuildingMaterial include a piece of lumber, a brick, a slab of concrete, a roof shingle, a copper nail, a double-paned storm window, etc.")

;;; #$Bus-RoadVehicle
(#$isa #$Bus-RoadVehicle #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Bus-RoadVehicle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Bus-RoadVehicle #$RoadVehicle)
(#$comment #$Bus-RoadVehicle "The collection of all buses, transport vehicles for ground transportation of many (they have room for at least 10, probably fewer than 60) people.  A bus usually is driven by a professional bus driver.")

;;; #$Bush
(#$isa #$Bush #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Bush #$Plant-Woody)
(#$comment #$Bush "A collection of plants; a subset of #$Plant-Woody.  The collection #$Bush includes all bushes, i.e., woody plants of branching growth habit that lack substantial trunks and are not usually taller than a person (and they are shorter than most specimens of #$Tree-ThePlant).   This is a commonsense collection without distinct boundaries.")

;;; #$Business
(#$isa #$Business #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Business #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$comment #$Business "The collection of #$Organizations intended to make profits, i.e., make money for agents that own them.  All #$Businesses are #$CommercialOrganizations (they must buy or sell something), but not all #$CommercialOrganizations are #$Businesses.  In a franchise #$Organization, the #$parentCompany is regarded as a #$Business, while the #$subOrganizations are merely instances of #$CommercialOrganization.  #$Businesses are typically #$LegalAgents, while #$CommercialOrganizations need not be.")

;;; #$BusinessEvent
(#$isa #$BusinessEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BusinessEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BusinessEvent #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$comment #$BusinessEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$BusinessEvent is an intentional occurrence that is closely associated with, and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of some agent.  Examples include: the development of General Motors' business plan for 1996; an individual sales call on a particular customer; printing the 1996 Yellow Pages directory for the Austin, TX, area; selling a newspaper; designing and manufacturing a new memory chip.  #$BusinessEvent does NOT include purely social or recreational occurrences.")

;;; #$BusinessPerson
(#$isa #$BusinessPerson #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$BusinessPerson #$Professional)
(#$comment #$BusinessPerson "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional. Each element of #$BusinessPerson is a person whose occupation is primarily in the ownership and/or operation of a business.")

;;; #$BusinessRelationshipActivity
(#$isa #$BusinessRelationshipActivity #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$BusinessRelationshipActivity #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$BusinessRelationshipActivity #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$genls #$BusinessRelationshipActivity #$BusinessEvent)
(#$comment #$BusinessRelationshipActivity "A collection of events; a subset of both #$BusinessEvent and #$SocialOccurrence.  Each instance of #$BusinessRelationshipActivity is a (usually long-term) social activity whose participants are related by some business relationship.  The social events constituting a #$BusinessRelationshipActivity further, either directly or indirectly, the (usually mutual) business interests of the participants.  A #$BusinessRelationshipActivity is typically carried out over multiple social occasions and may consist of many #$subEvents.")

;;; #$Buying
(#$isa #$Buying #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$Buying #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Buying #$BuyingActivity)
(#$genls #$Buying #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights)
(#$comment #$Buying "A collection of events.  Each element of #$Buying is an event in which an agent voluntarily pays to acquire something tangible or intangible, or for the performance of a service.  Payment may be in money or other exchange of wealth.  Elements of #$Buying may include #$subEvents of negotiation, the act of paying, and the transfer of the purchased thing to the buyer.  Examples of #$Buying include: purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring a personal life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering clothes from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market.")

;;; #$BuyingActivity
(#$isa #$BuyingActivity #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$BuyingActivity #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$BuyingActivity #$CommercialActivity)
(#$comment #$BuyingActivity "A collection of events.  #$BuyingActivity very generally includes events related to purchasing goods or services.  Each element of #$BuyingActivity is an event that is either (i) a common prelude to buying (i.e., the kinds of activities that contribute to their doers becoming buyers), or (ii) an element of #$Buying itself.  Examples of #$BuyingActivity include shopping for, or ordering, something very specific, and also general expressions of interest in purchasing something, such as placing an `Item Wanted' ad in a newspaper.")

;;; #$CGSUnitOfMeasure
(#$isa #$CGSUnitOfMeasure #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$CGSUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$CGSUnitOfMeasure "A subset of #$UnitOfMeasure.  #$CGSUnitOfMeasure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the CGS (i.e., centimeter-gram-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities.  Examples: #$CentimetersPerSecond, #$CubicCentimeter, #$Gram, #$SecondsDuration.")

;;; #$CalendarAutumn
(#$isa #$CalendarAutumn #$CalendarSeasonType)
(#$genls #$CalendarAutumn #$CalendarSeason)
(#$comment #$CalendarAutumn "The calendar season that begins at autumnal equinox and runs until winter solstice.")

;;; #$CalendarCentury
(#$isa #$CalendarCentury #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarCentury #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$CalendarCentury "The collection of centuries that make up the calendar (1900's, 1700's etc.)  An example of such a constant in Cyc is #$TheNineteenthCenturyAD ")

;;; #$CalendarCoveringType
(#$isa #$CalendarCoveringType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$CalendarCoveringType #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$comment #$CalendarCoveringType "#$CalendarCoveringType is a collection of collections.  An element ?CC of #$CalendarCoveringType  is itself a collection, a type of time interval, such that the union of all the instances of ?CC would completely cover all of time without overlap.  Thus, #$CalendarYear is a #$CalendarCoveringType because all of time consists of a sequence of non-overlapping #$CalendarYears.  Similarly #$CalendarMonth, #$CalendarDay, #$CalendarHour, etc.  Notice that #$Monday and #$December are NOT instances of #$CalendarCoveringType, because all of time is not a sequence of Mondays, or Decembers.  Also notice that a collection Week -- defined as the set of all seven-day-long-periods-of-time -- would not be an instance of #$CalendarCoveringType, since several different Weeks could overlap; e.g., the week beginning today and the week beginning yesterday and the week beginning tomorrow.")

;;; #$CalendarDay
(#$isa #$CalendarDay #$Collection)
(#$isa #$CalendarDay #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$CalendarDay #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarDay #$Date)
(#$comment #$CalendarDay "The collection of days that make up the calendar.  This is a collection of disjoint but contiguous time intervals.  One of its elements is Thursday, August 1, 1996.")

;;; #$CalendarDecade
(#$isa #$CalendarDecade #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarDecade #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$CalendarDecade "The collection of decades that make up the calendar; e.g., #$The1970s.")

;;; #$CalendarHalfCentury
(#$isa #$CalendarHalfCentury #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarHalfCentury #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$CalendarHalfCentury "The collection of exact half-centuries on the calendar, such as #$FirstHalfOf20thCenturyCE")

;;; #$CalendarHour
(#$isa #$CalendarHour #$Collection)
(#$isa #$CalendarHour #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarHour #$Date)
(#$genls #$CalendarHour #$TimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$CalendarHour "The collection of hours that make up the calendar.  These are contiguous and disjoint time intervals, except of course for particular instances that represent exactly the same 60-minute-long time interval.  See #$CalendarDay.")

;;; #$CalendarMinute
(#$isa #$CalendarMinute #$Collection)
(#$isa #$CalendarMinute #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarMinute #$Date)
(#$comment #$CalendarMinute "The collection of minutes that make up the calendar.  These are contiguous and disjoint time intervals, except of course for particular instances that represent exactly the same 60-second-long time interval.  See #$CalendarDay.  Sixty of these partition each #$CalendarHour")

;;; #$CalendarMonth
(#$isa #$CalendarMonth #$Collection)
(#$isa #$CalendarMonth #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarMonth #$Date)
(#$comment #$CalendarMonth "The collection of months that make up the calendar.  This is a collection of disjoint but contiguous time intervals.  One of its subsets is #$February, which is the set of all Februaries; one of its elements is February 1992 (#$MonthFn #$February (#$YearFn 1992)), a particular time interval.")

;;; #$CalendarQuarter
(#$isa #$CalendarQuarter #$Collection)
(#$isa #$CalendarQuarter #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarQuarter #$Date)
(#$comment #$CalendarQuarter "The collection of calendar quarters that divide up a calendar year into four parts.  For each year, the first of its four quarters includes January, February, and March; the second includes April, May, and June, and so on.")

;;; #$CalendarSeason
(#$isa #$CalendarSeason #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarSeason #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$CalendarSeason "This is the set of all calendar seasons.  Four of its largest subsets are #$CalendarWinter, #$CalendarSpring, #$CalendarSummer, and #$CalendarAutumn")

;;; #$CalendarSeasonType
(#$isa #$CalendarSeasonType #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType)
(#$genls #$CalendarSeasonType #$AnnualEventType)
(#$genls #$CalendarSeasonType #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType)
(#$comment #$CalendarSeasonType "This is the collection whose four elements are #$CalendarWinter, #$CalendarSpring, #$CalendarSummer, and #$CalendarAutumn.")

;;; #$CalendarSecond
(#$isa #$CalendarSecond #$Collection)
(#$isa #$CalendarSecond #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarSecond #$Date)
(#$comment #$CalendarSecond "The collection of seconds that make up the calendar.  Sixty of these #$TimeIntervals contiguously divide up each #$CalendarMinute (qv)")

;;; #$CalendarSpring
(#$isa #$CalendarSpring #$CalendarSeasonType)
(#$genls #$CalendarSpring #$CalendarSeason)
(#$comment #$CalendarSpring "The calendar season that begins at vernal equinox and runs until summer solstice.")

;;; #$CalendarSummer
(#$isa #$CalendarSummer #$CalendarSeasonType)
(#$genls #$CalendarSummer #$CalendarSeason)
(#$comment #$CalendarSummer "The calendar season that begins at summer solstice and runs until autumnal equinox.")

;;; #$CalendarWeek
(#$isa #$CalendarWeek #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarWeek #$Date)
(#$comment #$CalendarWeek "The collection of weeks that make up the calendar.  This is a collection of disjoint but contiguous time intervals.  One of its elements is WeekOf2-14-1994.")

;;; #$CalendarWinter
(#$isa #$CalendarWinter #$CalendarSeasonType)
(#$genls #$CalendarWinter #$CalendarSeason)
(#$comment #$CalendarWinter "The calendar season that begins at winter solstice and runs until vernal equinox.")

;;; #$CalendarYear
(#$isa #$CalendarYear #$Collection)
(#$isa #$CalendarYear #$CalendarCoveringType)
(#$genls #$CalendarYear #$Date)
(#$comment #$CalendarYear "The collection of years that make up the calendar.  For example, #$TheYear1972, #$TheYear494BC.")

;;; #$Calm
(#$isa #$Calm #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Calm #$Relaxed-Emotion)
(#$comment #$Calm "A feeling of calmness or serenity, being quiet and free from disturbance.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  A related #$FeelingAttributeType is #$Calm.")

;;; #$Canal
(#$isa #$Canal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Canal #$Stream)
(#$genls #$Canal #$Path-Simple)
(#$genls #$Canal #$PathArtifact)
(#$comment #$Canal "The collection of all canals, artificial waterways created to be paths for boats, or for irrigation (e.g., the #$PanamaCanal).")

;;; #$Cancer
(#$isa #$Cancer #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$Cancer #$TerminalPhysiologicalCondition)
(#$genls #$Cancer #$AilmentCondition)
(#$comment #$Cancer "The collection of all particular cases of cancer.  Instances of #$Cancer may belong to any one of the many different types of disease that are studied and treated by oncologists.  Cancer is characterized by abnormal (and usually rapid) growth of cells in some organ or system of the body; these growths are then prone to dispersal (metastesis) into other body regions.  See also #$CancerFn --- the expression (#$CancerFn #$Lung) represents a subset of #$Cancer, namely the set of all lung cancers.")

;;; #$CancerFn
(#$isa #$CancerFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$CancerFn #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$resultGenl #$CancerFn #$Cancer)
(#$arg1Isa #$CancerFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$arg1Genl #$CancerFn #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$CancerFn "#$CancerFn is a Cyc function, and in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  It is used to describe cancers according to the part or region of the animal's body in which they are found.  (#$CancerFn REGION) denotes the collection of all cancers found in the region of the body, REGION.  For example, (#$CancerFn #$Throat) represents the set of all throat cancers, and is a subset of #$Cancer.")

;;; #$Canoe
(#$isa #$Canoe #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Canoe #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Canoe #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$Canoe #$Device-UserPowered)
(#$comment #$Canoe "The collection of all canoes, small, narrow watercraft that are powered by human paddling, poling or by a small boat-engine.")

;;; #$CapacityAttribute
(#$isa #$CapacityAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$CapacityAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$CapacityAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$CapacityAttribute is an attribute representing a specific capacity in which an agent does an action.  For example, an action might be done as an agent's job (#$JobCapacity) or hobby (#$HobbyCapacity), as its main function (#$MainFunction) or an auxiliary function (#$SupportFunction).")

;;; #$CapitalCityOfRegion
(#$isa #$CapitalCityOfRegion #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CapitalCityOfRegion #$City)
(#$comment #$CapitalCityOfRegion "A collection of cities.  Each element of #$CapitalCityOfRegion is an element of #$City (q.v.) that is the capital of its surrounding region.  This includes both capitals of countries and capitals of subregions.  Examples: #$CityOfRomeItaly, #$CityOfCardiffWales, #$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfAbidjanIvoryCoast, #$CityOfLlasaTibet, #$CityOfColumbusOH (#$FranklinCountyOhio).  See also #$capitalCity, #$capitalCityOfThisState.")

;;; #$CaptiveAnimal
(#$isa #$CaptiveAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CaptiveAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$CaptiveAnimal "The collection of all animals that are caged, tied, kept in an animal container, or otherwise held captive.  There is some intersection here with #$DomesticPet, but not complete.   Some elements of #$Person are members of #$CaptiveAnimal, e.g., political detainees, imprisoned criminals, kidnap victims.")

;;; #$Card
(#$isa #$Card #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Card #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$Card "A collection of objects; a subset of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject.  Each element of #$Card is a small, sturdy sheet of stuff--usually cardstock paper, but could be plastic or thin metal--bearing some kind of information.  Some kinds are folded.  Examples: birthday cards, business cards, playing cards, postcards.")

;;; #$CargoShip
(#$isa #$CargoShip #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$CargoShip #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CargoShip #$Ship)
(#$comment #$CargoShip "The collection of all cargo ships, i.e., ships that by design can transport large amount of goods.")

;;; #$Carnivore
(#$isa #$Carnivore #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Carnivore #$Organism-Whole)
(#$comment #$Carnivore "A #$Collection of organisms classified by their typical source of food.  Elements of #$Carnivore feed on animals.  Note: #$Carnivore is not an instance of #$BiologicalTaxon; e.g., #$Carnivore contains #$Dog as a subset but is not its biological taxon.  Note that a #$Carnivore is not necessarily a #$Heterotroph, as carnivorous plants both digest insects and produce food using #$Chlorophyll.")

;;; #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion
(#$isa #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$Translation-Complete)
(#$genls #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion #$Translation-LocationChange)
(#$comment #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion, one object causes another object to undergo a translational motion.  The object causing the motion is the #$providerOfMotiveForce.  The object which is caused to move is the #$objectActedOn (and also the #$objectMoving) in the event.  One way to cause another object's motion is by carrying it along with one (see the subset #$CarryingWhileLocomoting), but there are many others, such as throwing, kicking, or knocking it away.  Examples: a train transporting passengers; a person pushing a coin into a vending machine; the release of a bowstring which propels an arrow; a magnet attracting a nail.")

;;; #$Cavity
(#$isa #$Cavity #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Cavity #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$Cavity "The collection of all cavities, #$Crevices or deep concavities or holes, including any cavity of a container, e.g., the interior of a box.  Elements of #$Cavity, unlike elements of #$Interior, may include walls as parts.")

;;; #$CeilingOfARoom
(#$isa #$CeilingOfARoom #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CeilingOfARoom #$PartOfBuilding)
(#$comment #$CeilingOfARoom "The collection of all ceilings of every instance of #$RoomInAConstruction.  Note that, unlike walls, ceilings are conventionally considered to be 'one-sided' objects.  The other side of a #$CeilingOfARoom may be a #$RoofOfAConstruction, or in a #$ModernShelterConstruction, more probably the #$FloorInAConstruction in another room.")

;;; #$Cell
(#$isa #$Cell #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Cell #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$Cell "The collection of living cells; a subset of #$BiologicalLivingObject.  Each element of #$Cell is one of the basic structural units of nearly all living things, consisting (at least) of cytoplasm bounded by a cell membrane. Only the living structures viruses, mitochondria, and plastids are not composed of cells.")

;;; #$CellPart
(#$isa #$CellPart #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CellPart #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$CellPart #$MicroscopicScaleObject)
(#$comment #$CellPart "The collection of structures which are typically found and formed as parts of #$Cells. This covers components of both #$EukaryoticCells and #$ProkaryoticCells.  It includes organelles, vesicles, cell walls, extracellular matrix, plasma membranes, receptors, cellular humours, microtubules, etc.")

;;; #$Cent-UnitedStates
(#$isa #$Cent-UnitedStates #$UnitOfMoney)
(#$isa #$Cent-UnitedStates #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Cent-UnitedStates #$Money)
(#$resultIsa #$Cent-UnitedStates #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Cent-UnitedStates #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Cent-UnitedStates "An element of #$UnitOfMoney.  #$Cent-UnitedStates represents the smallest unit of money used officially in the United States of America; one-hundredth of a #$Dollar-UnitedStates.  See also #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Centimeter
(#$isa #$Centimeter #$UnitOfDistance)
(#$isa #$Centimeter #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$isa #$Centimeter #$CGSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$Centimeter #$Distance)
(#$resultIsa #$Centimeter #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Centimeter #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Centimeter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the centimeter, a unit used within the Metric system to measure length.  See also #$CGSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$CentimetersPerSecond
(#$isa #$CentimetersPerSecond #$UnitOfSpeed)
(#$isa #$CentimetersPerSecond #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$isa #$CentimetersPerSecond #$CGSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$CentimetersPerSecond #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$CentimetersPerSecond #$Speed)
(#$resultIsa #$CentimetersPerSecond #$VectorInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$CentimetersPerSecond #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$CentimetersPerSecond "(#$CentimetersPerSecond NUMBER) returns a dimensionless rate or speed of NUMBER centimeters per second.  Notice that this result is not presently thought of as incorporating a vector, although it might be modified to do so at some point in the future if this should prove appropriate.")

;;; #$CerealFoodGroup
(#$isa #$CerealFoodGroup #$FoodGroupType)
(#$genls #$CerealFoodGroup #$FoodOrDrinkComposite)
(#$genls #$CerealFoodGroup #$VegetableMatter)
(#$genls #$CerealFoodGroup #$EdibleStuff)
(#$comment #$CerealFoodGroup "The food group consisting of grain products such as breads and cereals. Food that contains a significant amount of grain products should be specs of this.")

;;; #$CerealPlant
(#$isa #$CerealPlant #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$genls #$CerealPlant #$Plant-NonWoody)
(#$comment #$CerealPlant "The collection of individual plants like corn, wheat, etc., which bear grains.")

;;; #$ChainOrganization
(#$isa #$ChainOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ChainOrganization #$Business)
(#$genls #$ChainOrganization #$LegalCorporation)
(#$comment #$ChainOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$ChainOrganization is a parent business which comes into contact with its customers or clients primarily through its geographically dispersed sub-organizations, which typically are (mostly) homogeneous in product line, style of physical quarters, local organizational structure, etc.  Examples include the parent organizations of McDonald's and Midas Muffler.")

;;; #$ChangeInUserRights
(#$isa #$ChangeInUserRights #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$ChangeInUserRights #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$ChangeInUserRights "A collection of events.  Each element of #$ChangeInUserRights is an event in which some instance of #$Agent either gains or loses possession of something.   `Possession' means having some right to use a thing that one has in hand or otherwise has access to.  Different types of possession (e.g., ownership, rental, borrowings) can be specified by the using the appropriate element(s) of #$UserRightsAttribute (q.v.).  Changes in an agent's user rights can come about in various ways: through buying and selling, renting, borrowing or lending, giving, repossession, etc.  Some subsets of this kind of change are #$LosingUserRights, #$GainingUserRights, and #$ExchangeOfUserRights; in the latter class, there is an alteration in the rights of two (or more) agents to use two (or more) items -- as in a purchase, when one agent gets full use rights to an object by turning over a sum of money to the object's previous owner.  In addition, some changes in user rights are classified explicitly in #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights (e.g., borrowing, renting), while others are permanent.   Events that involve such changes in user rights all belong in the collection of events, #$ChangeInUserRights.   In any particular #$ChangeInUserRights event, the item which is changing hands is identified as the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer.")

;;; #$ChangingDeviceState
(#$isa #$ChangingDeviceState #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$ChangingDeviceState #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ChangingDeviceState #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$ChangingDeviceState #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$genls #$ChangingDeviceState #$Action)
(#$comment #$ChangingDeviceState "The collection of actions in which a device goes from one state (the #$fromState) to another state (the #$toState).  A change of #$DeviceState may be due to an outside #$Agent adjusting a device, or it may happen automatically due to the behavior of a device.  The two most general state changes (for powered devices) are from #$DeviceOn to #$DeviceOff, and vice versa.  Many other states peculiar to specific devices can be identified; for example, the states of a #$Dishwasher: #$DeviceState-Washing and #$DeviceState-Rinsing; or the states that a trapping device may be in: #$TrapArmed, #$TrapTripped, #$TrapIdle.  Note that a change in the state of a device is an intrinsic change in the device; i.e., #$ChangingDeviceState is a subset of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent.")

;;; #$CharacterString
(#$isa #$CharacterString #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$CharacterString #$AbstractInformation)
(#$genls #$CharacterString #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$CharacterString #$List-Sequence)
(#$comment #$CharacterString "A collection of stuff.  Each element of the collection #$CharacterString is a string of characters or an abstract sequence of symbols.  Note: it is NOT any particular physical, tangible representation; different encodings may represent the characters.  An element of #$CharacterString has characters from some fixed character set.  The characters are instances of #$Character-Abstract. An element of #$CharacterString may be any length, including zero (i.e., empty strings, which have no characters).  If elements of #$CharacterString are concatenated, the result is also an element of #$CharacterString.  The length of the resulting string is equal to the sum of the lengths of the concatenated strings.   Some types (subsets) of #$CharacterString include #$EMailAddress, #$AreaCode, #$PhoneNumber, #$PhoneCountryCode, etc.")

;;; #$Check-TenderObject
(#$isa #$Check-TenderObject #$MoneyTenderType)
(#$genls #$Check-TenderObject #$TenderObject)
(#$genls #$Check-TenderObject #$Form-StandardizedIBO)
(#$genls #$Check-TenderObject #$IDDocument)
(#$genls #$Check-TenderObject #$OfficialDocument)
(#$genls #$Check-TenderObject #$FinancialAccountTenderObject)
(#$comment #$Check-TenderObject "A collection of documents; a subset of #$TenderObject.  Each element of #$Check-TenderObject is a financial instrument, drawn on a particular account at some instance of #$FinancialOrganization, which is redeemable for a monetary value by the agent who is the payee.  The financial organization pays the payee funds from the account, upon proper presentation of the check.")

;;; #$ChemicalCompoundType
(#$isa #$ChemicalCompoundType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$ChemicalCompoundType #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$comment #$ChemicalCompoundType "A collection of collections; a subset of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType.  Every instance of #$ChemicalCompoundType is a subset of #$TangibleThing whose instances are defined ONLY by their chemical composition, and not by their physical state or any other property.  In Cyc's current representation, #$ChemicalCompoundTypes can be of two varieties:  (1) Collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical composition; this includes (a) the chemical elements -- such as #$Carbon, #$Oxygen, and #$Hydrogen -- which are instances of #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons (thus, the latter is a subset of #$ChemicalCompoundType), and (b) compounds constituted of more than one substance chemically bonded, e.g., #$Water, #$Caffeine, and #$IronOxide.  (2) Substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., #$DNA.  Cyc's current theory includes those cases in #$ChemicalCompoundType, though they are arguably borderline.  (Future work may require the creation of type collections to identify various levels of chemical specification, such as `exact formula' or `exact structure'.)
Note: Collections which Cyc does NOT classify as #$ChemicalCompoundTypes include collections of substances which have some component which is of overriding significance in some context, so that in everyday language such substances are frequently referred to by the name of their important component (e.g., `penicillin' applied to a tablet containing penicillin), but which have significant admixtures of other substances.  Our representation distinguishes between the chemical compound (here, instances of #$Penicillin) and the mixture of substances in a tablet containing some #$Penicillin for pharmaceutical use.  Thus, #$Penicillin is an instance of #$ChemicalCompoundType, but the collection of tablets containing penicillin and including other ingredients are not.  Also, subsets of #$Mixture, such as #$Lemonade, are not instances of #$ChemicalCompoundType, because mixtures are determined by their physical state rather than solely by their chemical composition.")

;;; #$ChemicalObject
(#$isa #$ChemicalObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ChemicalObject #$MicroscopicScaleObject)
(#$comment #$ChemicalObject "A collection of objects; a subset of #$MicroscopicScaleObject.  Each instance of #$ChemicalObject is an object whose behavior is typically described in terms of its outer cloud of #$Electrons.  Subsets of #$ChemicalObject include the collections #$Atom and #$Molecule and #$Ion, the set of chemical radicals, and the set of molecular fragments.")

;;; #$ChemicalReaction
(#$isa #$ChemicalReaction #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$ChemicalReaction #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ChemicalReaction #$TransformationEvent)
(#$comment #$ChemicalReaction "A collection of events; a subset of #$TransformationEvent.  Each instance of #$ChemicalReaction is an event in which two or more substances undergo a chemical change, i.e., some portions of the substances involved are transformed into different #$ChemicalCompoundTypes.  The transformations are brought about by purely chemical (including biochemical) means which affect chemical bonds between atoms in the molecules of stuff, rather than by physical means, biological means, or purposeful planning, etc.  Examples of #$ChemicalReaction: instances of #$CombustionProcess; instances of #$Photosynthesis.")

;;; #$Chest-BodyPart
(#$isa #$Chest-BodyPart #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$Chest-BodyPart #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Chest-BodyPart #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$Chest-BodyPart #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Chest-BodyPart "The collection of the chests of #$Animals.  The animal's chest is its #$AnimalBodyPart region located between its neck and its abdomen.  For people and many other types of animals, the chest is bounded by (defined by, given shape by) the animal's ribcage.")

;;; #$ChordataPhylum
(#$isa #$ChordataPhylum #$BiologicalPhylum)
(#$comment #$ChordataPhylum "An instance of #$BiologicalPhylum within the #$BiologicalKingdom #$Animal, the #$ChordataPhylum contains the many chordate taxa.  All have members who have a notochord (a flexible rod running the length of the body) at some stage of development and pharyngeal gills at some stage of development.  The #$ChordataPhylum has as #$taxonMembers all the subsets of #$Vertebrate (including #$Person), as well as some non-vertebrate chordates like Amphioxus.")

;;; #$ChronicCondition
(#$isa #$ChronicCondition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$ChronicCondition #$PhysiologicalCondition)
(#$comment #$ChronicCondition "A collection of ailments.  An instance of #$ChronicCondition is an ailment that lingers or recurs in an organism throughout its life.  In some cases, the symptoms of a chronic condition may abate with treatment.  The condition may never go away completely.  #$Asthma is a subset of #$ChronicCondition.")

;;; #$CirculatorySystem
(#$isa #$CirculatorySystem #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$CirculatorySystem #$StaticSituation)
(#$genls #$CirculatorySystem #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$CirculatorySystem "The collection of all animals' circulatory systems.  A #$CirculatorySystem is a system of organs and body parts, found in #$Vertebrates and some other animals, which function together to circulate the animal's blood throughout its body, supplying needed substances to its cells and removing waste products from them.  A #$CirculatorySystem is generally composed of #$BloodVessels, #$Heart, #$Spleen, etc., considered as an interrelated functional system of each animal. 
Note:  It generally has a close linkage to the respiration system, as the blood comes in contact with fresh air to divest itself of the waste products it has collected from the body's cells and to acquire new needed substances to take to the body's cells.")

;;; #$City
(#$isa #$City #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType)
(#$genls #$City #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$genls #$City #$UrbanArea)
(#$comment #$City "A collection of geopolitical entities.  An element of #$City is a local human settlement which has its own government.  This includes cities, towns, suburbs, villages, hamlets, and townships, as long as they have their own governments.  A city government is usually mostly autonomous from the governments of its surrounding regions, rather than being a sub-organization of them.")

;;; #$CityOfBandarAbbasIran
(#$isa #$CityOfBandarAbbasIran #$City)
(#$isa #$CityOfBandarAbbasIran #$Entity)
(#$comment #$CityOfBandarAbbasIran "Bandar Abbas (Bandar-e-'Abbas), a city in #$Iran on the north coast of the #$PersianGulf, near the #$StraitOfHormuz.  One of the #$chiefPorts of the country of #$Iran.")

;;; #$CityOfWashingtonDC
(#$isa #$CityOfWashingtonDC #$CapitalCityOfRegion)
(#$isa #$CityOfWashingtonDC #$CountrySubsidiary)
(#$isa #$CityOfWashingtonDC #$Entity)
(#$isa #$CityOfWashingtonDC #$USCity)
(#$comment #$CityOfWashingtonDC "The present (though not the original) capital city of the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica, seat of its Federal government, which is located in the specially created Federal district between the States of Maryland and Virginia.")

;;; #$Cleaning
(#$isa #$Cleaning #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Cleaning #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Cleaning #$RemovingSomething)
(#$genls #$Cleaning #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$Cleaning #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$Cleaning #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$Cleaning "A collection of events.  In each #$Cleaning event, dirt (or other unwanted substances) is removed from the #$objectOfStateChange of that event.  If a #$Cleaning event is successful, then the #$Dirtiness level of the object will have been lowered.")

;;; #$CleaningDevice
(#$isa #$CleaningDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CleaningDevice #$SolidTangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$CleaningDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$CleaningDevice "A collection of devices.  An instance of #$CleaningDevice is any device, manually powered or otherwise, whose #$primaryFunction is to be used in cleaning things.  Instances include each #$Mop, each #$RegularWindshieldWiper, each  #$FacialTissue, each #$ShoeBrush, each #$ClothesWasher, each #$Dishwasher, etc.")

;;; #$CleaningImplement
(#$isa #$CleaningImplement #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CleaningImplement #$CleaningDevice)
(#$genls #$CleaningImplement #$HandTool)
(#$comment #$CleaningImplement "A collection of tools; a subset 
of #$HandTool and also of #$CleaningDevice.  An instance of #$CleaningImplement is any hand-held tool used for cleaning something.  Cleaning implements are used in a wide variety of activities and settings; some subsets include the collections #$Mop, #$DentalPick, #$ElectricToothBrush, #$WashCloth, #$FacialTissue, #$ShoeBrush.  Many cleaning implements are intended for wiping, scrubbing, or polishing surfaces to remove patches of #$Dirt.")

;;; #$ClimateCycleType
(#$isa #$ClimateCycleType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$ClimateCycleType #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$ClimateCycleType #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$comment #$ClimateCycleType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$ClimateCycleType is a collection of (extended) events which are weather processes of one type or another.  Examples of elements of #$ClimateCycleType are #$TemperateClimateCycle and #$SteppeClimateCycle.  
Note: in practice, there is little need to create terms denoting members of the collections belonging to #$ClimateCycleType; so long as one just wants to state what TYPE of climate a particular region has, simply use the predicate #$hasClimateType with the appropriate subset of #$AnnualClimateCycle (q.v.).  See also #$hasClimateType.")

;;; #$Cloth
(#$isa #$Cloth #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$Cloth #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$Cloth #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Cloth #$TextileProduct)
(#$genls #$Cloth #$FreeSheet)
(#$genls #$Cloth #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$comment #$Cloth "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Cloth is a piece of textile sheet woven or knitted or pressed out of fibers.  Pieces of #$Cloth are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of clothing items, towels, sails for sailing craft, parachutes, draperies, etc.  Excludes #$Leather (q.v.).")

;;; #$ClothingAccessory
(#$isa #$ClothingAccessory #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ClothingAccessory #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ClothingAccessory #$ClothingItem)
(#$comment #$ClothingAccessory "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of #$ClothingAccessory is something that is worn as an accessory with other clothing items.  Examples include elements of the collections #$Jewelry, #$Scarf, #$NeckTie, #$Belt-Clothing, #$Suspenders, and suchlike.")

;;; #$ClothingItem
(#$isa #$ClothingItem #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ClothingItem #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ClothingItem #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$genls #$ClothingItem #$SomethingToWear)
(#$comment #$ClothingItem "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of #$ClothingItem is something that a person wears as a protective and/or decorative covering or ornament.  Items of clothing are usually made of flexible materials, such as cloth, leather, or yarn.  The collection #$ClothingItem contains primarily individual garments (e.g., elements of the collections #$Pants, #$Shirt, #$Coat, #$Shoe), together with pairs of shoes, socks, and gloves (since each wearer needs a pair).  Jewelry, suspenders, belts, etc., are in the subset #$ClothingAccessory.
Note: outfits (esp. specialized outfits) made up of several individual items worn together belong to the collection #$ClothingOutfit, which is NOT a subset of #$ClothingItem but IS a subset of the broader collection, #$SomethingToWear.")

;;; #$ClothingOutfit
(#$isa #$ClothingOutfit #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$ClothingOutfit #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$ClothingOutfit #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$genls #$ClothingOutfit #$SomethingToWear)
(#$genls #$ClothingOutfit #$Group)
(#$comment #$ClothingOutfit "A collection of objects.  Every element of #$ClothingOutfit is a group of `coordinated' items that are intended to be worn together; e.g., an instance of #$ThreePieceSuit, consisting of one suit jacket, one vest, and one pair of long pants.  Clothing outfits are often sold or provided together as a set; e.g., military uniforms, business suits, scuba gear.  A clothing outfit may include some accessories, as well as garments.  Cf. #$ClothingItem.")

;;; #$CloudInSky
(#$isa #$CloudInSky #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CloudInSky #$CloudOfH2O)
(#$comment #$CloudInSky "The collection of clouds (instances of #$CloudOfH2O) in the sky over some #$GeographicalRegion (as opposed to being at ground-level).")

;;; #$CloudOfH2O
(#$isa #$CloudOfH2O #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CloudOfH2O #$Suspension)
(#$comment #$CloudOfH2O "A cloud of particles of liquid or solid water in the atmosphere covering a #$GeographicalRegion.")

;;; #$Cloudiness
(#$isa #$Cloudiness #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Cloudiness #$WeatherAttribute)
(#$genls #$Cloudiness #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Cloudiness #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Cloudiness "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$ScalarInterval.  The elements of #$Cloudiness characterize the amount of cloud cover at an #$OutdoorLocation.  A higher value indicates more clouds or more dense cover.  Degrees of cloudiness may be represented qualitatively (e.g., #$PartialCloudCover, #$CompleteCloudCover), or using #$GenericValueFunctions.  The cloudiness of a location can be described with the predicate #$cloudinessOfRegion.")

;;; #$Cloudless
(#$isa #$Cloudless #$Cloudiness)
(#$comment #$Cloudless "#$Cloudless is a #$WeatherAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Cloudiness.  (#$cloudinessOfRegion LOC #$Cloudless) means that the #$OutdoorLocation LOC has no cloud cover.")

;;; #$Cloudy
(#$isa #$Cloudy #$Cloudiness)
(#$comment #$Cloudy "#$Cloudy is a #$WeatherAttribute that characterizes an #$OutdoorLocation which has at least some cloud cover -- this cloud cover not being situated at ground-level (in which case #$Foggy would be the applicable #$WeatherAttribute).")

;;; #$CodeOfConduct
(#$isa #$CodeOfConduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$CodeOfConduct #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$CodeOfConduct #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory)
(#$genls #$CodeOfConduct #$IntangibleExistingThing)
(#$comment #$CodeOfConduct "A collection of microtheories; a subset of both #$Obligation and #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory.  Each element of #$CodeOfConduct is a microtheory which contains rules and/or expectations governing the behavior of those agents subject to it in certain kinds of situations.")

;;; #$CohabitationUnit
(#$isa #$CohabitationUnit #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CohabitationUnit #$Organization)
(#$comment #$CohabitationUnit "A collection of organizations.  Each element of #$CohabitationUnit is a group of humans or other animals all living together in the same #$physicalQuarters at the same time, whether that be a house, nest, warren, or other dwelling -- loosely speaking, a household.  As a default, the cohabitants in the group are assumed to be all of the same species.  (See also the more specialized #$comments in #$HumanSocialLifeMt and #$NaiveBiologicalDescentMt.)")

;;; #$Cohesiveness
(#$isa #$Cohesiveness #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Cohesiveness #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Cohesiveness #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Cohesiveness "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Cohesiveness represents a specific capacity of a physical object to cohere; e.g., #$RigidlyCohesive, #$LiquidCohesiveness, #$HumanlySeparable.  Cohesiveness of objects is indicated with the predicate #$cohesivenessOfObject.")

;;; #$Collection
(#$isa #$Collection #$SetOrCollection)
(#$isa #$Collection #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Collection #$SetOrCollection)
(#$comment #$Collection "The collection of all Cyc collections.  Cyc collections are natural kinds or classes, as opposed to mathematical sets; their elements have some common attribute(s).  Each Cyc collection is like a set in so far as it may have elements, subsets, and supersets, and may not have parts or spatial or temporal properties.  Sets, however, differ from collections in that a mathematical set may be an arbitrary set of things which have nothing in common (see #$Set-Mathematical).  In contrast, the elements of a collection will all have in common some feature(s), some `intensional' qualities.  In addition, two instances of #$Collection can be co-extensional (i.e., have all the same elements) without being identical, whereas if two arbitrary sets had the same elements, they would be considered equal.   As with any Cyc constant, an instance of #$Collection should be created only if it is expected to have some purpose or utility.  Moreover, the `best' collections to create are the ones which are impossible to define precisely, yet about which there are rules and other things to say.  E.g., `WhiteCat' is not a good element of #$Collection to create, because it's easy to define with other Cyc concepts, and there's not much to say about the collection of white cats; but `WhiteCollarWorker' could be a good element of #$Collection, because it is hard to define exactly, yet there are many things to say about it.")

;;; #$CollectionDenotingFunction
(#$isa #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$comment #$CollectionDenotingFunction "The collection of all Cyc functions which return elements of #$Collection.  Examples: #$SwimmingEventFn, #$PackageFn, #$MoleculeFn, all produce collections when applied to their proper arguments; e.g., (#$MoleculeFn #$Oxygen) returns the collection of all oxygen molecules.  Note that (#$genls #$CollectionDenotingFunction #$ReifiableFunction).  Cf. #$IndividualDenotingFunction.")

;;; #$CollectionEvent
(#$isa #$CollectionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$CollectionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$CollectionEvent #$TransferIn)
(#$comment #$CollectionEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$CollectionEvent is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected from various sources to a single destination via some collection network.")

;;; #$Color
(#$isa #$Color #$CompositeAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Color #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Color #$SensoryAttribute)
(#$genls #$Color #$CompositeAttribute)
(#$comment #$Color "A collection of attributes; a subset of both #$PhysicalAttribute and #$SensoryAttribute.  Each element of #$Color represents a specific color attribute of some object or substance; e.g., #$GoldColor, #$LavenderColor, #$Auburn , #$Olive-FleshColor.  Elements of #$Color are #$CompositeAttributes, since they can vary along several dimensions (e.g., hue, brightness).  Indicate a particular object's #$Color with the predicate #$colorOfObject.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Color #$SENSUS-Information1997 "COLOR")

;;; #$CombustionProcess
(#$isa #$CombustionProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$CombustionProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$CombustionProcess #$DecompositionProcess)
(#$genls #$CombustionProcess #$EnergyConversionProcess)
(#$genls #$CombustionProcess #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$comment #$CombustionProcess "A collection of events.  Each #$CombustionProcess  is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place.  These always have heat as an output and often involve emission of light as well (typically, flames).  The #$objectActedOn in a #$CombustionProcess is at least partly consumed.  See also #$Flammability.")

;;; #$Command
(#$isa #$Command #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Command #$Request)
(#$comment #$Command "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of #$Command consists of a piece of information contained (usually implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention to have the listener either carry out the action described in the utterance and/or bring about the situation described in the utterance.  The speaker in any given instance of #$Ordering-CommunicationAct presupposes that s/he has the authority to command those s/he adresses.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.  See also #$IllocutionaryForce.")

;;; #$CommercialActivity
(#$isa #$CommercialActivity #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$CommercialActivity #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$CommercialActivity #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$CommercialActivity #$Transaction)
(#$comment #$CommercialActivity "This is a large collection of events.  As can be seen from its subsets, it embraces all types of buying, selling, offering to sell, offering to buy, requesting bids, performing services for hire, advertising, manufacturing for sale, etc.")

;;; #$CommercialFishingBoat
(#$isa #$CommercialFishingBoat #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$CommercialFishingBoat #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$CommercialFishingBoat #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$CommercialFishingBoat "The subcollection of Boat-WaterTransportationDevice that contains all fishing boats, including trawlers, seiners, junks etc. that are marine-life-catching devices, and the main purpose of the fishing is commercial.  Note that not all instances of CommercialFishingBoat have to be used exclusively in the ocean--they can also be used in rivers and lakes, etc.")

;;; #$CommercialOrganization
(#$isa #$CommercialOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CommercialOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$CommercialOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$CommercialOrganization is an organization which buys or sells goods or services for a profit.  It may also be an element of #$Business or it may merely be a sub-organization of a #$Business entity.")

;;; #$CommercialServiceOrganization
(#$isa #$CommercialServiceOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CommercialServiceOrganization #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$genls #$CommercialServiceOrganization #$ServiceOrganization)
(#$comment #$CommercialServiceOrganization "A collection of organizations; a subset of #$CommercialOrganization.  An instance of #$CommercialServiceOrganization is a commercial organization which sells its services as its main product (rather than tangible goods), for commercial gain.  Some tangible goods may accompany or supplement the main service sold, but only as side products; e.g., some elements of #$HairSalon sell hair care products.")

;;; #$Commissioned
(#$isa #$Commissioned #$WorkStatus)
(#$comment #$Commissioned "An attribute; an element of #$WorkStatus.  The attribute of being paid on a commission basis for work done.")

;;; #$Communicating
(#$isa #$Communicating #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$Communicating #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Communicating #$InformationTransferEvent)
(#$genls #$Communicating #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$genls #$Communicating #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$Communicating "A collection of events.  Each element of #$Communicating is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event.  That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions--and winning--of the game are focal).  
Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. #$CommunicationAct-Single, #$MultiDirectionalCommunication).  It may be intentional or unintentional.  Every event belonging to #$Communicating contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event.  (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from #$Communicating, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.)  
Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., #$AudioCommunicating, #$NonVerbalCommunicating, #$FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating); by the type of information involved (e.g., #$MakingAnAgreement); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., #$Teaching, #$Negotiating); by the agents involved (e.g., #$IntraOrganizationCommunication, #$StageProduction).  Examples of #$Communicating include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket--all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents.")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$Communicating #$SENSUS-Information1997 "VERBAL-PROCESS")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Communicating #$SENSUS-Information1997 "COMMUNICATIVE-ACT")

;;; #$CommunicationAct-Single
(#$isa #$CommunicationAct-Single #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$CommunicationAct-Single #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$CommunicationAct-Single #$Action)
(#$genls #$CommunicationAct-Single #$Communicating)
(#$comment #$CommunicationAct-Single "A collection of information transfer events; a subset of #$Communicating.  Each element of #$CommunicationAct-Single is a single-source transmission of information from ONE #$senderOfInfo to one or more recipients; such acts may be one-to-one or one-to-many.  Every element of #$CommunicationAct-Single has a transmission sub-event (which is an element of #$IBTGeneration-Original) and one or more reception #$subEvents (which are elements of #$AccessingAnIBT).  An element of #$CommunicationAct-Single starts when its transmission sub-event starts and ends when its accessing sub-event(s) end.
Notes: (1) For exchanges of information between or among multiple agents, see #$MultiDirectionalCommunication.  (2) An important distinction is made between elements of #$CommunicationAct-Single on the one hand, and their #$subEvents which are elements of #$IBTGeneration-Original and #$AccessingAnIBT, on the other hand; e.g., #$Speaking and #$Writing are NOT subsets of #$CommunicationAct-Single, but rather are subsets of #$IBTGeneration-Original (because instances of both represent only the generation of information and can even occur without actual communication of it), and #$ListeningDeliberately and #$Reading are subsets of #$AccessingAnIBT, NOT of #$CommunicationAct-Single, because instances of both represent only the accessing of information (even if by default they imply a prior generation of information).")

;;; #$CommunicationConvention
(#$isa #$CommunicationConvention #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$CommunicationConvention #$AbstractInformation)
(#$genls #$CommunicationConvention #$MentalObject)
(#$comment #$CommunicationConvention "The collection of conventions used to encode and interpret things which bear information; a syntax together with a semantic mapping.  Instances include natural languages like French or English, database data formats, and computer languages or idiosyncratic systems of gestures or symbols known only by a small group of people.")

;;; #$CommunityOrganization
(#$isa #$CommunityOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CommunityOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$CommunityOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$CommunityOrganization is a group that consists of residents of a #$Neighborhood or apartment building or condominium complex, and which is concerned with issues affecting the #$Neighborhood or complex.")

;;; #$CommutativeRelation
(#$isa #$CommutativeRelation #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$CommutativeRelation #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CommutativeRelation #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$CommutativeRelation "An important subset of #$Relationship.  Each element of #$CommutativeRelation is a relationship whose argument order can be changed without changing the value or meaning of the expression; e.g., #$PlusFn, #$TimesFn, #$or, #$bordersOn, #$temporallyIntersects, #$teammates.  Most #$Relationships are NOT commutative: if (#$isa EL COL) is true, it is rare that (#$isa COL EL) is also true.")

;;; #$Competence
(#$isa #$Competence #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Competence #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute)
(#$comment #$Competence "One of the most general attributes for describing the level of skill with which an agent performs some task.  Knowledge enterers will usually want to use some more specific attribute.")

;;; #$Competition
(#$isa #$Competition #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Competition #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Competition #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$Competition #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$Competition "The collection of situations in which one or more #$Agents are striving to be the sole exemplar of some high value judgement, or the highest value along some comparative or metric scale.  Arm wrestling, football, fighting for prey, competitive courting, racing, rodeo events, etc. are examples.  See also #$competitionExpr.
Note: `striving' may be a bit of overstatement, as sometimes the competitors may even be unaware that a competition has been going on until after it is over, such as the first year a `Best Restaurant in Austin' award is given out.")

;;; #$CompleteCloudCover
(#$isa #$CompleteCloudCover #$Cloudiness)
(#$genlAttributes #$CompleteCloudCover #$Cloudy)
(#$comment #$CompleteCloudCover "#$CompleteCloudCover is a #$WeatherAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Cloudiness.  This attribute describes a location as so clouded over with a uniform layer grey or white clouds that direct sunlight is blocked out.  There are no shadows, the shape or exact location of the sun or moon is impossible to identify.")

;;; #$ComplexTemporalRelation
(#$isa #$ComplexTemporalRelation #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$ComplexTemporalRelation #$TemporalRelation)
(#$comment #$ComplexTemporalRelation "Instances of #$ComplexTemporalRelation are predicates used to interrelate instances of #$TemporalThing in time.  Some of them (e.g., #$startsAfterEndingOf) make statements about the relationship of the beginning and/or end of their first argument to the beginning and/or end of their second argument.  One can think of this as an interval-based theory of time.  Some of them (e.g., #$temporallyIntersects and #$temporallySubsumes) make statements about the relationship of the entire set of points that is their first argument to the entire set of points that is their second argument.  One can think of this as a set-theoretic theory of time.")

;;; #$CompositeAttribute
(#$isa #$CompositeAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$CompositeAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$CompositeAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$CompositeAttribute is an attribute that is essentially a vector with many dimensions.  Instances of #$Color are good examples; colors have intensity, hue, and saturation as independent dimensions.  See also #$primitiveAttributeTypes, #$PrimitiveAttributeType.")

;;; #$CompositeAttributeType
(#$isa #$CompositeAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CompositeAttributeType #$AttributeType)
(#$comment #$CompositeAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Every element of #$CompositeAttributeType is a collection of attributes which is a subset of #$CompositeAttribute (q.v.).")

;;; #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent
(#$isa #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent #$MentalEvent)
(#$genls #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent is an event that involves both some mental event(s) and an interaction of physical objects.  Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, inheriting property, writing a letter, a physical examination, a charity ball, traffic on some section of highway during rush hour.  Note that this collection does NOT imply that the events which are its instances have doers (see #$doneBy).  Subsets of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent whose elements all have doers (or performers) -- and there will be many of them -- should have as a second genls #$Action or the appropriate subset of #$Action (qq.v.).")

;;; #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject
(#$isa #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$genls #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject #$PartiallyIntangible)
(#$genls #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject #$SomethingExisting)
(#$comment #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject "The collection of things which have both a tangible and an intangible component -- e.g., people (with bodies and minds), information bearing objects (intangible information encoded on a tangible substrate, such as music on a CD, or text in a book) and so on.  Like anything else that has at least some tangible component, each element of #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject exists in time.  Our representation allows us to separately reify the tangible and intangible components of an object; this is sometimes necessary  (e.g., to state that the age of the Frankenstein monster's mind is x, the age of his body is y, and the age of the new composite is z) but not very often needed --- usually one can just reify the #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject and state things about it.")

;;; #$CompositionPredicate
(#$isa #$CompositionPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$CompositionPredicate #$PhysicalPartPredicate)
(#$comment #$CompositionPredicate "A collection of predicates; one of several subsets of #$PartPredicate.  The collection #$CompositionPredicate contains predicates which are used to relate #$PartiallyTangible things to the substances (pieces of stuffs) which compose them.  #$CompositionPredicates are instance-level (i.e, they relate #$Individuals, not #$Collections), although typically they are used in inferences about specific kinds of things.  Examples include #$constituents, #$mainConstituent #$solvent, #$solute, #$suspendingFluid, #$suspendedPart, #$atmosphereComponent.")

;;; #$Compressibility
(#$isa #$Compressibility #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Compressibility #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Compressibility #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Compressibility "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.   Each element of #$Compressibility represents a specific capacity of a physical object to be compressed.  Compressibility may be measured with a #$GenericValueFunction. Compressibilities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$compressibilityOfObject.")

;;; #$ComputationalObject
(#$isa #$ComputationalObject #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$ComputationalObject #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$ComputationalObject #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing)
(#$comment #$ComputationalObject "A collection of abstract objects; a subset of #$IntangibleIndividual.  Each element of #$ComputationalObject is a syntactically structured form, such as a Cyc system expression, a Lisp string, a C variable name, or an equation in a particular canonical form format.")

;;; #$ComputerProgram
(#$isa #$ComputerProgram #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ComputerProgram #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ComputerProgram #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$ComputerProgram #$TangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$ComputerProgram #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$ComputerProgram #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$ComputerProgram "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of #$ComputerProgram is an IBO, i.e., a tangible object which contains intangible information, namely instructions written in a code readable by some computer system and which are intended for execution by a computer.  The tangible component of a computer program may be embodied in the memory of a particular instance of #$Computer (during a particular time), in a static magnetic medium (e.g., a disk or tape), in a hardcopy, even (once upon a time) in a set of punch cards.  Again, note that elements of #$ComputerProgram are physically embodied programs, which rightly interpreted yield the information and/or instructions in the program.  The elements of #$Algorithm and of #$CharacterString (which are abstract) are NOT elements of #$ComputerProgram, although they may figure in the intangible components of a computer program.  See also #$containsInformation, #$InformationBearingObject.")

;;; #$Concave
(#$isa #$Concave #$CurvatureOfSurface)
(#$comment #$Concave "An attribute of a surface meaning that it is bumped or indented inward.  A concave surface has a pair of points which are both closer to a viewer than points on the surface between them.   Dependinhg on the context, it may have relatively small subregions which have convexities (e.g. wrinkles, small dents, corrugations) or are flat so long as the overall shape is concave.  Saddle-shapes, although convex in certain dimensions, are concave in others and are therefore concave.")

;;; #$Concrete
(#$isa #$Concrete #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Concrete #$BuildingMaterial)
(#$genls #$Concrete #$ArtificialMaterial)
(#$comment #$Concrete "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Concrete is a piece of an artificial mixture of cement, gravel, sand, and (during mixture, pouring, and forming) water.  Used widely in construction, pieces of concrete are formed into the desired shape while fluid and afterward hardened into a sturdy, durable material.  Examples: bridge pilings, foundations of houses, sidewalks, pieces of IH-35.")

;;; #$Condensing
(#$isa #$Condensing #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Condensing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Condensing #$Translocation)
(#$genls #$Condensing #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent)
(#$comment #$Condensing "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, an object is cooled to (and then below) its #$boilingPoint, changing it from #$GaseousStateOfMatter to #$LiquidStateOfMatter.")

;;; #$ConductorResistance
(#$isa #$ConductorResistance #$ElectricalResistance)
(#$comment #$ConductorResistance "A measurable physical attribute.  #$ConductorResistance is the element of #$ElectricalResistance that represents a very low level of electrical resistance.  An object having #$ConductorResistance readily conducts electricity.  See also #$resistanceOfObject.")

;;; #$ConductsHeatPoorly
(#$isa #$ConductsHeatPoorly #$ThermalConductivity)
(#$comment #$ConductsHeatPoorly "A measurable physical attribute.  #$ConductsHeatPoorly is the element of #$ThermalConductivity that represents the level of thermal conductivity in an object that conducts virtually no heat.")

;;; #$ConductsHeatWell
(#$isa #$ConductsHeatWell #$ThermalConductivity)
(#$comment #$ConductsHeatWell "A measurable physical attribute.  #$ConductsHeatWell is the element of #$ThermalConductivity that represents the level of thermal conductivity in an object that conducts heat very quickly.")

;;; #$ConductsSomeHeat
(#$isa #$ConductsSomeHeat #$ThermalConductivity)
(#$comment #$ConductsSomeHeat "A measurable physical attribute.  #$ConductsSomeHeat is the element of #$ThermalConductivity that represents the level of thermal conductivity in an object which conducts heat, but slowly.")

;;; #$Confidence
(#$isa #$Confidence #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Confidence #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Confidence "The positive emotion felt when one is free
from doubt about an event or object from which the agent feeling
#$Confidence expects positive contingencies.  For example, one might
say 'I feel confident that tomorrow it will not be rainy'. Do not
confuse this with a personality disposition, e.g. 'Joe is a confident
person.'  (See #$PersonalityAttribute.)  This is a collection; for an
explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.
More specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes include #$Grief,
#$SelfConfidence, etc.")

;;; #$Configuration
(#$isa #$Configuration #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$Configuration #$SituationType)
(#$genls #$Configuration #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$genls #$Configuration #$StaticSituation)
(#$comment #$Configuration "#$Configuration is a subset of #$StaticSituation.  Each #$Configuration is a static configuration, existing over time, of two or more tangible objects.  The #$StaticSituations that aren't #$Configurations are those which don't involve tangible objects; for example, reified relationships among agents such as #$InCustody).")

;;; #$CongenitalCondition
(#$isa #$CongenitalCondition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$CongenitalCondition #$PhysiologicalCondition)
(#$comment #$CongenitalCondition "A collection of ailments.  An instance of #$CongenitalCondition is an #$AilmentCondition that is present in an afflicted organism from the time of gestation (i.e. before birth), whether or not it is a #$GeneticCondition.  Two example types of #$CongenitalCondition are congenital herpes and congenital heroin addiction.  A #$CongenitalCondition may be caused by behavior of the mother during pregnancy.  Birth defects (such as having an extra toe) are #$CongenitalConditions.  Injuries sustained during the delivery itself are not #$CongenitalConditions.  Thus if forceps are used and the infant is scarred, brain-damaged or killed as a result, the situation is not an element of this collection.")

;;; #$ConnectedPathSystem
(#$isa #$ConnectedPathSystem #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ConnectedPathSystem #$Thing)
(#$comment #$ConnectedPathSystem "The collection of all connected #$PathSystems that are not in separate pieces.  For any different points X and Y in such a system SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS that both X and Y are on.  Another way to put this is that SYS is an instance of #$ConnectedPathSystem iff for any different points X and Y in SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS such that (#$pathBetweenInSystem PATH X Y SYS) holds.  Note that according to this definition, a connected path system does not have to contain a link--a path system containing a single node will be a connected path system.  If a connected path system contains a link, nevertheless, every two different points must be connected by a path. Note also that because of our treatment of path (see #$pathInSystem) and our restriction of points in SYS that are not nodes (see #$nodeInSystem), that there is a path between every two points in SYS is equivalent to that there is a path between every two nodes in Sys.")

;;; #$ConnectingTogether
(#$isa #$ConnectingTogether #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$ConnectingTogether #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ConnectingTogether #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$ConnectingTogether #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$ConnectingTogether "A collection of events.  In a #$ConnectingTogether event, two or more tangible things get connected together by means of some sort of connector or fastener.  Some specializations of this include welding, buckling-up, using nailing, tying-up, etc.  #$ConnectingTogether need not be a spec of #$Movement-TranslationEvent since two objects being connected may be already at rest with each other.")

;;; #$ConnectionPredicate
(#$isa #$ConnectionPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$ConnectionPredicate #$CotemporalPredicate)
(#$comment #$ConnectionPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$ConnectionPredicate is a predicate that specifies physical connections between objects.  Examples: #$nailedTo, #$rivetedTo, #$connectedTo-Rigidly, #$rotationallyConnectedTo, #$hangsFrom, #$in-Embedded.")

;;; #$Connector
(#$isa #$Connector #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Connector #$NonPoweredDevice)
(#$comment #$Connector "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$Connector is a device which connects two objects.  A connector (or part of it) may be a part incorporated into one or both of the objects connected, or a connector may be a totally separate device.  Examples include elements of the collections #$ButtonTheFastener, #$Staple, #$Nail, and many more.")

;;; #$Constructing
(#$isa #$Constructing #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Constructing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Constructing #$MakingSomething)
(#$comment #$Constructing "A collection of events.  In each #$Constructing event, one or more #$ConstructionArtifacts, such as a house, are made or incrementally enlarged or remodeled.")

;;; #$ConstructionArtifact
(#$isa #$ConstructionArtifact #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ConstructionArtifact #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$ConstructionArtifact #$SolidTangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$ConstructionArtifact "A collection of artificial tangible objects.  Each element of #$ConstructionArtifact is a structure designed and built by humans.  This collection includes buildings and parts of buildings, as well as things like dams, railroad lines, and roads.  Examples: the #$RomanColiseum, the #$ArcDeTriomphe, #$HooverDam, the #$WorldTradeCenter, #$HollyWoodBowl.  For further information, see #$FixedStructure, an important subset.")

;;; #$ConstructionCompany
(#$isa #$ConstructionCompany #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ConstructionCompany #$Business)
(#$genls #$ConstructionCompany #$CommercialServiceOrganization)
(#$comment #$ConstructionCompany "A collection of businesses.  An element of #$ConstructionCompany is a business whose #$MainFunction is constructing buildings, houses, dams, roads, bridges, or other large structures.")

;;; #$Consultant
(#$isa #$Consultant #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Consultant #$BusinessPerson)
(#$genls #$Consultant #$Professional)
(#$comment #$Consultant "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$Consultant works with some business in a consulting capacity.  Consultants can be self employed, or they can work for a consulting company.")

;;; #$ConsumableProduct
(#$isa #$ConsumableProduct #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$ConsumableProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$ConsumableProduct #$TangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$ConsumableProduct "A collection of tangible stuff; a subset of #$TangibleProduct.  Each element of #$ConsumableProduct is a product of which any portion can be used only once.  A portion of a #$ConsumableProduct is `used up', i.e., destroyed or transformed into an unusable or waste form, during normal use.  Note: `consumable' here does mean necessarily consumed by mouth; the consumption may be any use of the product.")

;;; #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
(#$isa #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink #$DirectedTranslation)
(#$genls #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink "A collection of events.  Each element of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink is an event in which a person or other animal ingests some portion of food or drink through its mouth.  This collection generically covers eating or drinking, by a single person, of a meal- or snack-sized portion of food.  For more detail, see the subsets #$EatingEvent and #$DrinkingEvent.  For eating or drinking with a social group, see #$HavingAMeal.  Note: #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink does NOT include intravenous infusion of nutrients or chewing of gum.")

;;; #$ContactLocation
(#$isa #$ContactLocation #$ContactLocationType)
(#$genls #$ContactLocation #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$ContactLocation "A collection of spatial objects.   Each element of #$ContactLocation is a point at which some particular agent (e.g., corporation or person) may be contacted by any of several means, for any of several purposes.  #$ContactLocation includes any place to which one may direct one or more of the following: letters, packages, phone calls or voice messages, bills, email, faxes, pages, subpoenas.  Contact locations must be particular--e.g., my house or my office or even my secretary, but not simply `Austin'.")

;;; #$ContactLocationType
(#$isa #$ContactLocationType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ContactLocationType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$ContactLocationType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$ContactLocationType is a collection of places  at which a particular agent may be contacted; such collections may be characterized in several different ways: (a) by method of contact (e.g., #$VoicePhoneLocation, #$FaxLocation); (b) by purpose of contact (e.g., #$BillingLocation, #$ShippingLocation, #$EmergencyContact); (c) by the agent's relationship to those places (e.g., #$HumanResidence, #$Workplace).  Note that particular places may fall under different subsets of #$ContactLocationType for different agents; for example, one person's home might be another's vacation location.")

;;; #$ContainerProduct
(#$isa #$ContainerProduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ContainerProduct #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$ContainerProduct #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$ContainerProduct "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$ContainerProduct is an object whose #$primaryFunction (or one of whose main functions) is to be a container.  Examples are of staggering variety, including storage containers for books, office records, food, clothing, tools, and materials; containers for transporting the same; passenger compartments of various kinds of vehicles; artificial constructs for housing humans and animals; etc., etc.  Instances of #$Crib, #$Sandbox, #$OfficeSpace, and #$Coffin.")

;;; #$Contempt
(#$isa #$Contempt #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Contempt #$Dislike)
(#$genls #$Contempt #$Disapproval)
(#$comment #$Contempt "Emotion characterized by vehement condemnation of its object as being low, vile, feeble, or ignominious.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Contempt are #$Hate, #$Abhorrence, etc. ")

;;; #$Continent
(#$isa #$Continent #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Continent #$LandBody)
(#$genls #$Continent #$LandTopographicalFeature)
(#$comment #$Continent "A collection of topographical features.  The elements of #$Continent are the seven main land masses on the surface of the earth (plus Eurasia added as a super-region of Europe and Asia).  Elements: #$ContinentOfAfrica, #$ContinentOfAntarctica, #$ContinentOfAsia, #$Australia, #$ContinentOfEurope, #$ContinentOfEurasia, #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica, #$ContinentOfSouthAmerica.")

;;; #$ContinentOfAfrica
(#$isa #$ContinentOfAfrica #$Entity)
(#$isa #$ContinentOfAfrica #$Continent)
(#$comment #$ContinentOfAfrica "The second largest continent, located north and south of the #$Equator in the #$EasternHemisphere-Region.  Africa is connected to Asia by the narrow #$Isthmus of Suez; it includes #$Madagascar and other offshore islands.")

;;; #$ContinentOfAsia
(#$isa #$ContinentOfAsia #$Entity)
(#$isa #$ContinentOfAsia #$Continent)
(#$comment #$ContinentOfAsia "The world's largest continent, joined in the west with Europe (which may be considered a peninsula of Asia) to form the Eurasian land mass (#$ContinentOfEurasia).  The #$ContinentOfAsia occupies much of the northern half of the #$EasternHemisphere-Region.")

;;; #$ContinentOfEurope
(#$isa #$ContinentOfEurope #$Entity)
(#$isa #$ContinentOfEurope #$Continent)
(#$comment #$ContinentOfEurope "The sixth largest continent; includes adjacent islands.  The #$ContinentOfEurope is separated from the #$ContinentOfAsia by the #$UralMountains.")

;;; #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica
(#$isa #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica #$Continent)
(#$isa #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica #$Entity)
(#$comment #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica "The continent in the northern and #$WesternHemisphere-Region. North America includes #$CentralAmerica-Region as well as the #$WestIndies-Archipelago as #$geographicalSubRegions.")

;;; #$ContinentOfSouthAmerica
(#$isa #$ContinentOfSouthAmerica #$Continent)
(#$isa #$ContinentOfSouthAmerica #$Entity)
(#$comment #$ContinentOfSouthAmerica "The continent in the western and southern hemisphere.")

;;; #$ContractNegotiation
(#$isa #$ContractNegotiation #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$ContractNegotiation #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ContractNegotiation #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$ContractNegotiation #$Negotiating)
(#$comment #$ContractNegotiation "The collection of negotiations intended to lead to the formation of a contract between the participants (or the parties they represent in the negotiations).")

;;; #$ControlDevice
(#$isa #$ControlDevice #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ControlDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ControlDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$ControlDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$ControlDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to control the behavior/functioning/properties of another thing (usually another instance of #$PhysicalDevice).  Obvious instances of #$ControlDevice include: the remote control for your TV (an instance of #$RemoteControlDevice), the brake pedal on your car (an instance of #$Pedal-ControlDevice), the light switch on your bedroom wall (an instance of #$ElectricalSwitch); a less obvious instance of #$ControlDevice is #$HooverDam (an instance of #$Dam).")

;;; #$ControlledLand
(#$isa #$ControlledLand #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ControlledLand #$CountrySubsidiary)
(#$genls #$ControlledLand #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$comment #$ControlledLand "A collection of geopolitical entities.  Each element of #$ControlledLand is a geopolitical entity that is controlled to some extent by a foreign power.  Examples: #$PuertoRico, #$Bermuda, #$Guadeloupe-TheDependency, #$Tibet.")

;;; #$ControllingSomething
(#$isa #$ControllingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$ControllingSomething #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$ControllingSomething #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$genls #$ControllingSomething #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$ControllingSomething "A collection of events; a subset of #$PurposefulAction.  An instance of #$ControllingSomething is a purposeful action in which some #$Agent intentionally controls some object.  It is not necessary that the agent touch the #$objectControlled, only that s/he have an efficacious means of controlling its action -- thus, instances of #$ControllingSomething include all instances of #$GuidingAMovingObject (some of which involve a #$RemoteControlDevice).  Further subsets: #$HandlingAnObject, #$Braking, #$SteeringADeviceByHand, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$CuttingFabric,  #$CarryingWhileLocomoting, #$FlushingAToilet, etc.  Whenever a #$ControlDevice (qv) is being used, for its primary function, presumably a #$ControllingSomething event is taking place.  Borderline examples include having a conversation by telephone, doing the dishes by hand, and having a cat as a pet.")

;;; #$ConventionalClassificationSystem
(#$isa #$ConventionalClassificationSystem #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$ConventionalClassificationSystem #$AbstractInformation)
(#$comment #$ConventionalClassificationSystem "The collection of all agreed-upon or conventional classification systems, each consisting of #$ConventionalClassificationTypes.  In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic facts about the actual objects in the category.  (This applies only to named or known classification systems or schemas, and not to everything under the sun as might be urged by some 1990's-era postmodernist deconstructionist literary criticism theorists.)")

;;; #$ConventionalClassificationType
(#$isa #$ConventionalClassificationType #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$ConventionalClassificationType #$AbstractInformation)
(#$comment #$ConventionalClassificationType "The collection of all those collections (of #$Things) that each correspond to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (a #$ConventionalClassificationSystem).  In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic facts about the actual objects in the category.  (This applies only to named, known classification systems or schemas, and not to everything under the sun as might be urged by some 1990's-era postmodernist deconstructionist literary criticism theorists.)")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$ConventionalClassificationType #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SOCIAL-OBJECT")

;;; #$Convex
(#$isa #$Convex #$CurvatureOfSurface)
(#$comment #$Convex "A surface attribute meaning that the surface's overall shape is dominated by an outward bulge or mound, or consists of projecting corners between planes.  In most contexts, it may have relatively small subregions which are concave or flat, etc., so long as overall shape is convex.  Viewing something as convex assumes a perspective.  From the opposite perspective, on the `other side', a #$Convex surface would look #$Concave.")

;;; #$ConvexHullFn
(#$isa #$ConvexHullFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$ConvexHullFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$ConvexHullFn #$Surface-Abstract)
(#$arg1Isa #$ConvexHullFn #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$ConvexHullFn "(ConvexHullFn OBJECT) is a function applied to a #$SpatialThing (which may be a single object or a #$Group of several unconnected objects) and returns the surface that is the convex hull of the object or objects.  The convex hull encloses, precisely, all of OBJECT and all space that lies on a straight line between any two points that are parts of OBJECT.  The convex hull is a surface; see also #$ConvexHullSpaceFn.")

;;; #$ConvexHullSpaceFn
(#$isa #$ConvexHullSpaceFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$ConvexHullSpaceFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$ConvexHullSpaceFn #$SpatialThing)
(#$arg1Isa #$ConvexHullSpaceFn #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$ConvexHullSpaceFn "(ConvexHullSpaceFn OBJECT) is a function applied to a #$SpatialThing (which may be a single object or a #$Group of several unconnected objects) and returns the spatial region that is enclosed by the convex hull of the object or objects.  The convex hull encloses, precisely, all space that lies on a straight line between any two points that are parts of OBJECT.  The enclosed space is three or two dimensional and is not necessarily the hull surface itself; see also #$ConvexHullFn.")

;;; #$ConvexTangibleObject
(#$isa #$ConvexTangibleObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ConvexTangibleObject #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$ConvexTangibleObject "The collection of all #$TangibleThings that are #$Convex, i.e. have no significant #$Concave surfaces, cavities or #$Crevices.  A #$ConvexTangibleObject occupies about the same space as its convex hull; see #$ConvexHullFn and #$ConvexHullSpaceFn.  A solid physical sphere or cube are #$ConvexTangibleObjects but a cup or doughnut cannot be.  The size of allowable minor concavities depends on the context.")

;;; #$Conveyance
(#$isa #$Conveyance #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Conveyance #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Conveyance #$Artifact)
(#$comment #$Conveyance "A collection of concrete physical objects.  Each instance of #$Conveyance is intended for moving (at least partially tangible) things --- it could be a car, ship, plane, or other vehicle for transporting people; it could be a conveyor belt, a grocery bag, etc.  See also #$TransportationDevice which is used to axiomatize more specific kinds of conveying events in which the object doing the conveying actually moves along with the object being transported.  See #$TransportationEvent for the collection of events about this more specific kind of conveying event.  Some positive exemplars:  a gun, a car, a slingshot.  A borderline non-exemplar is a wire over which electricity, signals, etc. are moving.")

;;; #$Cooked
(#$isa #$Cooked #$PreparationAttribute)
(#$comment #$Cooked "The attribute #$Cooked is a #$PreparationAttribute (q.v.), describing
how a given item of #$Food has been prepared.  Food becomes #$Cooked
as the result of an event of #$CookingFood.  Specialized forms of
#$Cooked include #$Steamed, #$Baked, #$Microwaved and #$Grilled.")

;;; #$CookingFood
(#$isa #$CookingFood #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$CookingFood #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$CookingFood #$HeatingProcess)
(#$genls #$CookingFood #$PreparingFoodOrDrink)
(#$comment #$CookingFood "A collection of events.  Each element of #$CookingFood is an event in which some item of #$Food is prepared by heating it.  Typically, the foodstuff is heated until it reaches a certain temperature over some period of time, during which chemical and/or physical changes occur which are supposed to make the foodstuff healthier or tastier (or, in some cases, ethically acceptable).  A #$CookingFood event may last from a few minutes (e.g., #$SteamingFood (vegetables), #$MakingToast) to several hours (e.g., #$RoastingFood).  
Note:  #$SmokingFood is not a subset of #$CookingFood.  Food prepared by smoking (e.g., smoked ham, bacon) is `cured' by a chemical reaction with nitrates in the smoke, rather than being cooked by heat.  Cf. #$SmokingFood, #$SaltingFood.")

;;; #$CoolingProcess
(#$isa #$CoolingProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$CoolingProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$CoolingProcess #$TemperatureChangingProcess)
(#$comment #$CoolingProcess "#$CoolingProcess is a collection of events, and a subset of #$TemperatureChangingProcess.  During each #$CoolingProcess event, the temperature of the #$objectOfStateChange is decreased by removing heat from the object.")

;;; #$Corner-2d
(#$isa #$Corner-2d #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$Corner-2d #$Corner-2or3d)
(#$comment #$Corner-2d "The collection of all regions wherein two linear edges of a two dimensional or sheet-shaped object (i.e., considered in this context to be sheet shaped) meet to form an angle of substantially less than 180 degrees.  Polygons have at least three corners each.")

;;; #$Corner-2or3d
(#$isa #$Corner-2or3d #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$Corner-2or3d #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$Corner-2or3d "The collection of all regions centered around a point where two edges of a sheet-like object meet at an angle or where three or more surfaces (together with three or more solid edges dividing them) meet at one place forming a solid angle.  Includes 2-dimensional corners and 3 dimensional corners.  Corners are either #$Convex or #$Concave with respect to some perspective.")

;;; #$Corner-3d
(#$isa #$Corner-3d #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$Corner-3d #$Corner-2or3d)
(#$comment #$Corner-3d "The collection of all regions where three or more surfaces of an object (which is considered three dimensional in current context), and three or more #$EdgeOnObjects, meet.  This includes corners of boxes, the tops of pyramids, etc.  Each #$Corner-3d includes some solid angle of part of the object.")

;;; #$CorporateOfficer
(#$isa #$CorporateOfficer #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$CorporateOfficer #$Leader)
(#$genls #$CorporateOfficer #$Administrator)
(#$comment #$CorporateOfficer "A collection of people.  An instance of #$CorporateOfficer is a person who is recognized as an officer of a corporation, as officially recorded in the corporate records of that corporation.  Common types of #$CorporateOfficer include #$CompanyPresident, #$CompanyVicePresident, Secretary and Treasurer of a corporation.")

;;; #$CorrosionResistance
(#$isa #$CorrosionResistance #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$CorrosionResistance #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$CorrosionResistance #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$CorrosionResistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each element of #$CorrosionResistance represents a specific level of resistance to corrosion of some tangible object.  Degrees of #$CorrosionResistance may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions.  Indicate a particular object's #$CorrosionResistance with the predicate #$resistanceToCorrosion.")

;;; #$CostBreakdownSlot
(#$isa #$CostBreakdownSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$CostBreakdownSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$CostBreakdownSlot #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$CostBreakdownSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$CostBreakdownSlot is a binary predicate used to describe some pecuniary aspect of an instance of #$Buying.  The first argument to every #$CostBreakdownSlot is an element of #$Buying and the second argument is always an instance of #$Money.  Examples: #$moneyTransferred, #$discount, #$salesTax, #$salesCommission.")

;;; #$CotemporalObjectsSlot
(#$isa #$CotemporalObjectsSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$CotemporalObjectsSlot #$CotemporalPredicate)
(#$genls #$CotemporalObjectsSlot #$InterExistingObjectSlot)
(#$comment #$CotemporalObjectsSlot "This is a subset of #$BinaryPredicate (hence the anachronistic `Slot' in its name).  It is also a subset of #$CotemporalPredicate.  Frankly, it is really just the intersection of #$CotemporalPredicate and #$BinaryPredicate, so it is strictly speaking superfluous, but has proven itself to be useful.  Suppose predicate P is an instance of #$CotemporalObjectsSlot.  If (P X Y) holds, then it must be the case that (#$cotemporal X Y).  For example, consider the binary predicate #$owns, which is an instance of #$CotemporalObjectsSlot.  To represent `Nick owned Spot in 1992' we could create the appropriate cotemporal subabstractions of each, and assert (#$owns NickIn1992 SpotIn1992), and this would satisfy the constraint introduced when we declared #$owns to be a #$CotemporalObjectsSlot.  More tersely, we could use #$holdsIn (qv) and just assert (#$holdsIn (#$YearFn 1992) (#$owns Nick Spot)), since #$holdsIn implicitly treats instances of #$SomethingExisting as their appropriate subabstractions.  Alternatively, we could create a context (a microtheory) one of whose assumptions was a temporal one, limiting all axioms to holding during 1992, and then in that context we could simply assert (#$owns Nick Spot).  But it would be incorrect to assert (#$owns Nick Spot) in the #$BaseKB, since Nick as a baby and Nick as an old man didn't/won't own Spot.")

;;; #$CotemporalPredicate
(#$isa #$CotemporalPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$CotemporalPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$CotemporalPredicate "A collection of Cyc predicates.  Each element of #$CotemporalPredicate is a Cyc predicate whose temporal arguments (i.e., arguments having a temporal extent) must be #$cotemporal, i.e., they have the same temporal starting points and ending points.  Moreover, all the temporal arguments of all the cotemporal predicates involved in a single axiom must be #$cotemporal.  Since this is a very common and important relationship, we'll consider a detailed example.   If I say `Fred owns a Camaro', what I really mean is that some #$subAbstrac (i.e., a time-slice) of Fred, over some time interval INT (e.g., 1993-1995), owns some #$subAbstrac of that Camaro, which exists over that very same time interval INT.  Fred may have owned many cars before and since, and that Camaro may have had many owners before and since, but one time-slice of Fred owned one time-slice of that car.  Common sense tells us that the time interval (INT) must have been the same in both cases; Cyc can infer this commonsensical conclusion from our having told it that #$owns is a cotemporal relation, i.e., (#$isa #$owns #$CotemporalPredicate).  A ternary example is `between', as in `Lucy is between Fred and Ethel'.  Not all predicates are elements of #$CotemporalPredicate, of course; consider `remembers' -- I (today) remember my father as he was forty years ago.  There are some borderline cases here; #$sees clearly belongs to #$CotemporalPredicate, but in the case of someone smelling another object (cf. #$smells) it is less clearcut, since one can smell an object that has ceased to exist.")

;;; #$Coulomb
(#$isa #$Coulomb #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Coulomb #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Coulomb #$UnitOfCharge)
(#$isa #$Coulomb #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Coulomb #$ElectricalCharge)
(#$resultIsa #$Coulomb #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Coulomb #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Coulomb "This is the basic unit of measure for charge in the metric system and in CYC.")

;;; #$CounterfactualContext
(#$isa #$CounterfactualContext #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$CounterfactualContext #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$CounterfactualContext #$Microtheory)
(#$comment #$CounterfactualContext "The collection of microtheories that are each assumed to include at least one counterfactual assertion: an assertion which is believed to be untrue in the real world.  It may be, however, that there is no explicit counterfactual assertion in a given #$CounterfactualContext.  In particular, it is not required that there be any explicit contradiction of assertions in the #$genlMts of the #$CounterfactualContext.  But intuitively speaking, most adults would be reticent about trusting too strongly in a propositon whose only justification was in a #$CounterfactualContext.  All works of fiction relate events that transpire in counterfactual contexts.  Examples:  #$WorldMythologyMt, #$PaddingtonBearStoriesMt, #$ChristmasMythologyMt.")

;;; #$Country
(#$isa #$Country #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Country #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$comment #$Country "A collection of geopolitical entities.  An element of #$Country is a nation-state having its own territory, population, and government, whether or not it is fully independent.  For example, #$Scotland is an element of #$Country, even though it is a part of the #$UnitedKingdomOfGreatBritainAndNorthernIreland.  Cf. #$IndependentCountry.")

;;; #$CountrySubsidiary
(#$isa #$CountrySubsidiary #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CountrySubsidiary #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$comment #$CountrySubsidiary "A collection of geopolitical entities.  Each element of #$CountrySubsidiary is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country.  This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C.  This class is somewhat artificial but is useful when representing addresses.")

;;; #$County
(#$isa #$County #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType)
(#$genls #$County #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$comment #$County "A collection of geopolitical entities.  An element of #$County is a lesser geopolitical region, having an area typically larger than a #$City but smaller than a #$State-Geopolitical.  Traditionally, a #$County area was within one day's horseback ride from the County Seat.")

;;; #$CountyGovernment
(#$isa #$CountyGovernment #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CountyGovernment #$RegionalGovernment)
(#$comment #$CountyGovernment "The collection of all #$County governments.")

;;; #$CourseDuringAMeal
(#$isa #$CourseDuringAMeal #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$CourseDuringAMeal #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$comment #$CourseDuringAMeal "A collection of events.  Each element of #$CourseDuringAMeal is an event in which one or more diners at a meal consume a single course.  Examples include the elements of #$AppetizerCourse, #$MainCourse, #$DessertCourse.")

;;; #$Court-Judicial
(#$isa #$Court-Judicial #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Court-Judicial #$Organization)
(#$comment #$Court-Judicial "A collection of organizations which are judicial agents.  An element of #$Court-Judicial is an established judicial court, i.e., an enduring governmental #$Organization whose #$primaryFunction is to settle disputes by means of legal reasoning by one or more #$Judges.  Typically, a court's orders are enforced by some other agency belonging to the government of which that court is a part.  The collection #$Court-Judicial includes federal, state, county, and municipal courts, appellate and chancery courts, tax courts, courts of claims, courts-martial (if non-temporary), admiralty courts, courts of chivalry, American Indian tribal courts, and the Permanent Court of International Justice.  It excludes Gypsy/Rom Kris courts, nonjudicial administrative county courts, stannaries, and temporary #$Tribunals.")

;;; #$CourtesyTitle
(#$isa #$CourtesyTitle #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$CourtesyTitle #$Title)
(#$comment #$CourtesyTitle "The collection of #$Titles, such as  Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss, Dr., etc., which precede names in Anglo-American addressing custom.")

;;; #$Cracking
(#$isa #$Cracking #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Cracking #$SeparationEvent)
(#$genls #$Cracking #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$Cracking #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$Cracking "A collection of change events.  In each #$Cracking, something becomes cracked.  I.e., two or more areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not divided wholly into parts).  In order to undergo a #$Cracking, the #$objectOfStateChange must be in a #$SolidStateOfMatter.")

;;; #$CreationEvent
(#$isa #$CreationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$CreationEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$CreationEvent #$Action)
(#$genls #$CreationEvent #$CreationOrDestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$CreationEvent "A collection of events.  In each element of #$CreationEvent, at least one instance of #$Entity (the #$outputsCreated) is brought into existence.")

;;; #$CreationOrDestructionEvent
(#$isa #$CreationOrDestructionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$CreationOrDestructionEvent #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$CreationOrDestructionEvent "A collection of events.  During each element of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent, one or more instances of #$Entity come into or go out of existence.  Elements of this collection are the sorts of events that have #$inputs, #$outputs, #$products, #$wasteProducts, and #$byProducts.  Examples of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent would include a particular campfire (a #$CombustionProcess), manufacturing a particular car, etc.")

;;; #$Credential
(#$isa #$Credential #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Credential #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$genls #$Credential #$AbstractInformation)
(#$genls #$Credential #$MentalObject)
(#$genls #$Credential #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$Credential "A collection of intangible objects which consist of propositional information about an agent.  #$Credential is a subset of #$PropositionalInformationThing (q.v.).  Each element of #$Credential is specific information about one agent, provided by another agent; the information content of a credential consists of favorable, enabling, or empowering propositional declarations.  As represented in Cyc, credentials are intangible information, but each element of #$Credential usually has some associated physical document (e.g., a diploma associated with a college degree, a driver's license).  A credential may certify that the holder (i.e., the subject of the credential) has a particular skill (e.g., legal bar certification, ability to drive); has completed certain training (e.g., GED schooling, Ph.D. requirements; is allowed to do a certain thing (e.g., travel visa, permission slip); and so on.  Recommendations are considered a kind of credential.")

;;; #$CreditCard
(#$isa #$CreditCard #$MoneyTenderType)
(#$genls #$CreditCard #$TenderObject)
(#$genls #$CreditCard #$Card)
(#$genls #$CreditCard #$IDDocument)
(#$genls #$CreditCard #$OfficialDocument)
(#$genls #$CreditCard #$FinancialAccountTenderObject)
(#$comment #$CreditCard "A collection of plastic cards.  Each element of #$CreditCard is a piece of plastic that enables authorized users to spend the card-issuing company's money, drawn as a (usually unsecured) loan through an associated instance of #$CreditCardAccount under a pre-arranged credit agreement.  The credit card company credits the vendor of the purchased goods or services and bills the card user, usually with interest.")

;;; #$Crevice
(#$isa #$Crevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Crevice #$Cavity)
(#$comment #$Crevice "The collection of all long, slender cavities or cracks or furrows in otherwise solid objects.")

;;; #$CrimeDetection
(#$isa #$CrimeDetection #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$CrimeDetection #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$CrimeDetection #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$CrimeDetection #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$CrimeDetection "This is the actual act of detecting a crime.")

;;; #$CubicCentimeter
(#$isa #$CubicCentimeter #$UnitOfVolume)
(#$isa #$CubicCentimeter #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$CubicCentimeter #$CGSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$CubicCentimeter #$Volume)
(#$resultIsa #$CubicCentimeter #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$CubicCentimeter #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$CubicCentimeter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the Metric cc, a unit of measure for volume.  See also #$CGSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Currency
(#$isa #$Currency #$MoneyTenderType)
(#$genls #$Currency #$PortableObject)
(#$genls #$Currency #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$genls #$Currency #$TenderObject)
(#$genls #$Currency #$VisualInformationSource)
(#$comment #$Currency "A collection of physical objects.  An instance of #$Currency is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender (i.e., not checks or credit cards) and used as a means of transferring a quantity of #$Money between some elements of #$Agent.  Elements of #$Currency may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts.  Elements of #$Currency are typically backed by and issued by national governments.
Note: This collection includes all instances of legal tender, worldwide and historically.  But, for better or worse, the notion of legal tender is context-dependent.  Normally what counts as currency is relative to the country one is in; legal tender in the United States is not the same as legal tender in China.  (Though US dollars may have excellent value on the black market.)  What counts as legal tender depends on historical events as well, since a government may change, withdraw, or cancel some types of currency it previously authorized.  Also, conquest of one country by another usually brings about the collapse of the loser's currency.  A Confederate ten dollar bill, e.g., is not an element of #$Currency in the context of twentieth century Alabama, even though it belongs to #$Currency in a different context.")

;;; #$CurvatureOfSurface
(#$isa #$CurvatureOfSurface #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$CurvatureOfSurface #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$CurvatureOfSurface "The collection of all surface curvature attributes.  These may apply to a particular piece of a surface of an object, or to the whole surface.  For real-world (non-mathematical) surfaces, there is ordinarily some tolerance for minor surface deviations that depends on the context.  Thus a 'flat' surface may have relatively small bumps and crevices.")

;;; #$CuttingDevice
(#$isa #$CuttingDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$CuttingDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$CuttingDevice "A collection of devices.  An instance of #$CuttingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to (enable its user to) cut another object.  Subsets of #$CuttingDevice include the collections #$Razors, #$Scissors, #$LawnMowers,and more.")

;;; #$Cyc
(#$isa #$Cyc #$TheTerm)
(#$isa #$Cyc #$Cyclist)
(#$comment #$Cyc "A computer program -- in fact, THIS computer program! -- which is also a Cyclist, hence entitled to inspect, modify, add, and delete units.")

;;; #$CycELVariable
(#$isa #$CycELVariable #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$CycELVariable #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycELVariable #$CycSystemVariable)
(#$genls #$CycELVariable #$CycSystemSymbol)
(#$comment #$CycELVariable "The collection of variables that appear in elements of #$CycExpression.  Strings used for elements of #$CycELVariable must begin with the character `?'; e.g., ?X, ?AGENT, ?PROP.")

;;; #$CycExpression
(#$isa #$CycExpression #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$isa #$CycExpression #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycExpression #$AbstractInformation)
(#$genls #$CycExpression #$ComputationalObject)
(#$genls #$CycExpression #$Individual)
(#$comment #$CycExpression "The collection of all syntactically legal CycL expressions.  Note that CycL is NOT just first-order:  this collection includes sets and propositions, as well as individuals and predicates.")

;;; #$CycFormula
(#$isa #$CycFormula #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$isa #$CycFormula #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycFormula #$Proposition)
(#$genls #$CycFormula #$LinguisticObject)
(#$genls #$CycFormula #$CycExpression)
(#$comment #$CycFormula "The collection of all well-formed CycL formulas.  Every Cyc formula is a Cyc expression and a proposition; #$CycFormula is a subset of both #$CycExpression and #$Proposition.  Example: (#$and (#$isa #$Pittman #$HumanCyclist) (#$residesInRegion #$Pittman #$CityOfAustinTX)).   For a thorough discussion of what constitutes a well-formed CycL formula, see the Cyc documentation.")

;;; #$CycIndexedTerm
(#$isa #$CycIndexedTerm #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycIndexedTerm #$Thing)
(#$comment #$CycIndexedTerm "Elements of #$CycIndexedTerm are objects that are indexed in the Cyc kb (e.g., kb constants, kb assertions).")

;;; #$CycSystemAtom
(#$isa #$CycSystemAtom #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$CycSystemAtom #$CycSystemListOrAtom)
(#$comment #$CycSystemAtom "A collection of the atomic data belonging to the CycL substrate of the Cyc System.  Elements of #$CycSystemAtom cannot be decomposed (e.g., a symbol).")

;;; #$CycSystemAtomWithValue
(#$isa #$CycSystemAtomWithValue #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$CycSystemAtomWithValue #$CycSystemAtom)
(#$comment #$CycSystemAtomWithValue "A sub-collection of the atomic data belonging to the CycL substrate of the Cyc System.  Each element of #$CycSystemAtomWithValue is an atomic datum that has a value (e.g., 2) associated with it.")

;;; #$CycSystemList
(#$isa #$CycSystemList #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$CycSystemList #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycSystemList #$List-Sequence)
(#$genls #$CycSystemList #$CycSystemListOrAtom)
(#$genls #$CycSystemList #$Individual)
(#$comment #$CycSystemList "A collection of tuples (see #$Tuple).  Each element of #$CycSystemList is an ordered list of items enclosed in parentheses.  Cyc system lists are those things that pass the #$defnIff LISTP, i.e., those things considered by the Cyc System to be lists.")

;;; #$CycSystemListOrAtom
(#$isa #$CycSystemListOrAtom #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$CycSystemListOrAtom #$CycSystemObject)
(#$comment #$CycSystemListOrAtom "A collection including both the lists and the atomic data belonging to the CycL substrate of the Cyc System.")

;;; #$CycSystemObject
(#$isa #$CycSystemObject #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$CycSystemObject #$ComputationalObject)
(#$comment #$CycSystemObject "The collection of computational (i.e., abstract, intangible, syntactically structured) objects which make up Cyc's CycL-based system.")

;;; #$CycSystemRealNumber
(#$isa #$CycSystemRealNumber #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$CycSystemRealNumber #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycSystemRealNumber #$CycSystemAtomWithValue)
(#$genls #$CycSystemRealNumber #$RealNumber)
(#$comment #$CycSystemRealNumber "#$CycSystemRealNumber is the set of all numbers which satisfy the #$defnSufficient NUMBERP (i.e., the set of numbers which are considered reals or integers by CycL).  Thus, 3.14, 0, and -0.004 are legitimate elements of #$CycSystemRealNumber.  But (#$Meter 6), (#$Unity 3.3), :34, #$PlusInfinity, and Avogadro's number are NOT legitimate elements of #$CycSystemRealNumber.")

;;; #$CycSystemString
(#$isa #$CycSystemString #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycSystemString #$CycSystemAtom)
(#$genls #$CycSystemString #$Individual)
(#$comment #$CycSystemString "Each #$CycSystemString is a sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes")

;;; #$CycSystemSymbol
(#$isa #$CycSystemSymbol #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$CycSystemSymbol #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CycSystemSymbol #$CycSystemAtom)
(#$genls #$CycSystemSymbol #$Individual)
(#$comment #$CycSystemSymbol "A collection of symbolic atomic terms, namely, all those things that satisfy the  definition of a symbol in the Cyc system.  Every element of #$CycSystemSymbol satisfies the Heuristic Level (SubL) #$defnIff SYMBOLP.  Such terms cannot include numbers or strings (i.e., they must be symbolic), nor can they include lists, non-reified function terms, or axioms (i.e., they must be atomic).")

;;; #$CycSystemVariable
(#$isa #$CycSystemVariable #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$CycSystemVariable #$CycSystemSymbol)
(#$comment #$CycSystemVariable "The collection of atomic data, each element of which denotes a variable within CycL and therefore can have a value associated with it during inferencing.  #$CycSystemVariable excludes Cyc System symbols which designate constants or strings.")

;;; #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType
(#$isa #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection)
(#$comment #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType "(#$isa ?X #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType) means that ?X is a collection of interval types whose instances recur in a set pattern throughout all of calendar history.  ?X must partition all of time: the elements of ?X must be mutually disjoint, and unioned altogether they must encompass all time.  For example, ?X could be the set of the seven calendar days (Monday through Sunday), or the set of the twelve calendar months (January through December).  I.e., (#$isa #$DayOfWeekType #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType) and (#$isa #$MonthOfYearType #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType).  `Recurring in a set pattern' generally means that one can put the elements of ?X in order, say X1, X2,..., Xn, and there will be an instance of X1 immediately followed by an instance of X2 (that instance x2a of X2 will be #$contiguousAfter that instance x1a of X1),  and there will be an instance of X3 immediately following that particular instance of X2, and there will be an instance of X4 immediately following that instance of X3, etc.  One final note:  when we arrange elements of ?X into such a pattern X1,...Xn (whose repetitions then `tile' all time), n may be larger than the cardinality of ?X.  E.g., ?X might be the set with just the 2 elements WeekendDay (the union of the set #$Saturday and the set #$Sunday) and WeekDay, and then the arrangement that tiles all time is 5 contiguous WeekDays followed by 2 contiguous WeekendDays.")

;;; #$Cyclist
(#$isa #$Cyclist #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Cyclist #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$Cyclist "The set of actors (mostly people) entitled to inspect and modify the Cyc knowledge base")

;;; #$CyclistsMt
(#$isa #$CyclistsMt #$Microtheory)
(#$genlMt #$CyclistsMt #$BaseKB)
(#$comment #$CyclistsMt "A #$Microtheory for stating basic hierarchical (#$isa and #$genls) information pertaining to users of #$Cyc.")

;;; #$CylinderFn
(#$isa #$CylinderFn #$ShapeFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$CylinderFn #$ThreeDimensionalShape)
(#$resultIsa #$CylinderFn #$AbstractShape)
(#$arg1Isa #$CylinderFn #$Distance)
(#$arg2Isa #$CylinderFn #$Distance)
(#$comment #$CylinderFn "The Cyc function #$CylinderFn is a #$ShapeFunction (q.v.).  (#$CylinderFn L D) that returns an abstract cylinder of length L and diameter D.  For example, a particular beer mug #$canContainShapes (#$CylinderFn (#$Inch 10) (#$Inch 5)).")

;;; #$DailyPersonalCleaning
(#$isa #$DailyPersonalCleaning #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$DailyPersonalCleaning #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DailyPersonalCleaning #$Cleaning)
(#$comment #$DailyPersonalCleaning "A collection of events.  Each #$DailyPersonalCleaning encompasses the standard cleaning and grooming activities that an animal engages in over the course of a day.  Such a `daily routine' is almost sure to include many brief grooming and cleaning actions, such as licking one's paws, combing one's hair, washing one's hands, shaving, bathing, etc., and those are sub-events of that #$DailyPersonalCleaning event.  For example, a human's #$DailyPersonalCleaning might have a #$TeethCleaning as one of its sub-events, along with a #$TakingABath, two instances of #$CombingHair, etc.  
Note:  Those specialized kinds of events, like #$CombingHair, are NOT subsets of #$DailyPersonalCleaning, since it would be abnormal for someone to JUST comb their hair each day (and do absolutely no other daily cleaning activity whatsoever).
Note:  In the context #$HumanActivitiesMt --- where all the performers of actions are, by default, human beings --- #$DailyPersonalCleaning designates human grooming activities only.  In that microtheory, dog-grooming performed by human beings does not constitute #$DailyPersonalCleaning, even if it happens on a daily basis for some pampered poodle, as it is not PERSONAL (i.e, self-) cleaning.")

;;; #$Database-AbstractContent
(#$isa #$Database-AbstractContent #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Database-AbstractContent #$IndexedInfoSource)
(#$comment #$Database-AbstractContent "The collection of all databases, as abstract repositories of information rather than as physical storage devices.   A database generally has some means of accessing the data from structured records, frames or relational structures, using some query language.  A particular #$Database-AbstractContent may exist in multiple copies, and may be distributed over several different physical data storage sites: see also #$Database-Physical.")

;;; #$Database-Physical
(#$isa #$Database-Physical #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Database-Physical #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject)
(#$genls #$Database-Physical #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$genls #$Database-Physical #$StructuredInformationSource)
(#$comment #$Database-Physical "A collection of information 
bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of 
#$StructuredInformationSource.  Each element of #$Database-Physical 
is an IBO that stores many pieces of information, organized 
for easy scanning and access.  Typically, a data base 
involves one or more formatted data record schemes, 
together with some device for searching and retrieving data.  
Note that, as an IBO, a #$Database-Physical is some particular,
tangible copy of a database. To refer to the abstract 'content'
of a database, use #$Database-AbstractContent.")

;;; #$Date
(#$isa #$Date #$Collection)
(#$isa #$Date #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Date #$TemporalThing)
(#$genls #$Date #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$Date "#$Date is a subset of #$TimeInterval.  A #$Date is any #$TimeInterval which can be defined purely by its location on the calendar.  Thus a #$Date could be a particular calendar day, a particular calendar quarter, a particular calendar month, a particular decade, etc.  So the subsets of #$Date include #$CalendarMinute, #$CalendarQuarter, etc., as well as #$CalendarDay.")

;;; #$DateAfterFn
(#$not 
  (#$isa #$DateAfterFn #$ModalRelationship))
(#$isa #$DateAfterFn #$EvaluatableFunction)
(#$isa #$DateAfterFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$DateAfterFn #$Date)
(#$arg1Isa #$DateAfterFn #$Date)
(#$arg2Isa #$DateAfterFn #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$DateAfterFn "Like #$PlusFn, but for #$Dates.  (#$DateAfterFn ?DATE ?DUR) returns a #$Date which is ?DUR amount of time after ?DATE.  For example, (#$DateAfterFn (#$YearFn 1950) (#$YearsDuration 10)) returns (#$YearFn 1960).  See also #$DateBeforeFn, #$TimeElapsedFn.")

;;; #$DateBeforeFn
(#$not 
  (#$isa #$DateBeforeFn #$ModalRelationship))
(#$isa #$DateBeforeFn #$EvaluatableFunction)
(#$isa #$DateBeforeFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$DateBeforeFn #$Date)
(#$arg1Isa #$DateBeforeFn #$Date)
(#$arg2Isa #$DateBeforeFn #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$DateBeforeFn "Like #$DifferenceFn, but for #$Dates.  (#$DateBeforeFn ?DATE ?DUR) returns a #$Date which is ?DUR amount of time before ?DATE.  For example, (#$DateBeforeFn (#$YearFn 1999) (#$YearsDuration 1)) returns (#$YearFn 1998).   See also #$DateAfterFn, #$TimeElapsedFn.")

;;; #$Dawn
(#$isa #$Dawn #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Dawn #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Dawn #$Twilight)
(#$genls #$Dawn #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Dawn "Each instance of #$Dawn is a dimly-lit period before a #$Sunrise.")

;;; #$DayFn
(#$isa #$DayFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$DayFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$DayFn #$CalendarDay)
(#$arg1Isa #$DayFn #$PositiveInteger)
(#$arg2Isa #$DayFn #$CalendarMonth)
(#$comment #$DayFn "(#$DayFn ?D ?MNTH) denotes a #$CalendarDay -- in particular, the day number ?D of month ?MNTH.  For example, (#$DayFn 14 (#$MonthFn #$February (#$YearFn 1966))) denotes Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; #$DaysDuration
(#$isa #$DaysDuration #$UnitOfTime)
(#$isa #$DaysDuration #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$DaysDuration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$DaysDuration #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$DaysDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$argsIsa #$DaysDuration #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$DaysDuration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of #$Time.  An expression of the form (#$DaysDuration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is at least ?min Days and at most ?max Days.  (#$DaysDuration ?num) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is exactly ?num days.")

;;; #$DaytimeWorkingHours
(#$isa #$DaytimeWorkingHours #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$DaytimeWorkingHours #$TimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$DaytimeWorkingHours "#$DaytimeWorkingHours is a set of time intervals.  The length of each of those intervals, and their #$startingPoint and #$endingPoint, are defined by the bulk of a working population performing their daily jobs.  The schedule varies by context -- i.e. which group of workers are being considered -- and the boundaries are fuzzy.  This fuzziness makes the concept more useful in many ways, though, not less useful.")

;;; #$DeadAnimal
(#$isa #$DeadAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$DeadAnimal #$OrganicStuff)
(#$comment #$DeadAnimal "A subset of #$OrganicStuff (and not, of course, of #$Animal, whose elements must be alive).  Each element of #$DeadAnimal is a corpse or partial remains of an individual animal, somewhat intact, and prior to any butchering, burning, cooking, dissolving, or fully decomposing.")

;;; #$DeadLanguage
(#$isa #$DeadLanguage #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$DeadLanguage #$NaturalLanguage)
(#$comment #$DeadLanguage "A subset of #$NaturalLanguage.  Each element of #$DeadLanguage is a natural language that is no longer spoken as a native language.")

;;; #$December
(#$isa #$December #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$December #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$DecidingWhichInstrumentPredicateToUse
(#$isa #$DecidingWhichInstrumentPredicateToUse #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$DecidingWhichInstrumentPredicateToUse "Which instrument predicate you use depends on what level of generality you wish your statement to apply at.  One help is to look at the argument types of each instrument predicate and decide.  Do you want it to apply to every #$PartiallyTangible which is an instrument?  Then use #$instrument-Generic since #$PartiallyTangible is its #$arg1Isa.  Are you writing a rule which really only applies to #$PhysicalDevices  Then use #$deviceUsed.  But be careful!  When you use a more specific predicate such as #$deviceUsed it may have special extra conditions in its definition aside from the #$PhysicalDevice #$arg1Isa constraint.  Also if your first stab at the rule involves #$deviceUsed in the antecedent, see if it applies more generally to #$instrument-Generic.")

;;; #$DeciduousPlant
(#$isa #$DeciduousPlant #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$DeciduousPlant #$Plant-Woody)
(#$comment #$DeciduousPlant "A collection of plants.  Each element of #$DeciduousPlant is a plant which sheds all of its leaves once a year, seasonally, and subsequently grows new ones.")

;;; #$DecompositionEvent
(#$isa #$DecompositionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$DecompositionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DecompositionEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$genls #$DecompositionEvent #$DecompositionProcess)
(#$comment #$DecompositionEvent "The collection of events in which one or more objects decompose more or less completely.  See also the more general concept #$DecompositionProcess, in whose instances objects at least partially decompose.")

;;; #$DecompositionProcess
(#$isa #$DecompositionProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$DecompositionProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DecompositionProcess #$TransformationProcess)
(#$comment #$DecompositionProcess "A collection of events in which some object decomposes.  I.e., in a #$DecompositionProcess event, some object's matter undergoes chemical reactions (sometimes mediated by microorganisms) that eventually result in the object losing its shape and material characteristics.  This may sometimes superficially resemble #$Melting, but it is a different process.")

;;; #$Decrypting
(#$isa #$Decrypting #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Decrypting #$IBTRecoding)
(#$comment #$Decrypting "The collection of actions in which an encrypted IBO (#$InformationBearingObject) is transformed so that it can be accessed.")

;;; #$DefaultDisjointFoodType
(#$isa #$DefaultDisjointFoodType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$DefaultDisjointFoodType #$ProductType)
(#$comment #$DefaultDisjointFoodType "A collection of collections.  Each instance of #$DefaultDisjointFoodType is a collection of beverages or foodstuffs (a subset of #$Food or #$FoodIngredientOnly).  More to the point, this collection-of-collections is a #$SiblingDisjointCollection (qv).  So every two instances of #$DefaultDisjointFoodType are either disjoint, or are in a known subset/superset relationship, or have some known (reified) common specialization.  Virtually every commonly-named type of food will be an element of this set-of-sets.  E.g., the collections #$HotDog, #$ChickenSoup, #$Cocoa-ThePowder, #$Prune, #$ToasterTart, #$MilkPowder, and so on.  One could easily define a collection of foodstuff and beverages, such as The-Food-That-Was-Eaten-In-Dallas-Yesterday, that would not be a member of this set-of-sets, but most such collections are not worth naming and keeping around.  See the concept #$SiblingDisjointCollection for more information about this sort of arrangement.")

;;; #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
(#$isa #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$DefaultDisjointScriptType #$ScriptType)
(#$comment #$DefaultDisjointScriptType "This is a  #$SiblingDisjointCollection (qv).  So the elements of #$DefaultDisjointScriptType are kinds of actions (subsets of #$Event) that can be assumed to be mutually disjoint from each other (unless one is known to be a subset of the other, or there is a known common subset.)")

;;; #$DefaultMonotonicPredicate
(#$isa #$DefaultMonotonicPredicate #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$DefaultMonotonicPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$DefaultMonotonicPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$DefaultMonotonicPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$DefaultMonotonicPredicate is a predicate whose use as the predicate of a locally asserted ground formula causes that formula to be entered, by default, as :MONOTONIC.  Examples: #$isa, #$genls, #$disjointWith, #$equals, #$arity, #$arg1Isa.")

;;; #$DegenerationEvent
(#$isa #$DegenerationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$DegenerationEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DegenerationEvent #$IncurringDamage)
(#$comment #$DegenerationEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$DegenerationEvent, some object loses its function(s) through a process of deterioration and/or a series of discrete breakdowns.")

;;; #$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure
(#$isa #$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$UnitOfAngularDistance)
(#$isa #$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$resultIsa #$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure "The basic unit to measure the size of angles, in the Imperial system of measurement.  360 degrees = 1 complete circle")

;;; #$DegreeCelsius
(#$isa #$DegreeCelsius #$UnitOfTemperature)
(#$isa #$DegreeCelsius #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$DegreeCelsius #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$DegreeCelsius #$Temperature)
(#$resultIsa #$DegreeCelsius #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$DegreeCelsius #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$DegreeCelsius "The standard unit of temperature in much of the world and also in CYC.")

;;; #$DegreeFahrenheit
(#$isa #$DegreeFahrenheit #$UnitOfTemperature)
(#$isa #$DegreeFahrenheit #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$DegreeFahrenheit #$Temperature)
(#$resultIsa #$DegreeFahrenheit #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$DegreeFahrenheit #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$DegreeFahrenheit "The unit of measure on the Fahrenheit scale; mainly used in the USA")

;;; #$DegreeKelvin
(#$isa #$DegreeKelvin #$UnitOfTemperature)
(#$isa #$DegreeKelvin #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$DegreeKelvin #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$DegreeKelvin #$Temperature)
(#$resultIsa #$DegreeKelvin #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$DegreeKelvin #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$DegreeKelvin "The unit of measure on the Kelvin or Absolute temperature scale; mainly used in science; note that the size of this unit is equal to the size of a DegreeCentrigrade.")

;;; #$Density
(#$isa #$Density #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Density #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Density #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Density "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of #$Density is a measurable physical property of a tangible object, namely, its mass per volume.  Densities may be represented relative to certain substances, e.g., #$SaltWaterDensity, #$FreshWaterDensity, #$DenseAsOil.  Densities of objects are reported using the predicate #$densityOfObject.")

;;; #$Dentist
(#$isa #$Dentist #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Dentist #$MedicalCareProfessional)
(#$comment #$Dentist "The collection of doctors that are trained with diagnosing and treating diseases of the gums and teeth.")

;;; #$DerivedNumericAttributeType
(#$isa #$DerivedNumericAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$DerivedNumericAttributeType #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$comment #$DerivedNumericAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$DerivedNumericAttributeType is a collection of measurable attributes that are measured in complex units, including #$Volume, #$Area, #$Acceleration, etc.  The types of attributes in #$DerivedNumericAttributeType are `derived' from other, fundamental attributes (such as #$Distance and #$Mass) which are measured in simple units.  Cf. #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType.")

;;; #$DesertClimateCycle
(#$isa #$DesertClimateCycle #$ClimateCycleType)
(#$genls #$DesertClimateCycle #$AnnualClimateCycle)
(#$genls #$DesertClimateCycle #$TemperateClimateCycle)
(#$comment #$DesertClimateCycle "The attribute of having a desert climate.  Wide termperature extremes from very hot in day to cold at night.  Very little precipitation on a year-long basis, although there may be desert storms.")

;;; #$DeskWorker
(#$isa #$DeskWorker #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$DeskWorker #$Professional)
(#$comment #$DeskWorker "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  This is a general category of workers that generally sit at desks, as opposed to those who do factory work or outside work, etc.  Subsets include #$Administrator, #$ComputerOperator, and #$Secretary.")

;;; #$DestructionEvent
(#$isa #$DestructionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$DestructionEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$DestructionEvent #$CreationOrDestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$DestructionEvent "A collection of events.  In each element of #$DestructionEvent, at least one instance of #$Entity (the #$inputsDestroyed) ceases to exist.")

;;; #$Device-SingleUser
(#$isa #$Device-SingleUser #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Device-SingleUser #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$genls #$Device-SingleUser #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$Device-SingleUser "A collection of devices.  
One can classify devices according to how many simultaneous 
users they typically have.  An instance of #$Device-SingleUser
is any device that typically has/requires exactly one (i.e., 
one and only one) user.  A screwdriver (an instance of 
#$Screwdriver) is a #$Device-SingleUser, but a grand piano 
(an instance of #$GrandPiano) is not.  A borderline non-example 
is a car --- although only one person operates it, several can 
`use' it at once, i.e. derive the value of its primary function 
which is transportation.  So a car is not a #$Device-SingleUser.
A borderline example is a telephone -- although it requires 
two or more users (each on telephones) for meaningful use, 
each phone generally has just one user at a time.  
So a telephone is a #$Device-SingleUser but a telephone-circuit is not.")

;;; #$Device-UserPowered
(#$isa #$Device-UserPowered #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Device-UserPowered #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Device-UserPowered #$MusclePoweredDevice)

;;; #$DeviceRunning
(#$isa #$DeviceRunning #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$DeviceRunning #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DeviceRunning #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$DeviceRunning "A collection of events.  An instance of #$DeviceRunning is an event in which some device is running.  This collection includes events which are complete cycles of a device's normal function (see #$SingleCompleteRunOfADevice) as well as random time slices (#$timeSlices) of them running.  Examples include instances of the collections #$AirplaneTakeOff, #$SkateBoarding, #$RidingAMotorcycle, etc.  Some stranger examples --- which are not instances of #$SingleCompleteRunOfADevice --- include: all the the ignition phases of the firing of my Honda's engine during November of 1996; my TV when it was on and showing a commercial this year; my TV when it was on and I was watching it this week.")

;;; #$DeviceState
(#$isa #$DeviceState #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$DeviceState #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$DeviceState "A collection of states that devices can be in, including: #$DeviceOn, #$DeviceOff, #$RecordingStates, #$CockedState, #$Folded, #$OffHook, #$Unlocked, and many others.")

;;; #$Dexterity
(#$isa #$Dexterity #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Dexterity #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute)
(#$comment #$Dexterity "#$Dexterity is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions in which the performer's hands move accurately, quickly, and with economy of motion.")

;;; #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething
(#$isa #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething "The collection of all actions of diagnosing and repairing something, in a very broad sense.  Such events can range from fixing a #$PhysicalDevice (e.g., the last time you took your car in to be fixed), to killing pests that infest a place.  All such actions involve an intrinsic change in the thing which undergoes repairs.  Notice that a diagnosis action alone, or a repair action alone, would not be elements of this collection; they could be #$subEvents of an element of this collection.")

;;; #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition
(#$isa #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition #$Malnutrition)
(#$comment #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition "The collection of physiological conditions brought on by consuming less of a nutrient than the body requires.")

;;; #$DifferenceFn
(#$isa #$DifferenceFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$isa #$DifferenceFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$isa #$DifferenceFn #$EvaluatableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$DifferenceFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$DifferenceFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg2Isa #$DifferenceFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$DifferenceFn "#$DifferenceFn is Cyc's subtraction operator; it is a binary mathematical function.  (#$DifferenceFn MINUEND SUBTRAHEND) yields a new quantity that is the result of subtracting SUBTRAHEND from MINUEND.  Both arguments to #$DifferenceFn must be elements of #$ScalarInterval, as is its result.  Examples: (#$DifferenceFn 88 11) returns 77; (#$DifferenceFn (#$Kilogram 4.2) (#$Kilogram 3)) returns (#$Kilogram 1.2).")

;;; #$DigestionEvent
(#$isa #$DigestionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DigestionEvent #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$genls #$DigestionEvent #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent)
(#$genls #$DigestionEvent #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$comment #$DigestionEvent "A collection of events.  For most animals, a #$DigestionEvent starts at the mouth and, for most vertebrates, end at the anus.  This concept should not be confused with #$DigestingInStomach, whose instances occur only in an organism's #$Stomach.  A #$DigestionEvent spans the whole #$DigestiveSystem, from start to finish.")

;;; #$DigestiveSystem
(#$isa #$DigestiveSystem #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$DigestiveSystem #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$DigestiveSystem #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$DigestiveSystem "The collection of all animals' digestive systems.  A #$DigestiveSystem is a system of organs and other body parts (typically of #$Vertebrates) which work together to accomplish the digestion function.")

;;; #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure
(#$isa #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure "A subset of #$UnitOfMeasure.  #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure is the collection of measurement functions whose results are elements of #$ScalarInterval which have no dimension; i.e., they are simply numbers, instances of #$IntervalOnNumberLine.  Examples include #$Percent, #$Unity, #$Thousandths.  (#$Percent 50) returns the point-interval, one-half (0.5).  (#$Unity 3 4) returns the interval that is the range of numbers between 3 and 4, inclusive.")

;;; #$DirectedTranslation
(#$isa #$DirectedTranslation #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$DirectedTranslation #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$DirectedTranslation #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$DirectedTranslation #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$DirectedTranslation "A collection of events; a subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  Each instance of #$DirectedTranslation is a movement event that is #$performedBy an #$Agent --- that agent intends for the #$objectMoving to reach a particular #$target.  Examples:  William Tell shooting the arrow off his son's head,  John Wilkes Booth shooting Abraham Lincoln, the last time you tossed a frisbee to someone, a pilot landing an airplane, and a skiier skiing one run of the downhill course.")

;;; #$DirectionExpression
(#$isa #$DirectionExpression #$Collection)
(#$genls #$DirectionExpression #$UnitVectorInterval)
(#$comment #$DirectionExpression "A collection of vectors; a subset of #$UnitVectorInterval.  Each element of #$DirectionExpression is a vector representing a direction.  Typically these expressions are used to indicate direction between two objects or locations.  An important subset of this collection is #$GeographicalDirection; e.g., #$South-Directly, #$NorthWest-Directly.")

;;; #$Dirtiness
(#$isa #$Dirtiness #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Dirtiness #$AttributeValue)
(#$genls #$Dirtiness #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Dirtiness "A collection of attributes.  Dirtiness is a measurable attribute that many tangible objects have.  Each element of the collection #$Dirtiness represents a specific level of dirtiness (or cleanliness!); e.g., #$Dirty, #$ReallyDirty, #$ALittleDirty, #$Clean, #$Sterile.  Indicate a particular object's #$Dirtiness with the predicate #$dirtinessOfObject.")

;;; #$Disappointment
(#$isa #$Disappointment #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Disappointment #$Dissatisfaction)
(#$genls #$Disappointment #$Surprise)
(#$genls #$Disappointment #$Sadness)
(#$comment #$Disappointment "The emotion or state of feeling defeated in expectation or hope.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$Disapproval
(#$isa #$Disapproval #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Disapproval #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Disapproval "The emotion or state of disapproving of something; a negative attitude towards some situation, proposal, person, or thing, implying a judgment based on explicit or implicit standards (rational, moral, pragmatic, or etc.).  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  More specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Disapproval are #$Contempt, #$Hate, #$Abhorrence, etc.  More subtly, it is often true that feelings of #$Jealousy or #$Envy manifest in superficial shows of #$Disapproval.  #$Disapproval is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$DisasterEvent
(#$isa #$DisasterEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$DisasterEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$DisasterEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$DisasterEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$DisasterEvent, a large group of people (or, in decreasing order of likelihood of usage of this concept, a large group of animals, plants, corporations, etc.) are at very high risk of injury or property damage, or in which a lot of injury and property damage occurs even though the risk was low.")

;;; #$Disgust
(#$isa #$Disgust #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Disgust #$Dislike)
(#$comment #$Disgust "A feeling of repulsion or aversion towards something considered distasteful or repugnant.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Disgust include feelings of #$Abhorrence.")

;;; #$DisjointSetOrCollection
(#$isa #$DisjointSetOrCollection #$Collection)
(#$genls #$DisjointSetOrCollection #$SetOrCollection)
(#$comment #$DisjointSetOrCollection "A collection of mathematical sets and collections the members of which are themselves mathematical sets or collections.  A set or collection, SETORCOL, of sets or collections is an instance of #$DisjointSetOrCollection just in case the elements of SETORCOL are mutually disjoint -- that is, no two elements of SETORCOL have any elements in common.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$DisjointSetOrCollection #$SENSUS-Information1997 "DISJUNCTIVE-SET")

;;; #$Dislike
(#$isa #$Dislike #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Dislike #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Dislike "A feeling of disaffection or disaffinity for a person or thing.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Dislike are #$Disgust, #$Contempt, #$Hate, #$Resentment, etc.")

;;; #$DisputeEvent
(#$isa #$DisputeEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$DisputeEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DisputeEvent #$HostileSocialAction)
(#$comment #$DisputeEvent "A collection of events with multiple participants.  In each #$DisputeEvent,  some participants seek to achieve states of affairs that other participants seek to prevent.  Disputes may or may not get settled.  Settlement of a dispute may be by fighting, by competition, by using a mediator or court, by chance, by mutual reasoning, etc.")

;;; #$Dissatisfaction
(#$isa #$Dissatisfaction #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Dissatisfaction #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Dissatisfaction "Feeling of discontent, due to a lack of fulfillment of an agent's desires, needs, or requirements.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.   Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Dissatisfaction are #$Disappointment, #$Frustration, #$Impatience, #$Anger, etc. ")

;;; #$Dissolving
(#$isa #$Dissolving #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Dissolving #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Dissolving #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$Dissolving "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, a solvent and a solute mix to form a solution.")

;;; #$Distance
(#$isa #$Distance #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Distance #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Distance #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Distance "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of #$Distance is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another.  Elements of #$Distance may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the #$WashingtonMonumentInWashingtonDC, or a range, such as #$WithinAudibleDistance (see #$ScalarInterval for more explanation).  Also, see #$UnitOfDistance for the units used by Cyc to measure distances.")

;;; #$DistributingMetaKnowledgePredicate
(#$isa #$DistributingMetaKnowledgePredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$DistributingMetaKnowledgePredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$DistributingMetaKnowledgePredicate "instances are predicates which are permitted to distribute over multiple assertions resulting from canonicalizing one (or more) of the formula args")

;;; #$DistributionEvent
(#$isa #$DistributionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$DistributionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DistributionEvent #$TransferOut)
(#$comment #$DistributionEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$DistributionEvent is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are distributed from a source to various destinations via some distribution network.")

;;; #$Dock
(#$isa #$Dock #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Dock #$OutdoorLocation)
(#$genls #$Dock #$FixedStructure)
(#$comment #$Dock "The collection of long flat walkways that jut out over water from  shorelines.  A Dock's main function is to provide a place to secure boats and to provide a place where passengers and cargo can be loaded and unloaded.")

;;; #$Doctor-Medical
(#$isa #$Doctor-Medical #$MedicalSpecialtyType)
(#$genls #$Doctor-Medical #$Prescriber)
(#$genls #$Doctor-Medical #$MedicalCareProfessional)
(#$genls #$Doctor-Medical #$Scientist)
(#$comment #$Doctor-Medical "The collection of all medical doctors - MDs and Osteopaths.")

;;; #$Dog
(#$isa #$Dog #$BiologicalSpecies)
(#$genls #$Dog #$Carnivore)
(#$genls #$Dog #$Mammal)
(#$genls #$Dog #$DomesticPet)
(#$comment #$Dog "The collection of all dogs of all breeds.  Elements of #$Dog may be members of #$DomesticPet or of #$WildAnimal; e.g., #$Dog includes the dingo dogs of #$Australia.  However, #$Dog excludes the members of #$Wolf, #$Fox, and the other non-dog subsets of #$CanineAnimal.  #$Dog is an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies, Canis familiaris.")

;;; #$Dollar-UnitedStates
(#$isa #$Dollar-UnitedStates #$UnitOfMoney)
(#$isa #$Dollar-UnitedStates #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$Dollar-UnitedStates #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$Dollar-UnitedStates #$Money)
(#$resultIsa #$Dollar-UnitedStates #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Dollar-UnitedStates #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Dollar-UnitedStates "An element of #$UnitOfMoney.  #$Dollar-UnitedStates represents the main standard monetary unit of the United States of America.  One #$Dollar-UnitedStates is equivalent to 100 #$Cent-UnitedStates.  See #$UnitOfMeasure for further explanation.")

;;; #$DollarsPerHour
(#$isa #$DollarsPerHour #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate)
(#$isa #$DollarsPerHour #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$DollarsPerHour #$MonetaryFlowRate)
(#$resultIsa #$DollarsPerHour #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$DollarsPerHour #$Rate)
(#$argsIsa #$DollarsPerHour #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$DollarsPerHour "An element of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate; the amount of #$Money in dollars earned, spent, or transferred in an hour.")

;;; #$DollarsPerYear
(#$isa #$DollarsPerYear #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate)
(#$isa #$DollarsPerYear #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$DollarsPerYear #$MonetaryFlowRate)
(#$resultIsa #$DollarsPerYear #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$DollarsPerYear #$Rate)
(#$argsIsa #$DollarsPerYear #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$DollarsPerYear "An element of #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate; the amount of #$Money in dollars earned, spent, or transferred in a year.")

;;; #$DomesticPet
(#$isa #$DomesticPet #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$DomesticPet #$PortableObject)
(#$genls #$DomesticPet #$DomesticatedAnimal)
(#$genls #$DomesticPet #$HumanOccupationConstructResident)
(#$comment #$DomesticPet "The subset of #$DomesticatedAnimal whose elements are animals kept by humans primarily for their companionship.  (They may, however, do some chores such as catching mice.)  Many members of #$DomesticPet live in the homes of their owners.")

;;; #$DomesticatedAnimal
(#$isa #$DomesticatedAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$DomesticatedAnimal #$NonPersonAnimal)
(#$comment #$DomesticatedAnimal "A subset of #$Animal; the collection of all animals which are kept by humans for labor, transportation, food, or as pets, and whose relations with humans are more or less cooperative.  #$DomesticatedAnimal does NOT include instances of #$Tiger being kept in zoos, though it arguably includes Shamu or Flipper.  Cf. #$WildAnimal, #$CaptiveAnimal.")

;;; #$DomesticatedAnimalFood
(#$isa #$DomesticatedAnimalFood #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$DomesticatedAnimalFood #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$DomesticatedAnimalFood #$TangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$DomesticatedAnimalFood "A collection of tangible stuff; a subset of #$TangibleProduct.  Each element of #$DomesticatedAnimalFood is a foodstuff produced by human beings and intended for consumption by domesticated animals.  This collection includes feed manufactured for horses, cattle, chickens, and other farm animals, as well as `pet foods'.")

;;; #$Doorway
(#$isa #$Doorway #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Doorway #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$Doorway #$Portal)
(#$comment #$Doorway "A collection of portals.  Each element of #$Doorway is a portal in some instance of #$ShelterConstruction, suitable for people (and perhaps vehicles) to enter and exit.  For example, doorways to houses, office buildings, elevators, automobiles, airplanes, garages, etc.")

;;; #$DoorwayCovering
(#$isa #$DoorwayCovering #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$DoorwayCovering #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$DoorwayCovering #$PortalCovering)
(#$comment #$DoorwayCovering "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of #$DoorwayCovering is a physical object used to cover some kind of portal, including but not limited to doorways in buildings.  This collection also includes doors of cars, buses, subways, elevators, garages, airplane hangars--coverings over any doors that people (and perhaps vehicles) pass through.")

;;; #$Down-Directly
(#$isa #$Down-Directly #$TerrestrialDirection)
(#$isa #$Down-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$genlAttributes #$Down-Directly #$Down-Generally)
(#$comment #$Down-Directly "The direction straight down.  In the terrestrial context, #$Down-Directly points in the same direction as Earth's gravitational force vector.")

;;; #$Down-Generally
(#$isa #$Down-Generally #$TerrestrialDirection)
(#$comment #$Down-Generally "The element of #$VectorInterval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of #$Down-Directly.")

;;; #$Dress
(#$isa #$Dress #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Dress #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Dress #$ClothingItem)
(#$genls #$Dress #$WomensClothing)
(#$comment #$Dress "The collection of all dresses, a kind of women's clothing")

;;; #$Drink
(#$isa #$Drink #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Drink #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Drink #$FoodAndDrink)
(#$comment #$Drink "The collection of drinkable substances; a collection of edible stuff and a subset of #$FoodAndDrink.  Each element of the collection #$Drink is a liquid of a type that is ingestible and commonly consumed by humans or animals.  Drinks are ingested without chewing.  Examples of #$Drink include all elements of the collections #$Water-Ingestible, #$Tea-Hot, #$HotChocolate, #$Lemonade, #$Beer. .  By default they are liquids.  Borderline examples include a thick milkshake or soup, even if there are solid objects suspended in it.  Thus #$LiquidTangibleThing is not necessarily (monotonically) a #$genls of #$Drink, though it is true by default that a #$Drink be an instance of #$LiquidTangibleThing.  I.e., by default, elements of #$Drink are in a #$LiquidStateOfMatter.  Another borderline example of a #$Drink is a glassful of poison or urine; it may be unpalatable or unsafe to drink a #$Drink.  Note that the #$Drink includes the portion of liquid, but not the container such as the glass or coffee cup or bowl.   So one borderline non-example is a glass of water -- as opposed to a glassful of water; the former includes the glass, the latter doesn't.   Other borderline non-examples include: an ice cube, a grape sno-cone, a scoop of ice cream with hot fudge sauce on it, and a tiny bit of liquid such as a single raindrop even if it enters one's mouth.")

;;; #$DrinkingEvent
(#$isa #$DrinkingEvent #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$DrinkingEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$DrinkingEvent #$Translation-Complete)
(#$genls #$DrinkingEvent #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink)
(#$comment #$DrinkingEvent "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, a single individual consumes a portion of some drink.  A #$DrinkingEvent typically consists of several instances of #$DrinkingASip.  See #$EatingEvent.")

;;; #$DrugPrescription
(#$isa #$DrugPrescription #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$DrugPrescription #$TextualMaterial)
(#$comment #$DrugPrescription "The legal document in which a doctor authorizes a patient to purchase a certain amount of a drug and take it according to some specified schedule.")

;;; #$DrugProduct
(#$isa #$DrugProduct #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$DrugProduct #$PharmacyProductType)
(#$genls #$DrugProduct #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$DrugProduct #$DrugSubstance)
(#$genls #$DrugProduct #$ConsumableProduct)
(#$comment #$DrugProduct "Any kind of drug, including the stuff you take when you are sick.  Note, however, that this is a product (intentionally created or used) not merely the chemical description.  This means that salt-water would not be an element of #$DrugProduct, even though saline solution would be.")

;;; #$DrugSubstance
(#$isa #$DrugSubstance #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$DrugSubstance #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$DrugSubstance "The class of substances that can be introduced into organism's bodies to produce certain physiological effects.  Includes both stuffs and objects made and/or marketed as #$DrugProducts, as well as naturally-occurring stuffs and objects that have physiological effects.")

;;; #$DrugTherapy
(#$isa #$DrugTherapy #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$DrugTherapy #$MedicalTreatmentEvent)
(#$comment #$DrugTherapy "A collection of medical care events in which drugs accomplish a medical purpose.  An instance of #$DrugTherapy is the result of an instance of #$AdministeringADrug (q.v.).  An instance of #$DrugTherapy is the event of the patient's body undergoing the physiological effects of the drug it was given.  
Note: #$DrugTherapy events do not include the administration of the drug; rather, they are the results of such administrations.  Cf. #$AdministeringADrug.")

;;; #$DrugTherapyUseFn
(#$isa #$DrugTherapyUseFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$DrugTherapyUseFn #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$resultIsa #$DrugTherapyUseFn #$ScriptType)
(#$resultGenl #$DrugTherapyUseFn #$DrugTherapy)
(#$arg1Isa #$DrugTherapyUseFn #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$arg1Genl #$DrugTherapyUseFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$DrugTherapyUseFn "The collection of events in which instances of ARG1 are used to achieve a medical purpose.  These events do not include the administration of the drug - they are the scripts which result from that administration.")

;;; #$DryingSomething
(#$isa #$DryingSomething #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$DryingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$DryingSomething #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$DryingSomething #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$DryingSomething "A collection of events.  Each #$DryingSomething event involves reducing the moistness of something -- either its water content or its surface wetness -- by evaporation or by absorbing the moisture (e.g., with towels) or by some other process.  Typical objects of a #$DryingSomething event include instances of: paint, food, dishes, clothes, humans.  When you run your clothes dryer at home, that event is an element of this collection.")

;;; #$Ductility
(#$isa #$Ductility #$MaterialStrengthType)
(#$genls #$Ductility #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Ductility #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Ductility "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Ductility describes a specific capacity of a physical material to be stretched, drawn, or hammered thin without breaking.  Different degrees of ductility may be represented using a #$GenericValueFunction.  Ductilities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$ductilityOfObject.")

;;; #$Dusk
(#$isa #$Dusk #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Dusk #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Dusk #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$genls #$Dusk #$Twilight)
(#$comment #$Dusk "Each #$Dusk is a dimly-lit period of time which is #$contiguousAfter a #$Sunset, and is the #$Event which starts a #$Night.")

;;; #$Dying
(#$isa #$Dying #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Dying #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Dying #$DestructionEvent)
(#$genls #$Dying #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$genls #$Dying #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$comment #$Dying "A collection of events.  Each element of #$Dying is an event in which a living organism (i.e., an instance of #$Organism-Whole) ceases to live and thus ceases to exist.  The physical portion of the organism may remain, but that is not considered an instance of #$Organism-Whole (cf. #$DeadAnimal).  Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event by #$bodilyDoer (q.v.)--in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is the #$objectActedOn in a #$Killing-Biological event (which will have some #$Dying event among its #$subEvents), and cf. #$bodilyActedOn.")

;;; #$ELRelation
(#$isa #$ELRelation #$Collection)
(#$comment #$ELRelation "A subset of #$Relationship such that instances are only permitted at
the EL; that is, the canonicalizer will transform expressions that
reference instances of #$ELRelation into equivalent expressions that do not
reference instances of #$ELRelation; this transformation is guided by the
value (arg2) of #$expansion for each #$ELRelation")

;;; #$Ear
(#$isa #$Ear #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Ear #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$genls #$Ear #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensor)
(#$comment #$Ear "The organ of hearing, which occur in pairs on most animals")

;;; #$EarthStuff
(#$isa #$EarthStuff #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$EarthStuff #$NaturalTangibleStuff)
(#$comment #$EarthStuff "A collection of tangible things.  Each element in #$EarthStuff is a portion of the stuff that the ground of Earth (at or near its land surface) is made of, including rocks, boulders, sand grains, soil, mud, etc., and mixtures of those things (such as islands or whole continents).  Examples: #$Australia, #$CapeCod, #$ZionHill, #$GreatSmokyMountains.")

;;; #$East-Directly
(#$isa #$East-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$isa #$East-Directly #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$genlAttributes #$East-Directly #$East-Generally)
(#$comment #$East-Directly "Due East, an element of #$TerrestrialDirection.")

;;; #$East-Generally
(#$isa #$East-Generally #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$East-Generally "The general direction of East.  The element of #$VectorInterval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of #$East-Directly.")

;;; #$EatingEvent
(#$isa #$EatingEvent #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$EatingEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EatingEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$genls #$EatingEvent #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$genls #$EatingEvent #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink)
(#$comment #$EatingEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$EatingEvent is an event which involves the consumption of a substantial portion of food by a single individual (human or other animal).   An instance of #$EatingEvent is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual #$EatingAMorsel events.
Note:  If a group of people gets together and eats lunch, that activity is represented by an instance of #$HavingAMeal; during that `super-event' each participant engages in his/her own instance of #$EatingEvent, and all of those are #$subEvents of the #$HavingAMeal event.")

;;; #$EcholocationPerception
(#$isa #$EcholocationPerception #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$EcholocationPerception #$Perceiving)
(#$comment #$EcholocationPerception "#$EcholocationPerception is the collection of spatial #$Perceivings in which a #$PerceptualAgent (such as a bat or a submarine) generates sounds (potentially ultra- or sub- sonic in frequency), hears the sounds reflected from surfaces, and thereby acquires information about the position of other objects in its environment.")

;;; #$EcologicalRegion
(#$isa #$EcologicalRegion #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$EcologicalRegion #$GeographicalRegion)
(#$comment #$EcologicalRegion "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of #$EcologicalRegion is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems.  From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there.  Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there.  In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology.  Examples: the #$WesternDesertOfEgypt, the #$GreatBarrierReef, the #$Amazon-Region.")

;;; #$EdgeOnObject
(#$isa #$EdgeOnObject #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$EdgeOnObject #$Path-Simple)
(#$genls #$EdgeOnObject #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$EdgeOnObject "The collection of all edges on objects.  For a two-dimensional object, its boundaries other than corners are it edges.  For a three dimensional object the edges are the outer portions of those extremities, excluding any corners (#$Corner-2or3d), that are much more acute in cross section in one direction than in most other directions at the same point.  Some objects, like spheres, hairs, poles and typical burrs, have no edges.  A discus has one, round, edge; a typical sheet has four edges.  A mountain ridge might have only a single edge.  A solid polyhedron has six or more edges.")

;;; #$EdiblePartFn
(#$isa #$EdiblePartFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$EdiblePartFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$EdiblePartFn #$EdibleStuff)
(#$arg1Isa #$EdiblePartFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$arg1Genl #$EdiblePartFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$EdiblePartFn "The Cyc function #$EdiblePartFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  When applied to a set of tangible objects OBJ-TYPE, (#$EdiblePartFn OBJ-TYPE) represents the collection of all the edible parts of objects of OBJ-TYPE.  This collection includes any #$EdibleStuff (i.e., edible by humans or koalas or whatever the current microtheory is talking about) that is part of instances of OBJ-TYPE.  To represent only parts that humans eat, we may restrict the #$resultGenl to a specialized subset of #$FoodAndDrink defined in #$HumanActivitiesMt or other appropriate microtheory.  Examples: the collection (#$EdiblePartFn #$Apple-TheFruit) includes the skin and flesh of all apples, but not --- in the #$HumanActivitiesMt --- the instances of #$Stem or #$Seed found in them; the collection (#$EdiblePartFn #$Egg-Chickens) includes the yolks and whites of chicken eggs, but does not  --- in the #$HumanActivitiesMt ---  include any instances of #$Eggshell.  Because of cultural or philosophical preferences and prohibitions about food, exactly what parts are edible may differ in different human cultural microtheories; e.g., in a FundamentalistJewish or FundamentalistIslamic cultural #$Microtheory, the function call (#$EdiblePartFn #$Pig) would return NIL; in a vegan #$Microtheory, even (#$EdiblePartFn #$Animal) would return NIL.")

;;; #$EdibleStuff
(#$isa #$EdibleStuff #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$EdibleStuff #$TangibleThing)
(#$genls #$EdibleStuff #$ConsumableProduct)
(#$comment #$EdibleStuff "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each instance of #$EdibleStuff is, by default, an item that is ingestible and palatable by most macroscopic animals.  #$EdibleStuff includes food and drink, but also other things, such as nutrients, drugs, etc.  #$EdibleStuff presupposes digestion processes resembling those of most terrestrial macroscopic animals.  For inferencing about the diets of people (or koalas or oil-eating microbes), the collection #$EdibleStuff may have additions and deletions.  See also #$EdiblePartFn, #$FoodAndDrink.")

;;; #$EdiblesRichInFn
(#$isa #$EdiblesRichInFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$EdiblesRichInFn #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$resultGenl #$EdiblesRichInFn #$EdibleStuff)
(#$arg1Isa #$EdiblesRichInFn #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$arg1Genl #$EdiblesRichInFn #$Nutrient)
(#$comment #$EdiblesRichInFn "The Cyc function #$EdiblesRichInFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  It is used to represent foodstuffs which have a high concentration of a certain nutrient.  (#$EdiblesRichInFn NUTRIENT) denotes the collection of edible things that are rich in the type of #$Nutrient NUTRIENT.  For example, (#$EdiblesRichInFn #$EdibleCalcium) denotes the collection of all #$EdibleStuff rich in calcium; that collection will have the collection #$DairyProduct as a subset.")

;;; #$EducationLevelAttribute
(#$isa #$EducationLevelAttribute #$SocialAttributeType)
(#$genls #$EducationLevelAttribute #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$EducationLevelAttribute #$SocialStatusAttribute)
(#$comment #$EducationLevelAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each #$EducationLevelAttribute, when applied to a person, indicates their level of education or current involvement in a course of study; if applied to a course of study, it indicates the level of it.  The very same attributes apply in both cases, though; some sample elements of this collection are:  #$PhDLevel, #$TwelfthGradeLevel, #$BachelorOfArtsLevel, #$MedicalDegreeLevel, etc.")

;;; #$EducationalDegree
(#$isa #$EducationalDegree #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$EducationalDegree #$Credential)
(#$comment #$EducationalDegree "A collection of abstract (intangible) objects which consist of information about an agent.  Each element of #$EducationalDegree is a credential conferred, by some instance of #$EducationalOrganization, on a student who has successfully completed a prescribed course of study there.  #$EducationalDegree includes high school, associate, baccalaureate, licensate, magisterial, professional, and doctoral degrees, etc.")

;;; #$EducationalOrganization
(#$isa #$EducationalOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$EducationalOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$EducationalOrganization "A collection of educational organizations.  An element of #$EducationalOrganization may be a school, system of schools, college, seminary, etc., -- a place where teaching and/or training are programmed and provided as a service for students.  An educational organization may be public or private.  This collection includes #$AustinISD (i.e., the #$CityOfAustinTX Independent School District), #$StanfordUniversity, #$BrynMawrCollege, #$UniversityOfPennsylvaniaSchoolOfMedicine, and many other institutions.")

;;; #$Elasticity
(#$isa #$Elasticity #$MaterialStrengthType)
(#$genls #$Elasticity #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Elasticity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Elasticity "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Elasticity represents a specific ability of a physical material to quickly and completely return to its original shape after deformation that does not induce breakage, without permanent change to its original dimensions.  For example, billiard balls have a high degree of elasticity in this sense.  Elasticities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$elasticityOfObject.")

;;; #$ElectricalCharge
(#$isa #$ElectricalCharge #$PolarAttributeType)
(#$isa #$ElectricalCharge #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$ElectricalCharge #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$ElectricalCharge #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$ElectricalCharge "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of #$ElectricalCharge is an amount of net electrical charge (positive or negative) possessed by a particular instance of #$PartiallyTangible.  Elements of #$ElectricalCharge may be either a fixed interval, such as the charge on one electron, or a range, such as a usable charge on a flashlight battery; see #$ScalarInterval.  Also see #$UnitOfCharge for the units used by Cyc to measure electrical charges.")

;;; #$ElectricalComponent
(#$isa #$ElectricalComponent #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ElectricalComponent #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ElectricalComponent #$ElectricalDevice)
(#$comment #$ElectricalComponent "A collection of electrical devices.  An instance of #$ElectricalDevice is an electrical device which is normally considered to be a part of some larger, more clearly distinguished device (e.g., clearly distinguished in the sense that it is sold, moved, etc. as a unit).  The #$ElectricalComponent must be connected with other parts in order to perform its #$primaryFunction.")

;;; #$ElectricalConductor
(#$isa #$ElectricalConductor #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ElectricalConductor #$PhysicalConductingMedia)
(#$comment #$ElectricalConductor "A collection of tangible things; a subset of #$PhysicalConductingMedia.  Each element of #$ElectricalConductor is a physical thing that can conduct electricity; e.g., a power cord, an electrical plug, a piece of metal.")

;;; #$ElectricalDevice
(#$isa #$ElectricalDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ElectricalDevice #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$ElectricalDevice #$PartiallyTangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$ElectricalDevice #$PoweredDevice)
(#$genls #$ElectricalDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$ElectricalDevice "A collection of physical devices; the most general collection of electrical devices.  Such devices require an input of electrical current (as #$energySource) in order to perform their intended functions.  Instances of #$ElectricalDevice include both complex devices (e.g., elements of the collections #$StereoSystem or #$Computer) and simpler ones (e.g., elements of #$ElectricalComponents and #$ElectronicComponents).
Note:  in some contexts, crystal radios might be classified as inert (unpowered) electrical devices; the same for some sorts of passive radar detectors.  These are exceptional cases, but still elements of this collection.  In other contexts, the power for these devices can be viewed as being supplied from the outside, hence they are clearly `powered' in such contexts.")

;;; #$ElectricalResistance
(#$isa #$ElectricalResistance #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$ElectricalResistance #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$ElectricalResistance #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$ElectricalResistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$ElectricalResistance is an attribute which measures the resistance to electrical flow through an object.  Examples: #$InsulatorResistance, #$ConductorResistance, #$SemiconductorResistance, #$SuperconductorResistance.")

;;; #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor
(#$isa #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor #$Sensor)
(#$comment #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor "A subset of #$Sensor, namely those sensors that detect #$ElectromagneticRadiation.")

;;; #$ElectromagneticRadiation
(#$isa #$ElectromagneticRadiation #$WavePropagationType)
(#$isa #$ElectromagneticRadiation #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ElectromagneticRadiation #$WavePropagation)
(#$comment #$ElectromagneticRadiation "A collection of events; a subset of #$WavePropagation.  Each element of #$ElectromagneticRadiation is an event that arises from the interaction of an electrical field and a magnetic field.  Examples include the elements of the collections #$VisibleLight, #$RadioWaves, and #$XRays.")

;;; #$Electron
(#$isa #$Electron #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Electron #$SubAtomicParticle)
(#$comment #$Electron "A collection of objects; a subset of #$SubAtomicParticle.  Every instance of #$Electron is a subatomic particle with an #$ElectricalCharge of -1.")

;;; #$ElectronicDevice
(#$isa #$ElectronicDevice #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ElectronicDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ElectronicDevice #$TangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$ElectronicDevice #$ElectricalDevice)
(#$comment #$ElectronicDevice "A collection of devices which use electronic circuitry.  More specifically, any instance of #$ElectronicDevice uses electricity to convey information and not just for power.  Usually transistors, diodes, or other semiconductor circuitry are involved.")

;;; #$ElementStuff
(#$isa #$ElementStuff #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$ElementStuff #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$ElementStuff #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$ElementStuff "A collection of tangible substances; a subset of #$TangibleThing.  Every instance of #$ElementStuff is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same chemical element.  That is, every atom in an individual piece of #$ElementStuff has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus as does every other atom in that piece.  For example, all pieces of carbon are instances of #$ElementStuff.   All pieces of two of #$Carbon's subsets, #$Diamond and #$Graphite, also are instances of #$ElementStuff.  On the other hand, instances of #$Water, because they are constituted of both (some) #$Hydrogen and (some) #$Oxygen atoms, do not belong to the collection #$ElementStuff.")

;;; #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons
(#$isa #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons #$Collection)
(#$isa #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons #$DisjointSetOrCollection)
(#$genls #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons #$ChemicalCompoundType)
(#$comment #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons "A collection of collections.  #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons partitions the collection #$ElementStuff.  Each instance of #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons is a subset of #$ElementStuff which is defined ONLY by the atomic composition of its instances -- neither the isotopic composition or physical state of the substances, nor any other additional feature, determines membership in a collection which #$isa #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons.  All that matters is that the instances of that type (i.e., collection) of stuff are entirely composed of atoms having a particular number of protons in each atomic nucleus.  Thus, the collection #$Carbon is an instance of #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons, but neither the collection #$Diamond nor the collection #$Graphite is (even though they are subsets of #$Carbon), because their members have additional qualifications.")

;;; #$Embarrassment
(#$isa #$Embarrassment #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Embarrassment #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Embarrassment "Mental disturbance and confusion at self-exposure.  #$Embarrassment is often an impediment to freedom of thought, speech, or action.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  A more specialized #$FeelingAttributeType than #$Embarrassment is #$Shame.")

;;; #$Embryo
(#$isa #$Embryo #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Embryo #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$Embryo #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment)
(#$comment #$Embryo "The collection of not yet fully-formed organisms, including mammals before birth, birds before hatching, and plants before sprouting from their seeds.  Note that the criteria of the collection #$Embryo do not correspond exactly with the meaning of the English word 'embryo', since #$Embryo includes zygotes, the set of cells derived from the embryo after the fetus is formed (#$AmnioticSac + #$Fetus + #$Placenta-FetalPortion), etc.")

;;; #$EmbryoFn
(#$isa #$EmbryoFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$EmbryoFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$EmbryoFn #$Embryo)
(#$arg1Isa #$EmbryoFn #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$arg1Genl #$EmbryoFn #$Animal)
(#$comment #$EmbryoFn "#$EmbryoFn is an element of #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$EmbryoFn LIFETYPE) returns the collection of organisms which are embryonic instances of LIFETYPE.  Note that this use of the word `embryo' does not correspond exactly with the English word, because the collection returned by #$EmbryoFn includes zygotes, fetuses, etc.")

;;; #$Emirate-Geopolitical
(#$isa #$Emirate-Geopolitical #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType)
(#$genls #$Emirate-Geopolitical #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$comment #$Emirate-Geopolitical "The collection of all Emirates, that is, those geopolitical entities, or territories, each of which is ordinarily ruled by an #$Amir-HeadOfState or an Emir (Amir) who is not necessariy a #$HeadOfState of an #$IndependentCountry, but rules a subsidiary region.  See especially the #$UnitedArabEmirates.")

;;; #$Emission
(#$isa #$Emission #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Emission #$TransferOut)
(#$comment #$Emission "A collection of processes; a subset of #$GeneralizedTransfer.  Each element of #$Emission is an event in which something `comes out' of an object that actively contributes to that thing's emission (e.g., it is a #$providerOfMotiveForce).  The source is indicated with the predicate #$emitter. An entire #$Translocation is associated with an emission, and these are related through the predicate #$transferOutSubEvent.  If the thing which `comes out' is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible, then the event belongs to a more specific collection, #$EmittingAnObject (q.v.). If the associated element of #$Translocation is an instance of #$WavePropagation, then the emission belongs to the more specialized collection, #$EmittingAWave (q.v.).")

;;; #$EmittingAWave
(#$isa #$EmittingAWave #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$EmittingAWave #$Emission)
(#$comment #$EmittingAWave "A collection of events; a subset of #$Emission.  Each element is an event in which a wave is emitted at a #$fromLocation.  For example, Themistocles ordering his fleet to withdraw; Miles Davis playing the trumpet; an emergency flare burning by the side of the road.  See also #$WavePropagation.")

;;; #$EmittingAnObject
(#$isa #$EmittingAnObject #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$EmittingAnObject #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EmittingAnObject #$Emission)
(#$genls #$EmittingAnObject #$Translation-LocationChange)
(#$comment #$EmittingAnObject "A collection of events; and a subset of #$Emission.  An instance of #$EmittingAnObject is an emission event in which there is some #$PartiallyTangible which is the #$objectEmitted, i.e., the thing which `comes out' of the #$emitter of the event.  The #$objectEmitted goes from (#$fromLocation) a place inside of the #$emitter to (#$toLocation) some place that is not within the #$emitter.  The #$emitter plays an active role (#$doneBy and #$providerOfMotiveForce) in the emission.  Examples: the birth of a baby, a bullet shot from a gun, a venonous snake depositing poison.  Negative examples:  a person leaving a building (the building is not active), throwing a ball (the ball was not inside the person before the throwing).")

;;; #$EmittingSound
(#$isa #$EmittingSound #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$EmittingSound #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EmittingSound #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$genls #$EmittingSound #$EmittingAWave)
(#$comment #$EmittingSound "A collection of events; a subset of #$EmittingAWave.  Each element of #$EmittingSound is an event in which an instance of #$Sound is emitted from some #$waveSource.  Examples: an explosion generating a sound wave; a plucked violin string resonating; a baby crying; a person saying `Hello'.")

;;; #$Employee
(#$isa #$Employee #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Employee #$Professional)
(#$comment #$Employee "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$Employee works directly for some business.  Disjoint with #$SelfEmployedWorker.")

;;; #$EmployeeHiring
(#$isa #$EmployeeHiring #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$EmployeeHiring #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EmployeeHiring #$OrganizationalTransferIn)
(#$genls #$EmployeeHiring #$MakingAnAgreement)
(#$comment #$EmployeeHiring "A collection of events; a subset of #$MakingAnAgreement.  Each element of #$EmployeeHiring is an event in which some agent--either an organization or individual--hires a person to work as its employee. See also #$employees, #$WorkAgreement.")

;;; #$EmploymentTermination
(#$isa #$EmploymentTermination #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$EmploymentTermination #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EmploymentTermination #$OrganizationalTransferOut)
(#$genls #$EmploymentTermination #$EndingAnAgreement)
(#$comment #$EmploymentTermination "A collection of events; a subset of #$EndingAnAgreement.  Each element of #$EmploymentTermination is an event in which some employee ceases to work for his or her employer.  The termination may be initiated by either party, or it may have been specified in the original #$WorkAgreement (q.v.).  Different kinds of #$EmploymentTermination are specified by the subsets #$Resigning, #$EmployeeLayoff, #$RetirementEvent, etc.")

;;; #$Encrypting
(#$isa #$Encrypting #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Encrypting #$IBTRecoding)
(#$comment #$Encrypting "The collection of actions in which some transformation is applied to an IBT (#$InformationBearingThing) which renders it unaccessible to all but the intended audience, since the method required to decrypt the IBT is secret.")

;;; #$EndFn
(#$isa #$EndFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$EndFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$EndFn #$TimePoint)
(#$arg1Isa #$EndFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$EndFn "#$EndFn is a function that takes a #$TemporalThing and returns the #$TimePoint it ends.  Thus: (#$endingPoint ?X (#$EndFn ?X))")

;;; #$EndingAnAgreement
(#$isa #$EndingAnAgreement #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$EndingAnAgreement #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EndingAnAgreement #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$EndingAnAgreement #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$EndingAnAgreement #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$EndingAnAgreement "A collection of events.  Each element of the collection #$EndingAnAgreement is an event in which some instance of #$Agreement comes to an end.  For example, instances of #$EmploymentTermination and #$EndingMembership.")

;;; #$EnergyConversionProcess
(#$isa #$EnergyConversionProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$EnergyConversionProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EnergyConversionProcess #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$genls #$EnergyConversionProcess #$TransformationEvent)
(#$comment #$EnergyConversionProcess "A collection of events.  In each instance of #$EnergyConversionProcess, energy is converted from one form to another.")

;;; #$Engine
(#$isa #$Engine #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Engine #$PoweredDevice)
(#$genls #$Engine #$MechanicalDevice)
(#$comment #$Engine "A collection of #$PoweredDevices.  An instance of #$Engine is a device that changes some form of energy into motion (usually rotation).  An engine may operate by burning some type of fuel (as do jet engines and internal combustion engines), or it may be powered by electricity, fluid flow, etc.")

;;; #$Engineer
(#$isa #$Engineer #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Engineer #$Professional)
(#$comment #$Engineer "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$Engineer is a professional who works in some branch of engineering.  Elements of #$Engineer include the members of the subsets #$ElectricalEngineer, #$ChemicalEngineer, #$CivilEngineer, #$MechanicalEngineer, etc.")

;;; #$EnglishWord
(#$isa #$EnglishWord #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$EnglishWord #$LexicalWord)
(#$comment #$EnglishWord "The collection of all lexical words in English; a subset of #$LexicalWord.  Different inflectional forms of a word do not count as different words; for example, #$Eat-TheWord encompasses the strings 'eat', 'eating', 'ate', etc.")

;;; #$Enjoyment
(#$isa #$Enjoyment #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Enjoyment #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Enjoyment "The agreeable emotion of taking pleasure or satisfaction in an experience.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes are #$Delight, #$Celebratory-Emotion, etc.")

;;; #$EnlistedPerson
(#$isa #$EnlistedPerson #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$EnlistedPerson #$MilitaryPerson)
(#$comment #$EnlistedPerson "A collection of people, a subset 
of #$MilitaryPerson. Each element of this collection is
somebody who is an enlisted person in some 
#$MilitaryOrganization, such as a private.")

;;; #$EntertainmentEvent
(#$isa #$EntertainmentEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$EntertainmentEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$EntertainmentEvent #$ServiceEvent)
(#$genls #$EntertainmentEvent #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$EntertainmentEvent "The collection of activites performed primarily to amuse or entertain #$Persons.
Note: This is more general than #$EntertainmentPerformance because it may not entail a performance per se.  E.g., one of its subsets is #$SightSeeing, but most sightseeing events are not #$EntertainmentPerformances.
Note:  This is different from the collection #$RecreationalActivity in the following way: entertainment events are necessarily done for the enjoyment or recreation of someone else; in other words, there is an audience.  Also, the performers of a #$RecreationalActivity are generally doing it `for fun', and (expect to) enjoy it, whereas some or all of the performers of an #$EntertainmentEvent may be doing it as a #$WorkingEvent --- i.e, `for a living' and may (expect to) not enjoy it. ")

;;; #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional
(#$isa #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional #$Professional)
(#$comment #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional is a person who uses some sort of creative or artistic abilities in the main function of his or her job.  #$EntertainmentOrArtsProfessional includes both performing artists and producers of tangible artworks, either creative or commercial.  This collection does NOT include people working on the business side of those professions, such as producers or art dealers, whose #$jobAttributes are more similar to those of other business professionals (e.g., managers, marketers, sales representatives) than to the artists'; cf. #$EntertainmentOrArtsAdministrator.")

;;; #$EntertainmentPerformance
(#$isa #$EntertainmentPerformance #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$EntertainmentPerformance #$EntertainmentEvent)
(#$genls #$EntertainmentPerformance #$SocialGathering)
(#$genls #$EntertainmentPerformance #$AccessingAnIBT)
(#$comment #$EntertainmentPerformance "The collection of public and private entertainment performances, like plays, street performances, ballets, movies.  Each #$EntertainmentPerformance  is a presentation or exhibition, to a human audience, with artistic or entertainment value.  
Note:  Movies are included even though the Performers aren't performing in the same point in space-time.  But we draw the line at still photographs; i.e., those are not considered #$EntertainmentPerformances.")

;;; #$Entity
(#$isa #$Entity #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Entity #$SomethingExisting)
(#$comment #$Entity "?X is an #$Entity if it is a `maximal' #$SomethingExisting.  What we mean by that is that there cannot be another #$SomethingExisting of which ?X is merely a subabstraction (see #$subAbstrac).  So AlbertEinstein is an entity, but AlbertEinsteinWhileAtPrinceton is not.  In other words, an #$Entity represents the entire existence of a thing, not just one or more `temporal chunks' or #$timeSlices of a thing.")

;;; #$EthnicGroupType
(#$isa #$EthnicGroupType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$EthnicGroupType #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$genls #$EthnicGroupType #$HumanCultureType)
(#$comment #$EthnicGroupType "A collection of collections.  An #$EthnicGroupType is a set of people whose group-organization, practices or characteristics are based on ethnic origins.  E.g., some #$EthnicGroupTypes are: #$EthnicGroupOfVietnamese, #$EthnicGroupOfIndiansOfTheUS, etc.")

;;; #$EukaryoticCell
(#$isa #$EukaryoticCell #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$EukaryoticCell #$Cell)
(#$comment #$EukaryoticCell "The collection of eukaryotic cells, #$Cells which serve as the basic structural unit of eukaryotic organisms.  These cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.  Multicellular Organisms generally have #$EukaryoticCells; #$EukaryoticCell DNA has introns.  Certain #$EukaryoticCells, like the red blood corpuscles of #$Persons with heathy #$Spleens, lack nuclei.")

;;; #$EvaluatableFunction
(#$isa #$EvaluatableFunction #$Collection)
(#$genls #$EvaluatableFunction #$FunctionTheMathematicalType)
(#$comment #$EvaluatableFunction "A collection of Cyc functions.  Each element of #$EvaluatableFunction is a Cyc function which is associated (via #$lispDefun) with a piece of Heuristic Level (SubL) code that computes the result of applying the function to legal arguments.  See #$PlusFn for a good example.  An evaluatable function is evaluated only if none of its arguments is unbound.")

;;; #$Evaporating
(#$isa #$Evaporating #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Evaporating #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Evaporating #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent)
(#$comment #$Evaporating "The collection of events in which a piece of stuff is transformed from a #$LiquidStateOfMatter to a #$GaseousStateOfMatter by evaporation as opposed to boiling.")

;;; #$Evening
(#$isa #$Evening #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Evening #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Evening "Each #$Evening is started by a #$Dusk and is #$temporallyCoterminal with the #$CalendarDay it's a part of.  Each #$Evening is #$contiguousAfter an #$Afternoon, and each #$Overnight is #$contiguousAfter an #$Evening.")

;;; #$Event
(#$isa #$Event #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Event #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Event #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$Event #$TemporalThing)
(#$genls #$Event #$Situation)
(#$comment #$Event "This is one important subset of 
#$TemporalThing.  The elements of #$Event are events or actions,
things that we say are `happening', changes in the state of the 
world.  #$Event is also a subset of #$Intangible, since an 
event consists of the `actions' per se, and THEY then refer 
to the tangible objects which participate in them.  
In contrast, the collection #$SomethingExisting (another 
important subset of #$TemporalThing) has elements which have 
temporal extent yet are `static', such as a rock at the bottom 
of a pond.  



Note: While `#$SomethingExisting vs. #$Event' might seem at 
first to be an 
obvious partition of things with temporal extent, there are 
interesting borderline cases -- 
such as agreements -- which Cyc treats as instances of 
#$SomethingExisting, but which could also be represented as 
instances of #$Event.  And there are still other cases,
 such as the pure disembodied elements of #$TimeInterval, 
which are elements of #$TemporalThing yet belong neither to 
#$SomethingExisting nor to #$Event.")

;;; #$EvergreenPlant
(#$isa #$EvergreenPlant #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$EvergreenPlant #$Plant-Woody)
(#$comment #$EvergreenPlant "A collection of plants.  Each element of #$EvergreenPlant is a plant that retains leaves or needles throughout all the seasons of the year.  Cf. #$DeciduousPlant.")

;;; #$ExchangeOfUserRights
(#$isa #$ExchangeOfUserRights #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$ExchangeOfUserRights #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ExchangeOfUserRights #$ChangeInUserRights)
(#$genls #$ExchangeOfUserRights #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$genls #$ExchangeOfUserRights #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$ExchangeOfUserRights "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$ExchangeOfUserRights, two #$Agents (the #$exchangers) perform two distinct (though related) #$TransferringPossessions with each other.  Two objects are exchanged.  Each agent gains possession -- in the form of some #$UserRightsAttribute -- of something (an #$objectOfPossessionTransfer) from the other.  Each transfer is related to the other as some kind of condition, a precondition or an intended result; e.g., the news seller will hand over a paper if given fifty cents, and I give the news seller my fifty cents so that he will turn over a newspaper to me.  The two #$TransferringPossession events are #$subEvents of the #$ExchangeOfUserRights event.")

;;; #$Excitement
(#$isa #$Excitement #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Excitement #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Excitement "A feeling of arousal that stirs up, moves profoundly, or serves as a challenge to one's power, eliciting the desire to do or perceive something.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Excitement include #$Enthusiasm, #$Celebratory-Emotion, #$Triumph-TheFeeling, etc.")

;;; #$ExclusiveUserRights
(#$isa #$ExclusiveUserRights #$UserRightsAttribute)
(#$comment #$ExclusiveUserRights "An attribute of an object with respect to an #$Agent, meaning that the agent who holds this kind of #$UserRightsAttribute to an object has the sole right to use that object.  There can be only one such #$Agent at a given time; that agent may be an #$Organization or an individual person.  When you rent a car, you expect #$ExclusiveUserRights of it for the duration of your rental, even though you don't own the car.")

;;; #$Executive
(#$isa #$Executive #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Executive #$Professional)
(#$genls #$Executive #$Leader)
(#$comment #$Executive "A collection of people.  An instance of #$Executive is a person who holds an executive managerial positions in some #$Organization.  Among the members of #$Executive are top managers of organizations, including corporate officers (#$CompanyPresident, etc.), Chiefs of Staff, Generals, Admirals and others like Chief Corporate Counsel, Managing Partner, Producer, Chief Scientist, Chief Engineer, as well as other upper and upper-middle managers.")

;;; #$Exercising
(#$isa #$Exercising #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Exercising #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Exercising #$VoluntaryBodyMovement)
(#$genls #$Exercising #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$Exercising #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$Exercising #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$Exercising "The collection of events in which humans move their bodies and limbs for the purpose of general physical conditioning and/or strengthening muscles.")

;;; #$Exhaling
(#$isa #$Exhaling #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Exhaling #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Exhaling #$Translation-SinglePath)
(#$genls #$Exhaling #$EmittingAnObject)
(#$comment #$Exhaling "Expelling air from the lungs")

;;; #$ExistingObjectType
(#$isa #$ExistingObjectType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ExistingObjectType #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$ExistingObjectType #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$ExistingObjectType "A collection of collections.  Each element of each element of #$ExistingObjectType is temporally stufflike yet is objectlike in other ways, e.g., spatially.  Any one of many #$timeSlices of a copy of `Moby Dick' sitting on your shelf is still a copy of `Moby Dick' sitting on your shelf.  Most tangible objects are temporally stufflike in this fashion.   That book is, of course, not spatially stufflike; spatially, it is objectlike:  if we take a scalpel and slice the book into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of `Moby Dick'.   So (#$isa #$Book #$ExistingObjectType) is true, because each book is temporally stufflike but spatially objectlike. See the comment for #$StuffType to find out more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$ExistingObjectType.")

;;; #$ExistingStuffType
(#$isa #$ExistingStuffType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ExistingStuffType #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$ExistingStuffType #$StuffType)
(#$comment #$ExistingStuffType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$ExistingStuffType is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are temporally and spatially stufflike; they may also be stufflike in other ways, e.g., in some physical property.  Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object.  For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96.  It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood.  The fact that every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike is represented in Cyc by the assertion (#$isa #$Wood #$ExistingStuffType).  Other examples of #$ExistingStuffType: #$AppleJuice, #$IceCream, #$Diamond, #$WaxedPaper, #$StriatedMuscle. See the comment for #$StuffType to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$ExistingObjectType.")

;;; #$ExpFn
(#$isa #$ExpFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$ExpFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$ExpFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$ExpFn "#$ExpFn is the exponential operator, i.e., the unary mathematical function that returns e^x for the x value taken as its argument.  (#$ExpFn 1) returns e.  Its inverse (i.e., #$inverseFunc) is #$LogFn.")

;;; #$ExperiencingHunger
(#$isa #$ExperiencingHunger #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$ExperiencingHunger #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ExperiencingHunger #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary)
(#$comment #$ExperiencingHunger "Being hungry")

;;; #$Explosion
(#$isa #$Explosion #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Explosion #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Explosion #$DecompositionProcess)
(#$genls #$Explosion #$EnergyConversionProcess)
(#$comment #$Explosion "A collection of events.  Each instance of #$Explosion is an event that involve an extremely violent, chaotic release of energy.  It is not exactly controlled, even in the best circumstances, though it may be contained and channelled to do useful work (such as within the cylinders of a car engine, or such as when a hole is blasted for a backyard swimming pool.)")

;;; #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate
(#$isa #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate is a predicate used to form assertions about the properties of individual objects. These predicates implement the extensional structure of the Cyc ontology; e.g., #$attorneys, #$objectTakenCareOf, #$actorPartsAffected, #$vestedInterest.")

;;; #$ExteriorRegionFn
(#$isa #$ExteriorRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$ExteriorRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$ExteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$ExteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$ExteriorRegionFn "The function (ExteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of all the outer parts or sections of REGOROBJ, or the exterior main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic inside/outside orientation (unlike, say, a loop of thread), but if REGOROBJ is an enveloping part, surface membrane, ring or layer within or on a larger region or object that has its own inside/outside orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's outside portion with respect to the inside and outside of the larger region or object.")

;;; #$ExternalSurface-WholeThing
(#$isa #$ExternalSurface-WholeThing #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$ExternalSurface-WholeThing #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject)
(#$comment #$ExternalSurface-WholeThing "The collection of all entire outer physical surfaces of tangible objects.  Excludes mere patches or portions of the whole surface of an object.")

;;; #$Eye
(#$isa #$Eye #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Eye #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor)
(#$genls #$Eye #$Organ)
(#$comment #$Eye "The collection of all eyes of #$Animals. Eyes are the organs of #$VisualPerception.")

;;; #$FPSUnitOfMeasure
(#$isa #$FPSUnitOfMeasure #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$FPSUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$FPSUnitOfMeasure "A subset of #$UnitOfMeasure.  #$FPSUnitOfMeasure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the FPS (i.e., foot-pound-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities.  Examples: #$Gallon-US, #$SquareMile, #$CubicFtPerSec.")

;;; #$FaceOfAnimal
(#$isa #$FaceOfAnimal #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$FaceOfAnimal #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$FaceOfAnimal #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$FaceOfAnimal #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$FaceOfAnimal "The collection of all faces of animals.  A #$FaceOfAnimal generally consists of the region where the eyes of the animal are located.  In most terrestrial animals, this is the front region of the animal's head, and also turns out to be where the nose, mouth, etc., are located.")

;;; #$FallSeason
(#$isa #$FallSeason #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$FallSeason #$SeasonOfYear)
(#$comment #$FallSeason "The collection of Fall seasons.  In the #$TemperateClimateCycle, Fall is usually the time of harvesting and beginnings of shutting down of growth.  Also the time of harvest celebrations.  #$FallSeason represents the climatic aspects of Fall; for its purely temporal aspects, see #$CalendarAutumn.")

;;; #$False
(#$isa #$False #$TruthValue)
(#$isa #$False #$Individual)
(#$comment #$False "An element of #$TruthValue.  #$False is logical falsehood in Cyc; this is the abstract logical notion--not to be confused with Lisp's NIL, nor with the English word `false'.")

;;; #$Family-SocialEntity
(#$isa #$Family-SocialEntity #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Family-SocialEntity #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$genls #$Family-SocialEntity #$Group)
(#$genls #$Family-SocialEntity #$SocialBeing)
(#$comment #$Family-SocialEntity "A collection of organizations.  Each element of #$Family-SocialEntity is a group of people or of animals related by birth and mating.  The kinship relation is closer than simply being members of the same species.  Such a family may function together as an #$Organization.  See also the specialization #$Family-Human.")

;;; #$FamilyRelationSlot
(#$isa #$FamilyRelationSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$FamilyRelationSlot #$InterExistingObjectSlot)
(#$comment #$FamilyRelationSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$FamilyRelationSlot is a binary predicate used to represent relationships among members of human families.  Examples: #$spouse, #$siblings, #$grandmothers, #$grandfathers, #$relatives, #$cohabitingFamilyMembers.")

;;; #$Famine
(#$isa #$Famine #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Famine #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Famine #$DisasterEvent)
(#$comment #$Famine "A collection of events; a subset of #$DisasterEvent.  Each instance of #$Famine is an event taking place in a contiguous geographical area in which a lot of people are undergoing #$Starvation.")

;;; #$Farmer
(#$isa #$Farmer #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Farmer #$BlueCollarWorker)
(#$genls #$Farmer #$Professional)
(#$comment #$Farmer "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$Farmer is a person who makes (or significantly supplements) his or her income by farming.  This includes growing vegetables, grain, or fruit crops, dairy farming, or raising livestock (e.g., cattle, pigs, sheep, fish) for their meat or other animal products (e.g., wool).")

;;; #$Fear
(#$isa #$Fear #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Fear #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Fear "Unpleasant emotion manifested by painful agitation in the presence or awareness of danger.   Fear implies anxiety and loss of courage.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.   A more specialized #$FeelingAttributeType than #$Fear is #$Dread.")

;;; #$February
(#$isa #$February #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$February #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$FeelingAttribute
(#$isa #$FeelingAttribute #$CompositeAttributeType)
(#$isa #$FeelingAttribute #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$FeelingAttribute #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$FeelingAttribute #$MentalAttribute)
(#$comment #$FeelingAttribute "The collection of attributes describing emotions and mental feelings.  An element of this set would be a particular `amount' of happiness, of confidence, of fear, etc.  Obviously there are no real `units of measure' for these quantities, but one can certainly say that the `amount' of happiness one felt at one's wedding was `more' than the happiness they felt at their college graduation ceremony, etc.  There are functions, such as #$LowAmountFn, which take a #$PrimitiveAttributeType (such as the instances of #$FeelingAttributeType) and return as their value a certain-sized amount of that attribute-type; e.g., (#$LowAmountFn #$Confidence) is an expression whose value is a low amount of confidence, and that in turn will be an element of #$Confidence, and also an element of #$FeelingAttribute, and also an element of #$AttributeValue, etc.  See especially the various subsets of #$FeelingAttribute.
Note that #$FeelingAttribute is NOT an element of #$FeelingAttributeType.  Since #$FeelingAttributeType is a subset of #$PrimitiveAttributeType, any element of #$FeelingAttributeType (such as #$Happiness) should have a total order among all its elements.  All the elements of #$FeelingAttribute can't be placed in a total order (for example, how can we compare 'low happiness' with 'low contempt'?), so it should not be an element of #$FeelingAttributeType.")

;;; #$FeelingAttributeType
(#$isa #$FeelingAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$FeelingAttributeType #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$FeelingAttributeType #$AttributeType)
(#$comment #$FeelingAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each #$FeelingAttributeType is a type of attribute that describes some sort of emotion and/or mental feeling.  Some elements of #$FeelingAttributeType are:  #$Envy, #$Curiosity, #$PrideOfAccomplishment, etc.  See also #$FeelingAttribute.")

;;; #$FemaleAnimal
(#$isa #$FemaleAnimal #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$genls #$FemaleAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$FemaleAnimal "The collection of all female animals.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$FemaleAnimal #$SENSUS-Information1997 "FEMALE-ANIMAL")

;;; #$FemaleFn
(#$isa #$FemaleFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$FemaleFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$FemaleFn #$FemaleAnimal)
(#$arg1Isa #$FemaleFn #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$arg1Genl #$FemaleFn #$Animal)
(#$comment #$FemaleFn "#$FemaleFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an instance of #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$FemaleFn ORGTYPE) returns that subset of the animal taxonomic collection ORGTYPE which includes all and only the females of ORGTYPE.  For example, (#$FemaleFn #$Person) and #$FemalePerson denote the same collection, while (#$FemaleFn #$Deer) denotes the collection of all female members of #$Deer.")

;;; #$FemalePerson
(#$isa #$FemalePerson #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FemalePerson #$FemaleAnimal)
(#$genls #$FemalePerson #$Person)
(#$comment #$FemalePerson "The collection of all female persons.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$FemalePerson #$SENSUS-Information1997 "FEMALE")

;;; #$Feminine
(#$isa #$Feminine #$LinguisticObject)
(#$isa #$Feminine #$GenderOfLivingThing)
(#$comment #$Feminine "#$Feminine is a gender, indicating either that an #$Animal or #$Plant is female, or that a word has what is called feminine gender.")

;;; #$Ferry
(#$isa #$Ferry #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Ferry #$Ship)
(#$comment #$Ferry "The subcollection of Boat-WaterTransportationDevice that contains all ferryboats, i.e., boats that are used to carry people, goods or vehicles across rivers, lakes, canals or channels etc. or even from one side of a harbor to another, but normally not used to cross oceans.")

;;; #$FictionalContext
(#$isa #$FictionalContext #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$FictionalContext #$CounterfactualContext)
(#$comment #$FictionalContext "The collection of #$CounterfactualContexts which are (1) created intentionally, not by error or chance or gradual evolution and accretion in a culture, and (2) typically are the information content of some #$InformationBearingThing, and (3) are not expected (by their creator) to be believed as factual, nor do their creators believe them to be factual.  In addition to asserting fictional propositions about existing things, a #$FictionalContext may include terms for nonexistent things.  Examples: #$LordOfTheRings, #$AdventuresOfHuckleberryFinn.")

;;; #$FieldOfStudy
(#$isa #$FieldOfStudy #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$FieldOfStudy #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$comment #$FieldOfStudy "A collection of microtheories.  Each element of #$FieldOfStudy is a microtheory containing the knowledge, theory, hypotheses, evidence, and problems covered in a particular field of study (in propositional form).  Examples:  #$Linguistics, #$Ethology, #$ArtificialIntelligence, #$BusinessAdministration, #$Nursing-FieldOfStudy, etc.  Fields of study are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of #$AcademicDepartment, although the correlation between #$AcademicDepartment and #$FieldOfStudy is not one-to-one.  Note also that elements of #$FieldOfStudy are intangible objects (i.e., contexts with propositional content), while academic departments are partially tangible organizations.  For the activity of specialized study in a field, see #$CourseOfStudy.")

;;; #$FinancialAccount
(#$isa #$FinancialAccount #$AccountType)
(#$genls #$FinancialAccount #$Account)
(#$comment #$FinancialAccount "A collection of intangible objects.  Each element of #$FinancialAccount is an instance of #$Account (q.v.) which is denominated in units of #$Money.  Examples: savings accounts, credit card accounts, vendor accounts.")

;;; #$FinancialAccountTenderObject
(#$isa #$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FinancialAccountTenderObject #$TenderObject)
(#$comment #$FinancialAccountTenderObject "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject is an object, e.g., a check or a credit card, that serves as a vehicle for offering payment in funds drawn on an associated instance of #$FinancialAccount.  The liquidity of an element of #$FinancialAccountTenderObject depends on the #$accountBalance or #$accountStatus of the financial account which that object legally represents.  This collection excludes the elements of #$Currency and #$TravellersCheck.")

;;; #$FinancialAssetHoldings
(#$isa #$FinancialAssetHoldings #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FinancialAssetHoldings #$Holdings)
(#$comment #$FinancialAssetHoldings "A collection of partially tangibles.  An element of #$FinancialAssetHoldings is a group of financial assets (e.g., stocks, bonds, ... ) owned by individual or corporate #$Agent(s).  As a default, we assume that the monetary value of each group equals the sum of the monetary values of the individual assets in that group.")

;;; #$FinancialOrganization
(#$isa #$FinancialOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FinancialOrganization #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$genls #$FinancialOrganization #$CommercialServiceOrganization)
(#$comment #$FinancialOrganization "A collection of organizations; a subset of #$CommercialServiceOrganization.  An element of #$FinancialOrganization is an organization that buys, sells, trades, converts, or lends money, in the form of currency or negotiable financial instruments (such as stocks, bonds, commodities futures, etc.), as (one of) its major function(s).  The collection #$FinancialOrganization does not include businesses, such as retailers, which simply exchange goods or non-financial services for money.")

;;; #$Finger
(#$isa #$Finger #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Finger #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Finger "The collection of all digits of all #$Hands (q.v.).  Fingers are (typically) flexibly jointed and are necessary to enabling the hand (and its owner) to perform grasping and manipulation actions.")

;;; #$FiscalQuarter
(#$isa #$FiscalQuarter #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$FiscalQuarter #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$FiscalQuarter "Each instance of this collection is a 3-month-long interval of time kept track of by an #$Agent as part of its financial accounting procedures.  Since the start dates and end dates may vary depending on the organization, instances will be things like Fiscal3rdQuarterOf1995ForCycorp.")

;;; #$FiscalYear
(#$isa #$FiscalYear #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$FiscalYear #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$FiscalYear "Each instance of this collection is an annual, year-long interval of time kept track of by an #$Agent as part of its operational and financial accounting procedures.  Since the start dates and end dates may vary depending on the organization, instances of this collection are time intervals like FiscalYearOf1989ForMicrosoft")

;;; #$Fish
(#$isa #$Fish #$BiologicalClass)
(#$genls #$Fish #$Vertebrate)
(#$genls #$Fish #$Animal)
(#$genls #$Fish #$NonPersonAnimal)
(#$genls #$Fish #$AquaticOrganism)
(#$comment #$Fish "A collection of cold-blooded animals; a subset of #$Vertebrate.  Each element of #$Fish has gills, cranium, and fins, and spends all or almost all of its life under water.  The collection #$Fish excludes so-called star-fish and cuttle-fish, etc., as well as fish-shaped examples of #$Mammal such as porpoises and whales.  #$Fish is an instance of #$BiologicalClass.")

;;; #$FixedStructure
(#$isa #$FixedStructure #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FixedStructure #$ConstructionArtifact)
(#$comment #$FixedStructure "A collection of artifacts.  Each element of #$FixedStructure is a humanly-constructed, freestanding object that exists in a fixed location; e.g., buildings, pyramids, the Great Wall of China, dams, elevated roadways, canals, etc.  Such structures may have parts which are also elements of #$FixedStructure (e.g., bridge pilings) and parts which are not freestanding (e.g., the span of a bridge, or a room in a building).")

;;; #$Flammability
(#$isa #$Flammability #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Flammability #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Flammability #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Flammability "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Flammability represents a specific readiness with which some tangible substance burns.  Different degrees of #$Flammability are represented either using #$GenericValueFunctions or qualitatively (e.g., #$NotFlammable, #$BurnsEasily, #$ExplosivelyFlammable).  Flammability of an object is indicated with the predicate #$flammabilityOfObject.")

;;; #$FlatPhysicalSurface
(#$isa #$FlatPhysicalSurface #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$FlatPhysicalSurface #$Surface-Physical)
(#$comment #$FlatPhysicalSurface "The collection of all surfaces that are substantially flat (by the tolerance standards of the the context).  This means that there are no 'significant' concave depressions or convex bulges or bumps, and that the surface approximates some portion of a Euclidian plane in space.  Note that the surface may have holes or cracks and may be disconnected, in multiple (substantially coplanar) pieces.  A typical table top is a FlatPhysicalSurface.")

;;; #$Flexible
(#$isa #$Flexible #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$Flexible "A physical attribute.  #$Flexible is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of a tangible object that can be flexed, twisted, contorted.  #$Flexible objects which retain their contorted shape are described as #$Bendable (q.v.).")

;;; #$FloorInAConstruction
(#$isa #$FloorInAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FloorInAConstruction #$ConstructionArtifact)
(#$comment #$FloorInAConstruction "A physical floor in a building, NOT the level (storey).  The latter is called #$LevelOfAConstruction.  The floor can include any floor in a building such as the floor of a room on the third floor as well as the floor covering the entire 1st level of the building.  This includes just the horizontal surface -- not the subfloor.  It also doesn't include floor coverings like carpet or tile.")

;;; #$FlowPath
(#$isa #$FlowPath #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$FlowPath #$SpatialThing)
(#$genls #$FlowPath #$Path-Simple)
(#$comment #$FlowPath "A collection of pathways; a subset of #$Path-Generic.  Each element of #$FlowPath is a path whose extent is delineated by the movement of a fluid over an area; for example, the path of a lava flow or the #$AlaskanPipeline.  Elements of #$FlowPath may (but need not) be constrained by objects or forces that channel the flow of fluid; see also the subset #$FluidConduit.")

;;; #$FloweringPlant
(#$isa #$FloweringPlant #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$genls #$FloweringPlant #$Plant)
(#$comment #$FloweringPlant "The collection of plants whose seeds are enclosed in ovaries; the flowering plants in the botanical sense.  For flowering plants actually in bloom, see #$FloweryPlant.")

;;; #$FloweryPlant
(#$isa #$FloweryPlant #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FloweryPlant #$FloweringPlant)
(#$comment #$FloweryPlant "A collection of plants.  Each element of #$FloweryPlant is a flowering plant that is actually and visibly in flower (i.e., has flowers showing).  The collection #$FloweryPlant includes flowering bushes and trees with visible flowers.  This collection represents a commonsense category, not the official #$BiologicalTaxon #$FloweringPlant.")

;;; #$FluidReservoir
(#$isa #$FluidReservoir #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$FluidReservoir #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FluidReservoir #$ContainerProduct)
(#$comment #$FluidReservoir "A collection of open-ended containers; a subset of #$ContainerProduct.  An instance of #$FluidReservoir is a container which was designed to hold liquids.  These include elements of the collections #$Spoon, #$ToiletBowl, #$GlassBottle, etc.  Note a special negative case: natural `reservoirs', such as #$Lakes, are not #$ContainerProducts -- though the #$Dams that create them are artifacts, the reservoir water is contained in the natural landscape -- and hence such reservoirs are not subsets of #$FluidReservoir.")

;;; #$FluidTangibleThing
(#$isa #$FluidTangibleThing #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$FluidTangibleThing #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$FluidTangibleThing "A collection of tangibles.  Each element of #$FluidTangibleThing is a tangible thing that flows, including gases, liquids, and semisolid tangible things which are #$Pourable (e.g., sand).  Examples: the #$AirInAustin, #$LakeErie, the snow drifted in my driveway, the sand on the beach at Hippie Hollow, mercury in the thermometer on the balcony.  Note that the granules of a semisolid #$FluidTangibleThing are not necessarily themselves #$FluidTangibleThings.  Cf. #$LiquidTangibleThing.")

;;; #$Fog
(#$isa #$Fog #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Fog #$CloudOfH2O)
(#$genls #$Fog #$GaseousTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Fog "The collection of clouds (instances of #$CloudOfH2O) that cover a #$GeographicalRegion at ground-level.")

;;; #$Foggy
(#$isa #$Foggy #$WeatherAttribute)
(#$comment #$Foggy "A #$WeatherAttribute characterizing an #$OutdoorLocation covered by a ground-level cloud.")

;;; #$Foldable
(#$isa #$Foldable #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Foldable #$Bendable)
(#$comment #$Foldable "A physical attribute.  #$Foldable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of being foldable in a flexible way, like towels or paper.  Note a distinction between #$Foldable objects and #$Collapsible objects: #$Collapsible objects are #$Rigid objects collapsed by means of #$HingedJoints, while #$Foldable objects are flexible overall.")

;;; #$Food
(#$isa #$Food #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Food #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Food #$TangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$Food #$FoodAndDrink)
(#$genls #$Food #$EdibleStuff)
(#$genls #$Food #$OrganicStuff)
(#$comment #$Food "A collection of edible stuff; a subset of #$FoodAndDrink.  Each element of the collection #$Food is a particular portion of food of a type which can, and habitually is, eaten (not drunk or inhaled) by humans or animals.  Here the notion of ``eating'' is important --- not drinking or inhaling or osmosing; an element of #$Food will generally require biting, chewing, etc.  A borderline example is a bowl of Jello; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake.  Even closer to the border is a bowl of vegetable soup so thick and chunky that each spoonful require chewing.  The edibles in #$Food provide calories and/or other nutrients that humans or animals need (e.g., protein, vitamins); this is often true with a #$Drink as well, but probably less than half the time (since most drinking is of water).")

;;; #$Food-ReadyToEat
(#$isa #$Food-ReadyToEat #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Food-ReadyToEat #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Food-ReadyToEat #$FoodAndDrink)
(#$genls #$Food-ReadyToEat #$OrganicStuff)
(#$genls #$Food-ReadyToEat #$Food)
(#$comment #$Food-ReadyToEat "A collection of food.  Each instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat is an item of food of a type, and in a state, that people or animals can and normally do eat without any further preparation.  This includes foods which have already been prepared and foods which don't need any preparation before eating.  Hot baked instances of #$Pizza and ripe instances of #$Apple-TheFruit all belong in this collection.  To account for differences across cultures or species, use a specialized #$Microtheory (see #$comments on #$FoodAndDrink, #$EdibleStuff).")

;;; #$FoodAndDrink
(#$isa #$FoodAndDrink #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$FoodAndDrink #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$FoodAndDrink #$EdibleStuff)
(#$comment #$FoodAndDrink "A collection of edible stuff.  Each element of the collection #$FoodAndDrink is a food or beverage of a type which people or animals (or whatever the current microtheory is restricting its attention to --- e.g., some species of oil-eating bacteria) can and normally do consume.   Elements of #$FoodAndDrink may or may not require further preparation before the eaters find them palatable, medically safe, digestable, etc.  See #$Food-ReadyToEat for the subset of these items that are ready for immediate consumption.  In various microtheories, the elements of #$FoodAndDrink will be restricted or expanded; e.g., in the #$HumanActivitiesMt this collection is limited to only foods or beverages that modern-day human beings consume.  Some examples of #$FoodAndDrink includes a scoop of ice cream (an instance of #$IceCream), a pepperoni pizza (an instance of #$Pizza), an apple (an instance of #$EdibleFruit), a lump of bread-dough (an instance of #$Dough which, after preparation, will become an instance of edible #$Bread), a double espresso (an instance of #$Coffee-Beverage), a mouthful of hay that a horse is about to swallow (an instance of #$Hay), etc.  The latter (the hay) is not an instance of #$FoodAndDrink in the #$HumanActivitiesMt.  Note that #$FoodAndDrink does NOT include such things as spices, condiments, sauces, drugs, etc., which --- though they are nevertheless #$EdibleStuff --- do not constitute a food by themselves; those belong to other subsets of #$EdibleStuff but not to #$FoodAndDrink.  E.g., a particular pinch of oregano would be an instance of #$FoodIngredientOnly (q.v.).  Also see: #$DefaultDisjointFoodTypes.")

;;; #$FoodGroupType
(#$isa #$FoodGroupType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$FoodGroupType #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$genls #$FoodGroupType #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$FoodGroupType #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$comment #$FoodGroupType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$FoodGroupType is a collection of foodstuffs classified according to their nutritional contents.  When restricted to human foods, the elements of #$FoodGroupType are familiar as the teaching tools used in public health education in order to promote nutritionally balanced diets.  Examples include: #$DairyProduct, #$CerealFoodGroup, #$FruitAndVegetableFoodGroup, #$MeatAndLegumeFoodGroup.")

;;; #$FoodIngredientOnly
(#$isa #$FoodIngredientOnly #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$FoodIngredientOnly #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$FoodIngredientOnly #$EdibleStuff)
(#$comment #$FoodIngredientOnly "A collection of tangible stuff; a subset of #$EdibleStuff.  Each element of #$FoodIngredientOnly is an edible substance that is used in making other food but isn't eaten by itself.  These may or may not require some preparation.  For example, #$TableSalt, #$VegetableOil, and #$Ketchup are subsets of #$FoodIngredientOnly, because all of their instances are used only as ingredients or condiments.   In contrast, #$Egg-Chickens is not a subset of #$FoodIngredientOnly; some of its instances serve as ingredients in cooking other dishes, (and those instances are elements of #$FoodIngredientOnly,) but other eggs are simply eaten after poaching or frying (and those instances belong to the collection #$Food, not #$FoodIngredientOnly).  Types of foodlike #$Pizza, whose instances are never merely ingredients, are just subsets of #$Food.")

;;; #$FoodOrDrinkComposite
(#$isa #$FoodOrDrinkComposite #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$FoodOrDrinkComposite #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$FoodOrDrinkComposite #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$FoodOrDrinkComposite #$EdibleStuff)
(#$comment #$FoodOrDrinkComposite "A collection of edible stuff.  Each element of #$FoodOrDrinkComposite is an edible substance that is made up of two or more foodstuffs as constituents.  Typically, some recipe is, explicitly or implicitly, associated with the production of such substances.  #$FoodOrDrinkComposite includes both some instances of #$FoodIngredientOnly (e.g., a dollop of ketchup) and some instances of #$FoodAndDrink (e.g., a slice of a cheese pizza).")

;;; #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice
(#$isa #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice #$HOCObject)
(#$genls #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice "A collection of objects; a subset of #$PhysicalDevice.  An instance of #$FoodOrDrinkPreparationDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to prepare food or drink somehow, such as a colander, a spice mill or a pot.")

;;; #$FoodProfessional
(#$isa #$FoodProfessional #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$FoodProfessional #$Professional)
(#$comment #$FoodProfessional "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$FoodProfessional is a worker in the food and drink industry.  This collection includes bakers, brewers, butchers, and bartenders--everyone from Julia Child to Joe the bartender.")

;;; #$FoodServiceOrganization
(#$isa #$FoodServiceOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FoodServiceOrganization #$CommercialServiceOrganization)
(#$genls #$FoodServiceOrganization #$Business)
(#$comment #$FoodServiceOrganization "A collection of business organizations; a subset of both #$CommercialServiceOrganization and #$Business.  An element of #$FoodServiceOrganization is a business which prepares and/or serves food as its major function(s).  Important subsets of #$FoodServiceOrganization include #$Restaurant and #$CateringCompany.  Note that grocery stores -- and airlines -- are not themselves considered elements of #$FoodServiceOrganization, even though some of those may have #$subOrganizations or sub-contractors which are#$FoodServiceOrganizations.  Bars or taverns, in contrast to #$Restaurants that also prepare and serve food, are also not considered #$FoodServiceOrganizations.")

;;; #$FoodUtensil
(#$isa #$FoodUtensil #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FoodUtensil #$HOCObject)
(#$comment #$FoodUtensil "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$FoodUtensil is an implement or a container used in preparing or consuming food.  Among its subsets are: #$Spoon, #$CarvingKnife, #$CookingUtensil, #$FoodVessel, #$CuttingBoard, and #$ChopStick.")

;;; #$FoodVessel
(#$isa #$FoodVessel #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$FoodVessel #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FoodVessel #$ContainerProduct)
(#$genls #$FoodVessel #$FoodUtensil)
(#$comment #$FoodVessel "A collection of container products; a subset of #$FoodUtensil.  An instance of #$FoodVessel is a container designed for holding, storing, or preparing food.   For example, a dinner plate, a cake pan, a wok, a plastic food storage container, etc.  Subsets include the collections #$CookingVessel, #$EatingVessel, #$FoodStorageContainer, and numerous others.")

;;; #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart
(#$isa #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart)
(#$genls #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart "The collection of all vertebrates' feet.  A foot is a terminal part of a #$Vertebrate #$Leg.  Feet are used in locomotion, support, balance, kicking, etc.")

;;; #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure
(#$isa #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure #$FPSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfDistance)
(#$resultIsa #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure #$Distance)
(#$argsIsa #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Foot-UnitOfMeasure "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of length within the British (FPS) system.  See also #$FPSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Form-StandardizedIBO
(#$isa #$Form-StandardizedIBO #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Form-StandardizedIBO #$StructuredInformationSource)
(#$comment #$Form-StandardizedIBO "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of #$StructuredInformationSource.  Each element of #$Form-StandardizedIBO is an IBO having some standard set of labelled `fields' left blank for the user to fill in with individualized information.  Forms usually accompany some sort of bureaucratic procedure, which they may be used to initiate or to certify.  Examples include the elements of #$JobApplicationForm, #$DepositSlip, #$InsuranceClaimForm, #$OrderForm, #$TaxReturn, #$BirthCertificate, #$DiplomaDocument, #$ATMTransactionReceipt, #$MarriageLicenseDocument, #$DeathCertificate, etc.")

;;; #$FormalCOC
(#$isa #$FormalCOC #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$FormalCOC #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$FormalCOC #$CodeOfConduct)
(#$comment #$FormalCOC "A collection of microtheories; a subset of #$CodeOfConduct.  Each element of #$FormalCOC is a  code of conduct which is imposed by an organization.   Formal codes of conduct typically are explicitly stated and publicly promulgated among the group subject to them; also, they are associated with prescribed methods of enforcement and punishment of violators.  Thus, the collection #$FormalCOC includes the laws of any legal jurisdiction, the rules of deportment imposed by educational institutions, the practices of some strict religious sects, etc.   In contrast, informal codes of conduct are norms that are not prescribed or enforced by formal means; for example, etiquette (#$MannersCodeOfConduct) and ethics (#$EthicsCodeOfConduct).")

;;; #$FormalProduct
(#$isa #$FormalProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$FormalProduct #$Product)
(#$comment #$FormalProduct "A collection of products.  Each element of #$FormalProduct is a complete packaged product, including everything the customer gets when the product is purchased, e.g., the #$mainProduct, packaging, enclosures, warranties, etc.  The typical packaged product as the retailer stocks it on the shelf and sells it at the register.")

;;; #$FormalProductType
(#$isa #$FormalProductType #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$FormalProductType #$ProductType)
(#$comment #$FormalProductType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$FormalProductType is a collection of products (i.e., tangible products, services, information products, etc.), all of which conform to a standardized product specification (i.e., a `form').  In Western-style capitalistic markets, elements of #$FormalProductType are often associated with a particular brand name (and perhaps model), since competing providers of products design them to be distinctive.  For example, the collection #$InternalCombustionEngine is not an element of #$FormalProductType, but a specific collection of engines manufactured by (e.g.) Mazda would be.  On the service side, the collection #$HairCuttingEvent is not a #$FormalProductType, but a subset of hair stylings for men (e.g., at a particular designer's salon) might be.")

;;; #$Format
(#$isa #$Format #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Format #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$Format #$Individual)
(#$comment #$Format "Elements of the collection #$Format are attributes that are used to constrain the multi-valued nature of a #$Predicate.  Consider a predicate PRED which takes five arguments, and fix any four of those arguments -- say arguments 1, 2, 4, and 5.  The number of different legal values there can be for the third argument (given that we've already chosen the other four) is determined by which #$Format attribute has been specified for the 3rd argument place of PRED..





(1) If the #$arg3Format for PRED is #$SingleEntry, then there can be at most one single term that's legal (and thus at most one assertion), for those given values of arguments 1, 2, 4, and 5.  To illustrate, let's consider a predicate with a lower #$arity, say (#$mother CHILD MOM), which says that the mother of CHILD is MOM.  The #$arg2Format for #$mother should be #$SingleEntry, since an animal can have only one biological mother.





(2) If the #$arg3Format of PRED is #$SetTheFormat, then there may be any number of assertions with different terms in the third argument position, but sharing the same values for arguments 1, 2, 4, and 5.  E.g., the #$arg1Format for #$mother should be #$SetTheFormat, since a female can have multiple children.





(3) If the #$arg3Format of PRED is #$IntervalEntry, then there may be multiple assertions sharing the values of 1, 2, 4, and 5, but with different terms in the 3rd argument; however, all the values for the 3rd argument must be overlapping elements of #$ScalarInterval (q.v.).  E.g., the height of a person might be specified in several ways, with slightly different margins of error (or approximation), which is fine, but all those alternate values had better have SOME overlap since the person really just has one particular true height at any given time.")

;;; #$ForwardInferencePSC
(#$isa #$ForwardInferencePSC #$ProblemSolvingCntxt)
(#$genlMt #$ForwardInferencePSC #$BaseKB)
(#$comment #$ForwardInferencePSC "The problem solving context which is used during forward inference.")

;;; #$Fragility
(#$isa #$Fragility #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Fragility #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Fragility #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Fragility "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Fragility represents a specific property which determines how easily a physical object breaks.  Different fragilities may be designated using a #$GenericValueFunction.  Fragilities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$fragilityOfObject.")

;;; #$FrameOfReference
(#$isa #$FrameOfReference #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$FrameOfReference #$GeometricThing)
(#$comment #$FrameOfReference "A collection of geometric things.  Each element of #$FrameOfReference is a representation of the context in which certain data are to be interpreted.  Such contexts are typically physical (i.e., spatiotemporal), but contexts may also be purely mathematical.  A Cartesian coordinate system represents a frame of reference.")

;;; #$FreeSheet
(#$isa #$FreeSheet #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FreeSheet #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$comment #$FreeSheet "A collection of certain pieces of tangible stuff.  A #$FreeSheet is a #$SheetOfSomeStuff which has two sides open to the environment.  I.e. over most of each of its surfaces, it is not #$sheetSurfaceConnected with something else.")

;;; #$Freezing
(#$isa #$Freezing #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Freezing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Freezing #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$Freezing #$Translocation)
(#$comment #$Freezing "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, an object is cooled to (and then below) its #$freezingPoint and is thereby changed from a #$LiquidStateOfMatter to a #$SolidStateOfMatter.")

;;; #$Frequency
(#$isa #$Frequency #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Frequency #$Rate)
(#$genls #$Frequency #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Frequency "A collection of physical attributes; a subset of #$Rate.  Each element of #$Frequency is a measurement of the number of times something happens during some time interval.  Elements of #$Frequency may be either fixed values, such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range, such as #$Yearly, #$Hourly, or #$Rarely.  See #$UnitOfFrequency for the units used by Cyc to measure instances of #$Frequency, e.g. (#$TimesPerSecond 35), (#$KiloHertz 103).  Instances of #$Frequency are important in the characterization of types of #$WavePropagation.")

;;; #$Fried
(#$isa #$Fried #$PreparationAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Fried #$Cooked)
(#$comment #$Fried "The attribute #$Fried is a specialized form of #$Cooked.  Food that is #$Fried has been prepared in an event of #$Frying.")

;;; #$Friendliness
(#$isa #$Friendliness #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Friendliness #$Affection)
(#$genls #$Friendliness #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Friendliness "Emotion manifested by interest in another person (or, more rarely, in some nonhuman agent), good will towards that individual, and an inclination to favor him or her (or it).  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Friendliness are #$Love and #$Love-Romantic.")

;;; #$FrontSide
(#$isa #$FrontSide #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$FrontSide #$Side)
(#$comment #$FrontSide "The collection of all the entire front sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces in the frontwards direction.")

;;; #$Fruit
(#$isa #$Fruit #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Fruit #$PlantPart)
(#$comment #$Fruit "A subset of #$PlantPart.  Each element of #$Fruit is a plant structure that contains the seeds of angiosperms.  Many fruits have fleshy walls having high concentrations of sugars or fats, and these are often eaten by humans and other animals.  Fruits usually develop from the ovary wall, although some fruits include other tissues; e.g., the flesh of apples and of strawberries develops from the receptacle, and the fruits of pineapple and fig develop from a whole inflorescence (group of flowers).")

;;; #$FruitFn
(#$isa #$FruitFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$FruitFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$FruitFn #$Fruit)
(#$arg1Isa #$FruitFn #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$arg1Genl #$FruitFn #$Plant)
(#$comment #$FruitFn "#$FruitFn is a Cyc function, specifically a #$CollectionDenotingFunction, which is used to denote the various natural kinds of fruit.  #$FruitFn takes a single plant collection as its argument and returns the collection of fruits of that type of plant.  (#$FruitFn PLANTTYPE) denotes the collection of all fruits from the elements of PLANTTYPE.  Examples: (#$FruitFn #$AppleTree) denotes the collection of apples (corresponds to #$Apple-TheFruit); (#$FruitFn #$CashewTree) denotes the fruit of the cashew tree (note this does NOT correspond with #$Cashew-TheNut; the red pulpy fruit is used to make cashew wine).")

;;; #$Frustration
(#$isa #$Frustration #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Frustration #$Dissatisfaction)
(#$comment #$Frustration "A feeling of irritation and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems or unfulfilled needs.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$Frying
(#$isa #$Frying #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Frying #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Frying #$CookingFood)
(#$comment #$Frying "Cooking food by partial or total immersion in hot oil until desired level of doneness")

;;; #$FullTime
(#$isa #$FullTime #$WorkStatus)
(#$comment #$FullTime "Attribute of being a full-time worker.")

;;; #$FullUseRights
(#$isa #$FullUseRights #$UserRightsAttribute)
(#$comment #$FullUseRights "An attribute of an object with respect to an #$Agent, meaning that if the #$Agent has this right to the object, it does not place any restrictions on what the #$Agent may do with the object.  If there are restrictions on what the #$Agent may do with the object, they arise from other sources, such as formal and informal laws of behavior.  E.g., even if you have #$FullUseRights to your car, you can't violate traffic laws, kill people with it, blow it up in a parking lot, etc.")

;;; #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities
(#$isa #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$genls #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities #$EvaluatableFunction)
(#$comment #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities "A collection of mathematical functions.  Each element of #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities is a function that takes one or more numbers as its arguments, and it returns a number as its value.  Examples: subtraction (#$DifferenceFn), square root (#$SqrtFn), absolute value (#$AbsoluteValueFn), and logarithm (#$LogFn).")

;;; #$FunctionOrFunctionalPredicate
(#$isa #$FunctionOrFunctionalPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$FunctionOrFunctionalPredicate #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$FunctionOrFunctionalPredicate "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of #$FunctionOrFunctionalPredicate is either a function or else a predicate which is functional in at least one argument place (see also #$FunctionalPredicate).  Examples: #$SkolemFunction, #$IntervalMaxFn, #$ElectricalPotentialDifference, #$revenueFrom, #$costRateForType, #$permeabilityOfSubstThroSubst.")

;;; #$FunctionTheMathematicalType
(#$isa #$FunctionTheMathematicalType #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$FunctionTheMathematicalType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$FunctionTheMathematicalType #$FunctionOrFunctionalPredicate)
(#$genls #$FunctionTheMathematicalType #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$FunctionTheMathematicalType "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of #$FunctionTheMathematicalType takes some arguments and returns a unique value.  Examples: #$TimeElapsedFn, #$IntervalMaxFn, #$SkolemFunction, #$PlusFn.  Note that #$Predicate is a subset of #$FunctionTheMathematicalType, because predicates can be thought of as functions that return only (either) true or false.")

;;; #$FunctionalPredicate
(#$isa #$FunctionalPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$FunctionalPredicate #$FunctionOrFunctionalPredicate)
(#$comment #$FunctionalPredicate "#$FunctionalPredicate is the collection of Cyc predicates which are functional in at least one argument place.  Given a set of legal arguments for such a predicate's other argument positions, there will be a single value for the functional argument -- not two legal values, and not zero legal values.  For example, (#$mother CHILD MOM) is functional in its second argument, since every animal has one and only one biological mother.")

;;; #$FunctionalSlot
(#$isa #$FunctionalSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$FunctionalSlot #$ProtheticSlot)
(#$genls #$FunctionalSlot #$FunctionalPredicate)
(#$comment #$FunctionalSlot "A collection of predicates; a subset of #$FunctionalPredicate.  Each element of #$FunctionalSlot is a binary predicate which is also a function, and in which the second of its two arguments is the functional one.  A functional predicate F is an element of #$FunctionalSlot if and only if, in assertions of the form (F X Y), for any legal value of X, there is always exactly one value of Y.  #$FunctionalSlot is half of the set intersection of #$BinaryPredicate and #$FunctionalPredicate, namely for the cases where the second of the two arguments is the functional one.  Examples: #$latitude, #$countryOfAddress, #$stateOfDevice, #$femaleParentActor.")

;;; #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType
(#$isa #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$comment #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType is a collection of measurable attributes, including #$Distance, #$Time, #$Currency, #$Mass, etc.  The types of attributes in this collection are `fundamental' when contrasted with other attributes which are derived from them (such as #$Volume, #$Speed, etc.).  Cf. #$DerivedNumericAttributeType.")

;;; #$Fungus
(#$isa #$Fungus #$BiologicalKingdom)
(#$genls #$Fungus #$Organism-Whole)
(#$comment #$Fungus "The collection of fungi, the stationary, saprophytic, and symbiotic or parasitic eukaryotic organisms constituting an instance of #$BiologicalKingdom in many systems of classification.  #$Fungus includes as subsets the collections #$Mushroom, #$Yeast, and #$RingwormFungus.  Unlike most other instances of #$Plant, mushrooms are incapable of performing processes of #$Photosynthesis.")

;;; #$FurniturePiece
(#$isa #$FurniturePiece #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$FurniturePiece #$HOCObject)
(#$genls #$FurniturePiece #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$genls #$FurniturePiece #$SolidTangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$FurniturePiece "A collection of durable artifacts which are used in #$HumanShelterConstructions to make human dwelling places more comfortable.  An instance of #$FurniturePiece is a whole piece of furniture, such as a table, chair, or chest of drawers; an arm of a sofa is not a #$FurniturePiece.  Its subsets can be classified according to the main functions their elements serve:  (1) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g., #$Bed-PieceOfFurniture, #$Sofa-PieceOfFurniture, #$FootStool, #$FixedTheatreSeat); (2) providing work/action surfaces (e.g., #$Desk-PieceOfFurniture, #$DiningRoomTable); (3) providing organized and/or protective storage for people's stuff (e.g., #$Dresser-PieceOfFurniture, #$Bookcase-PieceOfFurniture); (4) providing extra illumination or some other function in living and work areas (e.g., #$ElectricLamp).  Most pieces of furniture belong to the collection #$NonPoweredDevice (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to do their function.  
Note: Yes, of course lamps, fancy console TVs, hospital beds, etc. are exceptions to that last rule -- they require power. But in a sense they are really objects performing multiple independent functions.  A fancy console TV is a piece of furniture even when it's turned off; it just so happens to fulfill two roles, one as a piece of furniture and one as an appliance.  When it's turned on, in fact, its users are intended to stop noticing it as a piece of furniture.)")

;;; #$FusionEvent
(#$isa #$FusionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$FusionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$FusionEvent #$CreationEvent)
(#$comment #$FusionEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$FusionEvent, two or more objects fuse together, yielding a product.")

;;; #$GainingUserRights
(#$isa #$GainingUserRights #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$GainingUserRights #$TransferIn)
(#$genls #$GainingUserRights #$ChangeInUserRights)
(#$comment #$GainingUserRights "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$GainingUserRights, some #$Agent gains possession of something.  Thus, in such an event, that agent newly acquires a right (viz., some #$UserRightsAttribute) to use some item.  The item in question is identified as the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer, and the agent is the #$toPossessor (i.e., the one to whom the possession comes).  The #$Agent may or may not be a #$deliberateActors in the event; e.g., buying a car is done on purpose, but receiving a car as a gift isn't.  If either of those two events happen to you, though, it is an element of the collection #$GainingUserRights.")

;;; #$GammaRay
(#$isa #$GammaRay #$WavePropagationType)
(#$genls #$GammaRay #$ElectromagneticRadiation)
(#$comment #$GammaRay "A collection of events; a subset of #$ElectromagneticRadiation.  Each element of #$GammaRay is an instance of electromagnetic radiation that has a #$wavelength less than  1x10^-2 #$Angstroms.  Low power #$GammaRays overlap with high power #$XRays.")

;;; #$GaseousFn
(#$isa #$GaseousFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$GaseousFn #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$resultGenl #$GaseousFn #$GaseousTangibleThing)
(#$arg1Isa #$GaseousFn #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$comment #$GaseousFn "A #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  #$GaseousFn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType).  (#$GaseousFn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in the #$GaseousStateOfMatter.")

;;; #$GaseousStateOfMatter
(#$isa #$GaseousStateOfMatter #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous)
(#$comment #$GaseousStateOfMatter "A basic physical state of matter.  Gaseous objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by having diffuse boundaries (when outside of containers) and by great expandability and compressibility and (in some cases) combustability.  Examples  of things that typically have this attribute are: the Earth's ionosphere; the helium in a child's balloon; the highly compressed air in a diver's scuba tank.")

;;; #$GaseousTangibleThing
(#$isa #$GaseousTangibleThing #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$genls #$GaseousTangibleThing #$FluidTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$GaseousTangibleThing "A collection of tangible substances.  Each element of #$GaseousTangibleThing is a tangible thing which is in a #$GaseousStateOfMatter; i.e., its shapes would completely conform to the boundaries of a vessel containing it, and it is compressible.  Examples: #$TheAtmosphereQuaSinglePieceOfStuff, the helium filling a child's balloon, a cloud of poisonous gas released from an Iraqi weapons dump during the Gulf War.  Cf. #$FluidTangibleThing, #$LiquidTangibleThing.")

;;; #$GenValueFn
(#$isa #$GenValueFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$GenValueFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$GenValueFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$GenValueFn #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot)
(#$arg2Isa #$GenValueFn #$Collection)
(#$arg3Isa #$GenValueFn #$GenericAttribute)
(#$comment #$GenValueFn "#$GenValueFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  It is used to denote an amount of a specified attribute that can be considered a generic value (very low, low, medium, high, or etc.) for members of the indicated group.  Thus, (#$GenValueFn PRED COL GEN) denotes the amount which can be considered the GEN value of PRED for members of the #$Collection COL.  Thus (#$GenValueFn #$heightOfObject #$BasketBallPlayer #$High) denotes the amount of distance which is a high height among basketball players.  See also #$GenericAttribute.")

;;; #$GenderOfLivingThing
(#$isa #$GenderOfLivingThing #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$isa #$GenderOfLivingThing #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType)
(#$genls #$GenderOfLivingThing #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$GenderOfLivingThing "The collection of genders that organisms can have.")

;;; #$GeneralMicrotheory
(#$isa #$GeneralMicrotheory #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$GeneralMicrotheory #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$GeneralMicrotheory #$Microtheory)
(#$comment #$GeneralMicrotheory "The collection consisting of every #$Microtheory intended to contain general axioms useful for multiple purposes.  This excludes microtheories which deal with specific situations, such as instances of #$ProblemSolvingCntxt, microtheories that represent the information content of one specific #$InformationBearingObject such as the US Declaration of Independence.  Examples of this collection are #$HumanSocialLifeMt, #$BuyingMt, and #$NaiveAnimalsMt.")

;;; #$GeneralizedTransfer
(#$isa #$GeneralizedTransfer #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$GeneralizedTransfer #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$GeneralizedTransfer #$Event)
(#$comment #$GeneralizedTransfer "This collection is a subset of #$Event.  Each element of #$GeneralizedTransfer is a general kind of transfer event, in which something (tangible or intangible) is transferred from one `place' to another.  #$GeneralizedTransfer includes changes in physical location, in ownership or possession, transfer of information, and propagation of wave phenomena through space.  See also the related predicate #$transferredThing, and the specialized subsets of this collection.")

;;; #$GenericAttribute
(#$isa #$GenericAttribute #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$GenericAttribute #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$GenericAttribute "#$GenericAttribute is a collection of basic attributes, such as #$Low, #$Medium, #$High, etc., which are applicable to a wide range of topics.")

;;; #$GenericValueFunction
(#$isa #$GenericValueFunction #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$GenericValueFunction #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$genls #$GenericValueFunction #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$comment #$GenericValueFunction "A collection of Cyc functions; a subset of #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  Each element of #$GenericValueFunction is a function that can be applied to an element of #$PrimitiveAttributeType and returns some `generic' amount (e.g., high, medium, low) of that attribute.  Such functions are particularly useful for qualitative, hard-to-quantify attribute types, e.g., #$Happiness, #$Fragility, #$Absorbency, #$Glamor, etc.  They save us from having to create individually the various levels of attributes like #$Happiness, #$Fragility, etc.  Instead, for example, we need only refer to (#$HighAmountFn #$Happiness) as an alternative to painstakingly reifying `HighHappiness' and hand-entering all the formulas that such a constant requires (e.g. #$isa, #$followingValue, etc.). The compositionality afforded by the elements of #$GenericValueFunction allows this overhead to be taken care of automatically.")

;;; #$GeneticCondition
(#$isa #$GeneticCondition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$GeneticCondition #$ChronicCondition)
(#$genls #$GeneticCondition #$CongenitalCondition)
(#$genls #$GeneticCondition #$PhysiologicalCondition)
(#$comment #$GeneticCondition "A collection of physiological conditions.  An instance of #$GeneticCondition is an abnormal condition which developed in a particular organism due to that organism's genetic configuration.  Such conditions are not contagious as infections are, but they may be hereditary.  They are often harmful, in fact they are often #$AilmentConditions, such as encephalitis.  Occasionally, though the mutation is beneficial, in which case it would be wrong to also label it an #$AilmentCondition.")

;;; #$GeographicalDirection
(#$isa #$GeographicalDirection #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$GeographicalDirection #$TerrestrialDirection)
(#$genls #$GeographicalDirection #$UnitVectorInterval)
(#$genls #$GeographicalDirection #$DirectionExpression)

;;; #$GeographicalRegion
(#$isa #$GeographicalRegion #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$GeographicalRegion #$Surface-Physical)
(#$genls #$GeographicalRegion #$Place)
(#$comment #$GeographicalRegion "A collection of spatial regions that include some piece of the surface of #$PlanetEarth.  Each element of #$GeographicalRegion is a #$PartiallyTangible entity that may be represented on a map of the Earth.  This includes both purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, and those defined by demographics, e.g., countries and cities.  In all cases, though, note that the 'region' in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact.  The elements of #$GeographicalRegion contrast in this respect with the elements of #$GeographicalThing-Intangible, which are wholly 'imaginary'.  Examples of #$GeographicalRegions: #$CityOfPittsburghPA, #$RockyMountainStates-USRegion, the #$Bahamas, #$YaleUniversity, #$SinaiPeninsula.  Some important types of regions are represented by the subsets #$GeopoliticalEntity, #$LanguageArea, #$TimeZone, #$PostalCodeRegion, #$EcologicalRegion, #$ConstructionSite.  No elements of #$GeographicalRegion are wholly indoor locations.")

;;; #$GeometricThing
(#$isa #$GeometricThing #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$GeometricThing #$MathematicalObject)
(#$genls #$GeometricThing #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$GeometricThing "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of #$GeometricThing is a spatial thing that can be described mathematically.  #$GeometricThing includes abstract shapes of various dimensions (hence points, lines, curves, polygons, polyhedra), tensors, frames of reference, angles, etc.")

;;; #$GeopoliticalEntity
(#$isa #$GeopoliticalEntity #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$GeopoliticalEntity #$LegalAgent)
(#$genls #$GeopoliticalEntity #$GeographicalRegion)
(#$comment #$GeopoliticalEntity "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of #$GeopoliticalEntity is a `thick' geographical region, in other words, a politically defined geographical region taken together with its government, people, artifical habitats, etc.  Important subsets include #$Country, #$IndependentCountry, #$State-Geopolitical, #$City, #$Province.  Examples: #$CityOfTokyoJapan, #$BoroughOfBronxNY, #$Alaska-State, #$Rwanda, #$Singapore, #$InnerMongolia, #$SomershireCountyEngland, #$Taiwan-RepublicOfChina.  Although the name #$GeopoliticalEntity may suggest, elements are not necessarily elements of #$Entity.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$GeopoliticalEntity #$SENSUS-Information1997 "GEOPOLITICAL-ENTITY")

;;; #$Gesture
(#$isa #$Gesture #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Gesture #$Situation)
(#$genls #$Gesture #$VisualInformationSource)
(#$comment #$Gesture "A collection of configurations; a subset of #$VisualInformationSource.  Each element of #$Gesture is a configuration of animal body parts that has some meaning to an observer with an understanding of the interpretive convention.  A gesture may include some tool or prop.  Gestures may be fleeting (e.g., a hello wave) or may last a long time (e.g., the gesture embodied in the #$StatueOfLiberty).  Note that, as defined in Cyc, a gesture is a meaningful configuration of body parts, NOT the actions producing the arrangement; for representation of the actions, see #$MakingAGesture.")

;;; #$GiftGiving
(#$isa #$GiftGiving #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$GiftGiving #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$GiftGiving #$GivingSomething)
(#$comment #$GiftGiving "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$GiftGiving, one #$Agent intentionally gives all use rights over an object (see #$UserRightsAttribute) to another #$Agent without taking payment in return.")

;;; #$GivingSomething
(#$isa #$GivingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$GivingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$GivingSomething #$TransferringPossession)
(#$genls #$GivingSomething #$AnimalActivity)
(#$comment #$GivingSomething "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$GivingSomething, one #$Agent gives a tangible thing to another #$Agent.  Every #$GivingSomething event can also be thought of as a receiving event.  
Note: The common case in which one #$Agent gives ownership of an object to another #$Agent is represented by the subset #$GiftGiving.")

;;; #$Glass
(#$isa #$Glass #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Glass #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$Glass #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Glass "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Glass is a piece of glass; e.g., a wine bottle, a plate glass window, a microscope slide, a crystal water goblet, the mirrors of a reflecting telescope.")

;;; #$Goal
(#$isa #$Goal #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$Goal #$MentalObject)
(#$comment #$Goal "Each element of this collection is a state of affairs that some #$Agent prefers would hold; moreover, the agent is/will be taking steps to achieve (or maintain) that state of affairs.  A #$Goal may be a reified Cyc constant, or may be represented by a #$CycFormula.   Some subsets of #$Goal (that is, some classes of goals) include: species preservation (#$PreservingOwnSpecies), self-preservation (#$PreservingSelf), accomplishing a milestone (#$Milestone), avoiding hunger (#$HungerAvoidanceGoal), etc.")

;;; #$GoingToSleep
(#$isa #$GoingToSleep #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$GoingToSleep #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$GoingToSleep #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$GoingToSleep #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$genls #$GoingToSleep #$AnimalActivity)
(#$comment #$GoingToSleep "The collection of events in which an #$Animal goes from the state of being awake to being in a state of sleep.")

;;; #$GolfCart
(#$isa #$GolfCart #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$GolfCart #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$GolfCart #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$GolfCart #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$GolfCart "The collection of all motorized vehicles that are designed for golfers to use to drive around on #$GolfCourses while they are playing #$GolfGames.  GolfCarts drive very slowly compared with #$Automobiles.")

;;; #$GovernmentCOC
(#$isa #$GovernmentCOC #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$GovernmentCOC #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$GovernmentCOC #$FormalCOC)
(#$comment #$GovernmentCOC "A collection of microtheories; a subset of #$FormalCOC (the set of formal codes of conduct).  Each instance of #$GovernmentCOC is a formal regulation of behavior imposed upon agents -- including citizens, tourists, businesses, government entities, etc., in so far as they are subject to it -- who are located within the legal jurisdiction where that code of conduct holds.  #$GovernmentCOC includes both individual laws and whole legal codes.  Some examples of #$GovernmentCOC include: the Napoleonic Code, the United States Constitution and all Federal, State, and local laws of the United States, and the particular laws against stealing found in most, if not all, countries.  Enforcement of a particular instance of #$GovernmentCOC is authorized by the government associated with that code and carried out by its agents within their jurisdiction(s).  See also #$LegalCode and #$Law.")

;;; #$GovernmentFn
(#$isa #$GovernmentFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$GovernmentFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$GovernmentFn #$RegionalGovernment)
(#$arg1Isa #$GovernmentFn #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$comment #$GovernmentFn "The Cyc function #$GovernmentFn is an #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  Given an element of #$GeopoliticalEntity as its single argument, #$GovernmentFn forms a non-atomic term (NAT) used to denote the element of #$RegionalGovernment that governs that geopolitical entity.  (#$GovernmentFn REGION) is the NAT used to denote the government of REGION.  For example, what is denoted by #$UnitedStatesFederalGovernment is the same as -- i.e., #$equals -- what is denoted by (#$GovernmentFn #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica).  See also #$government.")

;;; #$GovernmentLeaderNote
(#$isa #$GovernmentLeaderNote #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$GovernmentLeaderNote "The distinction between #$HeadOfGovernment and #$HeadOfState is a subtle one.  #$HeadOfGovernment is the set of #$Leaders who actually run the government.  #$HeadOfState is the set of #$Leaders who are mainly ceremonial figures, fulfilling diplomatic roles such as hosting foreign dignitaries.  For a given #$Country, these two roles may be filled by the same person, such as #$BillClinton for the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica in 1996, or by two separate individuals; for example, in 1996 the #$HeadOfState for #$GreatBritain would be #$QueenElizabethII, while the #$HeadOfGovernment would be John Major (#$PrimeMinister-HeadOfGovernment).  Cyc constant names indicate which government role is associated with a particular title; e.g., #$Sultan-HeadOfGovernment vs. #$Sultan-HeadOfState.")

;;; #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganization
(#$isa #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganization #$LegalGovernmentOrganization)
(#$genls #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganization #$MilitaryOrganization)
(#$comment #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganization "The collection of all #$MilitaryOrganizations which belong to, and are directed by, the governing body of a geographical region or international organization.  The government organization may be a national government, state or provincial government, or an international governing body such as the #$UnitedNationsOrganization.  The military forces may include armies, navies, air forces, military border patrols, coast guards, etc.  This collection excludes private armies and mercenary forces.")

;;; #$GovernmentOfCountry
(#$isa #$GovernmentOfCountry #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$GovernmentOfCountry #$RegionalGovernment)
(#$comment #$GovernmentOfCountry "A collection of regional government organizations.  An element of #$GovernmentOfCountry is the government of some element of #$Country; e.g., #$UnitedStatesFederalGovernment.  See also the Cyc function #$GovernmentFn, which can be used to refer to the government of a political region.  The governments of smaller regions within a country may or may not be #$subOrganizations of that country's government; in `federal' systems the smaller regions often have partly autonomous governments, as do the elements of #$State-UnitedStates.")

;;; #$Gram
(#$isa #$Gram #$UnitOfMass)
(#$isa #$Gram #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$Gram #$CGSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$Gram #$Mass)
(#$resultIsa #$Gram #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Gram #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Gram "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the gram used within the Metric system to measure mass.  See also #$CGSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Granular
(#$isa #$Granular #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Granular #$Pourable)
(#$comment #$Granular "A physical attribute.  #$Granular is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute that describes a solid  that consists of granules and has a grainy texture; e.g., sand, sugar, salt.")

;;; #$GraspingImplement
(#$isa #$GraspingImplement #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$GraspingImplement #$HandTool)
(#$comment #$GraspingImplement "A collection of tools.  An instance of #$GraspingImplement is a tool which is intended to be used to grasp (and often to subsequently immobilize or control the location/movement of) some other solid object.  Examples include each #$Vise, each pair of #$Forceps, each #$MonkeyWrench, each pair of #$Tweezers, etc.  But not a balloon, a syringe, a doorstop, a cage, etc.  A marginal positive example would be a magnetic tool designed to pick up something without actually touching it.")

;;; #$GraspingSomethingWithATool
(#$isa #$GraspingSomethingWithATool #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$GraspingSomethingWithATool #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$GraspingSomethingWithATool #$HandlingADevice)
(#$comment #$GraspingSomethingWithATool "A collection of the events in which a tool is used to grasp some object.")

;;; #$Gratitude
(#$isa #$Gratitude #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Gratitude #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Gratitude "A feeling of appreciation towards another agent for a benefit or favor received from him/her.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$GreetingSomeone
(#$isa #$GreetingSomeone #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$GreetingSomeone #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$GreetingSomeone #$CommunicationAct-Single)
(#$genls #$GreetingSomeone #$SociabilityBasedAction)
(#$comment #$GreetingSomeone "The collection of actions performed by one #$Agent to greet another.  Includes verbal and physical greetings.")

;;; #$Grilled
(#$isa #$Grilled #$PreparationAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Grilled #$Cooked)
(#$comment #$Grilled "The attribute #$Grilled is a specialized form of #$Cooked.  Food that is #$Grilled has been prepared in an event of #$GrillingFood, using a #$BBQGrill or an #$ElectricGrill.")

;;; #$GrillingFood
(#$isa #$GrillingFood #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$GrillingFood #$CookingFood)
(#$comment #$GrillingFood "Cooking food on a #$BBQGrill or an #$ElectricGrill.")

;;; #$GroundsOfOrganization
(#$isa #$GroundsOfOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$GroundsOfOrganization #$OutdoorLocation)
(#$genls #$GroundsOfOrganization #$GeographicalRegion)
(#$genls #$GroundsOfOrganization #$RealEstate)
(#$comment #$GroundsOfOrganization "A collection of smallish geographical regions.  Each element of #$GroundsOfOrganization is an area which contains buildings inhabited by some organization.  Examples: the campus of the #$UniversityOfTexasAtAustin or the grounds of #$SetonNorthwestHospital.
Note that the `grounds' of an organization, especially an organization with urban locations, might not include a yard.")

;;; #$Group
(#$isa #$Group #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Group #$TemporalThing)
(#$genls #$Group #$Individual)
(#$genls #$Group #$Situation)
(#$comment #$Group "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$Group is a composite object, made up of individual members which may be either events or objects.  A group is related to its members by the predicate #$groupMembers (q.v.).  Note that elements of #$Group are NOT collections; consider: a group has temporal extent and may have spatial extent and location, while a collection is timeless and abstract.  Nonetheless, it is possible to define a collection parallel to any group, so that the #$groupMembers of that group are also instances (#$isa's) of the correlated collection; e.g., each toe on my left foot is both an element of the collection of my left toes and a member of the group of toes on my left foot.  But that group (of my left toes) is a spatiotemporal thing, while the correlated collection (of my left toes) is NOT.  Another example: if I consider a certain flock of pigeons as having a location, a spatial extent, and a time of existence, then I am considering (the pigeon flock) a group and NOT a collection.  As a default, a group whose #$groupMembers are elements of #$SomethingExisting is itself an element of #$SomethingExisting; and a group whose #$groupMembers are elements of #$Event is itself an element of #$Event.  Finally, unlike a collection, a group cannot be empty; a group must have some #$groupMembers, or there is no group (at that point in time).  Examples of #$Group: #$QueensGuard, #$ThreeWiseMen, #$SantasReindeer, #$InternationalCommunity.")

;;; #$GroupFn
(#$isa #$GroupFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$GroupFn #$ObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$GroupFn #$Group)
(#$arg1Isa #$GroupFn #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$GroupFn "#$GroupFn is a Cyc #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  #$GroupFn is used for referring to specializations of #$Group; esp. note that applications of #$GroupFn produce COLLECTIONS (of groups), not individual groups.  #$GroupFn takes any element of #$ObjectType as its argument and returns a subset of #$Group, namely the collection containing those groups whose #$groupMembers are elements of that #$ObjectType.  (#$GroupFn OBJ-TYPE) denotes the collection of all groups whose members belong to (#$isa) OBJ-TYPE. For example, (#$GroupFn #$BallisticMissile) represents the collection of all groups of ballistic missiles, e.g., Russia's ballistic missiles, China's ballistic missiles, the U.S.'s ballistic missiles, etc.  Another example: A group of 101 (particular) Dalmatians #$isa (#$GroupFn #$Dog).  Collections of groups of events may also be denoted; e.g., Columbus's voyages to North America constitute a group (of events) which #$isa (#$GroupFn #$Travel-TripEvent).")

;;; #$Guest
(#$isa #$Guest #$HumanCyclist)

;;; #$GuidingAMovingObject
(#$isa #$GuidingAMovingObject #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$GuidingAMovingObject #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$GuidingAMovingObject #$ControllingSomething)
(#$genls #$GuidingAMovingObject #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$GuidingAMovingObject "A collection of events; a subset of both #$ControllingSomething and #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  An instance of #$GuidingAMovingObject is an event in which an agent guides or steers an object which is in motion.  For example, someone steering a car or a motorcycle, controlling a surfboard, or flying a kite.  If all you `guide' is a rotation, then that is not quite a #$GuidingAMovingObject event.  Also, if no motion actually takes place, then it would be stretching things to call that a `guiding.'  So a marginal example is #$Running (you are guiding yourself) and two marginal non-examples are:  spinning in place, and running in place.")

;;; #$Guilt
(#$isa #$Guilt #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Guilt #$Shame)
(#$comment #$Guilt "Negative, self-accusatory feeling of responsibility and blameworthiness for having caused harm by a past action, usually with conscious intent.  Note that this is not `guilty vs. innocent', but rather the feeling of guiltiness.  An unremorseful killer, though guilty (as opposed to innocent) of the murder, may not feel any #$Guilt (i.e., guiltiness) about it.    This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$Gulf
(#$isa #$Gulf #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Gulf #$BodyOfWater)
(#$comment #$Gulf "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of #$Gulf is a part of a sea extending into a land mass.  Many gulfs are the outlet for a large river system.   Examples of #$Gulf include the #$SaronicGulf, #$GulfOfMexico, #$GulfOfArkangelsk, #$GulfOfCalifornia, and #$PersianGulf.")

;;; #$Gusty
(#$isa #$Gusty #$WeatherAttribute)
(#$comment #$Gusty "A #$WeatherAttribute indicating that the wind at an #$OutdoorLocation is subject to sudden changes in direction and intensity.")

;;; #$HOCObject
(#$isa #$HOCObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HOCObject #$Artifact)
(#$comment #$HOCObject "A collection of artifacts.  #$HOCObject is a very general collection for all artifacts that are found in places where humans live or work, i.e., in some element of #$HumanOccupationConstruct (= HOC).  Since these objects are considered to be found indoors, they are all roughly `human-sized'.  Elements include everything from furniture to tools, appliances to artwork, medical examining tables to church altars and pews.")

;;; #$HPKB-User
(#$isa #$HPKB-User #$HumanCyclist)
(#$comment #$HPKB-User "The default Cyclist in the HPKB release.")

;;; #$HailProcess
(#$isa #$HailProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$HailProcess #$PrecipitationProcess)
(#$comment #$HailProcess "The collection of instances of #$PrecipitationProcess in which solid particles or small chunks of water ice fall to the earth from clouds.")

;;; #$HailStone
(#$isa #$HailStone #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HailStone 
  (#$SolidFn #$Water))
(#$genls #$HailStone #$PrecipitationParticle)
(#$comment #$HailStone "The collection of solid particles or small chunks of ice emitted from clouds in instances of #$HailProcess.")

;;; #$Hand
(#$isa #$Hand #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Hand #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Hand "The collection of all terminal parts of a #$Vertebrate forelimb which are structurally suited to function as a grasping organ (as in people, newts, etc.).  E.g., FerdinandTheBull has his forelimbs end in hooves, which are not capable of grasping things, so those are NOT considered #$Hands.")

;;; #$HandTool
(#$isa #$HandTool #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HandTool #$PortableObject)
(#$genls #$HandTool #$Tool)
(#$genls #$HandTool #$Device-SingleUser)
(#$comment #$HandTool "The collection #$HandTool is a subset of #$Tool.  Each element of #$HandTool fills all the requirements for a generic tool, plus the requirement that a hand tool is a portable object which is hand-guided throughout its operation.  Examples include the elements of #$Screwdriver, #$ManualDrill, and #$BlowDryer.  See also #$Tool, #$PortableObject.")

;;; #$HandlingADevice
(#$isa #$HandlingADevice #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$HandlingADevice #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$HandlingADevice #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$HandlingADevice #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$comment #$HandlingADevice "A collection of #$Events; a subset of #$HandlingAnObject.  An instance of #$HandlingADevice is an event in which a device is manipulated (with the operator holding and touching the device) in order to use it for its #$primaryFunction.  Instances include elements of the subsets #$Pruning, #$PlayingAMusicalInstrument, #$OperatingAHouseholdAppliance, #$PumpingGasEvent, #$WritingByHand, and many more.  Just carrying pruning shears around is not a #$HandlingADevice event.")

;;; #$HandlingAnObject
(#$isa #$HandlingAnObject #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$HandlingAnObject #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$HandlingAnObject #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$HandlingAnObject #$PhysicalContactSituation)
(#$genls #$HandlingAnObject #$ControllingSomething)
(#$comment #$HandlingAnObject "A collection of events; a subset of both #$ControllingSomething and #$PhysicalContactEvent.  An instance of #$HandlingAnObject is an event in which an object is touched and manipulated by some #$Agent.  Examples of #$HandlingAnObject include instances of  #$HoldingAnObject and of #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion.  So just holding a rock in your hand is a #$HandlingAnObject; so is washing your cereal bowl (an instance of #$WashingDishes), cutting a loose thread on your shirt (an instance of #$CuttingAThread), and carrying the rock from one place to another (an instance of #$CarryingWhileLocomoting.)  One very important class of #$HandlingAnObject instances involve operating some hand-held device --- i.e., events which are instances of the collection #$HandlingADevice.   I.e., the performer handles an object which happens to be a device, but not just lugging it around but actually employing it for its intended #$primaryFunction --- not merely to look at it or rearrange or relocate it.  For example, if you move a fork from the dishwasher to the silverware drawer, that's just #$HandlingAnObject; if you use that fork to eat some food, though, that is an instance of #$HandlingADevice.")

;;; #$Happiness
(#$isa #$Happiness #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Happiness #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Happiness "The enjoyment of pleasurable satisfaction that goes with well-being, security, effective accomplishments, or satisfied wishes.  As with all #$FeelingAttributeTypes, this is a #$Collection -- the set of all possible amounts of happiness one can feel.  One instance of #$Happiness is `extremely happy'; another is `just a little bit happy'.  
Note:  Obviously there are no real units of measure for this quantity, ways of objectively measuring the amount of happiness possessed or gained or lost, etc., but still this has proven to be a useful way for Cyc to represent and reason with emotions.  E.g., one can have a rule that says that most people have a greater `amount' of happiness at their wedding than at their high school graduation, etc.  There are functions, such as #$LowAmountFn, which take a #$PrimitiveAttributeType (such as the instances of #$FeelingAttributeType) such as #$Happiness and return as their value a certain-sized amount of that feeling; e.g., (#$LowAmountFn #$Happiness) is an expression whose value is a positive but small amount of happiness, and that in turn will be an element of #$Happiness (and also will be an element of #$FeelingAttribute and an element of #$AttributeValue, etc.)  #$FeelingAttributeTypes organize into a lattice; e.g., there are several more specialized forms of #$Happiness that are present in Cyc's ontology, such as #$Elation, #$Delight, #$Triumph-TheFeeling, etc.")

;;; #$Harbor
(#$isa #$Harbor #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Harbor #$OutdoorLocation)
(#$genls #$Harbor #$BodyOfWater)
(#$comment #$Harbor "The collection of those parts of a #$BodyOfWater, each of which is protected from the open sea and deep enough to furnish fairly safe anchorage.")

;;; #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject
(#$isa #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject is an IBO in a `hard' format, e.g., written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, carved on stone.  Humans can read hardcopy IBOs without using a computer or electronic device to access them.  Thus, #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject does NOT include the tangible IBOs which are embodied in magnetic media (e.g., data or music on tapes or disks).  Examples of #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a ten dollar bill, a price tag.")

;;; #$Hardness
(#$isa #$Hardness #$MaterialStrengthType)
(#$genls #$Hardness #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Hardness #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Hardness "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Hardness is an attribute describing how much pressure a tangible material can withstand before deforming or fragmenting.  Hardnesses may be characterized using a #$GenericValueFunction (q.v.), or relative to certain substances, e.g., #$HardAsARock.  Hardnesses of objects are reported using the predicate #$hardnessOfObject.")

;;; #$HardwareTool
(#$isa #$HardwareTool #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HardwareTool #$Tool)
(#$genls #$HardwareTool #$SolidTangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$HardwareTool #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$HardwareTool "A collection of tools.  An instance of #$HardwareTool is an object used to perform a task, usually by applying a particular kind of force on another object.  The tool is used to produce a physical effect in the position, structure, or arrangement of the other object.  Subsets of #$HardwareTool include #$Hammer, #$Screwdriver, #$HandSaw.  An electric drill is also a #$HardwareTool.  Borderline nonexamples include eating utensils, robot servants, screws, nails, and levers.")

;;; #$HarvestingAPlant
(#$isa #$HarvestingAPlant #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$HarvestingAPlant #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$HarvestingAPlant #$DirectedTranslation)
(#$genls #$HarvestingAPlant #$RemovingSomething)
(#$genls #$HarvestingAPlant #$TransportationEvent)
(#$genls #$HarvestingAPlant #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$HarvestingAPlant "A collection of events.  Each instance of #$HarvestingAPlant is an event in which a plant is harvested.  Harvesting may involve separating some part of the plant and leaving the rest in place (e.g., fruit trees), or it may involve removing the entire plant from its growing location (e.g., carrots).")

;;; #$Hat
(#$isa #$Hat #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Hat #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Hat #$ClothingAccessory)
(#$comment #$Hat "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$Hat is either a hat or other headgear or hatlike object.  Subsets include #$Helmet, #$SwimmingCap, and #$Sombrero.")

;;; #$Hate
(#$isa #$Hate #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Hate #$Dislike)
(#$genls #$Hate #$Contempt)
(#$genls #$Hate #$Hostility)
(#$comment #$Hate "An intense feeling of hostility and aversion, usually deriving from fear, anger, or a sense of injury, and usually coupled with enmity and malice.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$HavingAMeal
(#$isa #$HavingAMeal #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$HavingAMeal #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$HavingAMeal #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$HavingAMeal #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$HavingAMeal #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$HavingAMeal "A collection of events.  Each element of #$HavingAMeal is an event in which one or more diners consume a meal.  In addition to #$HavingBreakfast, #$HavingLunch, and #$HavingDinner, this includes #$HavingASnack (among other subsets).  Typically, instances of #$HavingAMeal include people eating some food and drinking one or more beverages.")

;;; #$Head-AnimalBodyPart
(#$isa #$Head-AnimalBodyPart #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$Head-AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Head-AnimalBodyPart #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Head-AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Head-AnimalBodyPart "The collection of all heads of #$Animals.
[Note: the hyphenated name reflects the need to have other terms in the knowledge base like #$Head-Vertebrate, representing a subset of this set, about which some useful specialized information is stated.]")

;;; #$Head-Vertebrate
(#$isa #$Head-Vertebrate #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Head-Vertebrate #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$Head-Vertebrate #$Head-AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Head-Vertebrate "The collection of all heads of #$Vertebrates (animals with backbones).  Vertebrate heads all have faces (see #$FaceOfAnimal) and connect to the animal's torso via a neck; these things are not generally true for most non-vertebrates.")

;;; #$HeadOfGovernment
(#$isa #$HeadOfGovernment #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$HeadOfGovernment #$Politician)
(#$comment #$HeadOfGovernment "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$HeadOfGovernment is a person who holds a political position as the titular head of the government in some element of #$Country.  Titles that such a person might hold include Prime Minister, President, Premier, King or Queen, Minister of State, Sultan, Chacellor, Chairman.  Examples: John Major, Benjamin Netanyahu, Bill Clinton.  See also #$titleOfHeadOfGovernment.  Cf. #$HeadOfState.")

;;; #$HeadOfState
(#$isa #$HeadOfState #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$HeadOfState #$Politician)
(#$genls #$HeadOfState #$Leader)
(#$comment #$HeadOfState "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$HeadOfState is a person who holds a political position as the titular leader of some element of #$Country.  Titles that such a person might hold include President, Premier, Chairman, Sultan, King or Queen, Regent.  Examples of #$HeadOfState: #$BillClinton, #$QueenElizabethII, Yasser Arafat, Hirohito, Jiang Zemin.  See also #$titleOfHeadOfState.  Cf. #$HeadOfGovernment.")

;;; #$HealthProfessional
(#$isa #$HealthProfessional #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$HealthProfessional #$Professional)
(#$comment #$HealthProfessional "The collection of all health-related professionals - including medical professionals as well as professionals not in the medical field.  For example, health inspectors.")

;;; #$Hearing
(#$isa #$Hearing #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Hearing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Hearing #$Perceiving)
(#$comment #$Hearing "The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which, by means of vibratory sensors, a #$PerceptualAgent #$hears something that is causing (or consisting of) sound waves, and thereby acquires information about it.  See also: #$ListeningDeliberately, the subset of #$Hearing events in which the aural stimulus is intentionally attended to.")

;;; #$Heart
(#$isa #$Heart #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$Heart #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Heart #$Organ)
(#$genls #$Heart #$MuscleTissue)
(#$comment #$Heart "The collection of all hearts.  A #$Heart is an #$Organ that pumps blood throughout the body of an #$Animal.")

;;; #$HeatingDevice
(#$isa #$HeatingDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HeatingDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$HeatingDevice "A collection of physical devices.  The set of #$PhysicalDevices whose #$primaryFunction is to generate heat to raise the temperature of something else.  The stuff being heated might be gaseous (air in a room or a hair dryer), liquid (water in a pool or hot water tank), or solid (food in an oven, hair with a curling iron, plastic during its shaping, etc.)  An instance of #$HeatingDevice typically has some energy input, some way of converting that energy to heat, and some way of delivering the heat to the object(s) to be heated.  A borderline positive example of this is a device which absorbs heat during warm periods such as daytimes, and radiates it back out again during cool periods such as nighttimes.  Note that heating must be a primary function of the device; no matter how little you think of your personal computer, it is not a #$HeatingDevice.")

;;; #$HeatingProcess
(#$isa #$HeatingProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$HeatingProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$HeatingProcess #$TemperatureChangingProcess)
(#$comment #$HeatingProcess "#$HeatingProcess is a specialization of #$TemperatureChangingProcess -- that is, (#$genls #$HeatingProcess #$TemperatureChangingProcess).  During each #$HeatingProcess event, the temperature of the #$objectOfStateChange is increased by applying heat to the object.")

;;; #$HeavenlyBody
(#$isa #$HeavenlyBody #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HeavenlyBody #$AstronomicalObject)
(#$genls #$HeavenlyBody #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$HeavenlyBody "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of #$HeavenlyBody is an astronomical object located in outer space (including the Earth).  Elements of #$HeavenlyBody are natural bodies, NOT artificially made objects such as spaceships or communications satellites.  Examples: the #$Sun, #$Polaris-TheStar, #$PlanetPluto, #$MoonOfEarth.")

;;; #$Helicopter
(#$isa #$Helicopter #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Helicopter #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Helicopter #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$Helicopter #$ContainerProduct)
(#$genls #$Helicopter #$AirTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Helicopter "The collection of rotary wing, self-powered mechanical devices that fly.")

;;; #$HemispheresAndCalendars
(#$isa #$HemispheresAndCalendars #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$HemispheresAndCalendars "#$CalendarSeasons are defined by the Gregorian calendar and are synchronized with the equinoxes and solstices.  #$SeasonOfYear instances are climatic seasons, events characterized by the weather in a given region.  The relationship between #$SeasonOfYear instances and #$CalendarSeasons depends upon the hemisphere (or, more precisely, upon the lattitude.)  In the northern hemisphere, north of the tropics, a #$CalendarSummer will significantly intersect with the a #$SummerSeason each year.   But in the southern hemisphere, that same #$CalendarSummer (which is the same in both hemispheres) will intersect with what is locally, weatherwise, a #$WinterSeason.")

;;; #$Herbivore
(#$isa #$Herbivore #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Herbivore #$Animal)
(#$comment #$Herbivore "The collection of animals that do not eat other animals, or parts of animals, but instead eat plants or plant parts.  #$Ruminant and its subsets #$Deer and #$Sheep are subsets of #$Herbivore.")

;;; #$HerdAnimal
(#$isa #$HerdAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HerdAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$HerdAnimal "A subset of #$Animal; the collection of all large plant-eating animals that travel and graze in social

groups.  Elements of #$HerdAnimal also belong to #$Herbivore; they include most instances of #$Ruminant and may also include

Triceretops.")

;;; #$Hertz
(#$isa #$Hertz #$UnitOfFrequency)
(#$isa #$Hertz #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Hertz #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Hertz #$Frequency)
(#$resultIsa #$Hertz #$Rate)
(#$resultIsa #$Hertz #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Hertz #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Hertz "A Cyc function, specifically an #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  #$Hertz represents the basic unit of measure for elements of #$Frequency (1 Hz=1 cycle per second).  (#$Hertz NUM) denotes the frequency NUM cycles per second.")

;;; #$HighAmountFn
(#$isa #$HighAmountFn #$GenericValueFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$HighAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$HighAmountFn #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$arg1Genl #$HighAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$HighAmountFn "#$HighAmountFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called generic values for a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (#$HighAmountFn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a high amount of' ATT in the current context.  A high amount of ATT is more than (#$MediumAmountFn ATT) but less than (#$VeryHighAmountFn ATT).")

;;; #$Highway
(#$isa #$Highway #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Highway #$PathForWheeledVehicles)
(#$comment #$Highway "The subcollection of #$PathForWheeledVehicles that contains all highways, inside or outside cities.")

;;; #$HindiLanguage
(#$isa #$HindiLanguage #$LivingLanguage)
(#$comment #$HindiLanguage "Language spoken in the Indic area.")

;;; #$Holdings
(#$isa #$Holdings #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Holdings #$Group)
(#$comment #$Holdings "A collection of sets of objects, tangible or intangible, which have some special financial, scientific, cultural, or educational value.  An instance of #$Holdings is a set of objects kept and usually maintained by some agent for their value, or to preserve the objects, or to make them available for public display or use (as in a museum's `holdings' or a library's `holdings').  The elements in a group of holdings may or may not be all of a similar type (e.g., books, paintings).  An agent's holdings may or may not all be kept in the same location.")

;;; #$Holiday
(#$isa #$Holiday #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Holiday #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Holiday #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$Holiday #$Event)
(#$comment #$Holiday "Each #$Holiday is an #$Event wherein social celebrations and/or rituals are performed, typically lasting for one #$DaysDuration and typically coinciding with a #$CalendarDay.  While #$Holidays are often #$AnnualEvents, they may also be one-time events or scheduled in some other manner.  They are also contextual, as different nationalities, eras, etc. celebrate different ones.")

;;; #$HolidaySeason
(#$isa #$HolidaySeason #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$HolidaySeason #$Event)
(#$comment #$HolidaySeason "Instances of #$HolidaySeason are events which encompass the activities around a #$Holiday (or group of #$Holidays).  The clearest example is #$ChristmasSeason.  While the exact boundaries of a #$HolidaySeason may be vague, it is nonethless a useful concept; in fact, much of the usefulness comes from that very fuzziness: it is hard to define exactly, but there are many things worth saying about it.")

;;; #$Hope
(#$isa #$Hope #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Hope #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Hope "Expectation of fulfillment or success.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$Horizon
(#$isa #$Horizon #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Horizon #$Place)
(#$comment #$Horizon "The collection of all horizons, each being the far-off region within a few degrees of the horizontal plane, where the sky appears to join the distant landscape.   The horizon is always relative to a particular point of observation.")

;;; #$HorizontalDirection
(#$isa #$HorizontalDirection #$TerrestrialDirection)
(#$comment #$HorizontalDirection "The element of #$VectorInterval that comprises all the vectors which are perpendicular to #$Up-Directly and #$Down-Directly.")

;;; #$HorizontalOrientation
(#$isa #$HorizontalOrientation #$OrientationAttribute)
(#$comment #$HorizontalOrientation "(#$orientation OBJECT #$HorizontalOrientation) means that OBJECT is horizontal with respect to the current instance of #$FrameOfReference.  A linear (#$LongAndThin) object is horizontal if and only if its longest axis lies in the horizontal plane.  A planar (#$SheetShaped) object is horizontal if and only if its two longest axes lie in the horizontal plane.  Typically, horizontal objects include dinner plates, mousepads, ice skating rinks, parking lots, and stratus clouds.")

;;; #$HorsePower
(#$isa #$HorsePower #$UnitOfPower)
(#$isa #$HorsePower #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$HorsePower #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$resultIsa #$HorsePower #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$HorsePower #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$HorsePower "An english unit of power.  The power that, roughly, a single workhorse can continually supply")

;;; #$Hospital
(#$isa #$Hospital #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Hospital #$MedicalCareInstitution)
(#$genls #$Hospital #$LocalCustomerContactPoint)
(#$genls #$Hospital #$MedicalCareOrganization)
(#$comment #$Hospital "Local (at one site) organizations composed of physicians, support personnel, and usually also administrators.  The main function of the organization is to provide medical care (short or long term) to a number of patients/clients, for a fee if the patient/client is able to pay.  A clinic services out-patients, while a hospital has in-patients.  A hospital may have a clinic as a sub-organization, though.")

;;; #$HospitalCareEvent
(#$isa #$HospitalCareEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$HospitalCareEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$HospitalCareEvent #$MedicalCareEvent)
(#$comment #$HospitalCareEvent "What happens when you are in the hospital being treated for a disease like Cancer or Hepatitis or AIDS, or recovering from Surgery.  This is not just a #$MedicalCareEvent which happens in a hospital; it's the whole event meant by a hospital stay.  Also see #$HospitalRoomStay which only represents the stay in the room.")

;;; #$HostileSocialAction
(#$isa #$HostileSocialAction #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$HostileSocialAction #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$HostileSocialAction #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$HostileSocialAction #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$HostileSocialAction "The collection of all hostile or pugnacious events, adverse to someone, in which multiple agents take part, at least one of whom is acting deliberately.  See also #$PurposefulAction.  An element of this collection is #$AssassinationOfPresidentLincoln.")

;;; #$Hostility
(#$isa #$Hostility #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Hostility #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Hostility "A feeling of strong antagonism towards another agent, organization, or group, sufficient to motivate harmful speech or actions against them.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Hostility include feelings of #$Hate.")

;;; #$HotAirBalloon
(#$isa #$HotAirBalloon #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$HotAirBalloon #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HotAirBalloon #$AirTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$HotAirBalloon #$ContainerProduct)
(#$comment #$HotAirBalloon "The collection of all hot-air buoyant balloons, #$AirTransportationDevices that usually lack a motor or a means of steering.  Each consistes of a gas-bag into which hot air is introduced, and from which a basket or passenger compartment hangs.")

;;; #$HourFn
(#$isa #$HourFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$HourFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$HourFn #$CalendarHour)
(#$arg1Isa #$HourFn #$NonNegativeInteger)
(#$arg2Isa #$HourFn #$CalendarDay)
(#$comment #$HourFn "(#$HourFn ?H ?D) denotes a #$CalendarHour -- in particular, hour number ?H (military time) of day ?D.  For example, (#$HourFn 18 (#$DayFn 14 (#$MonthFn #$February (#$YearFn 1966)))) denotes 6pm Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; #$HourOfDayType
(#$isa #$HourOfDayType #$CyclicalIntervalGroupType)
(#$genls #$HourOfDayType #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType)
(#$genls #$HourOfDayType #$TimeOfDayType)
(#$comment #$HourOfDayType "A collection of collections. Instances #$HourOfDayType are 24 canonical subsets of #$CalendarHour, such as #$TimeOfDay-8AM.  This is a proper subset of #$TimeOfDayType, which could include larger or smallers times of the day, such as `before noon' (which in Cyc in named #$TimeOfDay-AM).")

;;; #$HourlyWork
(#$isa #$HourlyWork #$WorkStatus)
(#$comment #$HourlyWork "An attribute; an element of #$WorkStatus.  The attribute of being paid an hourly rate for work done.")

;;; #$HoursDuration
(#$isa #$HoursDuration #$UnitOfTime)
(#$isa #$HoursDuration #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$HoursDuration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$HoursDuration #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$HoursDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$argsIsa #$HoursDuration #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$HoursDuration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of #$Time.  An expression of the form (#$HoursDuration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is at least ?min hours and at most ?max hours.  (#$HoursDuration ?num) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is exactly ?num hours.")

;;; #$HouseholdAppliance
(#$isa #$HouseholdAppliance #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HouseholdAppliance #$MechanicalDevice)
(#$genls #$HouseholdAppliance #$PoweredDevice)
(#$genls #$HouseholdAppliance #$HOCObject)
(#$comment #$HouseholdAppliance "A collection of devices, a subset of #$MechanicalDevice. It includes those mechanical devices typically found inside a #$HumanResidence.  An instance of #$HouseholdAppliance is a device used in one of the tasks typically carried on in a home, such as food preparation, food storage, laundry, household cleaning, personal cleaning, cooling or heating the house for comfort, etc.  Examples include elements of the collections #$Oven, #$Refrigerator, #$ClothesDryer,  #$VacuumCleaner, #$HotWaterHeater, #$Furnace.  Note that a bed, which naively is thought of as having no moving parts, is not a mechanical device, and hence not a #$HouseholdAppliance --- the same is true for most chairs, tables, sofas, and other articles of furniture.")

;;; #$HumanActivity
(#$isa #$HumanActivity #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$HumanActivity #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$HumanActivity #$AnimalActivity)
(#$comment #$HumanActivity "A collection of events.  Each element of #$HumanActivity is an activity that is performed by some instance(s) of #$Person.")

;;; #$HumanAdult
(#$isa #$HumanAdult #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$isa #$HumanAdult #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanAdult #$Person)
(#$genls #$HumanAdult #$AdultAnimal)
(#$comment #$HumanAdult "The collection of human beings old enough to participate as independent, mature members of society.  Since different societies have different age or maturity requirements for people to be considered adults, different axioms in various society-specific microtheories express these requirements.  For most modern, Western, middle-class,... purposes, e.g., the current view is that anyone over 18 is an adult.  In many cultures, adulthood occurs when one reaches puberty.  Adulthood is #$contiguousAfter childhood; that is, a #$Person is a #$HumanChild for a while, and then is a #$HumanAdult.")

;;; #$HumanChild
(#$isa #$HumanChild #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanChild 
  (#$JuvenileFn #$Person))
(#$comment #$HumanChild "The collection of all #$Persons in the childhood stage of life.  Functionally, this ends when the child begins to take responsibility for themselves, work, have children of their own,... or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people reach those milestones.  Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to teenage years.   This is highly dependent on context, of course; childhood in Shakespeare's culture ended around age 12.")

;;; #$HumanCultureType
(#$isa #$HumanCultureType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$HumanCultureType #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$genls #$HumanCultureType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$HumanCultureType "A collection of all collections.  Each #$HumanCultureType is a set of #$Persons with its own distinctive culture.  Some elements of #$HumanCultureType are:  #$FrenchPerson, #$EthnicGroupOfAustralianAborigines, etc.")

;;; #$HumanCyclist
(#$isa #$HumanCyclist #$Collection)
(#$genls #$HumanCyclist #$Person)
(#$genls #$HumanCyclist #$Cyclist)
(#$comment #$HumanCyclist "Cyclists who are also human (not androids)")

;;; #$HumanFamilyNameString
(#$isa #$HumanFamilyNameString #$IDStringType)
(#$genls #$HumanFamilyNameString #$IDString)
(#$genls #$HumanFamilyNameString #$HumanNameString)
(#$comment #$HumanFamilyNameString "The collection of family name strings such as ``Lenat'', ``Jones'', etc., which are given as last names (in most Western countries), usually at birth.
Note: elements of this collection are really just character strings, not concepts like TheNameSmith that represent character strings.")

;;; #$HumanGivenNameString
(#$isa #$HumanGivenNameString #$IDStringType)
(#$genls #$HumanGivenNameString #$IDString)
(#$genls #$HumanGivenNameString #$HumanNameString)
(#$comment #$HumanGivenNameString "The collection of non-family name strings such ``Betty'' and ``Phillip'' which are given as first or middle names (in most Western countries), usually shortly after birth.   This also includes nicknames like ``Red'' or ``The Refrigerator''.
Note: elements of this collection are really just character strings, not reified concepts like ''TheNameBetty'' that might be used to represent character strings.")

;;; #$HumanInfant
(#$isa #$HumanInfant #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanInfant #$HumanChild)
(#$comment #$HumanInfant "The collection of #$Persons in the infant stage of life.  Functionally, this ends when the infant learns to walk (even just toddle) and/or talk (even a few words)... or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people develop those skills.  Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to about 12 - 18 months old.  One of the subsets of this collection is #$NewbornBaby.")

;;; #$HumanNameString
(#$isa #$HumanNameString #$IDStringType)
(#$genls #$HumanNameString #$IDString)
(#$genls #$HumanNameString #$ProperNameString)
(#$comment #$HumanNameString "This is the class of names which human beings give themselves.  See two of its important subsets, #$HumanGivenNameString and #$HumanFamilyNameString, for examples.")

;;; #$HumanOccupationConstruct
(#$isa #$HumanOccupationConstruct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanOccupationConstruct #$ContainerProduct)
(#$genls #$HumanOccupationConstruct #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject)
(#$genls #$HumanOccupationConstruct #$ConstructionArtifact)
(#$comment #$HumanOccupationConstruct "A collection of places.  Each #$HumanOccupationConstruct is a place where people do things, such as: the Empire State Building, an individual office in that building, the White House, the Lincoln Bedroom in the White House, an elevator, a tent, etc.

An instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct is an artificial construction belonging to the collection #$ContainerProduct, and its #$primaryFunction is as a place in which humans perform activities.  Some large subsets include 
   (a) instances of #$HumanShelterConstruction (e.g., houses); 
   (b) sub-regions within a #$HumanShelterConstruction or within any building which are intended for human use (e.g., rooms, shower stalls), and 
   (c) regions in any transportation vehicle which are designed for human occupancy (e.g., the cockpit, passenger compartment).  

Note:  Some buildings which are not themselves instances of #$HumanOccupationConstruct, such as #$HooverDam, may have a sub-region which is a #$HumanOccupationConstruct (e.g., the control room at the top of the dam).

Note:  The collection #$HumanOccupationConstruct is broad enough to include tents, boiler rooms, elevator shafts, steam tunnels, and the space inside the #$LincolnMemorialInWashingtonDC.  Thus, an instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct need not be strictly #$Indoors (q.v.), since #$Indoors is meant to include many characteristics that those places do not necessarily share (such as humanly comfortable temperature, lighting at night, not terribly noisy or windy, clean).  We therefore do not make the default assertion that a #$HumanOccupationConstruct is #$Indoors; however, an instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct is certainly not a purely #$OutdoorLocation (q.v.), so we DO assert that those two collections are disjoint.  Certain subsets of #$HumanOccupationConstruct, however, do have `indoor' characteristics, and so we assert (for example) that anything found inside instances of #$RoomInAConstruction or #$ModernShelterConstruction is found #$Indoors.  Note:  For places designed to be occupied by humans but which are purely outdoor locations (such as elements of #$Lawn, #$ParkingLot, and #$Playground), see #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject.")

;;; #$HumanOccupationConstructResident
(#$isa #$HumanOccupationConstructResident #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanOccupationConstructResident #$Animal)
(#$comment #$HumanOccupationConstructResident "The collection of those #$Animals that (commonly) reside in #$HumanOccupationConstructs -- i.e., in structures that also house people.  This mostly just includes domestic pets and people.")

;;; #$HumanResidence
(#$isa #$HumanResidence #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$HumanResidence #$ContactLocationType)
(#$genls #$HumanResidence #$PhysicalContactLocation)
(#$genls #$HumanResidence #$HumanShelterConstruction)
(#$comment #$HumanResidence "A collection of construction artifacts.  Each element of #$HumanResidence is a humanly constructed shelter (or a part of one) in which humans reside--as opposed to, say, their places of employment (though the two might be the same).  #$HumanResidence includes residential huts, igloos, longhouses, hotels, barracks, palaces, houseboats, mobile homes, as well as apartments, duplexes, and detached houses.  A person's residence is typically the place where she/he usually sleeps and keeps most personal effects.")

;;; #$HumanResidenceArea
(#$isa #$HumanResidenceArea #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanResidenceArea #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject)
(#$genls #$HumanResidenceArea #$EcologicalRegion)
(#$comment #$HumanResidenceArea "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of #$HumanResidenceArea is a region in which a number of people live, at least semi-permanently (i.e., for a year or more).  Examples: #$SanFranciscoBayArea, #$ResearchTrianglePark, research stations at the #$SouthPole, radar posts in the Aleutians.")

;;; #$HumanShelterConstruction
(#$isa #$HumanShelterConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanShelterConstruction #$HumanOccupationConstruct)
(#$genls #$HumanShelterConstruction #$ShelterConstruction)
(#$genls #$HumanShelterConstruction #$ContainerProduct)
(#$comment #$HumanShelterConstruction "A collection of artifacts; a subset of #$HumanOccupationConstruct.  An instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction is a place made to shelter people from the elements by allowing them to get #$Indoors.  Subsets include #$ModernHumanResidence, #$SchoolBuilding, #$ShoppingMallBuilding, many others.   An instance of #$HumanShelterConstruction must have a roof and typically has sides, though the latter may be flimsy (as in elements of #$TentTheShelter) or even absent (as in some elements of #$ParkingGarage).")

;;; #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject
(#$isa #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject "A collection of places.  Each element of #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject is a place that humans occupy, not restricted to (though including) the interiors of things built by humans, such as houses, office buildings, and ships.  #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject also extends to campsites, caves, villages, and towns.  Examples: Doug Lenat's house, North Austin, the Five Boroughs of New York, Minnesota, the Vatican, an Antarctic research station, and (briefly) the Moon.")

;;; #$HumidClimateCycle
(#$isa #$HumidClimateCycle #$ClimateCycleType)
(#$genls #$HumidClimateCycle #$AnnualClimateCycle)
(#$comment #$HumidClimateCycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of #$HumidClimateCycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) in various continental and subtropical regions.  Characteristics of a humid climate include copious precipitation and high humidity.")

;;; #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle
(#$isa #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle #$ClimateCycleType)
(#$genls #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle #$TemperateClimateCycle)
(#$genls #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle #$HumidClimateCycle)
(#$comment #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) in continental interiors within a temperate climate zone.  Characteristics of a humid continental climate cycle include a warm summer and cold winter, with precipitation throughout.  A good example of a region whose annual climate cycles are instances of #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle is the American Midwest.  Cf. #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle.")

;;; #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle
(#$isa #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle #$ClimateCycleType)
(#$genls #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle #$TemperateClimateCycle)
(#$genls #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle #$HumidClimateCycle)
(#$comment #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) within a temperate climate zone.  Characteristics of a humid subtropical climate cycle include a hot summer and a cool winter, with precipitation and moist air throughout.  Cycles of this kind occur closer to the equator than do instances of #$HumidContinentalClimateCycle.  For instance, the Southeastern United States is a good example of a region whose annual climate cycles are instances of #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle.")

;;; #$Hungry
(#$isa #$Hungry #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$isa #$Hungry #$LevelOfHunger)
(#$comment #$Hungry "Hungry")

;;; #$IBOCreation
(#$isa #$IBOCreation #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$IBOCreation #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$IBOCreation #$IBTGeneration)
(#$genls #$IBOCreation #$CreationEvent)
(#$genls #$IBOCreation #$InformationTransferEvent)
(#$genls #$IBOCreation #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$IBOCreation "A collection of events; a subset of #$IBTGeneration.  Each element of #$IBOCreation is an event which creates a new IBO (i.e., an element of #$InformationBearingObject).  An IBO is a relatively long-lasting instance of #$InformationBearingThing.  Examples of #$IBOCreation include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, minting a coin.  When an IBO is created, its content may be either original or be copied from a prior IBO.  For creation of IBOs with new content, e.g., a personal letter, see the subset #$IBTGeneration-Original; for creation of IBOs with pre-existing content, e.g., reprinting a photograph, see #$IBTGeneration-Replication.")

;;; #$IBTCopying
(#$isa #$IBTCopying #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$IBTCopying #$IBTGeneration-Replication)
(#$comment #$IBTCopying "A collection of events; a subset of #$IBTGeneration-Replication.  Each element of #$IBTCopying is an event which generates a new IBT (i.e., an element of #$InformationBearingThing) by copying the information and format from a source IBT (see #$informationOrigin).  The new IBT encodes approximately the same information in approximately the same way as the source IBT.  Examples: photocopying a document, faxing a document, duplicating a videotape.")

;;; #$IBTGeneration
(#$isa #$IBTGeneration #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$IBTGeneration #$Action)
(#$genls #$IBTGeneration #$TransferOut)
(#$genls #$IBTGeneration #$InformationTransferEvent)
(#$comment #$IBTGeneration "A collection of information transfer events.  Each element of #$IBTGeneration is an event which creates some information-bearing thing--thus, an event in which some idea or information is expressed.  In elements of #$IBTGeneration, the particular IBT (i.e., element of #$InformationBearingThing) which is created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g., made of sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of #$InformationBearingObject (cf. #$IBOCreation).  Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes.  It is irrelevant for elements of #$IBTGeneration whether there is another agent who immediately (or, indeed, ever) accesses the resulting IBTs.  Note the difference: reading is NOT an IBT generation event, but writing (usually) is.  IBTs may be generated intentionally or unintentionally.  Also, every communication act starts with an instance of #$IBTGeneration.  See also: #$Communicating and its subsets, esp. #$CommunicationAct-Single.")

;;; #$IBTGeneration-Original
(#$isa #$IBTGeneration-Original #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$IBTGeneration-Original #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$IBTGeneration-Original #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$IBTGeneration-Original #$IBTGeneration)
(#$genls #$IBTGeneration-Original #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$IBTGeneration-Original "A collection of events; a subset of #$IBTGeneration.  Each element of #$IBTGeneration-Original is an event in which some original idea is expressed; that is, the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of a previously created information-bearing thing.  See also #$IBTGeneration, #$Communicating.")

;;; #$IBTGeneration-Replication
(#$isa #$IBTGeneration-Replication #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$IBTGeneration-Replication #$IBTGeneration)
(#$comment #$IBTGeneration-Replication "A collection events; a subset of #$IBTGeneration.  Each element of #$IBTGeneration-Replication is an event in which a new IBT (i.e., an #$InformationBearingThing) is created whose content is based on that of a preexisting IBT (which is the #$informationOrigin of the generation event).  The new IBT contains at least part of the information content of the original IBT.  It may use the same or a different way of encoding the information.")

;;; #$IBTRecoding
(#$isa #$IBTRecoding #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$IBTRecoding #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$IBTRecoding #$IBTGeneration-Replication)
(#$comment #$IBTRecoding "A collection of events; a subset of #$IBTGeneration-Replication.  Each element of #$IBTRecoding is an event which generates a new IBT (i.e., an element of #$InformationBearingThing), by taking information from a source IBT (see #$informationOrigin), encoding it a new way, and incorporating it into a new information-bearing thing (see #$ibtGenerated).  Elements of #$IBTRecoding may be done either by agents (e.g., people) or by non-agents (e.g., record players, or computers running translation software).  Recoding the content of a pre-existing IBT presupposes some instance of accessing it (i.e., of #$AccessingAnIBT).")

;;; #$IDDocument
(#$isa #$IDDocument #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$IDDocument #$OfficialDocument)
(#$comment #$IDDocument "A collection of official documents.  Each element of #$IDDocument is an accepted credential for identifying some object.  Important subsets of #$IDDocument include #$Passport, #$DriverLicense, #$SocialSecurityCard.  Other examples include student ID cards, dog tags (worn by military personnel), dog tags (worn by dogs), authentication certificates for a work of art or an antique.")

;;; #$IDString
(#$isa #$IDString #$IDStringType)
(#$genls #$IDString #$CharacterString)
(#$comment #$IDString "A collection of objects; a subset of #$CharacterString.  Each element of #$IDString is a character string which is used to denote a specific object in some identification mapping; for example, instances of #$ModelNumber (e.g., ``JHS146973S2''), or instances of #$PostalCode (e.g., ``78751'').  See also #$DenotedObjectFn and #$objectID.")

;;; #$IDStringType
(#$isa #$IDStringType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$IDStringType #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$IDStringType "A collection of collections.  Each element in #$IDStringType is a collection of character strings which is a subset of #$IDString (q.v.).  A few instances of #$IDStringType: #$ProductName, #$ProductVersion, #$EMailAddress, #$PhoneNumber, #$PostalCode.")

;;; #$IllocutionaryForce
(#$isa #$IllocutionaryForce #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$IllocutionaryForce #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$genls #$IllocutionaryForce #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory)
(#$comment #$IllocutionaryForce "A collection of pieces of information; a subset of #$PropositionalInformationThing.  Each element of #$IllocutionaryForce is a specialized component of a communication; its function is to indicate how the speaker in a communication wants the agent(s) whom s/he is addressing to understand, and respond to, the situation--i.e., the state of affairs--described in that communication.  Isolating the `illocutionary force' of a communication allows us to characterize the intention of a speaker; e.g., whether s/he means to assert that the described state of affairs in fact holds; or to express a desire that such a state of affairs hold; or to command someone to make that state of affairs hold; or to offer to make the state of affairs hold.  S/he may even intend to make something true by stating it (e.g., ``I name this ship `The Intrepid'.''). 
Usually, apprehending a speaker's intention is important for understanding what s/he means and what s/he intends the hearer to do.  Although illocutionary forces can be represented propositionally, they are not generally communicated so explicitly.  For example, questions in English are typically communicated by inverting subject-object word order and raising one's intonation at the end of the utterance.  (The intonation marker so strongly indicates a question that it may suffice without the inverted word order, as in `You are going tonight' uttered with a rising intonation.)  Commands in English typically have an (unexpressed) understood subject and perhaps a forceful tone.  In every culture and language there are conventional sets of commonly used illocutionary forces which would be the subsets of #$IllocutionaryForce for that culture; e.g., in English, they include #$Inform contexts, #$Request, #$Offer, #$Promise, and #$Query.
Note: although in this comment #$IllocutionaryForce is explained in terms of utterances, it applies to communication generally; so `speaker' and `listener' should be broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.  See also #$Communicating, #$CommunicationAct-Single.  The portion of a communication's information content that represents the illocutionary force is indicated using #$componentIF.")

;;; #$IlluminationModeAttribute
(#$isa #$IlluminationModeAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$IlluminationModeAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$IlluminationModeAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$IlluminationModeAttribute describes something about the type of illumination falling on a region or an object.  For example, #$DirectIllumination, #$IndirectIllumination, #$ReflectedIllumination, #$PartDirectPartIndirect.")

;;; #$ImmediateWeatherProcess
(#$isa #$ImmediateWeatherProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$ImmediateWeatherProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ImmediateWeatherProcess #$WeatherEvent)
(#$comment #$ImmediateWeatherProcess "The collection of meteorological events of a duration shorter than seasonal processes.  A particular hurricane event, for example, might be characteristic of a seasonal process for a region; but the hurricane event itself is an instance of #$ImmediateWeatherProcess.  Another example of an #$ImmediateWeatherProcess is a single #$LightningEvent.  (Cf. #$AnnualClimateCycle.)")

;;; #$InanimateObject-Natural
(#$isa #$InanimateObject-Natural #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InanimateObject-Natural #$InanimateThing-Natural)
(#$comment #$InanimateObject-Natural "A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made) objects. It is a subclass of #$InanimateThing-Natural, distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which are existing object-types. Thus, #$CelestialObject would be a subclass of this collection, but #$Dirt would not.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$InanimateObject-Natural #$SENSUS-Information1997 "NATURAL-OBJECT")

;;; #$InanimateThing
(#$isa #$InanimateThing #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InanimateThing #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$InanimateThing "A collection of tangibles.  Each element of #$InanimateThing is a tangible thing which is not a living structure.  Examples: #$YaleUniversity, the #$StatueOfLiberty, a U.S. ten-dollar bill, the #$MoonOfEarth, a safety pin.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$InanimateThing #$SENSUS-Information1997 "INANIMATE-OBJECT")

;;; #$InanimateThing-Natural
(#$isa #$InanimateThing-Natural #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$InanimateThing-Natural #$InanimateThing)
(#$comment #$InanimateThing-Natural "A collection of tangibles. Each element of #$InanimateThing-Natural is an #$InanimateThing that is not man-made. Thus, the #$MoonOfEarth and  the #$AtlanticOcean belong to this class, but the #$ArcDeTriomphe does not.")

;;; #$Inch
(#$isa #$Inch #$FPSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Inch #$UnitOfDistance)
(#$isa #$Inch #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Inch #$Distance)
(#$resultIsa #$Inch #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Inch #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Inch "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the inch used to measure length within the British (FPS) system.  See also #$FPSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$IncurringAnInjury
(#$isa #$IncurringAnInjury #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$IncurringAnInjury #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$genls #$IncurringAnInjury #$AnimalActivity)
(#$genls #$IncurringAnInjury #$IncurringDamage)
(#$comment #$IncurringAnInjury "A collection of events.  An instance of #$IncurringAnInjury is an event in which an animal becomes injured.  In such events, the animal which is hurt is the #$bodilyActedOn in the event.  The condition which results of an instance of #$IncurringAnInjury would be an instance of #$InjuryCondition (q.v.).  Also see the comment on #$AilmentCondition.")

;;; #$IncurringDamage
(#$isa #$IncurringDamage #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$IncurringDamage #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$genls #$IncurringDamage #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$comment #$IncurringDamage "The collection of events in which some sort of damage is incurred to a person or property.")

;;; #$IndependentCountry
(#$isa #$IndependentCountry #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType)
(#$genls #$IndependentCountry #$Country)
(#$comment #$IndependentCountry "A collection of geopolitical entities. Each element of #$IndependentCountry is a distinct, independent geopolitical entity generally recognized by the international community. An independent country typically has a (relatively) stable government and enforced borders, its own currency, laws, culture, etc. Examples: #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica, #$Germany, #$Liberia, #$Mongolia-PeoplesRepublic, #$India, #$Taiwan-RepublicOfChina, #$Honduras.")

;;; #$IndependentOrganization
(#$isa #$IndependentOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$IndependentOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$IndependentOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$IndependentOrganization is an organization which is not affiliated with any #$ChainOrganization and that is not a sub-organization of any other #$Organization.  An independent organization is neither the top-level organization of a chain, nor a lower level organization in a chain, nor is it an element of #$ChainOrganization.  Note, however, that an #$IndependentOrganization may have several locations within a small geographical region; e.g., Texas French Bread (a single, independent business) has multiple locations in Austin, TX.")

;;; #$IndexedInfoSource
(#$isa #$IndexedInfoSource #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$IndexedInfoSource #$AbstractInformation)
(#$comment #$IndexedInfoSource "The collection of all 
information sources in which the information contained theirein 
is indexed by some set of terms, names, #$CharacterStrings, 
#$IDNumbers or codes.   Given such an index term, there is a 
specific part of the #$IndexedInfoSource associated with that 
term.  Each instance has some format or organizing structure 
imposed on the information, although the format might not be 
intrinsically ordered..  An instance of #$IndexedInfoSource 
is the abstract informational content of the source, not any 
particular physical object in which the information is stored.  
Examples include a #$Dictionary, #$Thesaurus, 
#$Database-AbstractContent, or a #$KnowledgeBase.  Some examples that do not qualify are #$PaintingAsArtForm, or a #$CharacterString without any structuring information about it or that has no 
structure beyond being a string of characters.")

;;; #$IndexicalConcept
(#$isa #$IndexicalConcept #$Collection)
(#$genls #$IndexicalConcept #$Thing)
(#$comment #$IndexicalConcept "#$IndexicalConcepts are those 
whose referent essentially depends on the occasion of use and 
the user, e.g., #$Now, I, Here. When I use the concept 'I,' I 
am referring to myself (#$OKeefe), but 'I' does not mean 
#$OKeefe, but refers to whomever the user is. Similarly, #$Now denotes the moment in which it used.")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$IndexicalConcept #$SENSUS-Information1997 "RELATIVE-SPATIAL-TEMPORAL")

;;; #$Individual
(#$isa #$Individual #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Individual #$Thing)
(#$comment #$Individual "#$Individual is the collection of all things that are NOT sets or collections.  Thus, #$Individual includes (among other things) physical objects, temporal subabstractions of physical objects, numbers, relations, and groups (see #$Group).  An element of #$Individual may have parts or a structure (including parts that are discontinuous); but NO instance of #$Individual can have elements or subsets.

Important distinction:  Though an element of #$Individual may have parts (e.g., #$physicalParts or #$groupMembers), that individual is NOT the same thing as the collection containing those same parts.  For example, your car is an individual, but the collection of all the parts of your car is an instance of #$Collection.  The latter -- the collection of parts of your car -- is an abstract collection; it doesn't have a location, it doesn't have a top speed, etc. -- it's just a collection! -- but it does have subsets, supersets, and members.  Similarly: `Bill Clinton's immediate family' is an individual; however, the collection of persons who belong to that family is a collection. One final example: A company belongs to #$Individual and is distinct from the collection of its employees (which #$isa #$Collection).")

;;; #$IndividualAgent
(#$isa #$IndividualAgent #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$IndividualAgent #$Agent)
(#$comment #$IndividualAgent "The collection of all individuals belonging to the collection #$Agent.  Each person, each animal, etc., is an element of #$IndividualAgent, in most contexts.  Note that instances of #$Organization will in general NOT be elements of #$IndividualAgent.")

;;; #$IndividualDenotingFunction
(#$isa #$IndividualDenotingFunction #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$IndividualDenotingFunction #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$comment #$IndividualDenotingFunction "The collection of all Cyc functions which return elements of #$Individual.  Examples: #$PerimeterFn, #$InteriorFn, #$GoalFn, #$MedalAwardCeremonyFn, all return particular individuals when applied to their proper arguments; e.g., (#$InteriorFn #$LincolnMemorialInWashingtonDC) designates the particular space inside the Lincoln Memorial.  Cf. #$CollectionDenotingFunction.")

;;; #$Indonesia-TheNation
(#$isa #$Indonesia-TheNation #$IndependentCountry)
(#$isa #$Indonesia-TheNation #$Entity)
(#$comment #$Indonesia-TheNation "The country of Indonesia, which comprises 13500 islands. Includes both physical and political aspects.")

;;; #$Infection
(#$isa #$Infection #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$Infection #$AilmentCondition)
(#$comment #$Infection "A collection of ailments; a subset of #$AilmentCondition.  An instance of #$Infection is a disease condition in which microorganisms are abnormally present (or abnormally numerous) within an animal's body.  The microorganisms involved in an infection may be some instance of the collections #$Bacterium, #$Virus, or #$ProtistaKingdom.  Specialized subsets of #$Infection include: #$Bronchitis, #$Tonsillitis, #$SexuallyTransmittedInfection (which has further subsets).  A particular case of tonsilitis is thus an element of the collection #$Infection.")

;;; #$InfectionFn
(#$isa #$InfectionFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$InfectionFn #$InfectionType)
(#$resultGenl #$InfectionFn #$Infection)
(#$arg1Isa #$InfectionFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$arg1Genl #$InfectionFn #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$InfectionFn "#$InfectionFn is a Cyc function, and in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  It is used to decribe ailments according to the region of the animal's body in which they are found.  (#$InfectionFn REGION) denotes the collection of infections of the region of the body, REGION.  For example, (#$InfectionFn #$Throat) is the set of all throat infections, and hence a subset of #$Infection.  When you get a case of strep throat, that is an element of (#$InfectionFn #$Throat).   When you get appendicitis, that is an element of the set represented by (#$InfectionFn #$Appendix-OrganPart).")

;;; #$InfectionTransmissionEvent
(#$isa #$InfectionTransmissionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$InfectionTransmissionEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$InfectionTransmissionEvent #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$InfectionTransmissionEvent #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$InfectionTransmissionEvent "The collection of events in which some instance of #$Infection is transmitted from one member of #$BiologicalLivingObject to another.")

;;; #$InfectionType
(#$isa #$InfectionType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$InfectionType #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$comment #$InfectionType "Elements are the subsets of #$Infection.  This type collection may be removed from the KB.")

;;; #$InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate
(#$isa #$InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate #$BookkeepingPredicate)
(#$comment #$InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate is a predicate involved in assertions used by the Cyc application to direct inferencing.  Examples: #$defnIff, #$defnSufficient, #$termOfUnit, #$afterAdding.")

;;; #$InflatableBoat
(#$isa #$InflatableBoat #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InflatableBoat #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$InflatableBoat "The collection of all inflatable boats, that is, boats (mostly small watercraft) that are composed of some fabric or membrane and are inflated with air to give them buoyancy in water.")

;;; #$Inform
(#$isa #$Inform #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Inform #$IllocutionaryForce)
(#$comment #$Inform "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of #$Inform consists of a piece of information contained (usually implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention to inform the listener that the propositional content of what s/he utters is true.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.  See also #$IllocutionaryForce.")

;;; #$Inform-CommunicationAct
(#$isa #$Inform-CommunicationAct #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Inform-CommunicationAct #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Inform-CommunicationAct #$CommunicationAct-Single)
(#$comment #$Inform-CommunicationAct "The collection of acts of conveying information by means of intentional communication.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Inform-CommunicationAct #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ASSERTION")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Inform-CommunicationAct #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ASSERTIVE-ACT")

;;; #$InformationAdding
(#$isa #$InformationAdding #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$InformationAdding #$InformationUpdating)
(#$comment #$InformationAdding "A collection of events; a subset of #$InformationUpdating.  Each element of #$InformationAdding is an event in which information is added to the information content of an IBO (i.e., an element of #$InformationBearingObject).  After the action, the IBO which is the #$informationDestination of the update `has' the new information (i.e., #$infoAdded).  The resulting information content of that IBO includes both its content immediately prior to the addition, plus the newly added information.  Examples of #$InformationAdding: recording a check in the check register of one's checkbook; taking the next photograph on a roll of film; adding a new constant to the #$CycKB.")

;;; #$InformationBearingObject
(#$isa #$InformationBearingObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InformationBearingObject #$InformationBearingThing)
(#$genls #$InformationBearingObject #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject)
(#$comment #$InformationBearingObject "A collection of objects which are both tangible and intangible.  (See also the comment for its superset #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject.)  Each element of #$InformationBearingObject is an object that can be interpreted, by an interpreter understanding its conventions, to yield a chunk or chunks of information.  #$InformationBearingObject includes all of the following: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints, gestures, and utterances, which may be interpreted to yield information.  Note: `an IBO' abbreviates `an information bearing object'.  Cf. #$InformationBearingWavePropagation.  See also #$containsInformation.")

;;; #$InformationBearingThing
(#$isa #$InformationBearingThing #$Collection)
(#$genls #$InformationBearingThing #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$InformationBearingThing "A collection of temporal objects, including actions and events as well as physical objects.  Each element of #$InformationBearingThing is an item that carries information, for an interpreter who understands its conventions.  Examples: a copy of the novel `Moby Dick'; a signal buoy; a photograph; a flag; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; an account ledger; a word in ASL; a musical score; the #$Cyc program itself.  Note: `an IBT' abbreviates `an information bearing thing'.  See also #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType.  For representation of the propositional content of information bearing things, see #$PropositionalInformationThing; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. #$ArtObject).")

;;; #$InformationBearingWavePropagation
(#$isa #$InformationBearingWavePropagation #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$InformationBearingWavePropagation #$WavePropagation)
(#$genls #$InformationBearingWavePropagation #$InformationBearingThing)
(#$comment #$InformationBearingWavePropagation "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation is a #$WavePropagation (q.v.) event that carries information, for an interpreter which understands its conventions.  Examples of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation include sounds, radio signals, and images of visible light.  These eventlike IBTs should be contrasted with the relatively static, persistent, objectlike IBTs in the collection #$InformationBearingObject.")

;;; #$InformationRecordingDevice
(#$isa #$InformationRecordingDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InformationRecordingDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$InformationRecordingDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$InformationRecordingDevice is a device used for the recording of sensory information (i.e., audio and visual, but not encoded as character strings.)  So an instance would be your answering machine at home (an #$AnsweringMachine), your cam-corder (a #$VideoCamera), but NOT your address book or your copy of the Yellow Pages.  
Note: A borderline case is a PDA (such as an Apple Newton) used to record handwritten script.  If it then processes that information and converts it to ASCII characters, it has stopped being an #$InformationRecordingDevice in the currently intended sense.  Probably a better name for this concept, therefore, would be DeviceToRecordAnalogInformation.")

;;; #$InformationRecordingProcess
(#$isa #$InformationRecordingProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$InformationRecordingProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$InformationRecordingProcess #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$genls #$InformationRecordingProcess #$IBOCreation)
(#$comment #$InformationRecordingProcess "A collection of events in which information is recorded, using an #$InformationRecordingDevice.  Every #$InformationRecordingProcess produces an #$InformationBearingObject.")

;;; #$InformationRemoving
(#$isa #$InformationRemoving #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$InformationRemoving #$InformationUpdating)
(#$comment #$InformationRemoving "The collection of actions in which information is removed from or erased from an IBO (#$InformationBearingObject).  After the action, the remaining info content, if any, of the IBO acted on is only a part of what it started out to be.  The removed information doesn't go anywhere; after removal it doesn't end up encoded in something else.")

;;; #$InformationTransferEvent
(#$isa #$InformationTransferEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$InformationTransferEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$InformationTransferEvent #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$InformationTransferEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$InformationTransferEvent is an event in which information is transferred from a source (#$informationOrigin) to a destination (#$informationDestination), both of which are either intelligent agents or IBTs (i.e., elements of #$InformationBearingThing).  Examples: reading a book (transfer from book to reader); saying something to someone (transfer from speaker to listener); machine translation (transfer from an encoded IBT in the source language to an encoded IBT in the target language); OCR scanning (transfer of info from visual information source to another IBT in different format); carving initials in a tree (transfer from agent to IBT), etc.  Note: this is a generalization of the `mtrans' operator in Roger Schank's Conceptual Dependency theory.")

;;; #$InformationUpdating
(#$isa #$InformationUpdating #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$InformationUpdating #$InformationTransferEvent)
(#$comment #$InformationUpdating "A collection of information transfer events.  Each element of #$InformationUpdating is an event in which the information content of an IBO (i.e., an element of #$InformationBearingObject) is altered, either by removing or by adding information, or both.  Note that this is possible only for tangible IBOs.")

;;; #$Ingesting
(#$isa #$Ingesting #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Ingesting #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Ingesting #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$Ingesting #$DirectedTranslation)
(#$genls #$Ingesting #$VoluntaryBodyMovement)
(#$genls #$Ingesting #$BiologicalIntakeEvent)
(#$genls #$Ingesting #$BodilyFunctionEvent)
(#$comment #$Ingesting "A collection of events; a subset of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent.  Each element of #$Ingesting is a complex process in which a thing is brought into some organism's mouth from the outside, is swallowed, and is moved to the organism's stomach.  Every element of #$Ingesting has among its #$subEvents an instance of #$Swallowing which occurs after the intake.   (Thus, though chewing gum is a #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, it is not an #$Ingesting unless the gum is swallowed.)  An ingesting event ends when the ingested stuff reaches the ingester's stomach (where an instance of #$DigestionEvent begins -- provided that what was ingested is an element of #$EdibleStuff).")

;;; #$IngestingFn
(#$isa #$IngestingFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$IngestingFn #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$IngestingFn #$Ingesting)
(#$arg1Isa #$IngestingFn #$StuffType)
(#$arg1Genl #$IngestingFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$IngestingFn "The Cyc function #$IngestingFn is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  It is used to represent collections of events in which certain types of things are consumed.  (#$IngestingFn STUFFTYPE) denotes the collection of events in which a tangible substance of the type STUFFTYPE is ingested.  For example, lots of instances of (#$IngestingFn #$Popcorn) occur at the movies.")

;;; #$Inhaling
(#$isa #$Inhaling #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Inhaling #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Inhaling #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$genls #$Inhaling #$BiologicalIntakeEvent)
(#$comment #$Inhaling "The collection of all body movement events in which an animal takes air in through an appropriate portal (#$Mouth, #$Nose) and passes it into its #$Lungs.  The elements of #$Breathing all have #$subEvents which are #$Inhalings.")

;;; #$InorganicStuff
(#$isa #$InorganicStuff #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$InorganicStuff #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$InorganicStuff #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$InorganicStuff "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$InorganicStuff is a tangible thing which is wholly composed of one or more types of inorganic #$Molecule.  Instances of #$InorganicStuff usually didn't originate as parts or products of living things.")

;;; #$Insect
(#$isa #$Insect #$BiologicalClass)
(#$genls #$Insect #$Arthropod)
(#$comment #$Insect "A collection of animals; a subset of #$Arthropod.  Each element of #$Insect is a small arthropod whose body is segmented into thirds, with three pairs of legs, and one or two pairs of wings.  The most familiar members of #$Arthropod are the 'bugs' encountered in human daily life.  Some insects bite, some infest houses, and some carry disease.  #$Insect is an instance of #$BiologicalClass.")

;;; #$InsideSurface
(#$isa #$InsideSurface #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$InsideSurface #$Surface-Physical)
(#$comment #$InsideSurface "The collection of all inside surfaces of (surfaces of the interiors of) tangible things.  The tangible thing may have a #$Cavity or several cavities or passageways.  Often the tangible thing can be thought of as a container of some sort.")

;;; #$Instructions
(#$isa #$Instructions #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Instructions #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$comment #$Instructions "A collection of executable pieces of information; a subset of #$PropositionalInformationThing.  Each element of #$Instructions outlines a sequence of tasks to be performed, such as instructions on a food package, verbal instructions, etc.")

;;; #$InsulatorResistance
(#$isa #$InsulatorResistance #$ElectricalResistance)
(#$comment #$InsulatorResistance "A measurable physical attribute.  #$InsulatorResistance is the element of #$ElectricalResistance that represents a very high level of electrical resistance.  An object having #$InsulatorResistance conducts no electricity at all.  See also #$resistanceOfObject.")

;;; #$InsuranceProvider
(#$isa #$InsuranceProvider #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InsuranceProvider #$ServiceOrganization)
(#$comment #$InsuranceProvider "A collection of organizations; a subset of #$ServiceOrganization.  An element of #$InsuranceProvider is an organization whose #$MainFunction is to provide financial and material protection to its clients in the event of sickness, death, natural disaster, loss, theft, lawsuits, etc.  (Insurers may specialize in one or more of those areas.)  Elements of #$InsuranceProvider may belong to either #$CommercialServiceOrganization or #$NonProfitOrganization (including insurance providers belonging to #$LegalGovernmentOrganization).  Examples include State Farm Insurance Co., Aetna Casualty Co., Lutheran Brotherhood, and all fifty members of U.S. #$StateMedicaidAdministrationOrganizations.")

;;; #$Intangible
(#$isa #$Intangible #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Intangible #$Thing)
(#$comment #$Intangible "The collection of things that are not physical -- are not made of, or encoded in, matter.  Every #$Collection is an #$Intangible (even if its instances are tangible), and so are some #$Individuals.  Caution: do not confuse `tangibility' with `perceivability' -- humans can perceive light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense.  For more on this issue, see the relevant #$cyclistNotes.")

;;; #$IntangibleExistingThing
(#$isa #$IntangibleExistingThing #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$IntangibleExistingThing #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$IntangibleExistingThing #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$IntangibleExistingThing #$PartiallyIntangible)
(#$comment #$IntangibleExistingThing "The set of things which are intangible yet exist in time.  E.g., the code of conduct for a formal dinner party, the standards for acceptance to Caltech as an undergrad, an account at Sears, etc.")

;;; #$IntangibleIndividual
(#$isa #$IntangibleIndividual #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$IntangibleIndividual #$Intangible)
(#$genls #$IntangibleIndividual #$Individual)
(#$comment #$IntangibleIndividual "The collection of intangible 
individuals, a subset of #$Intangible and of #$Individual.  
The elements of #$IntangibleIndividual do not have mass, volume, 
color, etc.  E.g., hours, ideas, algorithms, integers, 
distances, and so on. However, as a subset of #$Individual, 
this collection EXCLUDES sets and collections, which are
elements of #$Intangible but not of #$IntangibleIndividual.")

;;; #$IntangibleObjectPredicate
(#$isa #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$comment #$IntangibleObjectPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$IntangibleObjectPredicate is a predicate used in assertions which describe the properties of intangible objects.  For example, #$knowsAbout, #$titleOfHeadOfGovernment, #$religionOfRule, #$standardUnitMeasuring, #$territoriesControlled.")

;;; #$Integer
(#$isa #$Integer #$Collection)
(#$isa #$Integer #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Integer #$RealNumber)
(#$genls #$Integer #$RationalNumber)
(#$comment #$Integer "The collection of all whole numbers; a subset of #$RationalNumber.  Each element of #$Integer is a whole number, resolvable into units with no fractional remainder.  An integer may be positive (e.g., 42), zero, or negative (e.g., -42).")

;;; #$IntelligentAgent
(#$isa #$IntelligentAgent #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$IntelligentAgent #$Agent)
(#$comment #$IntelligentAgent "The collection of all intelligent agents.  Each element of #$IntelligentAgent is an agent that is capable of having knowledge which it employs in its actions.  An intelligent agent #$knowsAbout certain things, and having #$beliefs (and possibly #$goals) concerning those things may influence its actions.  In addition to persons, Cyc considers certain social beings, such as business and government organizations, and intelligent machines, to be intelligent agents.  See also #$Agent, #$performedBy.")

;;; #$IntendedFunction
(#$isa #$IntendedFunction #$CapacityAttribute)
(#$comment #$IntendedFunction "An element of #$CapacityAttribute.  The attribute #$IntendedFunction characterizes an entity participating in a situation as doing so in its intended function.")

;;; #$IntensionalRepresentationPredicate
(#$isa #$IntensionalRepresentationPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$IntensionalRepresentationPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$IntensionalRepresentationPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$IntensionalRepresentationPredicate is a predicate used to form assertions about the properties of collections.  These predicates implement the intensional structure of the ontology; e.g., #$citizens, #$unitsMeasuringThisQuantity, #$hasDepartmentTypes, #$granuleOfTime, #$objectTypeTransported, #$contraryFeelings.")

;;; #$InterActorSlot
(#$isa #$InterActorSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$InterActorSlot #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$genls #$InterActorSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$InterActorSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$InterActorSlot is a binary predicate used in assertions that state the relationship between two actors in some event, actual or implied.  The event in which the actors participate may or may not be explicitly represented in the KB.  For example, (#$authorOfPublication X Y) implies the existence of a #$Writing event in which X is the author and Y is the book written.  Examples: #$agreeingAgents, #$artisticWorksCreated, #$spouse, #$wornOn.")

;;; #$InterExistingObjectSlot
(#$isa #$InterExistingObjectSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$InterExistingObjectSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$InterExistingObjectSlot #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$comment #$InterExistingObjectSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$InterExistingObjectSlot is a binary predicate used in assertions that relate two elements of #$SomethingExisting (i.e., two objects).  Examples: #$soldAt, #$derivedFrom, #$cohabitants, #$soilComponent, #$containsInformation, #$capitalCity, #$electricallyConnectedTo.")

;;; #$InterPersonalRelationSlot
(#$isa #$InterPersonalRelationSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$InterPersonalRelationSlot #$InterExistingObjectSlot)
(#$comment #$InterPersonalRelationSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$InterPersonalRelationSlot is a binary predicate used to represent relationships between two instances of #$Animal.  Examples: #$mate, #$friends.")

;;; #$InterconvertibleUnitType
(#$isa #$InterconvertibleUnitType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$InterconvertibleUnitType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$InterconvertibleUnitType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$InterconvertibleUnitType is a collections of functions (all belonging to #$UnitOfMeasure) that are used to measure quantities whose units are convertible into one another.  Some collections of interconvertible units include #$UnitOfTime, #$UnitOfDistance, #$UnitOfCPUSpeed.   For example, #$UnitOfTime includes the functions #$HoursDuration and #$SecondsDuration (among others).  Any quantity denoted by applying one of those functions can also be expressed in terms of the other.  For example, (#$HoursDuration 1) equals (#$MinutesDuration 60).  On the other hand, not all the instances of #$UnitOfMeasure constitute types of interconvertible units. #$UnitOfRate is not an element of #$InterconvertibleUnitType; therefore, it does not necessarily follow that quantities denoted by its elements are interconvertible.  For example, #$TimesPerDay and #$MilesPerHour are both elements of #$UnitOfRate; however, quantities denoted using either function are not convertible into one another.")

;;; #$Interior
(#$isa #$Interior #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$Interior #$PieceOfFreeSpace)
(#$comment #$Interior "The collection of spatial regions that are physical areas inside the walls or boundary of some object.  The area need not be completely sealed off.  See also #$Cavity which, unlike #$Interior, can include walls.")

;;; #$InteriorFn
(#$isa #$InteriorFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$InteriorFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$InteriorFn #$Interior)
(#$arg1Isa #$InteriorFn #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$InteriorFn "The function (InteriorFn OBJ), applied to a #$TangibleThing OBJ, means all the interior space within the #$Cavity or cavites (chambers, passages, pockets, bubbles, etc.) that occur inside of OBJ.  The result is an instance of #$Interior.  An #$Interior, unlike a #$Cavity, does not include the walls of the chamber or passage, just the interior space itself without any of the the enclosing walls, panels or membranes.")

;;; #$InteriorRegionFn
(#$isa #$InteriorRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$InteriorRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$InteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$InteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$InteriorRegionFn "The function (InteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of the core or inner parts or sections of REGOROBJ, or the interior main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic inside/outside orientation (unlike, say, a loop of thread), but if REGOROBJ is an enveloping part, surface membrane, ring or layer within or on a larger region or object that has its own inside/outside orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's inside portion with respect to the inside and outside of the larger region or object.")

;;; #$InternalSensoryAttribute
(#$isa #$InternalSensoryAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$InternalSensoryAttribute #$SensoryAttribute)
(#$comment #$InternalSensoryAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$InternalSensoryAttribute is a state of a sentient being in which it experiences within itself some somatic or psycho-somatic feeling, urge, or impulse.  An internal sensory attribute differs from an `external' one in that the sensing agent refers the former to itself and the latter to external objects.  #$InternalSensoryAttribute includes states of feeling hungry, thirsty, tired, or in pain, as well as various bodily urges such as the urge to sneeze, burp, or urinate.  Sensory attributes that may occur with more or less intensity are represented by indicating a #$LevelOfPain, #$LevelOfPhysicalPleasure, #$LevelOfStress, etc.")

;;; #$InternationalOrganization
(#$isa #$InternationalOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InternationalOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$InternationalOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$InternationalOrganization is an organization of international `scope' -- that is, one which has substantial operations, physical facilities, or substantial membership in multiple countries.  International organizations may have individual #$Persons, #$Organizations, or countries as members.  They may be political or commercial in nature.  International organizations with countries as members belong to the subset #$InternationalOrganizationOfCountries.  Examples of #$InternationalOrganization: #$UnitedNationsOrganization, #$OPEC, #$IBMInc.  See also #$internationalOrg-MemberCountry.")

;;; #$InternationalOrganizationOfCountries
(#$isa #$InternationalOrganizationOfCountries #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$InternationalOrganizationOfCountries #$InternationalOrganization)
(#$comment #$InternationalOrganizationOfCountries "A collection of organizations; a subset of #$InternationalOrganization.  An element of #$InternationalOrganizationOfCountries is an organization whose members are countries (as represented by their goverments).  Examples: the United Nations, NATO, SEATO, OAU, the League of Arab States, and OPEC.")

;;; #$IntervalAfterFn
(#$isa #$IntervalAfterFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$IntervalAfterFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$IntervalAfterFn #$TimeInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$IntervalAfterFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$arg2Isa #$IntervalAfterFn #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$IntervalAfterFn "(#$IntervalAfterFn T-OBJ DUR) denotes the #$TimeInterval which immediately follows T-OBJ, lasting for duration DUR.")

;;; #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot
(#$isa #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$QuantitySlot)
(#$genls #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$FunctionalSlot)
(#$comment #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot "A collection of binary predicates (i.e., slots).  Flexibility in the representation of quantities is allowed in assertions made with the binary predicates that are elements of #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot.  Each of these predicates, like those in their superset #$QuantitySlot, is a binary predicate whose second argument must be an element of #$ScalarInterval, i.e., an interval or point representing the value of some measurement.  For example, take the predicate #$heightOfObject, which relates an object to its vertical length.  Although we suppose that in reality there is only a single distance that is the height of some one particular object, our measurement systems are in practice less precise--and typically we need a measurement only within a certain tolerance.  For example, in measuring the #$heightOfObject of a person, usually a measurement to the nearest inch or centimeter will do.  Or we may be even less detailed in our descriptions, perhaps caring only whether someone is more than four feet tall, or `Tall enough to ride' on an amusement park ride.  By allowing an #$IntervalEntry #$Format (qq.v.) in the second argument of the measuring predicate, we are telling Cyc that it's okay to describe the (e.g.) #$heightOfObject in several different ways, with varying levels of precision, SO LONG AS all of the measurements asserted for the same object `overlap'.  For example, it is consistent to say both that Jenny is 4'10'' tall, between four and five feet tall, and that she is `Tall enough to ride' the Dodgems (provided that `Tall enough to ride' is an interval whose minimum is at 4'10'' or lower).  Even though there is only one height of a person in reality, using an #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot allows us to represent that height in many different ways, avoiding contradictions while still checking for consistency.  For example, asserting both that Jeff's #$heightOfObject is 5'9'' and in the range 4.5-5.5 feet tall is an inconsistency.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SCALAR-ATTRIBUTE-ASCRIPTION")

;;; #$IntervalBeforeFn
(#$isa #$IntervalBeforeFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$IntervalBeforeFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$IntervalBeforeFn #$TimeInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$IntervalBeforeFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$arg2Isa #$IntervalBeforeFn #$Time-Quantity)
(#$comment #$IntervalBeforeFn "(#$IntervalBeforeFn ?X ?D) returns the time interval, of duration ?D, immediately preceding ?X.  So the value is a #$TimeInterval, it has #$duration ?D, and  (#$contiguousAfter  ?X  (#$IntervalBeforeFn ?X ?D)).")

;;; #$IntervalEndedByFn
(#$isa #$IntervalEndedByFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$IntervalEndedByFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$IntervalEndedByFn #$TimeInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$IntervalEndedByFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$IntervalEndedByFn "(#$IntervalEndedByFn TEMP-OBJ) denotes the time interval which ends when TEMP-OBJ starts.  The beginning of this interval coincides with the beginning of all time (#$Always-TimeInterval), if it has a beginning.")

;;; #$IntervalEntry
(#$isa #$IntervalEntry #$Format)
(#$comment #$IntervalEntry "Arguments to Cyc predicates may have specified formats that constrain their values.  #$IntervalEntry is the format used to constrain argument positions that must be filled with measurable quantities.  If #$IntervalEntry is the entry format of some Nth argument to a predicate PRED, then all assertions with PRED that contain the same particular values in their other arguments must have, in the Nth (i.e., #$IntervalEntry) argument, quantitative values that `overlap'.  (See #$ScalarInterval.)  #$IntervalEntry is provided because, for functional arguments like the second argument to #$volumeOfObject, we know that a single `real' value does exist, though we may have various ways of concluding limits on that value in the form of intervals.  As long as all the intervals overlap, those assertions are not contradictory.  For more explanation, see #$Format and the related predicates #$arg1Format, #$arg2Format, etc.")

;;; #$IntervalMaxFn
(#$isa #$IntervalMaxFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$IntervalMaxFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$IntervalMaxFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$IntervalMaxFn "(#$IntervalMaxFn SCALAR) returns an interval of the same type as SCALAR whose maximum value is the maximum value of SCALAR and whose minimum value is #$MinusInfinity.  For example, (#$IntervalMaxFn (#$Mile 3)) is the same as `the interval from negative infinity miles to three miles'. [Technical Note: if that expression were to denote a strictly absolute, as opposed to a relative-or-absolute, distance, then it would mean `the interval from 0 miles to 3 miles'.]   (#$IntervalMaxFn (#$Unity 1)) is the same as `the interval from negative infinity to 1', in other words, `no greater than one'.")

;;; #$IntervalMinFn
(#$isa #$IntervalMinFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$IntervalMinFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$IntervalMinFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$IntervalMinFn "(#$IntervalMinFn SCALAR) returns an interval of the same type as SCALAR whose minimum value is the minimum value of SCALAR and whose maximum value is #$PlusInfinity.  For example, (#$IntervalMinFn (#$Mile 3)) is the same as `the interval from three miles to an infinite number of miles', in other words, `at least three miles'.")

;;; #$IntervalOnNumberLine
(#$isa #$IntervalOnNumberLine #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$isa #$IntervalOnNumberLine #$Collection)
(#$genls #$IntervalOnNumberLine #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$IntervalOnNumberLine "A collection of measurable intervals; a subset of #$ScalarInterval.  Each element of #$IntervalOnNumberLine is an interval on the real number line; for example, the interval described by `numbers greater than zero and less than or equal to 10'.  A common special case of such intervals is that of a single point on that line, viz., a number such as five or 125.  Note that such an interval need not be contiguous; e.g., `even numbers between Pi and the square root of 1000' describes a legitimate element of #$IntervalOnNumberLine.  The collection #$RealNumber is a subset of #$IntervalOnNumberLine.  The elements of #$IntervalOnNumberLine are measured by elements of #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure, e.g., units or percentages.  See also #$Unity, #$Percent, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$IntervalStartedByFn
(#$isa #$IntervalStartedByFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$IntervalStartedByFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$IntervalStartedByFn #$TimeInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$IntervalStartedByFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$IntervalStartedByFn "(#$IntervalStartedByFn TEMP-OBJ) denotes the time interval which begins when TEMP-OBJ ends.  The end of this interval coincides with the end of all time (#$Always-TimeInterval), if time has an end.")

;;; #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject
(#$isa #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject #$VectorInterval)
(#$comment #$IntrinsicAxisOfObject "The collection of all intrinsic axes of objects, being the conventional or obvious axes depending on shape, movement or function of the object.  For example, for a chest-of-drawers, the intrinsic axes are top-to-bottom, side-to-side, and front-to-back.  See also #$AxisFn.  Each intrinsic axis is a direction relative to the object's orientation.")

;;; #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent
(#$isa #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent #$Event)
(#$comment #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent "The collection of #$Events which are characterized primarily by a change in some intrinsic property of one main entity involved in the event (i.e., one of the #$actors).  Such intrinsic changes may include changes of a thing's color, temperature, device state, size, and so on.  Events where the main change is extrinsic (such as a change in location or ownership) are not #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvents.  In events which have more than one actor, the event may be an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent for one actor but not for another.  For example, in a #$FasteningSafetyBelt event, the #$SafetySeatBelt (the device used) goes from unconnected to connected (to itself), which is an intrinsic change; however, the agent who does the fastening (i.e., who is #$HandlingADevice) does not change intrinsically, but only in its configuration to the belt, an external object.  Another example: in a #$HairCuttingEvent, the hair that is barbered undergoes an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent due to its role in that kind of event, but the barber undergoes no intrinsic change due to the hair cutting.

Note: Some events, such as an ice cube melting into a small puddle of water, could be represented in Cyc either as an #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent or as a #$TransformationEvent but not (within a single micro-theory) as both; see the comments on those constants.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent #$SENSUS-Information1997 "CHANGE-STATE")

;;; #$InverseOfIntervalFn
(#$isa #$InverseOfIntervalFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$InverseOfIntervalFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$InverseOfIntervalFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$InverseOfIntervalFn "#$InverseOfIntervalFn is the unary mathematical function that returns the inverse of the number taken as its argument.  For example, (#$InverseOfIntervalFn 7) returns 1/7.")

;;; #$Invertebrate
(#$isa #$Invertebrate #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$genls #$Invertebrate #$Animal)
(#$genls #$Invertebrate #$NonPersonAnimal)
(#$comment #$Invertebrate "A collection of animals; every element of #$Invertebrate is an animal that has no backbone.  #$Invertebrate includes insects, molluscs, sea squirts, worms (in a large variety of worm phyla), and many others. 

Note: Although #$Invertebrate is a scientific category, it is not a standard taxon in the biological taxonomy, hence it is not an instance of #$BiologicalTaxon.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Invertebrate #$SENSUS-Information1997 "INVERTEBRATE")

;;; #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement
(#$isa #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary)
(#$genls #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$comment #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement "The collection of involuntary bodily movements, those movements in which an #$Animal's body does the action automatically -- the agent's consent doesn't enter into it.  Subsets of #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement include #$Heartbeating, #$Sneezing, #$Snoring, etc.")

;;; #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$isa #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of #$BinaryPredicate whose elements represent antireflexive relations.  A predicate F is an element of #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, for every X in the domain of F, (#$not (F X X)).  Examples: #$spouse, #$causes, #$northOf, #$temporallyDisjoint. 
Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of #$IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also #$NoteOnArgumentTypingAndPropertiesOfRelations.")

;;; #$IsaVsMainConstituentVsConstituents
(#$isa #$IsaVsMainConstituentVsConstituents #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$IsaVsMainConstituentVsConstituents "When to use #$isa, #$mainConstituent, or #$constituents.  We develop the following example as a basis for explaining the differences.  

Consider X, where (#$isa X #$Water). If we add some other substance(s) to X, to the point where the mixture acquires some salient characteristic(s) different from #$Water while retaining all the main properties, then we should assert (#$mainConstituent X W), where W is the original water -- i.e., (#$isa W #$Water) -- and X is the whole new mixture of W with some other stuff(s).  Suppose we add enough enough other stuff that the physical properties of the mixture become significantly different from those of water; then we should assert only (#$constituents X W).  

#$isa - Use #$isa if X would commonly be referred to as `water', including cases in which a small number of minor characteristics are different due to some admixture.   

Examples (arguably, 3 and 4 are borderline cases): 

1. An instance of (#$PureFn #$Water) #$isa #$Water.  
2. An instance of #$Water-Ingestible #$isa #$Water (but may have trace constituents).
3. An instance of #$PoolWater #$isa #$Water (but has some #$Chlorine as a salient #$constituents). 
4. An instance of #$SeaWater #$isa #$Water (but has some #$Salt-NaCl as a salient #$constituents).  


#$mainConstituent - Use #$mainConstituent when X contains other substances besides water, would NOT commonly referred to as `water', and yet has MOST of the material properties of water.  As a rule, most of the properties of the #$mainConstituent transfer to the substance it's a part of.  Often such substances have at least one important and/or perceptible characteristic (due to admixture) that is quite different from the properties of water.  

Examples: 

1. An instance of #$Lemonade is NOT called `water' but has water as a #$mainConstituent.  It tastes quite different from water.  It has nutritional (caloric) value.  It is a human-made beverage.  
2. An instance of #$Coffee-Beverage is NOT called `water' but has water as a #$mainConstituent.  It tastes quite different from water.  It contains caffeine.  Also, a specific inference about coffee's (lack of) transparency should override the transparency which would otherwise be inferred from the material properties of its #$mainConstituent.  
3. Aqueous hydrochloric acid has many of the properties of its main constituent, water -- for example, transparency, viscosity, density, freezing point, etc.  But it also has the very important difference that it is highly acidic, caustic, etc. -- and attributing to it water's potability would be disastrous.

#$constituents - Use #$constituents when X is NOT commonly referred to as `water' and has FEW properties of water, even though X contains water.  

Examples:

1. An instance of (#$SolidFn #$Gelatin) is NOT called `water', and though it has water among its #$constituents, gelatin has very few of the properties of water. 
2. An instance of #$Concrete is NOT called `water'; though it has water among its #$constituents, it has none of the salient characteristics of water.
3. An instance  of #$Mud is NOT called `water' and has few characteristics of water, though water is among its #$constituents.  Its #$mainConstituent is some portion of #$Soil.")

;;; #$Island
(#$isa #$Island #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Island #$LandBody)
(#$genls #$Island #$IslandsAndIslandGroup)
(#$comment #$Island "The collection of all islands, each being a #$LandBody (smaller than a #$Continent) surrounded by water.")

;;; #$IslandArea
(#$isa #$IslandArea #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$IslandArea #$IslandsAndIslandGroup)

;;; #$IslandsAndIslandGroup
(#$isa #$IslandsAndIslandGroup #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$IslandsAndIslandGroup #$LandTopographicalFeature)
(#$comment #$IslandsAndIslandGroup "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of #$IslandsAndIslandGroup is either an island or a group of islands (see #$Archipelago).  Elements of #$IslandsAndIslandGroup include groups of scattered islands which do not form a natural geographical area; the chief reasons for representing such groups is that they are geopolitical areas and/or were historically significant.  Examples: #$FrenchPolynesia, #$Cyclades, #$OuterHebrides-Archipelago, #$Grenadines-Islands.")

;;; #$ItineraryDocument
(#$isa #$ItineraryDocument #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ItineraryDocument #$TextualMaterial)
(#$comment #$ItineraryDocument "The collection of documents that contain information about the time/location of each leg of a trip, accomodations, etc.")

;;; #$January
(#$isa #$January #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$January #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$Jealousy
(#$isa #$Jealousy #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Jealousy #$Resentment)
(#$comment #$Jealousy "Intolerance of rivalry; feeling of suspicion and resentment of one's rivals.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.
Note: #$Envy is related to covetousness, wanting (perhaps in the future) what someone else has; #$Jealousy is related to possessiveness, wanting to keep what is (or was or could have been) already yours.")

;;; #$JobAttribute
(#$isa #$JobAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$JobAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$JobAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$JobAttribute describes a general property of a job or type of job.  Examples of #$JobAttribute include #$BlueCollar, #$WhiteCollar, and #$FlexibleWorkingHours.")

;;; #$JobCapacity
(#$isa #$JobCapacity #$CapacityAttribute)
(#$comment #$JobCapacity "the attribute of performing something as a job")

;;; #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart
(#$isa #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart #$Configuration)
(#$genls #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart "The collection of all joints of #$Animals.  A joint is the juncture between the ends or edges of abutting bones of the animal's skeleton.  Joints are of several types mechanically (e.g., ball-and-socket).  Many major joints function as hinges, in which the ends of the abutting bones are joined with ligaments and cushioned by cartilege.")

;;; #$JointTypeBetweenFn
(#$isa #$JointTypeBetweenFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$JointTypeBetweenFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$JointTypeBetweenFn #$Configuration)
(#$arg1Isa #$JointTypeBetweenFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$arg1Genl #$JointTypeBetweenFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$arg2Isa #$JointTypeBetweenFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$arg2Genl #$JointTypeBetweenFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$JointTypeBetweenFn "(#$JointTypeBetweenFn OBJ-TYPE1 OBJ-TYPE2) denotes the class of #$Connections found between objects of type OBJ-TYPE1 and OBJ-TYPE2.  For example, (#$JointTypeBetweenFn #$TelephoneBody #$TelephoneReceiver) is the class of #$Connections between telephone handsets and bodies of telephones.  (#$JointTypeBetweenFn #$Humerus #$Radius-Bone) would be the class of elbows, but we chose to reify that class (#$ElbowJoint).  #$JointTypeBetweenFn is most useful when one needs to refer to a type of connection without creating it and naming it specifically.")

;;; #$July
(#$isa #$July #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$July #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$JunctionOfPaths
(#$isa #$JunctionOfPaths #$SituationType)
(#$genls #$JunctionOfPaths #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$genls #$JunctionOfPaths #$StaticSituation)
(#$genls #$JunctionOfPaths 
  (#$GroupFn #$SpatialThing))
(#$comment #$JunctionOfPaths "The collection of junctions of paths, each being an arrangement of two or more links of #$Path-Generics such that the parts are in a particular spatial relation to each other (they are all locally connected to each other and join at the place of the #$JunctionOfPaths).  It includes the case of two or more paths that 'cross' at a junction, but not the case in which the end of one path simply joins the end of another path.  For junctions in #$PathSystems, see #$junctionInSystem.")

;;; #$JunctionOfPipes
(#$isa #$JunctionOfPipes #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$JunctionOfPipes #$JunctionOfPaths)
(#$comment #$JunctionOfPipes "The collection of all junctions of pipes or tubes.  Each junction permits flow between any two #$Pipe-GenericConduits joined at that junction.  At any #$JunctionOfPipes, three or more #$Pipe-GenericConduit segments must be joined, although some joined pipes may loop back to the same junction.")

;;; #$June
(#$isa #$June #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$June #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$JuvenileAnimal
(#$isa #$JuvenileAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$JuvenileAnimal #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment)
(#$genls #$JuvenileAnimal #$PortableObject)
(#$genls #$JuvenileAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$JuvenileAnimal "An element of #$LifeStageType.  #$JuvenileAnimal is the collection of all animals that are not fully grown nor fully mature.")

;;; #$JuvenileFn
(#$isa #$JuvenileFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$JuvenileFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$JuvenileFn #$JuvenileAnimal)
(#$arg1Isa #$JuvenileFn #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$arg1Genl #$JuvenileFn #$Animal)
(#$comment #$JuvenileFn "#$JuvenileFn is a Cyc function, and in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$JuvenileFn ORGCLASSTYPE) represents that subset of #$JuvenileAnimal whose elements are the juveniles of the group of animals denoted by ORGCLASSTYPE.  E.g., (#$JuvenileFn #$Deer) denotes the collection of all fawns.  Certain kinds of organisms have no juveniles (e.g., the members of #$Amoeba).")

;;; #$Killing-Biological
(#$isa #$Killing-Biological #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Killing-Biological #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Killing-Biological #$DestructionEvent)
(#$genls #$Killing-Biological #$AnimalActivity)
(#$comment #$Killing-Biological "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, one living organism ends the life of another, either intentionally or unintentionally.")

;;; #$Kilogram
(#$isa #$Kilogram #$UnitOfMass)
(#$isa #$Kilogram #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Kilogram #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Kilogram #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Kilogram #$Mass)
(#$resultIsa #$Kilogram #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Kilogram #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Kilogram "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of mass in the Metric system (and in Cyc).  See also #$MKSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Kilometer
(#$isa #$Kilometer #$UnitOfDistance)
(#$isa #$Kilometer #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$isa #$Kilometer #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$Kilometer #$Distance)
(#$resultIsa #$Kilometer #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Kilometer #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Kilometer "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the 1000-meter unit used within the Metric system to measure distance.  Modern countries using the metric system measure their roads - and their road races - in kilometers. See also #$MKSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$KilometersPerHour
(#$isa #$KilometersPerHour #$UnitOfSpeed)
(#$isa #$KilometersPerHour #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$KilometersPerHour #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$KilometersPerHour #$Speed)
(#$resultIsa #$KilometersPerHour #$VectorInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$KilometersPerHour #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$KilometersPerHour "(#$KilometersPerHour NUMBER) returns a dimensionless rate or speed of NUMBER kilometers per hour.")

;;; #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice
(#$isa #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice #$PoweredDevice)
(#$comment #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice "A collection of devices; a subset of #$PoweredDevice.  An instance of #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice does not have an `on-board' energy source incorporated into it, at least not one supplying the bulk of the power requirements of the device.  Instead, its operating power is supplied by the kinetic energy from something else in motion -- such as animal muscle power (including human labor), wind energy, or hydraulic power.  Examples include elements of the collections #$Hammer and #$Piano-Acoustic. (Contrast with #$SelfPoweredDevice --- e.g., an electric organ is a #$SelfPoweredDevice, not a #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice.)")

;;; #$KnowledgeBase
(#$isa #$KnowledgeBase #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$KnowledgeBase #$Database-AbstractContent)
(#$genls #$KnowledgeBase #$ConventionalClassificationSystem)
(#$comment #$KnowledgeBase "A collection of intangible individuals;
a subset of #$Database-AbstractContent. Each element
of #$KnowledgeBase is a database that attempts to
represent the structure of at least part of the world.
Instances include #$Cyc and #$SENSUS-Information1997.")

;;; #$Lake
(#$isa #$Lake #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Lake #$BodyOfWater)
(#$comment #$Lake "A collection of topographical features.  Each instance of #$Lake is a land-locked body of water, typically but not necessarily of freshwater.  Examples: #$LakeMaracaibo, #$LakeWinnipeg, #$LakeTanganyika, #$LochNess-Lake, #$LakeErie, #$LakeTahoe.  Note that inland saltwater lakes, commonly referred to as `seas', belong to the collection #$InlandSea (rather than to #$Lake); e.g., #$CaspianSea, #$BlackSea, #$DeadSea.")

;;; #$LandBody
(#$isa #$LandBody #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LandBody #$TopographicalFeature)
(#$comment #$LandBody "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of #$LandBody is a cohesive chunk of land whose extent is principally defined by one or more bordering bodies of water (liquid or frozen).  Types of #$LandBody include the subsets #$Island and #$Continent.  Examples: #$Australia, #$ContinentOfNorthAmerica, #$Trinidad-Island, #$Crete-Island-Greece.  Areas of land defined by human occupation or political boundaries, e.g.,  #$NorthernCalifornia or #$NorthernIreland, are elements of #$GeographicalRegion, but not of #$LandBody.")

;;; #$LandTopographicalFeature
(#$isa #$LandTopographicalFeature #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LandTopographicalFeature #$EarthStuff)
(#$genls #$LandTopographicalFeature #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$LandTopographicalFeature #$TopographicalFeature)
(#$genls #$LandTopographicalFeature #$OutdoorLocation)
(#$comment #$LandTopographicalFeature "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of #$TopographicalFeature is a region of land distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation.   For example, the #$ArabianPeninsula, #$ZionHill, the #$SanAndreasFault, the #$GreatSmokyMountains.")

;;; #$LandTransportationDevice
(#$isa #$LandTransportationDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LandTransportationDevice #$TransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$LandTransportationDevice "A collection of physical devices. An instance of #$LandTransportationDevice is a device used for transportation on land.  Subsets of #$LandTransportationDevice include the collections #$Automobile, #$Snowmobile, #$TrainCar, #$HorseCarriage, #$BabyCarriage, #$Bicycle, #$SkateBoard, and more.")

;;; #$Language
(#$isa #$Language #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Language #$CommunicationConvention)
(#$genls #$Language 
  (#$MeaningInSystemFn #$SENSUS-Information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT"))
(#$genls #$Language 
  (#$MeaningInSystemFn #$SENSUS-Information1997 "LANGUAGE"))
(#$comment #$Language "The collection of systems which use conventionalized signs or symbols. This includes dead languages, computer languages, unspoken languages, codes - anything which relates symbols to meaning.")

;;; #$LateralRegionFn
(#$isa #$LateralRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$LateralRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$LateralRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$LateralRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$LateralRegionFn "The function (LateralRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of the flanks or side parts or lateral main sections (away from the mid-line) of REGOROBJ, or the lateral main areas of REGOROBJ as opposed to the medial or middle area; the right and left regions then both include parts of the lateral regions.  #$LateralRegionFn applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic right/left orientation (unlike, say, a sphere), but if REGOROBJ is a part within a larger region or object that has its own right/left orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's portions farthest from the mid-line (with respect to left and right) of the larger region or object.")

;;; #$LawEnforcementOfficer
(#$isa #$LawEnforcementOfficer #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$LawEnforcementOfficer #$PublicSectorEmployee)
(#$genls #$LawEnforcementOfficer #$Professional)
(#$comment #$LawEnforcementOfficer "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$LawEnforcementOfficer is a person whose job is to prevent, detect, stop, and/or punish people committing illegal activities.  The collection #$LawEnforcementOfficer includes local, state, and special police (e.g., transit police), and federal agents (e.g., border patrol, national security agents).  An instance of #$LawEnforcementOfficer typically also belongs to one of the following collections: #$StateEmployee, #$LocalGovernmentEmployee, or #$NationalGovernmentEmployee (see #$PublicSectorEmployee).")

;;; #$LawEnforcementOrganization
(#$isa #$LawEnforcementOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LawEnforcementOrganization #$LegalGovernmentOrganization)
(#$comment #$LawEnforcementOrganization "The collection of all law enforcement organizations.  An element of #$LawEnforcementOrganization is any organization which is legally empowered to enforce laws.  This collection includes police forces, national bureaux of investigation, some forest services, park police, hunting and game commission officers, #$BorderPoliceOrganizations, governmental executive protection services, military police, etc.")

;;; #$Layer
(#$isa #$Layer #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Layer #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$comment #$Layer "The collection of all layers of things, each layer being a #$SheetOfSomeStuff that is #$sheetSurfaceConnected, or situated adjacent, surface-to-surface, to at least one surface or layer or region on one side, and possibly to other layers or surfaces on both sides.  A layer may be part of a larger object, or it may be an independent whole object such as a hide confined in a stack of hides.  A #$Layer is not a #$FreeSheet.  See the #$OneSidedVsTwoSidedObjectNote.")

;;; #$Layered
(#$isa #$Layered #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$Layered "The physical structural attribute of being layered, laminate, or made of #$Layers, like stratified rock or an onion.  An object that is #$Layered has two or more parts that are each #$Layers.")

;;; #$Leader
(#$isa #$Leader #$PositionType)
(#$genls #$Leader #$Person)
(#$genls #$Leader #$IntelligentAgent)
(#$comment #$Leader "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$Leader is a person who heads an instance of #$Organization.  Typically, a leader of an organization makes major decisions on behalf of the whole organization, has the authority to direct the organization's personnel to carry out those decisions, and is empowered to engage or negotiate with external agents to achieve the organization's goals.  This collection includes leaders of #$subOrganizations, such as department heads within larger organizations.  Also, a single person may be a leader in more than one organization.  In addition, see #$hasLeaders, #$Manager, and #$seniorExecutives.")

;;; #$LeapYear
(#$isa #$LeapYear #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$LeapYear #$CalendarYear)
(#$comment #$LeapYear "The collection of #$CalendarYears which are leap years; i.e., calendar years in which February has 29 days")

;;; #$Learning
(#$isa #$Learning #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Learning #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Learning #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$Learning #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$comment #$Learning "The collection of all events, brief or extended, in which an agent is consciously acquiring information or know-how.")

;;; #$Leather
(#$isa #$Leather #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$Leather #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$Leather #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Leather #$FreeSheet)
(#$genls #$Leather #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$comment #$Leather "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Leather is a piece of tanned animal hide.  Pieces of #$Leather are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of shoes, gloves, upholstery, satchels and purses, saddles, etc.")

;;; #$LeftObject
(#$isa #$LeftObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LeftObject #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$LeftObject "The collection of objects that are meant for, or are found on and distinctively structured for, the left side of some larger entity or ensemble of parts.  Examples include left hands, left shoes, left automobile turning signals.")

;;; #$LeftRegionFn
(#$isa #$LeftRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$LeftRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$LeftRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$LeftRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$LeftRegionFn "The function (LeftRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the left half or flank or left main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic left/right orientation, or is part of a larger region or object that has a left/right orientation.")

;;; #$Leg
(#$isa #$Leg #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Leg #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Leg "The collection of all #$Animal appendages used for locomotion overland, supporting the animal and moving it along by walking, running, etc.  Thus wings, fins, etc., are not #$Legs.  The #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart is considered part of the #$Leg")

;;; #$LegalAgent
(#$isa #$LegalAgent #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LegalAgent #$SocialBeing)
(#$comment #$LegalAgent "The collection of all legal agents; a subset of #$Agent.  A legal agent is one that has some legal status in a particular legal system.  At the very least, such an agent is recognized by some legal authority as having some kinds of rights and/or responsibilities as an agent (e.g., #$citizens of Germany), or as being subject to certain restrictions and penalties (e.g., a company that has been blacklisted by Iraq).  Thus, instances of #$LegalAgent include agents that may have property rights, may be taxed, may have a government identification number, may be sued, may have an address, etc. 
Note: membership in this collection is very much dependent upon context.  In some societies, only adult males and various kinds of state-run organizations would be included in #$LegalAgents.")

;;; #$LegalAgreement
(#$isa #$LegalAgreement #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LegalAgreement #$Agreement)
(#$comment #$LegalAgreement "A collection of microtheories; a subset of #$Agreement.  Each element of #$LegalAgreement is an agreement which has a legal status, i.e., is recognized as a valid agreement by a government.  #$LegalAgreement includes the elements in its subsets #$SalesContract, #$PublicHealthRegulations, #$AssumableLoan, #$Patent, #$InsurancePlan, #$Visa-Permit, and the different kinds of #$License -- among many others.")

;;; #$LegalCode
(#$isa #$LegalCode #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$LegalCode #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$LegalCode #$GovernmentCOC)
(#$comment #$LegalCode "A collection of microtheories.  Each element of #$LegalCode is a microtheory for collecting all the instances of #$Law which hold in a given #$GeopoliticalEntity.  For example, #$LegalCode-ModernUnitedStates.")

;;; #$LegalCorporation
(#$isa #$LegalCorporation #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LegalCorporation #$Organization)
(#$genls #$LegalCorporation #$LegalAgent)
(#$comment #$LegalCorporation "A collection of businesses.  An element of #$LegalCorporation is a private, legal, corporate entity with the legal rights to own property, manage itself, and sue or be sued.  It is established by a charter or registration granted by a government.  A corporation's owners have #$Stock in it and normally elect its #$BoardOfDirectors, but are usually not active in its operation nor liable for its debts, crimes, or torts.")

;;; #$LegalGovernmentOrganization
(#$isa #$LegalGovernmentOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LegalGovernmentOrganization #$LegalAgent)
(#$genls #$LegalGovernmentOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$LegalGovernmentOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization is an organization which is a part of, and funded by, the government of a geopolitical entity.  Examples include the #$InternalRevenueService, #$UnitedStatesNavy, and #$CityCouncilOfAustin (TX).  Some elements of #$LegalGovernmentOrganizations have legal standing in courts.")

;;; #$LegalHoliday
(#$isa #$LegalHoliday #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$LegalHoliday #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$LegalHoliday #$Holiday)
(#$comment #$LegalHoliday "The subset of #$Holidays which are typically declared to be #$Holidays by the governments of western countries, and which are therefore days on which most people governed by that government do not work and on which students do not attend classes.  Such #$Holidays may coincide with #$ReligiousHolidays, especially where there is a government-sanctioned religion.")

;;; #$LegalProfessional
(#$isa #$LegalProfessional #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$LegalProfessional #$Professional)
(#$comment #$LegalProfessional "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$LegalProfessional is a person working in the field of law. This collection includes lawyers, judges, paralegals, and law clerks.")

;;; #$LevelOfAConstruction
(#$isa #$LevelOfAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LevelOfAConstruction #$SpaceInAHOC)
(#$comment #$LevelOfAConstruction "The levels, also called floors or storeys, of a #$ConstructionArtifact.  Levels are regions in space; they are not two-dimensional planes.")

;;; #$LevelOfDiscomfort
(#$isa #$LevelOfDiscomfort #$SensoryReactionType)
(#$genls #$LevelOfDiscomfort #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$LevelOfDiscomfort #$InternalSensoryAttribute)
(#$comment #$LevelOfDiscomfort "An #$AttributeType whose elements represent the various levels of discomfort that may be felt by a perceptual agent.  Typically, the agent must be a living entity.  Typically, the sensation is an internal feeling, and is more of a long-lasting dull ache than a sharp pain (see: #$LevelOfPain).")

;;; #$LevelOfExhaustion
(#$isa #$LevelOfExhaustion #$PhysicalUrgeType)
(#$genls #$LevelOfExhaustion #$InternalSensoryAttribute)
(#$genls #$LevelOfExhaustion #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$LevelOfExhaustion "An #$AttributeType whose elements represent the qualitative degrees of exhaustion that an animal may feel.
Note that this predicate is NOT properly used for any other purpose (e.g., to describe metal fatigue, or the depletion of natural resources, or the gradual inhibition that a single cell devlops to repeated stimuli, etc., even though in English the words `exhaustion' and `fatigue' have those meanings.)  This is a good example of how Cyc's internal representation must, and does, disambiguate different concepts even though they might be metaphors for each other, and even though those distinct meanings might be mixed together at a word level in a natural language like English.")

;;; #$LevelOfHunger
(#$isa #$LevelOfHunger #$PhysicalUrgeType)
(#$genls #$LevelOfHunger #$InternalSensoryAttribute)
(#$genls #$LevelOfHunger #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$LevelOfHunger #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$LevelOfHunger "A collection of #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttributes that express how hungry an #$Animal is (e.g., #$Hungry, #$NotHungry, #$Starving).  These #$LevelOfHunger attributes are the first argument to the predicate #$hungerLevelOf (q.v.).")

;;; #$LevelOfPain
(#$isa #$LevelOfPain #$SensoryReactionType)
(#$genls #$LevelOfPain #$LevelOfDiscomfort)
(#$comment #$LevelOfPain "An #$AttributeType whose elements represent the qualitative levels of pain that may be felt by a perceptual agent.  Although the agent is often a living entity, this is not required.  The source of the pain could be either external or internal; in either case, the subjective feeling is generally `sharper' and hopefully shorter-lived than just `a feeling of discomfort' (see: #$LevelOfDiscomfort.)")

;;; #$LevelOfRelaxationFeeling
(#$isa #$LevelOfRelaxationFeeling #$SensoryReactionType)
(#$genls #$LevelOfRelaxationFeeling #$InternalSensoryAttribute)
(#$comment #$LevelOfRelaxationFeeling "An #$AttributeType whose elements represent the qualitative levels of comfort/relaxation/ease that an animal may have.  This feeling is generally internal, and relatively long-lasting (compared with, e.g., the duration of a painful twinge.)  Any positive degree of this #$LevelOfRelaxationFeeling is incompatible with a high level of #$MuscleTenseness, a high #$LevelOfPain, or a high #$LevelOfDiscomfort.")

;;; #$LexicalItem
(#$isa #$LexicalItem #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$LexicalItem #$LinguisticObject)
(#$comment #$LexicalItem "The collection of items which form the lexicon of a language. These include both free morphemes, like 'dog', and bound morphemes, like affixes.")

;;; #$LexicalWord
(#$isa #$LexicalWord #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$LexicalWord #$LexicalItem)
(#$genls #$LexicalWord #$LinguisticObject)
(#$comment #$LexicalWord "The collection of all words. A lexical word is a free morpheme; it need not be bound to another lexical item.  Note that inflectional forms of a word, if there are such, do not constitute distinct words.  Examples of #$LexicalWord: #$Aluminum-TheWord, #$Confetti-TheWord, #$To-TheWord, #$Confetti-TheWord, #$Hang-Glide-MWW.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$LexicalWord #$SENSUS-Information1997 "WORD")

;;; #$LifeThreateningCondition
(#$isa #$LifeThreateningCondition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$LifeThreateningCondition #$PhysiologicalCondition)
(#$comment #$LifeThreateningCondition "A collection of ailments which are distinguished by the shared characteristic that if left untreated, those ailments may cause an organism to die (but will not certainly do so).  Cases of #$Poisoning and of #$Pneumonia are often instances of #$LifeThreateningCondition.  Cf. #$TerminalPhysiologicalCondition.  ")

;;; #$LightIntensity
(#$isa #$LightIntensity #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$LightIntensity #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$LightIntensity #$SensoryAttribute)
(#$genls #$LightIntensity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$LightIntensity "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$ScalarInterval.  Each element of #$LightIntensity is a characterization of how brightly illuminated a location is.  (At the low extreme is total darkness.)  The light intensity of a location is indicated with the predicate #$illuminationLevel.")

;;; #$LightingDevice
(#$isa #$LightingDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LightingDevice #$PoweredDevice)
(#$genls #$LightingDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$LightingDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$LightingDevice has the #$primaryFunction of providing light.  The light provided may be provided in different ways and for different specialized purposes.  For example, it may be for general illumination of a fixed area (as by instances of #$Candle, #$Lantern, #$ElectricLamp, and #$Streetlight); or it may be for specially directed illumination (as by instances of #$AutomotiveLight and #$Flashlight); or it may be for use in a signal or sign (as by instances of #$TrafficLight and #$IndicatorLight); or it may be for some other special purposes (as by instances of StrobeLight).")

;;; #$LightningEvent
(#$isa #$LightningEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$LightningEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$LightningEvent #$ImmediateWeatherProcess)
(#$comment #$LightningEvent "The collection of lightning flashes, events in which the atmosphere discharges electricity.")

;;; #$Line
(#$isa #$Line #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Line #$GeometricThing)
(#$comment #$Line "A collection of geometical things.  Each instance of #$Line is a one-dimensional path through two- or three-dimensional space, whether curved or straight.  Formally, this is a 1-manifold.")

;;; #$LinguisticObject
(#$isa #$LinguisticObject #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$LinguisticObject 
  (#$MeaningInSystemFn #$SENSUS-Information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT"))
(#$genls #$LinguisticObject #$MentalObject)
(#$genls #$LinguisticObject #$AbstractInformation)
(#$comment #$LinguisticObject "The collection of intangible objects which are parts of language systems.  Subsets of #$LinguisticObject include #$LinguisticObject, #$Title, #$WordSense, #$SententialConstituent, #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject, #$LinguisticAttribute, etc.)")

;;; #$LinguisticObjectType
(#$isa #$LinguisticObjectType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$LinguisticObjectType #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$LinguisticObjectType "#$LinguisticObjectType is the collection of things which are subsets of #$LinguisticObject.")

;;; #$LinkFn
(#$isa #$LinkFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$LinkFn #$SetOrCollection)
(#$arg1Isa #$LinkFn #$Thing)
(#$comment #$LinkFn "For each #$PathSystem SYS, (#$LinkFn SYS) denotes the set of all links in SYS (see #$PathSystem).  Note that the function #$LinkFn and the predicate #$linkInSystem are interdefinable.  We normally use #$LinkFn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can also replace each (#$linkInSystem X SYS) by (#$elementOf X (#$LinkFn SYS)).")

;;; #$LiquidAsset
(#$isa #$LiquidAsset #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LiquidAsset #$SomethingExisting)
(#$comment #$LiquidAsset "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$LiquidAsset is either an instance of #$Currency or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing againstit.  Examples: stocks, bonds, money market accounts.")

;;; #$LiquidFn
(#$isa #$LiquidFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$LiquidFn #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$resultGenl #$LiquidFn #$LiquidTangibleThing)
(#$arg1Isa #$LiquidFn #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$comment #$LiquidFn "A #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  #$LiquidFn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType).  (#$LiquidFn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in the #$LiquidStateOfMatter.  E.g., the mud in my driveway belongs to the collection (#$LiquidFn #$EarthStuff).")

;;; #$LiquidStateOfMatter
(#$isa #$LiquidStateOfMatter #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous)
(#$comment #$LiquidStateOfMatter "A basic physical state of matter.  Liquid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by special qualities of flow, such as being #$Pourable and conforming to the bottom of whatever container they occupy.  Examples of things that typically have this attribute are: a `piece' of the Pacific Ocean in the tropics; a lump of mercury at room temperature; the blood in the circulatory system of a living mammal; and some molten silver about to be poured into a teapot mold.")

;;; #$LiquidTangibleThing
(#$isa #$LiquidTangibleThing #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$genls #$LiquidTangibleThing #$FluidTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$LiquidTangibleThing "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of #$LiquidTangibleThing is a tangible thing which is in a #$LiquidStateOfMatter; i.e., its shape would conform to the bottom of a vessel containing it.  Cf. #$FluidTangibleThing and #$GaseousTangibleThing.")

;;; #$List-Sequence
(#$isa #$List-Sequence #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$List-Sequence #$Tuple)
(#$comment #$List-Sequence "The collection of all lists or finite sequences of items, as an abstract notion.  A #$List-Sequence is a special kind of #$Tuple that is a finite structure with a first and last member-position, and for each member-postion but the last, there is a succesor member-position.   A #$List-Sequence, like other #$Tuples, allows repetition of its members -- the same item can appear at multiple member-positions in the list.  A list can be viewed formally as a function from a finite index set of counting numbers, beginning with one or zero, into the domain of #$Things or perhaps some more restrictive domain.  Unlike #$Series, #$List-Sequence is purely abstract and the only implied relation between an item and its successor is the successor relation of the list itself.  #$List-Sequence is, technically, more specific than #$Tuple only in that the index set must be the counting numbers in their usual order rather than some other index set.")

;;; #$ListTheFormat
(#$isa #$ListTheFormat #$Format)
(#$comment #$ListTheFormat "A Format or datatype.  Multiple copies of entries, & any number of entries, are OK; and order matters; i.e., if you change the order of two different elements of a list, the resultant list is not equal to the original one")

;;; #$ListWithoutRepetition
(#$isa #$ListWithoutRepetition #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$ListWithoutRepetition #$TotallyOrderedSet)
(#$genls #$ListWithoutRepetition #$List-Sequence)
(#$comment #$ListWithoutRepetition "The collection of all those #$List-Sequences, for each of which, no element appears more than once in the list.  (In general a #$List-Sequence and #$Series may have repeated elements.)  See also #$SeriesWithoutRepetition.")

;;; #$ListeningDeliberately
(#$isa #$ListeningDeliberately #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$ListeningDeliberately #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ListeningDeliberately #$Hearing)
(#$genls #$ListeningDeliberately #$AccessingAnIBT)
(#$comment #$ListeningDeliberately "The collection of events in which an #$Agent deliberately facilitates and does #$Hearing.")

;;; #$Liter
(#$isa #$Liter #$UnitOfVolume)
(#$isa #$Liter #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Liter #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Liter #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Liter #$Volume)
(#$resultIsa #$Liter #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Liter #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Liter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the standard unit of capacity in the Metric system (and also in Cyc). See also #$UnitOfVolume, #$MKSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Liver
(#$isa #$Liver #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$Liver #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Liver #$Organ)
(#$comment #$Liver "The collection of all living #$Animal livers.  Each instance of #$Liver is a large compound #$InternalOrgan.  A #$Liver breaks down dead #$RedBloodCells, removes certain poisons and waste material from the blood stream, creates glycogen from sugars and proteins, stores glycogen, removes certain chemicals from the blood, secretes bile (#$BileTheSecretion) which is used for digestion,and regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, #$Proteins, #$Vitamins, #$Minerals, and fats.")

;;; #$LivingLanguage
(#$isa #$LivingLanguage #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$LivingLanguage #$NaturalLanguage)
(#$comment #$LivingLanguage "#$LivingLanguage, a subset of #$NaturalLanguage, is the collection of all natural languages which have some native speaker(s).")

;;; #$LocalCustomerContactPoint
(#$isa #$LocalCustomerContactPoint #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LocalCustomerContactPoint #$SingleSiteOrganization)
(#$genls #$LocalCustomerContactPoint #$LocalOrganization)
(#$comment #$LocalCustomerContactPoint "A collection of organizations.  Each element of #$LocalCustomerContactPoint is a single-site organization serving customers in a local area, working from a particular store, office, or other physical quarters where customers (or their agents) go in person to speak with company representatives about the services or products offered.  Elements of #$LocalCustomerContactPoint may be either stand-alone organizations or sub-organization of a larger company.  Examples of #$LocalCustomerContactPoint include #$NewYorkHospital, #$Threadgills restaurant, the Bank of America office on Jollyville Road, #$StudtmanPhoto studios, the Village Cinema on Anderson Lane.")

;;; #$LocalGovernmentOrganization
(#$isa #$LocalGovernmentOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LocalGovernmentOrganization #$LegalGovernmentOrganization)
(#$genls #$LocalGovernmentOrganization #$LocalOrganization)
(#$comment #$LocalGovernmentOrganization "A collection of government organizations; a subset of #$LocalOrganization.  An element of #$LocalGovernmentOrganization is any government organization -- whether federal, state, county, or municipal -- that is specific to, i.e., has jurisdiction and/or services generally limited to, one (local) location.  For example, a Board of Education of a particular school district is a #$LocalGovernmentOrganization, because its authority extends to schools in a limited (local) area; in the U.S., such a Board answers to another #$LocalGovernmentOrganization, typically a city or township government.  In another example, an element of #$VeteransAdministrationMedicalCenter is a local organization in terms of its service area, but bureaucratically it belongs to the U.S. Federal government; thus, #$VeteransAdministrationMedicalCenter is a subset of both #$LocalGovernmentOrganization and #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization.")

;;; #$LocalOrganization
(#$isa #$LocalOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$LocalOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$LocalOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$LocalOrganization is an organization having local `scope' -- that is, members distributed in a local area (a #$Neighborhood, #$City, rural region, etc.) or having a local area of activity and concern, as opposed to statewide, national, or international organizations.")

;;; #$LocomotionEvent
(#$isa #$LocomotionEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$LocomotionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$LocomotionEvent #$AnimalActivity)
(#$genls #$LocomotionEvent #$Translation-SinglePath)
(#$genls #$LocomotionEvent #$Translation-Complete)
(#$comment #$LocomotionEvent "A collection of events; a subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  In an instance of #$LocomotionEvent, the #$objectMoving (at least the object that is playing the role of #$doneBy in the event) moves along some pathway under its own power (i.e. plays the role of #$providerOfMotiveForce).  In addition to episodes of walking and swimming, #$LocomotionEvent includes events in which an agent moves itself using a device, with that agent supplying the motive force to the device -- as in instances of #$PedalingABicycle, #$IceSkating, #$InLineSkating, etc.  Since the locomotor virtually always supplies the vast majority of the force required to make the motion happen, it is safe to infer that IF something plays the role of #$providerOfMotiveForce, THEN it is an #$objectMoving.  In certain abnormal situations this rule will make the wrong conclusions: e.g. if a mountain climber's assent is aided by another stationary person above.  Some locomotion events are also transportation events, e.g. when someone is walking while carrying something else.
Note: Elements of #$LocomotionEvent may be `non-homogeneous' (by contrast, each #$LocomotionProcess is `homogeneous.')  That is, if you take #$timeSlices of a #$LocomotionEvent, they may or may not be #$LocomotionEvents.  E.g., even though a mountain-climbing event is a #$LocomotionEvent, if you take a time-slice of it  -- even a quite long time-slice of it! -- that whole time-slice could be where you were tying your climbing rope to a piton you'd just pounded into the mountainside, and that tying event is not a #$LocomotionEvent.  Note that this is not quite the same thing as the granularity of a process, such as #$AnimalWalkingProcess, where if you take a fine enough time-slice you are just lifting your leg up into the air.  In the case of a #$LocomotionEvent such as scaling a sheer rock wall, very little of the time actually involves the motion of your body up the wall. ")

;;; #$LocomotionProcess
(#$isa #$LocomotionProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$LocomotionProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$LocomotionProcess #$LocomotionProcess)
(#$genls #$LocomotionProcess #$Movement-TranslationProcess)
(#$genls #$LocomotionProcess #$LocomotionEvent)
(#$comment #$LocomotionProcess "The collection of processes in which an animal moves from one place to another by its own power.  A #$LocomotionProcess is an activity considered as a #$TemporalStuffType, in which any time-slice of the activity can also be considered an instance of that activity.  Subsets of #$LocomotionProcess include: #$AnimalWalkingProcess, #$Brachiating, #$Climbing, #$WheelchairLocomotionEvent, #$Boring-Locomotion, etc.")

;;; #$LogFn
(#$isa #$LogFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$LogFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$LogFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$LogFn "#$LogFn is the unary mathematical function that returns the natural logarithm of the number taken as its argument.  Its inverse (i.e., #$inverseFunc) is #$ExpFn.")

;;; #$LogicalConnective
(#$isa #$LogicalConnective #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$LogicalConnective #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$LogicalConnective "A collection of mathematical objects, including the basic logical connectives.  Each element of #$LogicalConnective is a Cyc predicate which takes one or more truth-valued expressions as arguments and returns a truth-valued argument.  The elements of #$LogicalConnective include #$and, #$or, #$not, and #$implies.")

;;; #$Loneliness
(#$isa #$Loneliness #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Loneliness #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Loneliness "The disagreeable feeling of being without company.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes are #$Loneliness, #$Solitude, etc.")

;;; #$LongAndThin
(#$isa #$LongAndThin #$AbstractShape)
(#$isa #$LongAndThin #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$LongAndThin "A physical attribute.  #$LongAndThin is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute that characterizes a tangible object which has one dimension whose length exceeds that of each of the other two dimensions by at least a factor of three.  E.g., pencils, straws, telephone wire, submarines, skyscrapers. Cf. #$SheetShaped.")

;;; #$LookingForSomething
(#$isa #$LookingForSomething #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$LookingForSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$LookingForSomething #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$LookingForSomething "Searching for something with the intent to find it.  Instances of failure to find the object of the search are still instances of #$LookingForSomething.")

;;; #$LoopFn
(#$isa #$LoopFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$LoopFn #$SetOrCollection)
(#$arg1Isa #$LoopFn #$Thing)
(#$comment #$LoopFn "For each #$PathSystem SYS, (#$LoopFn SYS) denotes the set of all loops in SYS (see #$PathSystem).  Note that the function #$LoopFn and the predicate #$loopInSystem are interdefinable.  We normally use #$LoopFn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can also replace each (#$loopInSystem X SYS) by (#$elementOf X (#$LoopFn SYS)).")

;;; #$LosingUserRights
(#$isa #$LosingUserRights #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$LosingUserRights #$TransferOut)
(#$genls #$LosingUserRights #$ChangeInUserRights)
(#$comment #$LosingUserRights "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$LosingUserRights, some #$Agent loses possession of something.  Thus, in such an event, that agent loses a previously held right (viz., some #$UserRightsAttribute) to use some item.  The item in question is identified as the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer, and the agent is the #$fromPossessor (i.e., the one from whom possession is taken).  The #$Agent may or may not be a #$deliberateActors in the event; e.g., selling one's car is done on purpose, but having one's car repossessed probably isn't.  If either of those two events happen to you, though, it is an element of the collection #$LosingUserRights.")

;;; #$Love
(#$isa #$Love #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Love #$Affection)
(#$comment #$Love "Strong affection for another agent arising out of kinship or personal ties.  Love may be felt towards things, too: warm attachment, enthusiasm, or devotion.  This does not, however, mean something as specialized/metaphorical as `Fred loves to eat ice cream' or `Ethel loves to get her way.'  #$Love is a collection, as further explained under #$Happiness.  Specialized forms of #$Love are #$Love-Romantic, platonic love, maternal love, infatuation, agape, etc.")

;;; #$LowAmountFn
(#$isa #$LowAmountFn #$GenericValueFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$LowAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$LowAmountFn #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$arg1Genl #$LowAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$LowAmountFn "#$LowAmountFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' amounts of a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (#$LowAmountFn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a low amount of' ATT in the current context.  A low amount of ATT is more than (#$VeryLowAmountFn ATT) but less than (#$MediumAmountFn ATT).")

;;; #$Lung
(#$isa #$Lung #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Lung #$Organ)
(#$comment #$Lung "The collection of all lungs, the primary respiratory organs of #$AirBreathingVertebrates.")

;;; #$MKSUnitOfMeasure
(#$isa #$MKSUnitOfMeasure #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$MKSUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$MKSUnitOfMeasure "A subset of #$UnitOfMeasure.  #$MKSUnitOfMeasure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the MKS (i.e., meter-kilogram-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities.  Examples: #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond, #$Liter, #$MetricTon.")

;;; #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed
(#$isa #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed #$UnitOfSpeed)
(#$isa #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed #$Speed)
(#$resultIsa #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed #$VectorInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Mach-UnitOfSpeed "The speed of sound on earth at sea level.  344.4 m/s")

;;; #$MailingLocation
(#$isa #$MailingLocation #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$isa #$MailingLocation #$ContactLocationType)
(#$genls #$MailingLocation #$ContactLocation)
(#$comment #$MailingLocation "A collection of places; a subset of #$ContactLocation.  Each element of #$MailingLocation is a location at which an agent can be contacted by mail, e.g., a home, office, or post office box.")

;;; #$MainFunction
(#$isa #$MainFunction #$CapacityAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$MainFunction #$IntendedFunction)
(#$comment #$MainFunction "One of the attributes which characterize the capacity in which some agent does a kind of action.  #$MainFunction indicates that an agent does a certain type of action (#$ScriptType) as its main function (rather than, say, as a hobby).  #$MainFunction can be used to indicate the function that an organization was created to do; e.g., the #$MainFunction of the #$USBorderPatrol is #$Patrolling the U.S. border.  See #$actsInCapacity.")
(#$comment #$MainFunction "An element of #$CapacityAttribute.  The attribute #$MainFunction characterizes an entity participating in a situation as doing so in its main function.  It is frequently used to indicate a device employed in doing its #$primaryFunction, or an organization engaged in the work it was created to do.")

;;; #$MakingAGesture
(#$isa #$MakingAGesture #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MakingAGesture #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MakingAGesture #$VoluntaryBodyMovement)
(#$genls #$MakingAGesture #$IBTGeneration-Original)
(#$genls #$MakingAGesture #$VisualInformationConveyingAct)
(#$comment #$MakingAGesture "The collection of acts of #$IBOCreation
done by an #$Animal (including #$Person) arranging its limbs or other
body parts (and whatever objects the limbs might be holding) in some
meaningful configuration (static or dynamic).  Vocal #$IBTGenerations
are not considered to be gestures (see #$MakingAnOralSound for this),
but they might be done in conjunction with gestures.
NB:  #$MakingAGesture is NOT a subset of #$NonVerbalCommunicating;
at most, an instance of #$MakingAGesture is only half of a communication event.
And someone can make a gesture while alone, without using it for
communication. Thus, only some gestures are #$subEvents of
#$NonVerbalCommunicating. (But note that #$MakingAGesture IS a subset
of #$IBTGeneration-Original (q.v.), since every gesture encodes
information, whether or not it is used for communication in a
particular instance.)")

;;; #$MakingAnAgreement
(#$isa #$MakingAnAgreement #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MakingAnAgreement #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MakingAnAgreement #$CreationEvent)
(#$genls #$MakingAnAgreement #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$genls #$MakingAnAgreement #$Communicating)
(#$comment #$MakingAnAgreement "A collection of events.  Each element in the collection #$MakingAnAgreement is an event in which two or more parties specify the terms of an #$Agreement to which they will be #$agreeingAgents, and enter into it.  Some types of #$MakingAnAgreement include its subsets #$GettingEngaged, #$EmployeeHiring, #$DeclaringCeaseFire, and #$MakingAReservation.")

;;; #$MakingAnOralSound
(#$isa #$MakingAnOralSound #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MakingAnOralSound #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$genls #$MakingAnOralSound #$EmittingSound)
(#$genls #$MakingAnOralSound #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$comment #$MakingAnOralSound "The collection of actions in which the lips and other mouth parts are
used to make sound. MakingAnOralSound means the event in which sound
is produced more-or-less voluntarily, using the mouth, mouth portal,
lips, and tongue.")

;;; #$MakingFacialExpression
(#$isa #$MakingFacialExpression #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$MakingFacialExpression #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MakingFacialExpression #$Action)
(#$genls #$MakingFacialExpression #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$comment #$MakingFacialExpression "The collection of events during which the configuration of an agent's face changes.  This is usually associated with the expression of some emotion.")

;;; #$MakingFn
(#$isa #$MakingFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MakingFn #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$resultIsa #$MakingFn #$ScriptType)
(#$resultGenl #$MakingFn #$MakingSomething)
(#$arg1Isa #$MakingFn #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$arg1Genl #$MakingFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$MakingFn "#$MakingFn is a Cyc function, in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$MakingFn TYPE) denotes the set of events in which elements of some TYPE of thing are made (whether manufactured, constructed, produced, etc.)  E.g., (#$MakingFn #$Automobile) is the set of events in which cars are manufactured.  Having this function saves us from having to create tens of thousands of new terms for peanut-butter-making, business-card-making, etc.")

;;; #$MakingSomething
(#$isa #$MakingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MakingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MakingSomething #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$MakingSomething #$CreationEvent)
(#$comment #$MakingSomething "A collection of (very generic) events.  In each #$MakingSomething event, something (tangible) is made from some raw materials. The end result may or may not be what is called a #$Product.")

;;; #$MakingSomethingAvailable
(#$isa #$MakingSomethingAvailable #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MakingSomethingAvailable #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MakingSomethingAvailable #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$MakingSomethingAvailable "The collection of all activities in which an #$Agent makes it possible for another #$Agent to use (but not necessarily own) a good or service.")

;;; #$MakingTravelArrangements
(#$isa #$MakingTravelArrangements #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MakingTravelArrangements #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MakingTravelArrangements #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$MakingTravelArrangements "The collection of all events in which an agent arranges for some kind of travel event.")

;;; #$MaleAnimal
(#$isa #$MaleAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MaleAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$MaleAnimal "The collection of all male animals.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$MaleAnimal #$SENSUS-Information1997 "MALE-ANIMAL")

;;; #$MaleFn
(#$isa #$MaleFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MaleFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$MaleFn #$MaleAnimal)
(#$arg1Isa #$MaleFn #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$arg1Genl #$MaleFn #$Animal)
(#$comment #$MaleFn "#$MaleFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an instance of #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$MaleFn ORGTYPE) returns that subset of the animal taxonomic collection ORGTYPE which includes all and only the males of ORGTYPE.  For example, (#$MaleFn #$Person) and #$MalePerson denote the same collection, while (#$MaleFn #$Deer) denotes the collection of all bucks.")

;;; #$MalePerson
(#$isa #$MalePerson #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MalePerson #$MaleAnimal)
(#$genls #$MalePerson #$Person)
(#$comment #$MalePerson "The collection of all male persons.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$MalePerson #$SENSUS-Information1997 "MALE")

;;; #$Malleability
(#$isa #$Malleability #$MaterialStrengthType)
(#$genls #$Malleability #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Malleability #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Malleability "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Malleability represents a specific capacity of a physical material to be shaped or formed.  Different degrees of malleability may be designated using a #$GenericValueFunction.  Malleability of objects is indicated with the predicate #$malleabilityOfObject.")

;;; #$Malnutrition
(#$isa #$Malnutrition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$Malnutrition #$AilmentCondition)
(#$comment #$Malnutrition "A collection of physiological conditions caused by the lack of
essential #$Nutrients (usually vitamins, minerals or proteins).
Specialized forms of #$Malnutrition are: (1)
#$DietaryDeficiencyCondition, in which the necessary nutrients are
not ingested; and (2) #$Malnutrition-Secondary, in which the necessary
nutrients are not properly metabolized.")

;;; #$Mammal
(#$isa #$Mammal #$BiologicalClass)
(#$genls #$Mammal #$Vertebrate)
(#$comment #$Mammal "The collection of mammals; a subset of #$Vertebrate.  Each element of #$Mammal is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal which, if female, nurses its young with milk secreted by mammary glands.  The collection #$Mammal includes the subsets #$Dog, #$Horse, #$Person, #$Elephant, etc.  The skin of mammals is typically covered with hair (or sometimes hair modified into scales or plates (e.g. pangolins)), but some types are almost hairless.  All mammals other than the Monotremes of Australia bear live young rather than laying eggs and have teats, which on females are used for nursing the young.  Monotremes do not have teats, but both male and female produce milk from #$MammaryGlands.   #$Mammal is an instance of #$BiologicalClass.")

;;; #$Manager
(#$isa #$Manager #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Manager #$DeskWorker)
(#$comment #$Manager "A collection of people.  An instance of #$Manager is a person whose primary job is to manage other people, directing their work activity in an #$Organization or for a #$Project.  A #$Manager tells his or her subordinate workers what to do.")

;;; #$Manufacturing
(#$isa #$Manufacturing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Manufacturing #$MakingSomething)
(#$comment #$Manufacturing "A collection of events.  In each #$Manufacturing event, raw materials or component parts are combined to produce a product.  In a typical #$Manufacturing process, the motivation of the manufacturer is that the value of the #$outputs should exceed the value of the #$inputs.  #$Manufacturing does not include related or supportive processes such as transporting the raw materials to the manufacturing site, scheduling done ahead of time, etc. -- the concept #$ProductionEvent covers that bigger picture.")

;;; #$ManufacturingOrganization
(#$isa #$ManufacturingOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ManufacturingOrganization #$Organization)
(#$genls #$ManufacturingOrganization #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$comment #$ManufacturingOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$ManufacturingOrganization is any organization whose #$MainFunction is #$Manufacturing or production of goods.  These may be departments, suborganizations, companies, or conglomerate enterprises.")

;;; #$Map
(#$isa #$Map #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Map #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Map #$StructuredInformationSource)
(#$genls #$Map #$InformationBearingThing)
(#$comment #$Map "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of #$Map is an IBT which, properly interpreted, models a region of physical space many times its own size by using graphical symbols (or possibly another code), often in conjunction with a natural language, to represent features of one or more of the following kinds: geographical areas (#$GeographicalRegion), topographical features (#$TopographicalFeature), political regions (#$GeopoliticalEntity), climate zones (#$ClimateCycleType), human artifacts (#$ConstructionArtifact), population densities (#$populationDensity), etc.  Maps are generally intended to help an agent to orient itself in space or to understand some aspect(s) of a large spatial area.  The collection #$Map includes terrestrial and celestial maps, either on paper, in computerized geographical information systems, or in other forms.")

;;; #$March
(#$isa #$March #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$March #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$MarineCorps
(#$isa #$MarineCorps #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MarineCorps #$MilitaryOrganization)
(#$comment #$MarineCorps "A collection of military organizations.  An instance of #$MarineCorps is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of soldiers (i.e., combat personnel) who serve on ships or in conjunction with naval forces, with the purpose of defending or attacking coastal areas.")

;;; #$MarinePersonnel
(#$isa #$MarinePersonnel #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$MarinePersonnel #$MilitaryPerson)
(#$comment #$MarinePersonnel "A soldier who is in the Marines.")

;;; #$MaritalStatusOfPeople
(#$isa #$MaritalStatusOfPeople #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType)
(#$isa #$MaritalStatusOfPeople #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$MaritalStatusOfPeople #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$MaritalStatusOfPeople "The attribute values indicating the #$maritalStatus of a #$Person.  Members of this collection include #$Divorced, #$Widowed, #$Single, and #$Married.")

;;; #$MarkingOnASurface
(#$isa #$MarkingOnASurface #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$MarkingOnASurface #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MarkingOnASurface #$IBOCreation)
(#$genls #$MarkingOnASurface #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$comment #$MarkingOnASurface "A collection of events.  In a #$MarkingOnASurface event, visible markings are placed on a surface by an #$Agent.  The marking may be done by adding material to or removing material from the surface; e.g., by painting or by engraving the surface.")

;;; #$Masculine
(#$isa #$Masculine #$LinguisticObject)
(#$isa #$Masculine #$GenderOfLivingThing)
(#$comment #$Masculine "#$Masculine is a gender, indicating either that an #$Animal or #$Plant is male, or that a word has what is called masculine gender.")

;;; #$Mass
(#$isa #$Mass #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Mass #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Mass #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Mass "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of #$Mass is an amount of matter present in a given object.  Elements of #$Mass may be either a fixed interval, such as two pounds, or a range, such as a legal load for a certain type of trailer.  The more mass an object has, the greater is the force required to accelerate it.  See #$UnitOfMass for the units used by Cyc to measure mass.")

;;; #$MassNoun
(#$isa #$MassNoun #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$MassNoun #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$MassNoun "The collection of all mass nouns.  Mass nouns are syntactically singular, and often they denote stufflike things. Example: 'water'.")

;;; #$MaterialStrengthType
(#$isa #$MaterialStrengthType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MaterialStrengthType #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$comment #$MaterialStrengthType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$MaterialStrengthType is a specific collection of attributes used in determining the strength of a material.  Examples: #$Hardness, #$Malleability, #$Ductility, #$Elasticity, #$ShearStrength.")

;;; #$MathematicalObject
(#$isa #$MathematicalObject #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$MathematicalObject #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$MathematicalObject #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing)
(#$comment #$MathematicalObject "A collection of intangible objects; a subset of #$MathematicalThing.  Each element of #$MathematicalObject is a purely abstract mathematical thing which is an individual (see #$Individual).  Examples of #$MathematicalObject include: #$Quantifiers, #$RealNumbers, #$Triangles, #$TruthValues, etc.  But instances of #$SetOrCollection are not #$MathematicalObjects in Cyc, because they are not #$Individuals.")

;;; #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing
(#$isa #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing #$Intangible)
(#$comment #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing "A collection of abstract (#$Intangible) objects.  Each element of #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing is a massless, timeless abstraction, such as an algorithm, logical connective, character string, assertion, integer, etc.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ABSTRACTION")

;;; #$May
(#$isa #$May #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$May #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$MeaningInSystemFn
(#$isa #$MeaningInSystemFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MeaningInSystemFn #$Thing)
(#$arg1Isa #$MeaningInSystemFn #$IndexedInfoSource)
(#$arg2Isa #$MeaningInSystemFn #$CharacterString)
(#$comment #$MeaningInSystemFn "The function (MeaningInSystemFn INFOSOURCE STRING), applied to a character string or code STRING in some external information system INFOSOURCE, returns whatever concept is meant by that string or code in that system.  For example, the value of (#$MeaningInSystemFn #$WordNet-Information ''N221566'') is the concept (or WordNet `synset') represented by the synonyms (rampart|bulwark|wall), meaning 'an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes' in the WordNet system.  The STRING can have any format chosen by the person who builds the representation of the external system; usually it will include some index string that is used as an identifier in the external system.  In addition, the STRING may arbitrarily contain any further characters or information, depending on how the external information is selected and processed.  This function allows you to relate a concept in an external system to an arbitrarily complicated expression composed of Cyc concepts.  If the external concept has a direct, exact mapping to a single Cyc constant, then it is better to use the predicate #$synonymousExternalConcept rather than this function.  If the there is a direct correspondence to one Cyc constant, but it is only an approximate correspondence of meaning, you can use #$overlappingExternalConcept.")

;;; #$MeasurableAttributeType
(#$isa #$MeasurableAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MeasurableAttributeType #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$comment #$MeasurableAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$MeasurableAttributeType is a collection of attributes, the members of which are quantifiable attributes, i.e., they can be assigned a numeric value.  For example, #$RateOfRotation and #$ConcentrationPerVolume.  For the units in which specific attributes are measured, see #$measuredIn, #$unitsMeasuringThisQuantity, #$standardUnitMeasuring.  Note that in Cyc, numbers are classified as measurable attributes; see #$RealNumber, etc.")

;;; #$MeasuringDevice
(#$isa #$MeasuringDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MeasuringDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$MeasuringDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$MeasuringDevice is a device used for measuring some quantity such as #$Distance, #$Volume, #$Temperature, etc.  Examples include the odometer in your car (an #$Odometer), the graduated glass measuring cup in your kitchen (a #$MeasuringCup), and the thermostat on your wall (a #$TemperatureMeasuringDevice, although it is also a #$ControlDevice.)")

;;; #$MeasuringSomething
(#$isa #$MeasuringSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MeasuringSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MeasuringSomething #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$MeasuringSomething #$Thinking)
(#$comment #$MeasuringSomething "A collection of events.  Each element of #$MeasuringSomething is an event in which an agent uses a physical device to measure some physical attribute of a tangible object.  The last part of such an event involves the perception (and perhaps recording) of a #$measurementResult by some instance of#$PerceptualAgent.  See also #$MeasurementFn.")

;;; #$MechanicalDevice
(#$isa #$MechanicalDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MechanicalDevice #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$MechanicalDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$MechanicalDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$MechanicalDevice is a physical device which has one part that moves with respect to another of its parts.  Thus a spoon is not one of these, but a pair of scissors is, as are more complex devices such as vacuum cleaners and the #$SpaceShuttleChallenger.")

;;; #$MedialRegionFn
(#$isa #$MedialRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$MedialRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MedialRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$MedialRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$MedialRegionFn "The function (MedialRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of the center parts or middle section (near the mid-line) of REGOROBJ, or the medial main portion of REGOROBJ as opposed to the right and left portions.  It applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic right/left orientation (unlike, say, a sphere), but if REGOROBJ is a part within a larger region or object that has its own right/left orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's portion nearest the mid-line (with respect to left and right) of the larger region or object.")

;;; #$MedicalCareEvent
(#$isa #$MedicalCareEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$MedicalCareEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareEvent #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareEvent #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareEvent #$ServiceEvent)
(#$comment #$MedicalCareEvent "A collection of events.  When any medical care professional provides a medical service to patients, that is an instance of #$MedicalCareEvent.  An instance of #$MedicalCareEvent may be a diagnostic procedure, a treatment, a consultation, routine check-up, a medical test, etc. -- anything a medical care provider can bill for.  E.g., (#$BirthFn #$NicoleLenat) represents the birth of a particular person; since she were born in a modern Western hospital, doctors, nurses, and a variety of hospital equipment were present and used, so this is a #$MedicalCareEvent. ")

;;; #$MedicalCareInstitution
(#$isa #$MedicalCareInstitution #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareInstitution #$MedicalCareOrganization)
(#$comment #$MedicalCareInstitution "Large organizations that provide medical or psychiatric care and have facilities for patients to stay at least overnight.")

;;; #$MedicalCareOrganization
(#$isa #$MedicalCareOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareOrganization #$ServiceOrganization)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareOrganization #$MedicalCareProvider)
(#$comment #$MedicalCareOrganization "A collection of organizations; a subset of both #$MedicalCareProvider and #$ServiceOrganization.  An element of #$MedicalCareOrganization is any organization that provides some kind of medical care; it may be a sub-organization of a larger organization.  Examples include all instances of #$DoctorsOffice, #$DentistsOffice, #$OptometricFacility, or #$RehabilitationFacility; #$IndependentPracticeAssociation or #$Hospital; #$EmergencyRoom, #$DialysisUnit, #$AllergyTestingFacility; #$HomeNursingServiceOrganization or #$LongTermMedicalCareFacility; and #$VeterinaryHospital.")

;;; #$MedicalCareProfessional
(#$isa #$MedicalCareProfessional #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareProfessional #$MedicalCareProvider)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareProfessional #$HealthProfessional)
(#$comment #$MedicalCareProfessional "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$MedicalCareProfessional is a person whose occupation principally involves medical care of patients, including surgery, psychological care, physical therapy, practical nursing, and dispensing drugs.  The collection #$MedicalCareProfessional includes members of the subsets #$Psychiatrist, #$Pharmacist, #$EmergencyMedicalTechnician, #$Nurse, #$Doctor-Medical, etc., as well as #$Veterinarian.")

;;; #$MedicalCareProvider
(#$isa #$MedicalCareProvider #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MedicalCareProvider #$SocialBeing)
(#$comment #$MedicalCareProvider "The collection of agents who provide medical care in a professional capacity.")

;;; #$MedicalFacilityType
(#$isa #$MedicalFacilityType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MedicalFacilityType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$MedicalFacilityType "Instances are kinds of medical care facilities.  Some may be organizations , some may be places and some are equipment.")

;;; #$MedicalPatient
(#$isa #$MedicalPatient #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MedicalPatient #$Animal)
(#$comment #$MedicalPatient "One who is undergoing medical care - which includes routine examinations as well as treatment for injuries or illnesses.")

;;; #$MedicalSpecialtyType
(#$isa #$MedicalSpecialtyType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MedicalSpecialtyType #$OccupationType)
(#$comment #$MedicalSpecialtyType "The collection of all medical worker types, divided up by specialty.")

;;; #$MedicalTesting
(#$isa #$MedicalTesting #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$MedicalTesting #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$MedicalTesting #$MedicalCareEvent)
(#$genls #$MedicalTesting #$Thinking)
(#$comment #$MedicalTesting "A collection of events in which some aspect of a patient's physiological condition is evaluated using medical procedures.  An instance of #$MedicalTesting is a test done on a patient -- or, often, on a sample taken from the patient's body -- in order to gather information (a) about the patient's general state of health, (b) to help in making a diagnosis, (c) to determine or monitor the severity of a known condition of the patient's.  The collection #$MedicalTesting includes an enormous variety of procedures in modern Western medicine, from simple blood tests to complex MRIs.")

;;; #$MedicalTreatmentEvent
(#$isa #$MedicalTreatmentEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$MedicalTreatmentEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$MedicalTreatmentEvent #$SimpleRepairing)
(#$genls #$MedicalTreatmentEvent #$MedicalCareEvent)
(#$comment #$MedicalTreatmentEvent "A collection of medical care events; i.e., a subset of #$MedicalCareEvent.  In any instance of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent, the procedures performed by a medical professional are done to alleviate or ameliorate an #$AilmentCondition.  The set of treatments for a specific ailment may be denoted using #$TreatmentFn (q.v.).")

;;; #$MediterraneanSea
(#$isa #$MediterraneanSea #$Entity)
(#$isa #$MediterraneanSea #$Sea)
(#$comment #$MediterraneanSea "A strategically important small sea between southern Europe, western Asia (the Levant), and northern Africa.")

;;; #$MediumAmountFn
(#$isa #$MediumAmountFn #$GenericValueFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MediumAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$MediumAmountFn #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$arg1Genl #$MediumAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$MediumAmountFn "#$MediumAmountFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' amounts of a variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (#$MediumAmountFn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a medium amount of' ATT in the current context.  A medium amount of ATT is more than (#$VeryLowAmountFn ATT) but less than (#$HighAmountFn ATT).")

;;; #$MeetingSomeone
(#$isa #$MeetingSomeone #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$MeetingSomeone #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$MeetingSomeone "A collection of actions.  In a #$MeetingSomeone event, one #$Agent is moving and meets (comes into close proximity with) another #$Agent.  This may or may not be purposeful.  It may be performed by non-human animals, and occasionally by other sorts of #$Agents.
Note: this does not mean `being introduced to someone', but rather `going to meet with someone'.")

;;; #$MeetingTakingPlace
(#$isa #$MeetingTakingPlace #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MeetingTakingPlace #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MeetingTakingPlace #$SocialGathering)
(#$comment #$MeetingTakingPlace "The collection of human meeting events, in which #$Persons gather intentionally at a location in order to communicate or share some experience; business is often transacted at such a meeting.  Examples include: a particular conference, a business lunch, etc.")

;;; #$MegaHertz
(#$isa #$MegaHertz #$UnitOfFrequency)
(#$isa #$MegaHertz #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$MegaHertz #$Frequency)
(#$resultIsa #$MegaHertz #$Rate)
(#$resultIsa #$MegaHertz #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$MegaHertz #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$MegaHertz "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the common unit of frequency.     See also #$UnitOfFrequency, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Megabyte
(#$isa #$Megabyte #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Megabyte #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$resultIsa #$Megabyte #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Megabyte #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Megabyte "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent a common unit of computer memory and disk capacity.  The value of (#$Megabyte 1) equals approximately one million (8-bit) bytes.  See also #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$Melting
(#$isa #$Melting #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Melting #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Melting #$MakingSomething)
(#$genls #$Melting #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent)
(#$comment #$Melting "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its #$freezingPoint and is thereby changed from a #$SolidStateOfMatter to a #$LiquidStateOfMatter.")

;;; #$Memory
(#$isa #$Memory #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$Memory #$MentalInformation)
(#$comment #$Memory "A collection of mental information.  Each element of #$Memory is the propositional content of a mental state in which a person recalls past events.  Most commonly those memories concern first-person experiences, but they may include recollections of anything that the person has learned in the past.")

;;; #$MensClothing
(#$isa #$MensClothing #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$MensClothing #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MensClothing #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$genls #$MensClothing #$SomethingToWear)
(#$comment #$MensClothing "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$MensClothing is a clothing item worn usually by men, i.e., items normally found in the men's section of department stores.  Subsets include #$Tuxedos and #$MensJockeyUnderwear.")

;;; #$MentalActivity
(#$isa #$MentalActivity #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$MentalActivity #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$MentalActivity #$AnimalActivity)
(#$genls #$MentalActivity #$MentalEvent)
(#$comment #$MentalActivity "The collection of all actions which involve some mental activity on the part of at least one doer (see #$doneBy).  Consciously carrying out some activity, solving a math problem, engaging in a conversation, are all examples of #$MentalActivity.")

;;; #$MentalAttribute
(#$isa #$MentalAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$MentalAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$MentalAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$MentalAttribute is an attribute which pertains to an agent's mental state or mental ability.  Examples: #$HighIntelligence, #$LegallyDrunk, #$VisualAwareness, #$InattentiveMentalActivityLevel.")

;;; #$MentalEvent
(#$isa #$MentalEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$MentalEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$MentalEvent #$Event)
(#$comment #$MentalEvent "A collection of events. Each event belonging to #$MentalEvent has some actor whose mental functions are involved (see #$actors). Mental events include such things as theorizing about something, dreaming, perceiving, sensing, having a realization, designing something, making a decision, and consciously carrying out a task.  Some of those examples are actions as well as events (see #$doneBy).  For mental events that are also instances of #$Action, see the subset #$MentalActivity.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$MentalEvent #$SENSUS-Information1997 "MENTAL-PROCESS")

;;; #$MentalInformation
(#$isa #$MentalInformation #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$MentalInformation #$AbstractInformation)
(#$genls #$MentalInformation #$MentalObject)
(#$genls #$MentalInformation #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$comment #$MentalInformation "A collection of information.  Each element of #$MentalInformation is the propositional content of a specific mental state of an individual person. Thus, this is information which is embodied in a person having a memory or sensory perception or other type of thought.  Note that elements of #$MentalInformation are the propositional content of memories, perceptions, judgments, etc.  For example, when I remember that my grandmother's eyes are blue, the mental information contained therein is `my [the rememberer's] grandmother's eyes are blue'; it is NOT `I remember that my grandmother's eyes are blue'.  As a consequence, mental information (as defined in Cyc) is not incorrigible.")

;;; #$MentalObject
(#$isa #$MentalObject #$StuffType)
(#$isa #$MentalObject #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$MentalObject #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$comment #$MentalObject "Each element of #$MentalObject is an intangible object intimately connected in some fashion with mental activity.  This includes objects such as thoughts, emotions, knowledge; events such as thinking and reasoning; and intangible time-like objects such as mental-processing-time and cpu-time.")

;;; #$MetaAssertionsForPolyCanonicalizingAssertions
(#$isa #$MetaAssertionsForPolyCanonicalizingAssertions #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$MetaAssertionsForPolyCanonicalizingAssertions "If one wishes to state a fact M about an assertion A, i.e. if one wishes to assert the meta-assertion M(A) and if A canonicalizes into multiple assertions, a_1, a_2...a_n,then one must do a non-standard procedure.  Due to the way the canonicalizer currently (Nov 96) handles meta-assertions, rather than simply asserting M(A), one must distribute the meta-assertion over the results of canonicalization.  That is one must assert M(a_1), M(a_2)...M(a_n). Consider the following example:  Suppose one wanted to assert 
`if a movement occurs then there is a friction #$subEvents, unless the movement is frictionless.'
The way one asserts this is by first asserting the fact without the `unless', i.e.

(ke-assert '(#$implies
	     (#$isa ?MOV #$MovementEvent)
              (#$thereExists ?FRIC
	      (#$and
	       (#$isa ?FRIC #$FrictionProcess)
	       (#$subEvents ?MOV ?FRIC)))) #$BaseKB)

Because there is an #$and with two literals on the right hand side of this rule it canonicalizes into two assertions which then become part of the KB.  One must next find these assertions as they appear in the KB:

(#$implies
 (#$and
  (#$isa ?MOV #$MovementEvent)
  (#$termOfUnit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (#$SKF-29707602 ?MOV)))
 (#$isa ?FRIC-EVENT146 #$FrictionProcess))

(#$implies
 (#$and
  (#$isa ?MOV #$MovementEvent)
  (#$termOfUnit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (#$SKF-29707602 ?MOV)))
 (#$subEvents ?MOV ?FRIC-EVENT146)).

Now using these one may state the `unless' part of the rule:

(ke-assert
  '(#$exceptWhen
    (#$isa ?MOV #$FrictionlessMotion)
    (#$implies
     (#$and
      (#$isa ?MOV #$MovementEvent)
      (#$termOfUnit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (#$SKF-29707602 ?MOV)))
     (#$isa ?FRIC-EVENT146 #$FrictionProcess)))
  #$BaseKB)

(ke-assert
  '(#$exceptWhen
    (#$isa ?MOV #$FrictionlessMotion)
    (#$implies
     (#$and
      (#$isa ?MOV #$MovementEvent)
      (#$termOfUnit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (#$SKF-29707602 ?MOV)))
     (#$subEvents ?MOV ?FRIC-EVENT146)))

  #$BaseKB).

This #$SharedNote is true about any #$Relationship which has #$Assertion as an argument type.")

;;; #$MetaKnowledgePredicate
(#$isa #$MetaKnowledgePredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$MetaKnowledgePredicate #$ModalRelationship)
(#$genls #$MetaKnowledgePredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$MetaKnowledgePredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$MetaKnowledgePredicate is a predicate used in assertions about the Cyc ontology itself.  Examples: #$myCreator, #$cyclistNotes, #$sharedNotes, #$salientAssertions, #$axiomConclusionActionType.")

;;; #$MetaPredicate
(#$isa #$MetaPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$MetaPredicate #$MetaRelation)
(#$comment #$MetaPredicate "A collection of predicates. Each element of #$MetaPredicate can be used to define other predicates.")

;;; #$MetaRelation
(#$isa #$MetaRelation #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$MetaRelation #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$MetaRelation "A collection of relations. Each element of #$MetaRelation can be used to define other relations.")

;;; #$Metal
(#$isa #$Metal #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Metal #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$Metal #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Metal "A collection of tangible stuffs.  Every instance of #$Metal is a piece of stuff defined as a metal only by its chemical composition, not by its physical properties.  Thus, #$Metal includes all instances of #$Mercury and #$Potassium as well as all pieces of #$Brass, #$Lead, #$Iron.  Cyc infers only by default that metals are solid.  #$MetalAlloy is a subset of #$Metal.")

;;; #$MetalAlloy
(#$isa #$MetalAlloy #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$MetalAlloy #$Mixture)
(#$genls #$MetalAlloy #$ArtificialMaterial)
(#$genls #$MetalAlloy #$Metal)
(#$comment #$MetalAlloy "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of #$Metal.  Each instance of #$MetalAlloy is a metallic stuff which is a homogeneous blend of at least one part of #$UnalloyedMetal with at least one other substance.  #$MetalAlloy is not a subset of #$Mixture, because each instance of #$MetalAlloy is defined not only by the amounts and kinds of its #$constituents, but also (unlike a mixture) by the internal structures formed during its creation.  Furthermore, the creation process is typically more complex than #$Mixing.  Common metal alloys include the instances of #$Bronze, #$Brass, and #$Steel.  Note that #$GalvanizedMetal is NOT a subset of #$MetalAlloy, because every instance of #$GalvanizedMetal has a coating of some #$Zinc on its surface, and thus (unlike an alloy) the components of galvanized metals are not homogenously distributed throughout.")

;;; #$Meter
(#$isa #$Meter #$UnitOfDistance)
(#$isa #$Meter #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Meter #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Meter #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Meter #$Distance)
(#$resultIsa #$Meter #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Meter #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Meter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of measure in the metric system.  The meter is also the basic unit of measure for length in CYC.  See also #$MKSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$MetersPerSecond
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecond #$UnitOfSpeed)
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecond #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecond #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecond #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$MetersPerSecond #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$MetersPerSecond #$Speed)
(#$resultIsa #$MetersPerSecond #$VectorInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$MetersPerSecond #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$MetersPerSecond "(#$MetersPerSecond NUMBER) returns a dimensionless rate or speed of NUMBER meters per second.  Notice that this result is not presently thought of as incorporating a vector, although it might be modified to do so at some point in the future if this should prove appropriate.")

;;; #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond #$UnitOfAcceleration)
(#$isa #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond #$Acceleration)
(#$resultIsa #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond "The basic measure of acceleration")

;;; #$MicroscopicScaleObject
(#$isa #$MicroscopicScaleObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MicroscopicScaleObject #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$MicroscopicScaleObject "A collection of objects.  Every instance of #$MicroscopicScaleObject is a material object which is so small that human beings cannot perceive it, except (perhaps) with the use of special devices such as electron microscopes.  Some types of #$MicroscopicScaleObject include its subsets #$Molecule, #$Atom, #$SubAtomicParticle, #$Chloroplast, and #$Mitochondrion.")

;;; #$Microtheory
(#$isa #$Microtheory #$Collection)
(#$isa #$Microtheory #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$Microtheory #$AbstractInformation)
(#$genls #$Microtheory #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$comment #$Microtheory "The collection of all microtheories, or `mts' for short.  Microtheories implement contexts in Cyc.  Each mt serves to group a set of assertions together that share some common assumptions.  Thus each mt can be thought of as having two parts: a corpus of assertions that represent the `content' of the mt, and a separate corpus of assertions that represent the `assumptions' which are being made.  E.g., in a normal modern everyday life microtheory, there might be hundreds of content assertions such as `drivers are at least 16 years old', and there might be dozens of assumption assertions about that microtheory's content, such as `all actors are assumed to be law-abiding'.   You can think of the assumptions as a set of extra conjuncts on the left hand side (the antecedent or `if'-part) of every content assertion in the mt.  

Each assertion in the knowledge base must be explicitly stated to be true in at least one mt.  It will then (by inference) also be true in all the more specialized contexts.  If something is true in the `life in North America' mt, then it should by default be true in the `life in Canada' mt.  I.e., the microtheories are organized into a generalization/specialization lattice by the predicate #$genlMt (q.v.), just as collections are organized into such a lattice by #$genls, and just as predicates are organized into such a lattice by #$genlPreds.  Just as a collection may have several incommensurable supersets, so too a microtheory may have several incommensurable #$genlMts.  Just as each and every collection must have some explicitly recorded superset (except for #$Thing), each and every mt must have some (expicitly recorded) more general mt (except for the #$BaseKB, which is the most general context, containing universal, timeless truths).  Just as a Cyc concept may have multiple incommensurable sets of which it is an element (via #$isa), so too a Cyc assertion may be declared to be true in a set of incommensurable mts.

Every query is made in some mt, so the answer you get might very well depend on the mt in which you ask the question.  Let's call the current context C1, for the remainder of this paragraph.  The only assertions which can be used in C1 to answer the query are those assertions which were explicitly stated to be true in C1 or in some more general mt than C1.  But what if you want and need something like assertion P, to answer the question, but P doesn't fit that criterion, though P is true in some other mts that are unrelated to C1?  You can `import' or `lift' P into C1, by conjoining to its left hand side (if-part) the various assumptions of a context C999 in which P is known to be true.  I.e., what you actually conclude to be true in C1 is an assertion of the form `if a1 and a2 and... then P', where a1, a2,... are the assumptions of a context in which P holds (but which are NOT implied by assumptions of C1).  When there are several contexts to choose from, from which to import P, you will usually prefer the context whose assumptions are most similar to C1's assumptions, so there will be few extra conjuncts that need to be inserted in the `lifting' process.

There is an implicit third component to each #$Microtheory, namely the Cyc terms which are `known about' in that mt.  E.g., #$Lenat is not `known about' in a microtheory set in prehistoric times; #$PhotochemicalEnergyTransduction is not `known about' in a microtheory representing things that a toddler believes to be true; etc.  Unlike the content and the assumptions, however, there is no need to explicitly collect into one list all the terms which are `known about'.  Rather, one could compute such a list by looking at all the terms which are mentioned anywhere in the content assertions of the mt.

Note that #$Microtheory is itself a `first-class object', as is each and every element of that collection --- e.g., #$CommercialBuyingMt, #$WorldGeographyMt, #$USHealthcareMt, #$HumanSocialLifeMt, etc.  The assertions about a #$Microtheory are just like any other Cyc assertions.  

Note that one important predicate we haven't mentioned here yet is the one that says `assertion P is true in microtheory M'.  That predicate is #$ist.  Thus:  (#$ist M P).

Note that another important predicate we haven't mentioned here yet is the one that says `microtheory M has the proposition P as a domain assumption'.  Thus: (#$domainAssumptions M P).")

;;; #$MicrotheoryPredicate
(#$isa #$MicrotheoryPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$MicrotheoryPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$MicrotheoryPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$MicrotheoryPredicate is a predicate used to describe the properties and relationships of instances of #$Microtheory.  Examples: #$domainAssumptions, #$mtTime, #$genlMt, #$adheresToCodeOfConduct, #$ist-Agreement, #$ist-Obligation.")

;;; #$MicrotheoryType
(#$isa #$MicrotheoryType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MicrotheoryType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$MicrotheoryType "A collection of collections.  Each instance of #$MicrotheoryType is a type of #$Microtheory, for example, #$ProblemSolvingCntxt and #$GeneralMicrotheory.")

;;; #$Microwaved
(#$isa #$Microwaved #$PreparationAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Microwaved #$Cooked)
(#$comment #$Microwaved "The attribute #$Microwaved is a specialized form of #$Cooked.  Food that is #$Microwaved has been prepared in an event of #$Microwaving, using a #$MicrowaveOven.")

;;; #$Microwaving
(#$isa #$Microwaving #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$Microwaving #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Microwaving #$CookingFood)
(#$comment #$Microwaving "A collection of events in which a #$MicrowaveOven is used to heat food (or drink).
After a #$Microwaving event, the food involved has been #$Microwaved.")

;;; #$Midday
(#$isa #$Midday #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Midday #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Midday "A #$Midday is the daily event where the #$Sun is near its `highest' position in the daily cycle.  A #$Midday overlaps the start of an #$Afternoon, and a #$Morning overlaps the start of a #$Midday.")

;;; #$MigratoryAnimal
(#$isa #$MigratoryAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MigratoryAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$MigratoryAnimal "A subset of #$Animal; the collection of animals that change their dwelling place on a periodic, typically seasonal basis.  Such behavior is usually characteristic of particular types of #$BiologicalSpecies.")

;;; #$MilesPerHour
(#$isa #$MilesPerHour #$UnitOfSpeed)
(#$isa #$MilesPerHour #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$MilesPerHour #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$MilesPerHour #$Speed)
(#$resultIsa #$MilesPerHour #$VectorInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$MilesPerHour #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$MilesPerHour "A unit of speed")

;;; #$MilitaryAircraft
(#$isa #$MilitaryAircraft #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$MilitaryAircraft #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MilitaryAircraft #$SolidTangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$MilitaryAircraft #$AirTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$MilitaryAircraft "The collection of all aircraft used for military purposes, or equipped to be used for such purposes.")

;;; #$MilitaryOfficer
(#$isa #$MilitaryOfficer #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$MilitaryOfficer #$Leader)
(#$genls #$MilitaryOfficer #$MilitaryPerson)
(#$comment #$MilitaryOfficer "A collection of people, a subset 
of #$MilitaryPerson. Each element of this collection is
somebody who is an officer in some #$MilitaryOrganization,
e.g., an element of #$Admiral or #$Lieutenant.")

;;; #$MilitaryOrganization
(#$isa #$MilitaryOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MilitaryOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$MilitaryOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$MilitaryOrganization is an organization whose function (and expertise) is the use of armed force, or the threat of such use, against enemies, especially other organized, armed enemies.  A military organization includes its fighting forces and their command structure, together with dedicated support services controlled by that military command.  Typically, there are special conditions in the relationships between a #$MilitaryOrganization and its workers, going beyond what is expected of work agreements in civilian settings, including strict sanctions to enforce obedience.  This collection includes #$GovernmentMilitaryOrganizations such as the armies, navies, air forces, etc., of the world's governments, and in addition private armies, rebel armies, and organized mercenary units.")

;;; #$MilitaryPerson
(#$isa #$MilitaryPerson #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$MilitaryPerson #$Professional)
(#$comment #$MilitaryPerson "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$MilitaryPerson is a person who works for some #$MilitaryOrganization, usually holding some #$MilitaryTitle or rank.  Subsets include #$MilitaryOfficer and #$EnlistedPerson.")

;;; #$Mineral
(#$isa #$Mineral #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Mineral #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Mineral #$NaturalTangibleStuff)
(#$genls #$Mineral #$InorganicStuff)
(#$comment #$Mineral "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Mineral is a piece of homogeneous inorganic physical substance that has a crystalline structure.  For example, instances of #$Diamond, #$Turquoise-Gem, #$Jade-Gem, #$Corundum.")

;;; #$MineralOre
(#$isa #$MineralOre #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$MineralOre #$EarthStuff)
(#$comment #$MineralOre "A collection of tangible things; a subset of #$EarthStuff.  Each element of #$MineralOre is a piece of substance from which some useful #$Mineral can be extracted.  For example, elements of #$IronOre, #$BauxiteOre, and #$Copper-Ore.")

;;; #$MinusFn
(#$isa #$MinusFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$MinusFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$MinusFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$MinusFn "#$MinusFn is the unary mathematical function that changes the sign of the number taken as its argument; e.g., (#$MinusFn 2) returns -2, and (#$MinusFn -2) returns 2.")

;;; #$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure
(#$isa #$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$UnitOfAngularDistance)
(#$resultIsa #$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$resultIsa #$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure "A unit to measure the size of angles, in the Imperial system of measurement.  60 minutes = 1 degree (#$Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure)")

;;; #$MinuteFn
(#$isa #$MinuteFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$MinuteFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MinuteFn #$CalendarMinute)
(#$arg1Isa #$MinuteFn #$NonNegativeInteger)
(#$arg2Isa #$MinuteFn #$CalendarHour)
(#$comment #$MinuteFn "(#$MinuteFn ?M ?H) denotes a #$CalendarMinute -- in particular, minute number ?M of hour ?H.  For example, (#$MinuteFn 12 (#$HourFn 18 (#$DayFn 14 (#$MonthFn #$February (#$YearFn 1966))))) denotes 6:12pm Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; #$MinutesDuration
(#$isa #$MinutesDuration #$UnitOfTime)
(#$isa #$MinutesDuration #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$MinutesDuration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$MinutesDuration #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$MinutesDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$argsIsa #$MinutesDuration #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$MinutesDuration "#$MinutesDuration is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of #$Time.  An expression of the form (#$MinutesDuration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is at least ?min minutes and at most ?max minutes.  An expression of the form (#$MinutesDuration ?num) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is exactly ?num minutes.")

;;; #$Misty-PhysicalState
(#$isa #$Misty-PhysicalState #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$Misty-PhysicalState "A physical attribute.  #$Misty-PhysicalState is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute that characterizes mist; i.e., being a mixture of a gaseous substance with suspended particles of liquid.")

;;; #$Mixing
(#$isa #$Mixing #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Mixing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Mixing #$CreationEvent)
(#$genls #$Mixing #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$comment #$Mixing "A collection of events.  In each #$Mixing, two or more substances are combined to form a #$Mixture.")

;;; #$Mixture
(#$isa #$Mixture #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Mixture #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Mixture "A collection of tangible stuffs.  Every instance of #$Mixture is a tangible stuff composed of two or more different #$constituents which have been mixed.  The stuffs which were inputs to the mixing do not form chemical bonds between them, and at a later time the mixture may be resolved by some #$SeparationEvent.  Examples include all elements of the collections #$Blood, #$Mud, #$Air, and #$CarbonatedBeverage.  A mixture has a composition but not a structure; thus, the following are NOT mixtures, since all have some structure: a wet sponge, a person, or a portion of plywood.
Note: By default, mixtures are assumed to be stable, i.e., they won't separate on their own.  Use #$separatingConstituent to override this default for a constituent that does separate out spontaneously (e.g. a #$CarbonatedBeverage going flat).")

;;; #$Mob
(#$isa #$Mob #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$Mob #$Group)
(#$comment #$Mob "A collection of objects; a subset of #$Group.  Each element of #$Mob is a group that contains a large number of objects or events of the same type.  Mobs typically have too many members to enumerate or reify; one rarely refers to particular mob members, or at most refers to relatively few of them.  Examples: the #$Andes-Mountains is a mob of mountains; each element of #$Galaxy is a mob of stars; a cup of sand is a mob of grains of sand; and making popcorn involves a mob of corn kernel bursting events.")

;;; #$MobFn
(#$isa #$MobFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MobFn #$Collection)
(#$resultGenl #$MobFn #$Mob)
(#$arg1Isa #$MobFn #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$MobFn "#$MobFn is a Cyc #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  #$MobFn is used for referring to specializations of #$Mob; esp. note that applications of #$MobFn produce COLLECTIONS (of mobs), not individual mobs.  #$MobFn takes any element of #$ObjectType as its argument and returns a subset of #$Mob, namely the collection containing those mobs whose #$groupMembers are elements of that #$ObjectType.  (#$MobFn OBJ-TYPE) denotes the collection of all mobs whose members belong to (#$isa) OBJ-TYPE.  For example, a clump of hair on my head is an element of (#$MobFn #$Hair-Strand).  The collection #$Galaxy is a subset of (#$MobFn #$Star).  And the collection #$Applauding (i.e., all applause events) could be referred to as (#$MobFn `HandClappingEvent').")

;;; #$Modal
(#$isa #$Modal #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$Modal #$Verb)
(#$comment #$Modal "The collection of all modal auxiliary verbs. Modals have only tensed forms, do not inflect for person and number, and can take contracted negation. Example: `should'.")

;;; #$ModalRelationship
(#$isa #$ModalRelationship #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$ModalRelationship #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$ModalRelationship "A collection of predicates and functions.  Each element of #$ModalRelationship is a predicate or function wherein substituting equals for equals may not preserve truth.  For example, `believes': even though Jack's age is equal to 29, we can't substitute `29' for `Jack's age' in the sentence `Fred believes that Jack's age is 31', because Fred surely does NOT believe that 29 is 31.  Thus, `believes' is a modal relationship.  So are meta-predicates such as #$myCreator: e.g., suppose that Doug Lenat added the term FirstUSPresident to the Cyc ontology, and Cyc later is told that that person was George Washington, who in turn is represented by the term #$GeorgeWashington, which term was NOT entered by Doug but by Karen Pittman; it would be incorrect to substitute equals for equals [that is, to substitute #$GeorgeWashington for FirstUSPresident] in the assertion (#$myCreator FirstUSPresident #$Lenat) and conclude (#$myCreator #$GeorgeWashington #$Lenat), since Doug did not enter the latter term into Cyc's ontology.  Thus, meta-predicates such as #$myCreator are also modal relationships.  The same applies to functions; e.g., if we had a function such as MyCreatorFn, then (MyCreatorFn FirstUSPresident) would not have the same value as (MyCreatorFn #$GeorgeWashington).")

;;; #$ModeratelyAlert
(#$isa #$ModeratelyAlert #$Alertness)
(#$genlAttributes #$ModeratelyAlert #$Awake)
(#$comment #$ModeratelyAlert "#$ModeratelyAlert is an #$Alertness attribute which is a specialization of #$Awake.  It is the normal state of an #$Animal which is awake but paying particular attention to its environment.  It is a higher #$alertnessLevel than #$Sleepy, but lower than #$VeryAlert.")

;;; #$ModernHumanResidence
(#$isa #$ModernHumanResidence #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ModernHumanResidence #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ModernHumanResidence #$HumanResidence)
(#$genls #$ModernHumanResidence #$ModernShelterConstruction)
(#$comment #$ModernHumanResidence "A collection of objects; a subset of both #$HumanResidence and #$ModernShelterConstruction.  Each element of #$ModernHumanResidence is a humanly constructed shelter of a modern type, in which people live.  Such residences are the typical dwellings in the developed world of the late 20th century and may be found in the more affluent regions of the developing world.  Examples include houses in suburban `developments', modern apartment buildings, `modular' homes, etc.")

;;; #$ModernNavalShip
(#$isa #$ModernNavalShip #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ModernNavalShip #$Weapon)
(#$genls #$ModernNavalShip #$Ship)
(#$comment #$ModernNavalShip "The collection of all #$Ships that have been used since the Nineteenth Century primarily for naval purposes, including military attack and defense, reconnaisance, support, rescue, coastal monitoring, etc.  Such a ship is naval in this sense even if it is not operated by a #$Navy. Most ModernNavalShips are specifically constructed for naval purposes.")

;;; #$ModernShelterConstruction
(#$isa #$ModernShelterConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ModernShelterConstruction #$Building)
(#$comment #$ModernShelterConstruction "A collection of construction artifacts; a subset of #$Building (q.v.).  An instance of #$ModernShelterConstruction is a building that provides comfortable shelter for humans during some of their daily activities.  Elements of #$ModernShelterConstruction have the kinds of features found in modern-day buildings in Europe, the USA, and other technologically developed parts of the world, namely, amenities like doors, plumbing, electricity, and probably some kind of climate control system for maintaining humanly comfortable conditions #$Indoors.  Examples include the #$NewYorkHiltonAtBroadway, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, and instances of the collection #$ModernHumanResidence (e.g., a newly built home in a suburban development or a renovated brownstone in NYC).")

;;; #$MolecularStuff
(#$isa #$MolecularStuff #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$MolecularStuff #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$MolecularStuff "A collection of tangible stuff.  Every instance of #$MolecularStuff is a portion of stuff composed of covalently-bonded molecules.  Thus, #$Water and #$DNA are subsets of #$MolecularStuff; each of their instances consists of covalently bonded molecules.  But instances of #$Salt-NaCl are not examples of #$MolecularStuff.  Also, #$Oxygen is not a subset of #$MolecularStuff, since #$Oxygen denotes anything composed of that element, not just O2 (molecular oxygen) and O3 (ozone). ")

;;; #$Molecule
(#$isa #$Molecule #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Molecule #$ChemicalObject)
(#$comment #$Molecule "A collection of microscopic-scale objects; a subset of #$ChemicalObject.  Every instance of #$Molecule is a microscopic object whose component atoms are all chemically bonded to each other; typically, this means that the atoms are covalently bonded.  Examples: some instances of #$Molecule, including molecules of oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), etc., contain covalently bonded atoms belonging to the collection #$Oxygen.  Some highly complex examples of #$Molecule are those belonging to the collection #$DNA.  See also #$MoleculeFn.
Note: #$Diamond and other macroscopic covalent solids are excluded from belonging to #$Molecule by the constraint that instances of #$Molecule are microscopic.")

;;; #$MoleculeFn
(#$isa #$MoleculeFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MoleculeFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$MoleculeFn #$Molecule)
(#$arg1Isa #$MoleculeFn #$ChemicalCompoundType)
(#$arg1Genl #$MoleculeFn #$MolecularStuff)
(#$comment #$MoleculeFn "#$MoleculeFn is a Cyc function, specifically a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  It takes an instance of #$ChemicalCompoundType as its sole argument and returns the set of all molecules of that compound.  (#$MoleculeFn X) denotes the collection of all #$Molecules of #$MolecularStuff X.  For example, (#$MoleculeFn #$Water) is the collection of all water molecules.")

;;; #$MoneraKingdom
(#$isa #$MoneraKingdom #$BiologicalKingdom)
(#$comment #$MoneraKingdom "A biological kingdom including bacteria, blue green algae, and prochlorophytes (recently discovered).  All members are prokaryotes - their cells lack a nuclear membrane and other internal organelles.")

;;; #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights
(#$isa #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$ExchangeOfUserRights)
(#$genls #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights #$MoneyTransaction)
(#$comment #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights "The collection of events in which two #$Agents (#$exchangers) perform two #$TransferringPossessions with each other, one of which is a #$MoneyTransfer.  The #$buyer gains possession (i.e., some #$UserRightsAttribute) of the #$objectPaidFor  from the #$seller, who gains possession of the #$objectTendered.  Note that #$Renting, as well as #$Buying, is a #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights")

;;; #$MonetaryFlowRate
(#$isa #$MonetaryFlowRate #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$MonetaryFlowRate #$Rate)
(#$genls #$MonetaryFlowRate #$MoneyRate)
(#$genls #$MonetaryFlowRate #$AttributeValue)
(#$genls #$MonetaryFlowRate #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$MonetaryFlowRate "A collection of rates; a subset of #$ScalarInterval.  Each element of #$MonetaryFlowRate is a rate at which money is earned, spent, transferred, lost, invested, etc. It is a measurable quantity, expressed as a rate of units of money per unit of time, such as #$DollarsPerHour (see #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate).  #$MonetaryFlowRate includes generic intervals, such as those which describe (in a particular context) #$HighIncomeLevel, #$LowIncomeLevel, etc.")

;;; #$Money
(#$isa #$Money #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Money #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Money #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$Money "The collection of amounts of currency or debt, of which payments, wealth, capital, assets, etc., consist.   An instance of #$Money may be considered as either (1) an amount of actual, valuable tangible goods (such as gold) or (2) an abstract quantity.  That is, from one perspective, elements of #$Money represent the amount of a debt (or credit), while from another perspective, they represent what is actually transferred to create or discharge a debt.  Typically, money is created by national governments; either (a) money is a backed claim for a certain amount of precious physical wealth payable by the government on demand (e.g., the gold standard), or (b) money is a legally enforced means of debt payment without any backing.  



Elements of #$Money in Cyc may be either a fixed amount, such as a U.S. five-dollar bill, or a range, such as `the price of a 1997 Mazda Protege'.  See #$UnitOfMoney for the units used by Cyc to measure instances of #$Money. 



Note: The tangible coins, bills, checks, etc., that represent certain amounts of #$Money (but which as physical objects may have little value) are elements of #$TenderObject, not of #$Money.  Elements of #$TenderObject which also belong to #$Currency are typically associated with some instance of #$UnitOfMoney (e.g., #$Dollar-UnitedStates) and have a fixed value.")

;;; #$MoneyRate
(#$isa #$MoneyRate #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$MoneyRate #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$MoneyRate "A collection of rates; a subset of #$ScalarInterval.  Each element of #$MoneyRate is a measurement applied to something that is measured by money-per-amount; e.g., $1.14 per gallon, $10,000 per acre, $250 per week, $0.89 per pound.  Important subsets of #$MoneyRate include: #$MoneyPerVolumeRate, #$MoneyPerAreaRate, #$MoneyPerMassRate, #$MonetaryFlowRate.  The units for #$MoneyRate measures are terms such as #$DollarsPerSquareFoot, #$DollarsPerHour, Yen per kilo, etc.")

;;; #$MoneyTenderType
(#$isa #$MoneyTenderType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MoneyTenderType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$MoneyTenderType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$MoneyTenderType is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, etc.  Examples include #$Currency, #$CreditCard, #$TravellersCheck, #$MoneyOrder, #$PostageStamp, #$Check-TenderObject, etc.")

;;; #$MoneyTransaction
(#$isa #$MoneyTransaction #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MoneyTransaction #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$MoneyTransaction #$MoneyTransfer)
(#$genls #$MoneyTransaction #$CommercialActivity)
(#$genls #$MoneyTransaction #$TransferringPossession)
(#$genls #$MoneyTransaction #$Transaction)
(#$comment #$MoneyTransaction "A collection of events.  Each element of #$MoneyTransaction is an event in which a transfer of money occurs.  Thus, buying something, investing, making a donation, executing a bequest and exchanging currency, are all examples of #$MoneyTransaction events.")

;;; #$MoneyTransfer
(#$isa #$MoneyTransfer #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MoneyTransfer #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$MoneyTransfer #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$MoneyTransfer #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$genls #$MoneyTransfer #$TransferringPossession)
(#$comment #$MoneyTransfer "The most generic collection of events in which #$Money changes hands.  Thus, in an instance of #$MoneyTransfer, there is some way in which money transfers possession -- though `ownership' of the funds may or may not be transferred from and/or to the agents involved.  E.g., an ATM withdrawal from the user's own account, a utility payment made at one's local grocery store, buying a newspaper, getting change for a dollar from a cashier, are all examples of #$MoneyTransfer events.  Compare this collection with its subset #$MoneyTransaction; in money #$Transactions, which are also elements of #$CommercialActivity, not only is there a transfer of money, but it is done as part of an agreement (explicit or implicit) between the two participating agents that one will do something for the other -- something more than bookkeeping -- contingent upon the transfer of funds.")

;;; #$MonthFn
(#$isa #$MonthFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$MonthFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$MonthFn #$CalendarMonth)
(#$arg1Isa #$MonthFn #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$arg1Isa #$MonthFn #$AnnualEventType)
(#$arg1Isa #$MonthFn #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType)
(#$arg1Isa #$MonthFn #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$arg1Genl #$MonthFn #$CalendarMonth)
(#$arg2Isa #$MonthFn #$CalendarYear)
(#$comment #$MonthFn "(#$MonthFn ?M ?YR) denotes a #$CalendarMonth -- in particular, the month of type ?M during ?YR.  For example, (#$MonthFn #$February (#$YearFn 1966)) denotes Feb. of 1966.  Note that #$MonthFn -- unlike #$DayFn, #$HourFn, etc. -- does NOT take a number as its first argument.")

;;; #$MonthOfYearType
(#$isa #$MonthOfYearType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$MonthOfYearType #$Collection)

;;; #$MonthsDuration
(#$isa #$MonthsDuration #$UnitOfTime)
(#$isa #$MonthsDuration #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$MonthsDuration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$MonthsDuration #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$MonthsDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$argsIsa #$MonthsDuration #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$MonthsDuration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of #$Time.  An expression of the form (#$MonthsDuration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is at least ?min months and at most ?max months.  (#$MonthsDuration ?num) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is exactly ?num months.")

;;; #$Morning
(#$isa #$Morning #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Morning #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Morning "A #$Morning is an #$Event where the #$Sun apparently `rises' and `moves' to its `highest' position in the daily cycle, i.e. from a #$Sunrise to the ensuing noon (the latter of which is the #$startingPoint of a #$TimeOfDay-NoonHour)  Each ?M which #$isa #$Morning is #$contiguousAfter an #$Overnight, and an #$Afternoon is #$contiguousAfter ?M; and ?M overlaps the start of a #$Midday.")

;;; #$Motorboat
(#$isa #$Motorboat #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Motorboat #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Motorboat #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$Motorboat #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Motorboat "The collection of all boats usually powered by motors (including in-board and out-board motors).  If a boat is primarily a #$Sailboat, but has a back-up motor to use when becalmed or piloting, that is not enough to make it a Motorboat.  To be more precise, this collection is the intersection of #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice, #$InternalCombustionPoweredDevice and #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle.")

;;; #$Motorcycle
(#$isa #$Motorcycle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Motorcycle #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$Motorcycle #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Motorcycle "The collection of all motorcycles, two-wheeled motorized personal transport devices.  A motorcycle lacks a cab or compartment to protect the driver from wind and weather.  Since motorcycles are used both on and off road, this is not a spec of #$RoadVehicle.")

;;; #$Mountain
(#$isa #$Mountain #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Mountain #$LandTopographicalFeature)
(#$genls #$Mountain 
  (#$SolidFn #$EarthStuff))
(#$comment #$Mountain "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of #$Mountain is a geographical region of significantly higher elevation than its surrounding area.  Mountains may occur individually or as part of a chain (see #$MountainRange).  Examples: #$MountWhitney, #$DiamondHead-Mountain, #$MountKosciusko, #$AyersRock, #$MountOlympus.")

;;; #$MountainRange
(#$isa #$MountainRange #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MountainRange 
  (#$MobFn #$Mountain))
(#$genls #$MountainRange #$LandTopographicalFeature)
(#$comment #$MountainRange "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of #$MountainRange is a natural group of mountains.  Examples: the #$RockyMountains, #$Andes-Mountains, #$Alps-Mountains.")

;;; #$Mouth
(#$isa #$Mouth #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$isa #$Mouth #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Mouth #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$Mouth #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Mouth "The collection of all animal mouths.  A mouth is a container #$AnimalBodyPart of an #$Animal.  It has an opening (a #$Portal) to the region outside the organism.  Through that opening, the animal ingests tangible substances from the environment, such as food, water, air, etc.  Additional activities, such as #$Chewing, may occur in the #$Mouth, and it may participate in other activities such as talking, kissing, etc.")

;;; #$Movement-NonPeriodic
(#$isa #$Movement-NonPeriodic #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Movement-NonPeriodic #$MovementEvent)
(#$comment #$Movement-NonPeriodic "#$Movement-NonPeriodic is a subset of #$MovementEvent.  Each element of this collection is an #$Event in which the #$objectMoving does not return to a previous location or orientation (either not at all or only in a chaotic fashion).  E.g., the motion of a basketball being dribbled by Magic Johnson as he runs downcourt.  For contrast, see #$Movement-Periodic.")

;;; #$Movement-Periodic
(#$isa #$Movement-Periodic #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Movement-Periodic #$MovementEvent)
(#$comment #$Movement-Periodic "A collection of events, and a subset of #$MovementEvent.  An element of this collection is an #$Event in which the #$objectMoving returns repeatedly to a certain location or orientation at more or less regular time intervals.  E.g., the motion of a seesaw one afternoon; the dribbling of a basketball in place by Magic Johnson; the motion of a slinky going down a staircase as it periodically changes its orientation through a fixed, repetive series of orientations.")

;;; #$Movement-Rotation
(#$isa #$Movement-Rotation #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Movement-Rotation #$MovementEvent)
(#$comment #$Movement-Rotation "#$Movement-Rotation is a subset of #$MovementEvent.  Elements of #$Movement-Rotation are those moving events in which the #$objectMoving rotates about an internal or external axis.  For example, the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end.")

;;; #$Movement-TranslationEvent
(#$isa #$Movement-TranslationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Movement-TranslationEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Movement-TranslationEvent #$Translocation)
(#$genls #$Movement-TranslationEvent #$MovementEvent)
(#$comment #$Movement-TranslationEvent "This collection is a subset of #$MovementEvent.  An element of this set is an #$Event in which the center of mass of the #$objectMoving changes location, with respect to the relevant frame of reference.  Moreover, the moving object travels along some #$pathway-Complete from its origin (#$fromLocation) to its stopping place (#$toLocation) and must, at some point during the movement, be in a different location than it was at the start of motion (even if it ultimately returns to the origin).  So:  One special subset of translational movements includes those in which the movement ends in the same place it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the Indianapolis race trace; a trip to the grocery store and back); this subset is #$Translation-NoLocationChange (including its subset #$Translation-RoundTrip).  The other case is where the #$fromLocation and #$toLocation of a #$Movement-TranslationEvent are different; in that case, the movement event is also an element of #$Translation-LocationChange (e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by Roger Maris.)     Note that a #$Stationary object cannot be an #$objectMoving in a #$Movement-TranslationEvent, because it has a zero translational velocity.")

;;; #$Movement-TranslationProcess
(#$isa #$Movement-TranslationProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Movement-TranslationProcess #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Movement-TranslationProcess #$MovementProcess)
(#$genls #$Movement-TranslationProcess #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$Movement-TranslationProcess "#$Movement-TranslationProcess is the subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent whose elements can be pragmatically considered to be continuous processes.  In any instance of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, all time-slices of that process are also themselves elements of #$Movement-TranslationProcess.  
Note that walking is a type of #$Movement-TranslationProcess, even though it involves some nonzero accelerations and jerks.
A non-example would be a plot of the various residences you've lived in (``moved to'') over the course of your lifetime; another non-example would be Captain Kirk beaming up to the Enterprise; another would be the ``tunneling'' of an electron in a tunnel diode.
Note:  If you believe in quantum mechanics, then ultimately all physical motion is series of discrete, discontinous ``hops''.   This is where ``PRAGMATICALLY'' continuous vs. discontinuous comes in; i.e., in a quantum physics context some particular motion might be considered discontinuous, whereas in some naive everyday context that same motion is considered continuous.")

;;; #$MovementEvent
(#$isa #$MovementEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$MovementEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$MovementEvent #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$genls #$MovementEvent #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$MovementEvent "#$MovementEvent is the most general collection of events which are physical movements.  Each element of #$MovementEvent is an action primarily about some element(s) of #$PartiallyTangible rotating or translating, periodically or nonperiodically, with respect to some frame of reference which is not a part of the #$objectMoving.  Thus, Neil Armstrong stepping from the lunar landing module onto the Moon's surface is an instance of #$MovementEvent.  Another element of this collection: the turning of the Earth on its axis 31 times during the month of August 1996.  Li Xiaoshuang's compulsory floor exercise in the 1996 Olympics Men's Gymnastics Team Competition is also a (complex!) movement event.  















Note on what is NOT included in this concept:  Consider a person raising her hand and waving, or a tree whose branches are bending in a strong wind:  the person and the tree are remaining in the same place, so that person and that tree are not moving in the sense of #$MovementEvent (though the hand and the branches are).  In other words, `performers' which do not, as a whole, rotate or translate are not #$actors in any element of #$MovementEvent.  However, the waving person and tree events would have #$subEvents which DO belong to #$MovementEvent, in which a hand, a branch, etc., `moves' in this sense.  Note also that elements of #$TransformationEvent, such as a caterpillar turning into a butterfly, or of #$ShapingSomething, such as molding a piece of clay into the bust of Napoleon, are also not necessarily elements of this collection, because they do not involve motion of the whole object with respect to some frame of reference that is different from the object's.  (See also #$FrameOfReference.)















Note: When classifying something into #$MovementEvent, one should consider (1) is it translational or rotational motion?  (2) is it periodic or nonperiodic?  (3) does it involve a continuous flow or a discrete (an object or objects moving completely from one place to another) motion? (4) does it involve a location change or no location change? (5) does it involve a single pathway or more than one?  Based on the answers to those questions, one or more of these subsets of #$MovementEvent may more precisely represent the moving: #$Movement-TranslationEvent, #$Movement-Rotation, #$Movement-Periodic, #$Movement-NonPeriodic, #$Translation-Flow, #$Translation-Complete, #$Translation-SinglePath, #$Translation-MultiPath.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$MovementEvent #$SENSUS-Information1997 "MOTION-PROCESS")

;;; #$MovementProcess
(#$isa #$MovementProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$MovementProcess #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$MovementProcess #$MovementEvent)
(#$comment #$MovementProcess "#$MovementProcess is a subset of #$MovementEvent.  Its elements are those #$MovementEvents which can be considered as continuous motions.  That is, (1) motion happens without interruption throughout a #$MovementProcess, and thus (2) every time-slice of a #$MovementProcess is also a #$MovementProcess.")

;;; #$MultiDirectionalCommunication
(#$isa #$MultiDirectionalCommunication #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$MultiDirectionalCommunication #$Communicating)
(#$comment #$MultiDirectionalCommunication "A collection of complex information transfer events.  Each element of #$MultiDirectionalCommunication is an event in which more than one agent is involved as a #$senderOfInfo.  For example, a conversation or a debate, as opposed to a speech or lecture.  The predicate #$infoContributed is used to correlate each sending agent with the information s/he transmits in such an event.  For communication acts having only one sender, see #$CommunicationAct-Single.")

;;; #$MultiGraph
(#$isa #$MultiGraph #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MultiGraph #$SetWithStructure)
(#$comment #$MultiGraph "An instance of #$PathSystemType and a subcollection of #$PathSystem.  Each instance of #$MultiGraph is an instance of #$PathSystem in which the only points are nodes in the system and all paths are made of links (i.e., no intermediate points along links). Sometime such a system is called a graph or multi-graph in graph theory.  A #$MultiGraph consists of nodes interconnected by links, with loops on single nodes allowed, and with multiple links between the same two nodes also allowed.  (For a graph with no parallel links and no loops, see #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic.")

;;; #$MusclePoweredDevice
(#$isa #$MusclePoweredDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$MusclePoweredDevice #$KineticEnergyPoweredDevice)
(#$comment #$MusclePoweredDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$MusclePoweredDevice is a device which is powered by animal muscle power (including human labor); e.g., hammers, horse-drawn carriages, etc.")

;;; #$MuscleTissue
(#$isa #$MuscleTissue #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$MuscleTissue #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$MuscleTissue #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$MuscleTissue "The collection of all instances of muscle tissue, considered as an #$OrganicStuff; that is, the collection of all tissue composing the biological organs that convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.  E.g., the elements of #$Biceps, #$Triceps, #$Heart, #$Stomach, all consist of some type of #$MuscleTissue.")

;;; #$MuscularSystem
(#$isa #$MuscularSystem #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$MuscularSystem #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$MuscularSystem "The collection of all animals' muscle systems.  A #$MuscularSystem of an animal is composed of all its muscles, considered as a functional whole.  As a system, they work together to enable foot motions in locomotion, pumping in circulation, breathing in respiration, biting and chewing and swallowing in eating, etc.")

;;; #$Music
(#$isa #$Music #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Music #$SoundInformationBearingThing)
(#$comment #$Music "A collection of sounds; a subset of #$SoundInformationBearingThing.  Each element of #$Music is a sound produced by actions such as singing, whistling, playing an instrument, playing recorded music, etc.  Music has certain features that distinguish it from random noise (though recognizing them may depend upon a specific cultural background); such features usually include variations of pitch over time (i.e., melody), multiple (somehow) related pitches sounding at one time (i.e., some kind of harmony), and/or some regular temporal pattern to the component sounds (i.e., rhythm).  Examples of #$Music include: the debut performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony; Leonard Bernstein's rendition of the Ninth Symphony with the BPO in Berlin in 1989; a particular playing of a particular CD of Bernstein's 1989 Ninth in Berlin; the Messiah sing-in in Austin, TX, in 1995.")

;;; #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection
(#$isa #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection #$Collection)
(#$genls #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection #$Collection)
(#$comment #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection "A collection of collections.  Any element, X, which is an element of #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection is a collection of interval types X1, X2, X3,..., whose instances are #$temporallyDisjoint; that is, each instance of X1 has no temporal intersection with any instance of X2 or X3 or...; each instance of X2 has no temporal intersection with any instance of X1 or X3 or...; etc.  For example, consider #$DayOfWeekType, whose instances are #$Monday, #$Tuesday,...   It is true that (#$isa #$DayOfWeekType #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection), because no Monday can temporally intersect any Tuesday or Wednesday or....; no Tuesday can temporally intersect any Monday or Wednesday or...; etc.  Other elements of #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection include #$DayOfWeekType, #$CalendarSeasonType, #$HourOfDayType, and so on.  See also #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType.")

;;; #$NTupleInterval
(#$isa #$NTupleInterval #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$NTupleInterval #$Tuple)
(#$genls #$NTupleInterval #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$NTupleInterval "A collection of mathematical objects; a subset of #$Tuple.  Each element of #$NTupleInterval is a tuple (an ordered list of items) whose items are intervals.  For example, vectors and complex numbers, as well as scalar intervals (which are one-tuples).  Note that intervals in Cyc may be numerical, or they may be intervals along any scale with distinguishable gradations (e.g., riskiness, alertness, roughness of texture).")

;;; #$NamedRoadway
(#$isa #$NamedRoadway #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NamedRoadway #$Street-Generic)
(#$comment #$NamedRoadway "The collection of named parts (stretches or segments) of roadways.  (Not roadway the stuff.)  Instances are named pieces of roadways (or highways or streets) which have names and lengths, and (usually) intersect with other roads. ")

;;; #$Narrative
(#$isa #$Narrative #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Narrative #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$comment #$Narrative "A collection of pieces of information; a subset of #$PropositionalInformationThing.  Each element of #$Narrative is a recounting of events, told in sequence (or so that their temporal order is decipherable) and involving some agent or members of a set of agents.  Narratives may be factual or fictional; thus, the agents involved may be real people or fictional characters.  Examples: the #$PeloponnesianWarHistoryByThucydides, the #$Frankenstein-Novel of Mary Shelley, Mark Twain's #$AdventuresOfHuckleberryFinn.")

;;; #$NationalOrganization
(#$isa #$NationalOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NationalOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$NationalOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$NationalOrganization is an organization which has nationwide `scope' -- that is, nationwide distribution (throughout some #$Country) of members and/or activities, as opposed to to local, state-wide or international organizations.  Examples: the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Daughters of the American Revolution in the United States; the Red Guards and the Young Pioneers in China (PROC).")

;;; #$NationalPostalService
(#$isa #$NationalPostalService #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NationalPostalService #$ServiceOrganization)
(#$genls #$NationalPostalService #$LegalGovernmentOrganization)
(#$comment #$NationalPostalService "A collection of national postal services run by the governments of their particular countries.  The United States Postal Service would be an example, but United Parcel Service, since it is a private business, wouldn't be.")

;;; #$NationalTaxAgency
(#$isa #$NationalTaxAgency #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NationalTaxAgency #$LegalGovernmentOrganization)
(#$comment #$NationalTaxAgency "A collection of government organizations.  An element of #$NationalTaxAgency is a revenue agency that is part of the government of a #$Country and which is concerned primarily with collecting tax money (from national taxes) from the residents of that #$Country.  This collection does NOT include customs agencies and agencies that collect minor fees only.")

;;; #$Nationality
(#$isa #$Nationality #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Nationality #$HumanCultureType)
(#$comment #$Nationality "A collection of collections.  Each #$Nationality is the set of people resident in (or visiting for a long term) some country -- e.g., #$AmericanPerson, #$TrinidadAndTobagoPerson, etc.")

;;; #$NaturalLanguage
(#$isa #$NaturalLanguage #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$NaturalLanguage #$Language)
(#$comment #$NaturalLanguage "The collection of languages which are used for human communication and evolved naturally. This includes dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin but excludes concocted languages such as Esperanto.")

;;; #$NaturalTangibleStuff
(#$isa #$NaturalTangibleStuff #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$NaturalTangibleStuff #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$NaturalTangibleStuff "A collection of naturally occurring tangible things.  Each element of #$NaturalTangibleStuff is a naturally occurring tangible thing, including, for example, elements of its subsets #$EarthStuff, #$Wood, and #$Air.  Man-made materials are NOT included in #$NaturalTangibleStuff.")

;;; #$NavalShipBase
(#$isa #$NavalShipBase #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NavalShipBase #$ContactLocation)
(#$genls #$NavalShipBase #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject)
(#$genls #$NavalShipBase #$GroundsOfOrganization)
(#$comment #$NavalShipBase "The collection of all naval bases with facilities for #$ModernNavalShips, or operated by a #$Navy.")

;;; #$Navigating
(#$isa #$Navigating #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Navigating #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Navigating #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$Navigating #$Thinking)
(#$comment #$Navigating "The collection of all events in which the performer determines the location of an object in some frame of reference, and determines the direction the object should travel to reach some destination.  Navigating usually involves using some devices (compass, clock, etc.) as aids")

;;; #$NavigationDevice
(#$isa #$NavigationDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NavigationDevice #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$NavigationDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$NavigationDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$NavigationDevice is a device used for #$Navigating, i.e., for taking the bearings and plotting the course of someone or something travelling through some medium, usually in some transportation device.  Instances include the simplest elements of #$Compass, but also sophisticated GPS (geopositioning systems utilizing satellites.)")

;;; #$Navy
(#$isa #$Navy #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Navy #$MilitaryOrganization)
(#$comment #$Navy "A collection of military organizations.  An element of #$Navy is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of seaborne forces and/or forces responsible for military operations on water and adjacent coastal areas.  Includes battleships and aircraft carriers (with their battle groups), submarines, shore patrol vessels, and special forces, as well as the support personnel of naval bases.")

;;; #$NavyPersonnel
(#$isa #$NavyPersonnel #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$NavyPersonnel #$MilitaryPerson)
(#$comment #$NavyPersonnel "A collection of people, a subset 
of #$MilitaryPerson. Each element of this collection is
somebody who works for a #$Navy.")

;;; #$NegativeInteger
(#$isa #$NegativeInteger #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$NegativeInteger #$Integer)
(#$genls #$NegativeInteger #$NegativeNumber)
(#$comment #$NegativeInteger "#$NegativeInteger is a subset of #$Integer.  Each element of #$NegativeInteger is a whole number less than zero; thus, -4, but not 0 or 4 or -4.3.")

;;; #$NegativeNumber
(#$isa #$NegativeNumber #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$NegativeNumber #$RealNumber)
(#$comment #$NegativeNumber "#$NegativeNumber is a subset of #$RealNumber.  Each element of #$NegativeNumber is a real number that is less than zero; thus, it includes -0.17, but not 0 or 5 or 0.17.")

;;; #$Negotiating
(#$isa #$Negotiating #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Negotiating #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Negotiating #$Communicating)
(#$genls #$Negotiating #$Thinking)
(#$comment #$Negotiating "A collection of #$Communicating events.  In a #$Negotiating, an #$Agent communicates facts and changes in the #$Agent's attitude or conditions to another #$Agent, with the (ostensible) purpose of their reaching an #$Agreement.")

;;; #$NervousSystem
(#$isa #$NervousSystem #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$NervousSystem #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$NervousSystem #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$NervousSystem "The collection of all animals' nervous systems.  A #$NervousSystem is composed of all its nerves, brain, etc., and enables the animal to sense things and react to them both by instinct (spinal reflex) and deliberation (brain).")

;;; #$Nervousness
(#$isa #$Nervousness #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Nervousness #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Nervousness "Feeling of nervousness and excitability.  One can be nervous ABOUT something in particular, or one can have undirected feelings of anxiety.   For the former, state an assertion of the form (#$feelsTowardsObject ?AGT ?OBJ #$Nervousness ?DEGREE) or (#$feelsTowardsEvent ?AGT ?EVNT #$Nervousness ?DEGREE); but for the latter (undirected feelings of anxiety) use (#$feelsEmotion ?AGT #$Nervousness).
Note: This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  A more specialized #$FeelingAttributeType than #$Nervousness is #$Panic.")

;;; #$Neutron
(#$isa #$Neutron #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Neutron #$Nucleon)
(#$comment #$Neutron "A collection of objects; a subset of #$Nucleon.  Each instance of #$Neutron is a nucleon which has an #$ElectricalCharge of 0.")

;;; #$News
(#$isa #$News #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$News #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$comment #$News "A collection of abstract (intangible) informational items.  Each element of #$News consists of some factual information about recent events in the world (or #$geographicalSubRegions thereof).  News is commonly embodied in newspapers and communicated through radio and television news broadcasts.")

;;; #$Night
(#$isa #$Night #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Night #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Night #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Night "#$Night is the temporal complement of #$DaytimeHours:  each #$Night is #$contiguousAfter one #$DaytimeHours, and vice versa.  Each #$Night intersects two different #$CalendarDays.  Each #$Night is #$temporallyStartedBy a #$Dusk, #$temporallyFinishedBy a #$Dawn, #$contiguousAfter a #$Sunset, and has a #$Sunrise which is #$contiguousAfter it.")

;;; #$NoAmountFn
(#$isa #$NoAmountFn #$GenericValueFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$NoAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$NoAmountFn #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$arg1Genl #$NoAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$NoAmountFn "NoAmountFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' values for a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (#$NoAmountFn ATT) returns a zero amount of ATT.  For example, (#$NoAmountFn #$Elasticity) represents zero elasticity and is the property of things that don't re-expand at all following compression; e.g.,instances of #$Ceramic, #$Silicon, or #$Sugar-Generic.")

;;; #$NobleGas
(#$isa #$NobleGas #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$NobleGas #$ElementStuff)
(#$comment #$NobleGas "All pieces of all substances that are comprised of one type of noble gas")

;;; #$NodeFn
(#$isa #$NodeFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$NodeFn #$SetOrCollection)
(#$arg1Isa #$NodeFn #$Thing)
(#$comment #$NodeFn "For each #$PathSystem SYS, (#$NodeFn SYS) denotes the set of all nodes in SYS (see #$PathSystem).  Note that the function #$NodeFn and the predicate #$nodeInSystem are interdefinable.  We normally use #$NodeFn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can replace each (#$nodeInSystem X SYS) by (#$elementOf X (#$NodeFn SYS)).")

;;; #$NonExclusiveUserRights
(#$isa #$NonExclusiveUserRights #$UserRightsAttribute)
(#$comment #$NonExclusiveUserRights "An attribute of an object with respect to an #$Agent, meaning that the #$Agent has non-exclusive use of the object.  All #$Agents can claim this use-right to an object if any #$Agent can.  This attribute is not the same as #$GroupUserRightsAttribute, as there is no specific group to which #$Agents must belong in order to claim this right.  This is typically used for things so fundamental we hardly consider them `rights.'  E.g., the right to breathe air, use public parking lots, walk the streets as a free person, drive on public roads, etc.  If you think about it, though, you'll realize that there is an implicit `group' that can exercise each of those rights.  So think of it this way:  one can define the group explicitly as a group, and then assert that each member has #$GroupUserRightsAttribute (e.g., the group of licensed drivers has the right to drive on public roads), or one could define a context, a #$Microtheory, in which performers of actions defaulted to members of that group, and in that context the right (e.g., the right to drive on a public road) would be a #$NonExclusiveUserRights.")

;;; #$NonLeapYear
(#$isa #$NonLeapYear #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$NonLeapYear #$CalendarYear)
(#$comment #$NonLeapYear "The collection of #$CalendarYears which are not leap years; i.e., calendar years in which February has 28 days")

;;; #$NonNegativeInteger
(#$isa #$NonNegativeInteger #$Collection)
(#$isa #$NonNegativeInteger #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$NonNegativeInteger #$Integer)
(#$genls #$NonNegativeInteger #$NonNegativeScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$NonNegativeInteger #$NonNegativeNumber)
(#$comment #$NonNegativeInteger "#$NonNegativeInteger is the subset of #$Integer that excludes the negative integers.  Each element of #$NonNegativeInteger is a whole number greater than or equal to zero, e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, ....")

;;; #$NonNegativeNumber
(#$isa #$NonNegativeNumber #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$NonNegativeNumber #$RealNumber)
(#$comment #$NonNegativeNumber "#$NonNegativeNumber is the subset of #$RealNumber that excludes the negative reals.  Each element of #$NonNegativeNumber is a  number greater than or equal to zero, e.g., 0, 0.173, Pi, 4, 101, ....")

;;; #$NonNegativeScalarInterval
(#$isa #$NonNegativeScalarInterval #$Collection)
(#$genls #$NonNegativeScalarInterval #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$NonNegativeScalarInterval "For a measurable non-negative quantity, the ordered sequence of possible values may be thought of as a line. #$NonNegativeScalarIntervals are the line segments (or points) on such a line,  representing a range of consecutive values, all equal to or greater than 0.  The most common case is where the line is just the non-negative part of the Real Number Line, and in fact where the #$NonNegativeScalarInterval is either a contiguous set of points there (i.e., a range of numbers) or just a single point there (i.e., a number). Another common case is where the line has some unit of measure marked off, such as meters.")

;;; #$NonPersonAnimal
(#$isa #$NonPersonAnimal #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NonPersonAnimal #$Animal)
(#$comment #$NonPersonAnimal "The collection of all #$Animals that are not #$Persons.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$NonPersonAnimal #$SENSUS-Information1997 "NONHUMAN-ANIMAL")

;;; #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate
(#$isa #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate #$PartPredicate)
(#$comment #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate "A collection of predicates. Instances of #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate are used to describe the relationship between a #$PartiallyIntangible and its non-physical parts.")

;;; #$NonPoweredDevice
(#$isa #$NonPoweredDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NonPoweredDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$NonPoweredDevice "A collection of tangible objects; a subset of #$PhysicalDevice.  An instance of #$NonPoweredDevice is a device which is `inert' as opposed to being powered in any way.  Non-powered devices do not need to have any kind of energy supplied to them in order to function -- not even kinetic energy supplied by a user (except perhaps to move them into place).  E.g., a coat hanger.  Once you hang a coat up on it, it does its function without any motion, without any energy being converted or used, etc.  So this collection is a much smaller collection that than consisting merely of devices which don't require fuel or electricity (e.g., a hammer).  It should be noted that an inert device need not be #$Stationary during use (though many are); for example, tires are inert devices in the sense that once they are placed on a vehicle they don't require any energy input to do their job, which is, in essence `hanging onto a wheel no matter what!'.  A steering wheel, on the other hand, is not a #$NonPoweredDevice.  Further examples of #$NonPoweredDevices include a table, a floor mat, a bookshelf, an auto ramp, a bookmark, a support column, and a shirt.")

;;; #$NonPredicateFunction
(#$isa #$NonPredicateFunction #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$NonPredicateFunction #$Collection)
(#$genls #$NonPredicateFunction #$FunctionTheMathematicalType)
(#$comment #$NonPredicateFunction "The collection of functions in the Cyc language whose uses are to be treated as NATs (non-atomic terms).  In other words, these functions, when applied to arguments, form new terms that may then freely appear as arguments in other CycL expressions.  For example, consider #$GovernmentFn.  It takes one argument, such as #$France, and the resulting NAT --- in this case (#$GovernmentFn #$France) --- can be used anywhere in CycL expressions that an instance of #$RegionalGovernment could occur.  We could, instead, have created a specific new term `GovernmentOfFrance', asserted that it #$isa #$RegionalGovernment, etc., but by having NATs we can drastically reduce the total size of the Cyc vocabulary of constant terms.  



This collection does not include: 

1) abstract functions, like the one-to-one function that must exist between the positive integers and the rational numbers; 

2) Lambda functions (functions which bind variables in arbitrary CycL expressions; #$TheSetOf is an example); 

3) Predicates.  Predicates can be thought of as functions from a set of arguments to a truth value.  Wffs that start with a predicate can even serve as terms, i.e., as arguments to other predicates, but when they do so they can't just be replaced with their truth value!  So #$Predicate is a subset of #$FunctionTheMathematicalType but not a subset of #$NonPredicateFunction.")

;;; #$NonProfitCorporation
(#$isa #$NonProfitCorporation #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NonProfitCorporation #$LegalCorporation)
(#$genls #$NonProfitCorporation #$NonProfitOrganization)
(#$comment #$NonProfitCorporation "A collection of corporations; a subset of both #$LegalCorporation and #$NonProfitOrganization.  An element of #$NonProfitCorporation is a #$LegalCorporation which is engaged in non-profit or not-for-profit activities.  Typically, (unlike commercial corporations,) non-profit corporations have no shareholders or owners, although they are commonly governed by a board (cf. #$BoardOfDirectors).  Many non-profit organizations are incorporated, including charities, political action groups, clubs, and political parties.  Most have official non-profit standing with a government.  Because they are non-profit organizations, non-profit corporations do not pay corporate income taxes.  For the broader class of non-profit entities, see #$NonProfitOrganization.")

;;; #$NonProfitEmployee
(#$isa #$NonProfitEmployee #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$NonProfitEmployee #$Professional)
(#$comment #$NonProfitEmployee "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$NonProfitEmployee is a worker who is employed by a non-profit organization such as a college, museum, or charity foundation.")

;;; #$NonProfitOrganization
(#$isa #$NonProfitOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NonProfitOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$NonProfitOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$NonProfitOrganization is an organization whose activities are not conducted for the profit of any owner.  Thus, non-profit organizations are typically exempt from business taxes.  Most non-profit organizations are charities, clubs, schools, political action groups, political parties, or churches.  See also the specialization #$NonProfitCorporation.")

;;; #$NonPublishedText
(#$isa #$NonPublishedText #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NonPublishedText #$TextualMaterial)
(#$comment #$NonPublishedText "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  #$NonPublishedText is that subset of #$TextualMaterial whose elements are text that has not yet been published (such as a rejected book manuscript) and may not even be intended for publication (such as a memo or personal letter).")

;;; #$NonVerbalCommunicating
(#$isa #$NonVerbalCommunicating #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$NonVerbalCommunicating #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$NonVerbalCommunicating #$Communicating)
(#$comment #$NonVerbalCommunicating "A collection of information
transfer events; a subset of #$Communicating.  Each element of
#$NonVerbalCommunicating is a transmission of information by means of
some bodily movement other than speaking.  Subsets include
#$ShakingHands and #$Cuddling, since such actions by definition are
communications involving two actors.  (Note that #$MakingAGesture
(q.v.) is NOT a subset of #$NonVerbalCommunicating; instances of
#$MakingAGesture are merely information-encodings.  They may or may
not be #$subEvents of #$NonVerbalCommunicating events.)")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$NonVerbalCommunicating #$SENSUS-Information1997 "NON-VERBAL-COMMUNICATIVE-ACT")

;;; #$NonintrusiveJunction
(#$isa #$NonintrusiveJunction #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$NonintrusiveJunction #$JunctionOfPaths)
(#$comment #$NonintrusiveJunction "The collection of junctions or crossings of #$Path-Generics in each of which: one path crosses, or its end joins the side of, another path of the same, or possibly a completely different, type, without so intruding upon or affecting the path as to cause it to be different in nature or name on either side of that junction. (Examples: A small side street joins a major boulevard and the boulevard does not change name or size at the junction.  A hallway ends at another hall, but only allows looking through a window into it.  A railroad crossing.  A small vein is one of the #$sideBranches of a large vein and the name of the large vein doesn't change at that point.)")

;;; #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject
(#$isa #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject #$LinguisticObject)
(#$comment #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject "The collection of linguistic objects which are not morphemes, but which nonetheless make up part of a language system; e.g., the parts of speech.")

;;; #$North-Directly
(#$isa #$North-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$isa #$North-Directly #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$genlAttributes #$North-Directly #$North-Generally)
(#$comment #$North-Directly "Due North, an element of #$TerrestrialDirection.")

;;; #$North-Generally
(#$isa #$North-Generally #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$North-Generally "The general direction of North.  The element of #$VectorInterval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of #$North-Directly.")

;;; #$NorthEast-Directly
(#$isa #$NorthEast-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$isa #$NorthEast-Directly #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$NorthEast-Directly "The precise Northeast direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; #$NorthEast-Generally
(#$isa #$NorthEast-Generally #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$NorthEast-Generally "The general direction of NorthEast.  The #$VectorInterval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as #$NorthEast-Directly.")

;;; #$NorthWest-Directly
(#$isa #$NorthWest-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$isa #$NorthWest-Directly #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$NorthWest-Directly "The precise Northwest direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; #$NorthWest-Generally
(#$isa #$NorthWest-Generally #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$NorthWest-Generally "The general direction of NorthWest.  The #$VectorInterval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as #$NorthWest-Directly.")

;;; #$Nose
(#$isa #$Nose #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$Nose #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Nose #$Sensor)
(#$genls #$Nose #$Organ)
(#$comment #$Nose "Facial organ used in smelling and breathing")

;;; #$NoteAboutGivingGenericValueFunctionsNumericValues
(#$isa #$NoteAboutGivingGenericValueFunctionsNumericValues #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$NoteAboutGivingGenericValueFunctionsNumericValues "In some contexts, users may wish to ground elements of #$GenericValueFunction by linking them to numeric `real world' measurements.  E.g. In a driving-on-the-highway-context, one might wish to define (#$MediumAmountFn #$Speed) as `between 50 and 60 miles per hour'.  The way to assert this is as follows:  (#$and (#$minQuantValue (#$MediumAmountFn #$Speed) (#$MilesPerHour 50))(#$maxQuantValue (#$MediumAmountFn #$Speed)(#$MilesPerHour 60))).")

;;; #$NoteAboutPredicateCategories
(#$isa #$NoteAboutPredicateCategories #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$NoteAboutPredicateCategories "Predicates in Cyc are organized into collections.  While some, like #$BinaryPredicate, are logically well-founded and are referenced in axioms and in the code which implements Cyc, others, though based on some intuitively plausible criteria, are involved in few (if any) axioms and are therefore not integral to Cyc's ontology.  Collections which fall into the latter class are generally under review at this time and are flagged with this #$sharedNotes.")

;;; #$NoteAboutScalarIntervalMaxAndMin
(#$isa #$NoteAboutScalarIntervalMaxAndMin #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$NoteAboutScalarIntervalMaxAndMin "If there are two arguments to a #$UnitOfMeasure function, as in (#$Meter 5 6), the first number is interpreted as the (inclusive) minimum, and the second number as the (inclusive) maximum.  Thus, (#$Meter 5 6) means `between 5 and 6 meters long, inclusive'.  If only one argument follows an element of #$UnitOfMeasure, as in (#$Meter 3), it is interpreted as a shorthand for (#$Meter 3 3).  In other words, (#$Meter 3 3) means `exactly 3 meters'.  When a function belonging to #$UnitOfMeasure is applied to a single argument, the value it returns must be an element of #$ScalarPointValue.")

;;; #$NoteAboutStatingExceptionsInCycL
(#$isa #$NoteAboutStatingExceptionsInCycL #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$NoteAboutStatingExceptionsInCycL "The formula
  (#$exceptWhen
    P(?x0 ... ?xn)
    Q(?x0 ... ?xn)))

states that, in situations where assertion Q would apply to a set of
bindings for variables ?x0 ... ?xn, the conclusion is allowed 
`except when'
  P(?x0 ... ?xn)
is true for these variable bindings.  The formula
  (#$exceptFor [term] Q(?x0))
states that, in situations where assertion Q would apply to a variable
?x0, the conclusion is allowed `except for' the situations where [term]
is the binding for ?x0.  To be well-formed, Q must be a rule with
exactly one free variable.

By definition, #$exceptFor is merely syntactic sugar:
  (#$exceptFor [term] Q(?x0)) 
  <=> 
  (#$exceptWhen (equals ?x0 [term]) Q(?x0))
Since an #$exceptWhen statement is a meta-statement about some rule 
Q(?x0 ... ?xn), the statement is not well-formed if Q(?x0 ... ?xn) is
not already an assertion in the KB.  Also, strictly speaking, P and Q in
the #$exceptWhen merely must share some variables rather than all
variables as it's been written above.

These constructs replace `abnormal' at the EL (epistemological level).  Old assertions of the form:

  (#$implies
    P(?x0 ... ?xn)
    (abnormal R(?x0 ... ?xn) Q(?x0 ... ?xn)))

become:

  (#$exceptWhen
    P(?x0 ... ?xn)
    Q(?x0 ... ?xn))

The predicate `abnormal' has not actually gone away, but was modified for use as the HL (Heuristic Level) implementation of #$exceptWhen.  Like #$termOfUnit, `abnormal' should be viewed as an inference-maintained predicate, and human beings should not be manually asserting things using `abnormal.' 

;;;
;; EXAMPLES
;;;

Rule1: `birds fly'
(#$implies
  (#$isa ?BIRD #$Bird)
  (#$behaviorCapable ?BIRD #$Flying-FlappingWings #$performedBy))

Exception1: `for penguins, the ``birds fly'' rule does not apply'
(#$exceptWhen (#$isa ?BIRD #$Penguin) [Rule1])

Exception2: `the ``birds fly'' rule does not apply to Tweety'
(#$exceptFor Tweety [Rule1])

Exception3: `for an animal with an injured wing, the ``birds fly'' rule does not apply'
(#$exceptWhen
  (#and (#$anatomicalParts ?BIRD ?WING) (#$isa ?WING #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart) (#$hasPhysiologicalAttributes ?WING #$Injured))
  [Rule1])

Rule2: ``dogs who like the same cat like each other''
(#$implies
 (?and  (#$isa ?DOG1 #$Dog) (#$isa ?DOG2 #$Dog) (#$isa ?CAT #$Cat) (#$likesAsFriend ?DOG1 ?CAT) (#$likesAsFriend ?DOG2 ?CAT))
 (#$likesAsFriend ?DOG1 ?DOG2))

Exception3: `Rex does not like other dogs according to ``Rule2'''
(#$exceptWhen (#$equals ?DOG1 Rex) [Rule2])

Exception4: `Fifi is not liked by other dogs according to `Rule2'''
(#$exceptWhen (#$equals ?DOG2 Fifi) [Rule2])

Exception5: `Morris is not such a cat according to ``Rule2'''
(#$exceptWhen (#$equals ?CAT Morris) [Rule2])")

;;; #$NoteForUnitOfMeasureWithPrefixAndNoPrefix
(#$isa #$NoteForUnitOfMeasureWithPrefixAndNoPrefix #$SharedNote)
(#$comment #$NoteForUnitOfMeasureWithPrefixAndNoPrefix "Elements of #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix denote units of measure that don't have a multiplicative prefix (e.g. `kilo', `micro', `billion').  #$Inch and #$MetersPerSecond are such elements.  On the other hand, elements of #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix do have multiplicative prefixes; examples include #$CentimetersPerSecond, (#$Micro #$Gram), #$KiloWatt, and #$GramsPerMilliliter.  We need these constants in order to prevent references to terms such as ((#$Micro (#$Micro #$Gram)) 5) or ((#$Kilo (#$CentimetersPerSecond)) 3.2).  If we didn't have these restrictions, equal quantities would allow for an undesirable level of possible names for a quantity, e.g. ((#$Micro (#$Kilo #$Gram)) 1) would refer to the same quantity as ((#$Kilo (#$Micro #$Gram)) 1) would refer to the same quantity as (#$Gram .001), etc.")

;;; #$November
(#$isa #$November #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$November #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$Now
(#$isa #$Now #$IndexicalConcept)
(#$isa #$Now #$TimePoint)
(#$comment #$Now "#$Now is a special #$TimePoint which denotes the `current' moment.  The exact interpretation will vary from one context to another.  In a problem solving context it often means `the time at which the inference is occuring'.")

;;; #$Nth
(#$isa #$Nth #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$Nth #$Thing)
(#$arg1Isa #$Nth #$Series)
(#$arg2Isa #$Nth #$PositiveInteger)
(#$comment #$Nth "(#$Nth SER N) denotes the Nth member of the series SER, provided that N is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the #$seriesLength of SER.")

;;; #$NuclearPoweredDevice
(#$isa #$NuclearPoweredDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$NuclearPoweredDevice #$PoweredDevice)
(#$comment #$NuclearPoweredDevice "A collection of physical devices; a subset of #$PoweredDevice.  An instance of #$NuclearPoweredDevice is a device which uses nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reactions as a source of power.  Examples include elements of #$NuclearSubmarine and #$NuclearWeapon.")

;;; #$Nucleon
(#$isa #$Nucleon #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Nucleon #$SubAtomicParticle)
(#$comment #$Nucleon "A collection of objects; a subset of #$SubAtomicParticle.  Each instance of #$Nucleon is a subatomic particle normally found in some atomic nucleus.   #$Nucleon has two subsets, #$Proton and #$Neutron.  Every instance of #$AtomicNucleus is composed of some number of #$Nucleons.")

;;; #$NucleusFn
(#$isa #$NucleusFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$NucleusFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$NucleusFn #$AtomicNucleus)
(#$arg1Isa #$NucleusFn #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons)
(#$arg1Genl #$NucleusFn #$ElementStuff)
(#$comment #$NucleusFn "#$NucleusFn is a Cyc function, specifically a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  #$NucleusFn takes an instance of #$ElementStuffTypeByNumberOfProtons (q.v.) as its single argument and returns a collection of all the atomic nucleii belonging to element-stuff of that type.  Thus, (#$NucleusFn E) denotes a subset of #$AtomicNucleus whose elements all have the same number of protons. For example, (#$NucleusFn #$Carbon) is the collection of #$Carbon nuclei, each of which has six protons.")

;;; #$Number-General
(#$isa #$Number-General #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Number-General #$MathematicalObject)
(#$comment #$Number-General "A collection of mathematical
objects. This is the most general class of numbers,
including #$RealNumbers, #$ComplexNumbers, various
values of infinity such as Aleph Null, and whatever else might count
as a number in mathematics.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Number-General #$SENSUS-Information1997 "NUMBER")

;;; #$NumericComparison
(#$isa #$NumericComparison #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$NumericComparison #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$NumericComparison "A collection comprising the predicates used to compare elements of #$ScalarInterval.  Examples: #$greaterThanOrEqualTo, #$greaterThan, #$numericallyEqual.  Note that `less than' and `less than or equal to' are simply inverses of #$greaterThan and #$greaterThanOrEqualTo.  E.g., in Cyc `A is less than B' is written as (#$greaterThan B A).")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$NumericComparison #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SCALED-COMPARISON")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$NumericComparison #$SENSUS-Information1997 "NUMBER-FOCUSING")

;;; #$Nurse
(#$isa #$Nurse #$MedicalSpecialtyType)
(#$genls #$Nurse #$MedicalCareProfessional)
(#$comment #$Nurse "The class of health professionals who provide various aspects of hands-on health care to patients.  Nurses do not usually diagnose or decide on treatments, but they administer medicines and treatments, perform medical tests, give regular care to hospitalized patients, etc.")

;;; #$Nutrient
(#$isa #$Nutrient #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Nutrient #$EdibleStuff)
(#$comment #$Nutrient "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of #$Nutrient is a substances considered necessary or beneficial in the diet of a person or animal.  Nutrients in food or pills are often listed on the package label.  Some types of #$Nutrient include its subsets #$EdibleSodium, #$Protein, #$EdibleCalcium, #$EdibleIron, #$Vitamin.")

;;; #$ObjectType
(#$isa #$ObjectType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ObjectType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$ObjectType "A collection of collections.  Elements of #$ObjectType more or less correspond to count nouns in the following way: If COL is an element of #$ObjectType, and ITEM is any element of COL, then if you divide ITEM into two pieces, you do NOT generally end up with two elements of COL.  Another way of thinking of this is:  If you take several elements of COL, and put them together, the result is generally not another element of COL.  Sample instances of #$ObjectType are #$Automobile (the set of all cars);  #$LeapYear (the set of all leap years).  See the comment for #$StuffType to find out more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$ExistingObjectType.")

;;; #$ObtainingPermission
(#$isa #$ObtainingPermission #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$ObtainingPermission #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ObtainingPermission #$Transaction)
(#$comment #$ObtainingPermission "The collection of events in which one #$Agent gets permission from another #$Agent to do something.")

;;; #$OccupationType
(#$isa #$OccupationType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$OccupationType #$PersonByActivityType)
(#$genls #$OccupationType #$PositionType)
(#$comment #$OccupationType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$OccupationType is a collection of workers, based on their kinds of work; each of those workers is an element of (#$isa) #$Professional.  Elements of #$OccupationType represent all kinds of jobs, not just the kinds of occupations colloquially considered `professional'.  Elements of #$OccupationType include the collections #$ComputerProgrammerProfessional, #$FoodServiceEmployee, #$MedicalCareProfessional, #$BaseballUmpire, #$SalesRepresentative, #$Brewer, #$Gymnast, and many others.  Also see #$Professional, #$PositionType.")

;;; #$Ocean
(#$isa #$Ocean #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType)
(#$genls #$Ocean #$Sea)
(#$comment #$Ocean "A collection of topographical features.  Each instance of #$Ocean is one of the oceans of the world.  This includes #$TheOceanSea, the interconnected expanse of salt water covering 71% of the Earth's surface, and of which the other oceans are subregions.  Examples: #$AtlanticOcean, #$ArcticOcean, #$IndianOcean, #$PacificOcean.")

;;; #$OceanLiner
(#$isa #$OceanLiner #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OceanLiner #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$OceanLiner #$Ship)
(#$comment #$OceanLiner "The subcollection of Ship that contains all ocean liners, i.e., ships that by design can transport a large number of people across oceans.")

;;; #$October
(#$isa #$October #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$October #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$Offer
(#$isa #$Offer #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Offer #$IllocutionaryForce)
(#$comment #$Offer "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of #$Offer consists of a piece of information contained (perhaps implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention of volunteering to perform the action described in that utterance and/or to bring about the situation described therein, on the condition that the listener accept the offer.  An offer may be made with additional conditions as well.  When an offer is accepted (and all conditions are true), the speaker of the offer incurs an obligation.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.  See also #$IllocutionaryForce, #$Offering-CommunicationAct.")

;;; #$Offering-CommunicationAct
(#$isa #$Offering-CommunicationAct #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Offering-CommunicationAct #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Offering-CommunicationAct #$CommunicationAct-Single)
(#$comment #$Offering-CommunicationAct "A collection of actions, many of which are speech acts.
In each element of this collection,
somebody offers to do something, furnish something, make
something the case, etc. See also the
#$IllocutionaryForce associated with these actions,
#$Offer.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Offering-CommunicationAct #$SENSUS-Information1997 "OFFER")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Offering-CommunicationAct #$SENSUS-Information1997 "COMMISSIVE-ACT")

;;; #$OfficialDocument
(#$isa #$OfficialDocument #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OfficialDocument #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$OfficialDocument "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of #$OfficialDocument is a document that can be used as the basis, proof, or support of some fact (such as a person's nationality, marital status, credit, or qualifications; or the ownership or transfer of property; etc.).  Official documents are typically generated, issued, and certified by the relevant institutions (as with passports or stock certificates), but they also include unique personal documents (such as holographic wills) which meet certain standards to be accepted in support of facts. Examples of #$OfficialDocument: birth certificates, tax returns, passports, insurance policies, postage stamps, receipts, packing slips, student ID cards, etc.")

;;; #$Ohm
(#$isa #$Ohm #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Ohm #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$Ohm #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Ohm #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Ohm "The standard unit of electrical resistance.  The resistance of a circuit in which a 1-#$Volt #$ElectricalPotentialDifference produces a 1-#$Coulomb #$ElectricalCurrent.")

;;; #$Oil
(#$isa #$Oil #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Oil #$OrganicStuff)
(#$comment #$Oil "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Oil is a piece of some type of typically viscous, primarily hydrophobic liquid hydrocarbon.  For example, portions of #$HeatingOil, #$MotorOil, #$PeanutOil, #$OliveOil, etc.")

;;; #$Omnivore
(#$isa #$Omnivore #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Omnivore #$Organism-Whole)
(#$comment #$Omnivore "The collection of organisms that feed on both plants and animals, and possibly other things.  Subsets of #$Omnivore include, for example, #$Person, #$Pig, and #$Bear.")

;;; #$OneStoryBuilding
(#$isa #$OneStoryBuilding #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OneStoryBuilding #$Building)
(#$comment #$OneStoryBuilding "Collection of all one story buildings.")

;;; #$Opaque
(#$isa #$Opaque #$Transparency)
(#$comment #$Opaque "#$Opaque is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency.  #$Opaque objects do not transmit light.  See also #$transparencyOfObject.")

;;; #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval
(#$isa #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval "#$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval, a subset of #$ScalarInterval, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties.  The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds.  In Cyc, we can identify the significant intervals for any measurable property.  For example, for #$Time, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: #$AFewSecondsDuration, #$AFewMinutesDuration, #$AFewHoursDuration, #$AFewDaysDuration, #$AFewWeeksDuration, etc.  Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property.  Moreover, orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for #$Time in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities.  



Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also elements of #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it).  That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different elements of #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval which are also elements of the same type of #$AttributeValue (e.g., #$Speed, #$Mass, #$Density), then one is negligible with respect to the other.  To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a #$followingValue of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1.  See also #$negligibleWRT, #$followingValue.  The predicate #$orderOfMagnitude (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate element of #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval.  For example, two days -- in Cyc, (#$DaysDuration 2) -- has the #$orderOfMagnitude #$AFewDaysDuration.")

;;; #$Ordering-CommunicationAct
(#$isa #$Ordering-CommunicationAct #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Ordering-CommunicationAct #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Ordering-CommunicationAct #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$Ordering-CommunicationAct #$Requesting-CommunicationAct)
(#$comment #$Ordering-CommunicationAct "A collection of actions, many of which are speech acts.
In each element of this collection, somebody orders
somebody to do something. See also the #$IllocutionaryForce
associated with this action, #$Command.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Ordering-CommunicationAct #$SENSUS-Information1997 "COMMAND")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Ordering-CommunicationAct #$SENSUS-Information1997 "DIRECTIVE-ACT")

;;; #$Organ
(#$isa #$Organ #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Organ #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Organ #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Organ "The collection of all the #$Organs of #$Animals; i.e., the #$AnimalBodyParts that have specialized physiological functions and which are more or less localized in the animal.  For example: a heart, a kidney, etc.  A borderline case of this is a person's (whole) skin; in some contexts, it is treated as a sense organ, and in some contexts it is excluded because it is distributed over their entire body.")

;;; #$OrganicStuff
(#$isa #$OrganicStuff #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$OrganicStuff #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$OrganicStuff "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$OrganicStuff is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic #$Molecule.  Instances of #$OrganicStuff usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things.  Since some organic substances can be synthesized, #$OrganicStuff is not a subset of #$NaturalTangibleStuff.  Chemically, instances of #$OrganicStuff have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures.  Examples include the elements of the collections #$Oil, #$DNA, #$Alcohol-Compound, #$Ivory, #$AnimalBodyPart.")

;;; #$Organism-Whole
(#$isa #$Organism-Whole #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Organism-Whole #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$Organism-Whole "The collection of all elements of #$BiologicalLivingObject which are wholes, not parts of other biological living objects (BLOs).  Most members of #$Organism-Whole are capable of existing and reproducing while physically separate from other organisms (with allowances for sexual reproduction).  Abnormal BLOs which are nonetheless considered to belong to #$Organism-Whole include elements of #$Virus, as well as sterile hybrids and colony organisms like those in slime molds or the elements of #$PortugueseManOfWar.  All of those organisms operate by DNA- and RNA-controlled mechanisms.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Organism-Whole #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ANIMATE-OBJECT")

;;; #$OrganismClassificationType
(#$isa #$OrganismClassificationType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$OrganismClassificationType #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$genls #$OrganismClassificationType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$OrganismClassificationType "A collection of collections; #$OrganismClassificationType is the collection of all biological types used to classify animals, plants, or other elements of #$Organism-Whole.  The scientific types in #$OrganismClassificationType may or may not correspond to naive categories of organisms, and, in addition, although they are scientific, they might not be officially accepted biological taxons at the standard taxonomic levels.  (#$Invertebrate is an example.)  Compare #$BiologicalTaxonType.







Note that #$OrganismClassificationType is an element of #$SiblingDisjointCollection; hence, any two instances of #$OrganismClassificationType can be assumed to be disjoint, unless we know that one is a subset of the other (also see #$SiblingDisjointCollection).")

;;; #$OrganismPart
(#$isa #$OrganismPart #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrganismPart #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$OrganismPart "The collection of all the anatomical parts of all living organisms.  It includes gross anatomical parts and microscopic anatomical parts of every individual of every species.")

;;; #$OrganismTypeByHabitat
(#$isa #$OrganismTypeByHabitat #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$OrganismTypeByHabitat #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$OrganismTypeByHabitat "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$OrganismTypeByHabitat is a collection of organisms characterized by the sort of habitat in which they live.  For example, #$AquaticOrganism or #$TerrestrialOrganism.")

;;; #$Organization
(#$isa #$Organization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Organization 
  (#$GroupFn #$IntelligentAgent))
(#$genls #$Organization #$SocialBeing)
(#$comment #$Organization "The collection of all organizations.  Each element of the collection #$Organization is a group whose #$groupMembers are instances of #$IntelligentAgent, and which is established such that certain known relationships and obligations exist between the members, and/or between the organization and its members, and/or between the organization and `outsiders' (individuals or groups).  #$Organization includes both informal and legally constituted organizations.  Organizations can act as agents --- specifically, group agents, not individuals (cf. #$IndividualAgent) --- to undertake projects, enter into agreements, own property, etc.   Most organizations have names.  Almost all have at least two members. Examples: #$Cycorp, #$NASA, #$FreeSoftwareFoundation, #$UnitedStatesArmy, #$KMartCompany.  Note the specialization #$OrganizationOfPeople, whose instances have only human members, e.g., an instance of #$Family-Human such as Joseph Kennedy's family.  Other kinds of #$Organization have organizations as their #$groupMembers, e.g., the #$OrganizationOfAmericanStates.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Organization #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ORGANIZATION")

;;; #$OrganizationPolicy
(#$isa #$OrganizationPolicy #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$OrganizationPolicy #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$OrganizationPolicy #$Agreement)
(#$comment #$OrganizationPolicy "A collection of microtheories; a subset of #$Agreement.  Each element of #$OrganizationPolicy is a microtheory which contains the terms of some policy of a particular organization.  For example, U.S. Federal government hiring policies; a policy governing a corporation's charitable or political donations; or a school dress code.")

;;; #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers
(#$isa #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$comment #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers "A collection of organizations; a subset of #$CommercialOrganization.  An element of #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers is a commercial organization most of whose #$customers are other #$Organizations rather than individual #$Persons.")

;;; #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers
(#$isa #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$comment #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers "A collection of organizations; a subset of #$CommercialOrganization.  An element of #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers is a commercial organization most of whose #$customers are individual #$Persons rather than other #$Organizations.")

;;; #$OrganizationalChart
(#$isa #$OrganizationalChart #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalChart #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalChart #$StructuredInformationSource)
(#$comment #$OrganizationalChart "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of #$StructuredInformationSource.  Each element of #$OrganizationalChart is an IBO that graphically or in outline fashion depicts information about the control structure or resource use structure of an organization.  E.g., a diagram of Exxon Corporation's top managers showing their reporting structure.")

;;; #$OrganizationalTransfer
(#$isa #$OrganizationalTransfer #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$OrganizationalTransfer #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalTransfer #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalTransfer #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalTransfer #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$OrganizationalTransfer "A collection of events.  An
#$OrganizationalTransfer occurs when some #$IntelligentAgent changes
affiliation with some #$Organization.  This can involve becoming a
member of the organization, ceasing to be a member of it, or switching
from one organization to another.  An #$OrganizationalTransfer may be
voluntarily undertaken by the transferee but may also be #$performedBy
some other agent.  Examples include: joining a club, being transferred
from one division of a company to another, and being excommunicated.
Negative examples include: transfer of objects or information between
organizations (since these aren't #$IntelligentAgents), and changes of
#$Nationality (since neither #$Nationality nor #$Country is currently
a kind of #$Organization).")

;;; #$OrganizationalTransferIn
(#$isa #$OrganizationalTransferIn #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$OrganizationalTransferIn #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalTransferIn #$TransferIn)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalTransferIn #$OrganizationalTransfer)
(#$comment #$OrganizationalTransferIn "A subcollection of #$OrganizationalTransfer such that elements necessarily have some thing which becomes the member of the 'to organization'.  Exemplars include hiring someone to a company, pledging a fraternal organization, admitting a nation to NATO.  The event of leaving one organization to join another is also an element of #$OrganizationalTransferIn as well as #$OrganizationalTransferOut.  Negative exemplars include layoffs, expulsions, and excommunications which do not involve 'from organizations'.")

;;; #$OrganizationalTransferOut
(#$isa #$OrganizationalTransferOut #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$OrganizationalTransferOut #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalTransferOut #$TransferOut)
(#$genls #$OrganizationalTransferOut #$OrganizationalTransfer)
(#$comment #$OrganizationalTransferOut "A subcollection of #$OrganizationalTransfer such that elements necessarily have some thing which stops being the member of the 'from organization'.  Exemplars include laying someone off, expulsions, and excommunications.   The event of leaving one organization to join another is also an element of #$OrganizationalTransferIn as well as #$OrganizationalTransferOut.  Negative exemplars include 'admitting a nation to NATO', 'hiring someone', and 'pledging a fraternal organization'.")

;;; #$OrientationAttribute
(#$isa #$OrientationAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$OrientationAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$OrientationAttribute "The collection of attributes which characterize an object's orientation relative to whatever instance of #$FrameOfReference is being used in the current context.  In most contexts, orientation is taken with respect to the #$TerrestrialFrameOfReference.")

;;; #$Ounce
(#$isa #$Ounce #$FPSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Ounce #$UnitOfMass)
(#$isa #$Ounce #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Ounce #$Mass)
(#$resultIsa #$Ounce #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Ounce #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Ounce "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the ounce used for measuring weight within the British (FPS) system.  See also #$FPSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$OutdoorLocation
(#$isa #$OutdoorLocation #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OutdoorLocation #$EcologicalRegion)
(#$comment #$OutdoorLocation "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of #$OutdoorLocation is a region of outdoor space, i.e., a region which is directly subject to atmospheric weather.  Objects found in an outdoor location are #$in-ImmersedFully in the atmosphere of Earth.  Thus, as defined here, #$OutdoorLocation does NOT include elements of #$UnderwaterLocation or places that are #$Underground.  OutdoorLocations include large geographical regions.  Among the elements of #$OutdoorLocation are instances of the subsets #$Lawn, #$Meadow, #$SkiSlope, #$Beach, #$Swamp (and many others).  Note: #$OutdoorLocation is a collection of places, rather than an attribute; to represent the concept of being outside, see #$Outdoors-ExposedToWeather.  Of course, elements of #$OutdoorLocation have the #$locationState attribute of being #$Outdoors-ExposedToWeather.")

;;; #$OuterGarment
(#$isa #$OuterGarment #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$OuterGarment #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$OuterGarment #$ClothingItem)
(#$comment #$OuterGarment "A collection of objects; a subset of #$ClothingItem.  Each element of #$OuterGarment is a piece of clothing that is worn outside of other garments.  A common purpose of outer garments is protection (e.g., the subsets #$RainCoat, #$Apron).  An outer garment may also be a robe of office or position, such as an academic gown or a bishop's mantle.")

;;; #$Ovum
(#$isa #$Ovum #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Ovum #$EukaryoticCell)
(#$comment #$Ovum "A subset of #$Cell.  #$Ovum is the collection of specialized gamete cells produced by meiosis in the reproductive tract of female animals.  Each ovum usually has half the number of chromosomes that regular body cells do, and when fertilized by a spermatozoon, it becomes a zygote and continues to develop into a mature individual.  Also called 'egg'.  See also #$FemaleAnimal, #$SexualReproductionEvent.")

;;; #$OxidationProcess
(#$isa #$OxidationProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$OxidationProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$OxidationProcess #$Emission)
(#$genls #$OxidationProcess #$ChemicalReaction)
(#$genls #$OxidationProcess #$TransformationProcess)
(#$comment #$OxidationProcess "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, some amount of #$Oxygen reacts with (`reduces') another substance and releases energy in the process.")

;;; #$Oxide
(#$isa #$Oxide #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Oxide #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$Oxide #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Oxide "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Oxide is a portion of stuff in which each molecule consists of a combination of oxygen atoms with one or more atoms of another element.  For example, instances of #$Water (H2O), pieces of rust (#$IronOxide), portions of #$CarbonDioxide.")

;;; #$PITOfIBTFn
(#$isa #$PITOfIBTFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$PITOfIBTFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$PITOfIBTFn #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$arg1Isa #$PITOfIBTFn #$InformationBearingThing)
(#$comment #$PITOfIBTFn "The Cyc function #$PITOfIBTFn is an element of #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  Given as its argument a particular instance of #$InformationBearingThing (q.v.), #$PITOfIBTFn returns the information content of that thing.  The object returned is an element of #$PropositionalInformationThing (q.v.).  Thus, (#$PITOfIBTFn IBT) denotes the abstract, propositional chunk of information that is represented in IBT.  For example: if IBT is a particular printed copy of Psalm 23, then (#$PITOfIBTFn MyCopyOfPsalm23) refers to the propositional content of Psalm 23.")

;;; #$PacificOcean
(#$isa #$PacificOcean #$Entity)
(#$isa #$PacificOcean #$Ocean)
(#$comment #$PacificOcean "The main body of salt water in the #$EasternHemisphere-Region, bordering on five continents (Western coast of North and South Americas, Australia, Antarctica, and Eastern coast of Asia).")

;;; #$Pants
(#$isa #$Pants #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Pants #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Pants #$ClothingItem)
(#$comment #$Pants "A collection of objects.  Every element of #$Pants is a clothing item worn on the lower torso and legs.  The collection #$Pants includes the subsets #$ShortPants and #$LongPants.  There are also very specialized subsets, e.g., #$FootballPants.")

;;; #$Paper
(#$isa #$Paper #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$isa #$Paper #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$Paper #$TangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$Paper #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Paper "A collection of tangible things.  
Each element of #$Paper is a portion of paper, considered
as a 'stuff' out of which things can be made, like
metal or plastic.  Thus, this collection includes
the collection #$SheetOfPaper, but is wider.
Important sources from which paper may be #$derivedFrom 
include wood pulp, cotton, papyrus, rice.  
Examples: business stationery, #$MaxiPads, paper currency, 
toilet paper, newsprint, paper coffee filters, notebook paper.")

;;; #$PartOfBuilding
(#$isa #$PartOfBuilding #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PartOfBuilding #$ConstructionArtifact)
(#$comment #$PartOfBuilding "A collection of parts of a building that are 'built-in', that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the building.")

;;; #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction
(#$isa #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction #$PartOfBuilding)
(#$comment #$PartOfRoomInAConstruction "A collection of all parts of all instances of #$RoomInAConstruction.  This includes both solid parts, like #$Mantels, and enclosed regions such as are contained by cabinets and #$Cupboards.  Instances should be features which are 'built-in', that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the room.")

;;; #$PartPredicate
(#$isa #$PartPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$PartPredicate #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$comment #$PartPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Instances of #$PartPredicate are used to describe the relationship between an #$Individual and its #$parts.")

;;; #$PartTime
(#$isa #$PartTime #$WorkStatus)
(#$comment #$PartTime "An attribute; an element of #$WorkStatus.  The attribute of being a part-time worker.")

;;; #$PartialCloudCover
(#$isa #$PartialCloudCover #$Cloudiness)
(#$genlAttributes #$PartialCloudCover #$Cloudy)
(#$comment #$PartialCloudCover "#$PartialCloudCover is a #$WeatherAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Cloudiness.  This attribute describes a location as having some cloud cover but not enough to completely block out all direct sunlight.  Direct sunlight comes and goes as clouds occluding the sun pass.")

;;; #$PartiallyIntangible
(#$isa #$PartiallyIntangible #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$PartiallyIntangible #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$PartiallyIntangible #$SomethingExisting)
(#$comment #$PartiallyIntangible "The collection of things having an intangible component but which exist in time.  Some, but not all, elements of #$PartiallyIntangible have a tangible component; some are just those elements of #$Intangible which do exist in time (#$IntangibleExistingThing), such as the laws of the state of Texas, your bank account, etc.  Since some elements of #$Intangible have no temporal aspect (e.g., the number 42), #$Intangible is NOT a subset of #$PartiallyIntangible.")

;;; #$PartiallyOrderedSet
(#$isa #$PartiallyOrderedSet #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$PartiallyOrderedSet #$QuasiOrderedSet)
(#$comment #$PartiallyOrderedSet "The collection of all partially ordered sets (also called ordered sets, partial orders, or posets), each being a #$SetWithStructure consisting of a set together with an ordering relation on that set.   Mathematical directed chains, trees, forests, and lattices are special cases of #$PartiallyOrderedSet.  The ordering relation is defined on the associated set, and is transitive on that set, reflexive on that set, and antisymmetric on that set.   Sometimes the members of the #$PartiallyOrderedSet are called its nodes, and the non-redundant (transitively reduced) pairwise relations between the nodes are called the links.  A #$PartiallyOrderedSet may be finite or infinite, and connected or unconnected.  (Note: A #$PartiallyOrderedSet is not a #$SetOrCollection, rather it is a #$SetWithStructure that has an associated #$SetOrCollection.)")

;;; #$PartiallyTangible
(#$isa #$PartiallyTangible #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$PartiallyTangible #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$PartiallyTangible #$SpatialThing)
(#$genls #$PartiallyTangible #$SomethingExisting)
(#$comment #$PartiallyTangible "Elements of #$PartiallyTangible have some tangible (i.e., material) part and also have a temporal extent (i.e., they exist in time).  They may or may not also have an intangible part; e.g., a book is made of matter, has a temporal extent, and also has intangible content which is the information content of the text that the author wrote.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$PartiallyTangible #$SENSUS-Information1997 "PHYSICAL-OBJECT")

;;; #$PartiallyTangibleProduct
(#$isa #$PartiallyTangibleProduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$PartiallyTangibleProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$PartiallyTangibleProduct #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$genls #$PartiallyTangibleProduct #$Product)
(#$comment #$PartiallyTangibleProduct "A collection of spatial objects; a subset of #$Product.  Each element of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct is a product that has some tangible component and may, but need not, have an intangible component (e.g., information).  (See also #$PartiallyTangible.)  Examples of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct: a newspaper, a photograph, a videotape of `Star Wars', a sack of flour, lumber, a mobile home.")

;;; #$Particle
(#$isa #$Particle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Particle #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$Particle #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Particle "A collection of tangibles; a subset of #$TangibleThing.  Each element of #$Particle is a smallish liquid or solid tangible thing, at least small enough to be blown about by ordinary gusts of wind, and possibly much smaller.  Examples include elements of the collections #$CornMeal, #$SandParticle, #$Sawdust, #$DustParticle, #$Sugar-Table.")

;;; #$Partnership
(#$isa #$Partnership #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Partnership #$LegalAgent)
(#$genls #$Partnership #$Business)
(#$comment #$Partnership "A collection of businesses.  An element of #$Partnership is a business which is owned and operated by more than one person but generally fewer than fifty; these owners have the relation #$businessPartners (q.v.) to one another.  Commonly, the partners are workers in the enterprise.  The partners typically have equal shares in the assets and liablities (except for limited partners), and the partners jointly decide the firm's actions, perhaps by vote.")

;;; #$PartsFormat
(#$isa #$PartsFormat #$Format)
(#$comment #$PartsFormat "Argument positions of Cyc predicates may have specified formats that constrain how many and what kind of terms may occupy that position, given some fixed set of terms in the other argument positions of the predicate.  If a predicate P has #$PartsFormat for argument position N, then given some particular set of terms that occupy the other argument positions of P, there may be multiple assertions with different terms in position N (keeping the other arguments fixed), but only so long as the terms in position N are all #$physicalParts of the same #$PartiallyTangible.  For example, the #$arg1Format of #$physicalParts is #$PartsFormat.  This allows us to represent that JosephsRightThumbnail is a #$physicalParts of JosephsRightThumb, of JosephsRightHand, and of Joseph.  This is more restrictive than #$SetTheFormat, which allows multiple unrelated values.  In contrast, specifying only (#$arg1Format #$physicalParts #$SetTheFormat) would not prevent JosephsRightThumb from being a #$physicalParts of both JosephsRightHand and of JamesRightHand.")

;;; #$Party-Celebration
(#$isa #$Party-Celebration #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Party-Celebration #$SocialGathering)
(#$comment #$Party-Celebration "The collection of party events and other similar celebrations such as baby showers.  #$Persons gather intentionally at a location in order to communicate or share some experience, and to enjoy themselves, but (unlike a #$MeetingTakingPlace) business is rarely transacted at a #$Party-Celebration, or at least is beside the official point of the party.
Note: as with most collection worth naming, there are borderline cases here; e.g., Tupperware parties.")

;;; #$Passport
(#$isa #$Passport #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Passport #$IDDocument)
(#$genls #$Passport #$OfficialDocument)
(#$comment #$Passport "A collection of official documents.  Each element of #$Passport is a document issued to a person by a national government in order to identify that person as a citizen of said country while s/he is travelling across or outside of that country's borders.")

;;; #$Paste-Form
(#$isa #$Paste-Form #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$Paste-Form "A physical attribute.  #$Paste-Form is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute which describes solids that are pastelike in texture and consistency.  They are very easily deformed, and they tend to remain in the deformed shape afterwards, provided that they don't collapse under their own weight.")

;;; #$Pasteurization
(#$isa #$Pasteurization #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Pasteurization #$PreservingFood)
(#$comment #$Pasteurization "The heating of a milk product in order to kill off microorganisms that might make it spoil.")

;;; #$Path-Customary
(#$isa #$Path-Customary #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Path-Customary #$SomethingExisting)
(#$genls #$Path-Customary #$Path-Generic)
(#$comment #$Path-Customary "The collection of all existing objects that are commonly paths, or are normally used as paths or conduits for people, animals, vehicles, material or information.  A #$Path-Customary is either designed as a path or it has a significant known function as a path for movement.  Examples include roads, railroads, sea-lanes, cowpaths, boardwalks, tubes, channels, blood vessels, fibers, wires, communication links, etc.   It does not include all the things that may be used as paths in some particular #$PathSystems, but are otherwise not ordinarily viewed as paths (though the latter are still instances of #$Path-Generic).  If a #$Path-Customary is an instance of a certain #$PathType, it may be assumed to be part of a system (not necessarily explictly given) of such paths.  Or, on the other hand, it may be asserted to be part of a particular specified #$PathSystem using the predicate #$pathInSystem.  A #$Path-Customary is either a #$Path-Simple (with two distinct ends, not forming a cycle) or else it may be a #$Path-Cyclic.")

;;; #$Path-Generic
(#$isa #$Path-Generic #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Path-Generic #$Thing)
(#$comment #$Path-Generic "A collection of #$Things that are paths or can be considered paths.  Each #$Path-Generic is either a #$Path-Simple or a #$Path-Cyclic, i.e., either a non-self-crossing path or a cycle.  A #$Path-Generic may be abstract (as in Graph Theory), or it may be concrete such as a #$Path-Customary, for example a road, railroad, sea-lane, cowpath, pipe, blood vessel, fiber or wire, or on the other hand it could be anything that is used as a path in some #$PathSystem.  If a #$Path-Generic is a #$Path-Customary, then it may or may not have a specified #$PathSystem in which it is a path; if the #$Path-Generic is not a #$Path-Customary, then it can only be a path in some given #$PathSystem.  For example, an orange is not a customary path, but it can be a path for ants in a specified ant path system.  For any #$Path-Generic, there can be a #$Traversal of something moving along that path; a single #$Traversal can cross itself, double back along itself, and/or go back and forth along some part of a #$Path-Generic any number of times.")

;;; #$Path-Simple
(#$isa #$Path-Simple #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Path-Simple #$Path-Generic)
(#$comment #$Path-Simple "A collection of non-cyclic paths, broadly conceived.  Each instance of #$Path-Simple has two ends and it forms a #$pathBetween them.  It can be a road, railroad, air lane, sea lane, channel, blood vessel, part of an electric circuit, part of a pipe system, or even some abstract chain of connections among people or a 'path' in Graph Theory.  A #$Path-Simple cannot cross itself, return to the same point, nor double back along itself.  Each #$Path-Simple has two distinct ends that do not 'overlap' each other.  But in general a path may have more than two things that are its 'end-points' -- for example, a path between Austin and Pittsburgh can also be a path between Texas and Pennsylvania.  In such an example Texas and Pennsylvania are required to be spatially disjoint.   (To prohibit multiple things being an end-point of a path simultaneously, specify a #$PathSystem, because in a specified #$PathSystem a path's two end points in the system are unique.  The predicate #$pathBetweenInSystem is restricted to a set of paths and points specified for the particular #$PathSystem.)  For a #$Path-Simple any points on it (e.g., #$pointOnPath X PATH) are connected: '#$pathConnects' is true of them.  Any number of intersections may occur along a #$Path-Simple.   A path is different from a #$Traversal or a #$Trajectory: a traversal is the trace of an object moving along a path or in a #$PathSystem, and the #$Traversal can cross itself and/or double back along itself any number of times.  While a path is fixed and may have no direction, a traversal has a particular direction.  Many distinct traversals may traverse the same underlying path (see #$Traversal and #$traversalInSystem), since a traversal can go back and forth across the same part of a path any number of times.  A #$Trajectory (a trace of motion) along paths is a #$Traversal.")

;;; #$PathArtifact
(#$isa #$PathArtifact #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PathArtifact #$Path-Customary)
(#$genls #$PathArtifact #$ConstructionArtifact)
(#$comment #$PathArtifact "A collection of artifacts.  Each element of #$PathArtifact is a path made by agents, whether animal or human.  Elements of #$PathArtifact range from deer trails to superhighways.  Such paths connect places that animals or people are found in and/or between which they want to travel.  Examples: #$ErieCanal, #$WellandShipCanal, #$ChampsElysee, #$WallStreet, #$USHighway80, #$Highway101CA.")

;;; #$PathForWheeledVehicles
(#$isa #$PathForWheeledVehicles #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PathForWheeledVehicles #$OutdoorLocation)
(#$genls #$PathForWheeledVehicles #$FixedStructure)
(#$genls #$PathForWheeledVehicles #$PathArtifact)
(#$genls #$PathForWheeledVehicles #$Path-Simple)
(#$comment #$PathForWheeledVehicles "Each instance of #$PathForWheeledVehicles is an instance of #$PathArtifact, whose primary function is to serve as a place along which wheeled vehicles may move or park. Usually but not necessarily they are paved.")

;;; #$PathType
(#$isa #$PathType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$PathType #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$PathType "A collection of collections.  Each instance of #$PathType is a collection that is a subcollection of #$Path-Simple.  There are several  types of path, according to the medium or surface the path goes through or over.")

;;; #$PathsConcatenatedFn
(#$isa #$PathsConcatenatedFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$PathsConcatenatedFn #$Path-Simple)
(#$arg1Isa #$PathsConcatenatedFn #$Path-Simple)
(#$arg2Isa #$PathsConcatenatedFn #$Path-Simple)
(#$comment #$PathsConcatenatedFn "A function joining two paths end-to-end in series.  For each path PATH1 between X and Y, and each path PATH2 between Y and Z, if every point A on both paths satisfies the conditions (#$pathBetween PATH1 X A) and (#$pathBetween PATH2 A Z), then (#$PathsConcatenatedFn PATH1 PATH2) denotes the path obtained by concatenating PATH1 and PATH2, i.e., the path that is a super path of both PATH1 and PATH2 and is between X and Z.  Note that when you use (#$PathsConcatenatedFn PATH1 PATH2), PATH1 and PATH2 cannot intersect, i.e., no point is on both paths except their end-points.  This function is not defined on the cartesian product #$Path-Simple x #$Path-Simple.  It is rather defined on a proper subset of it.")

;;; #$Paying
(#$isa #$Paying #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Paying #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Paying #$MoneyTransfer)
(#$genls #$Paying #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$Paying #$TransferringOwnership)
(#$comment #$Paying "A collection of events; a subset of#$MoneyTransfer.  Each element of #$Paying is an event in which one agent pays money to another agent.  The payer is the #$fromPossessor; the recipient is the #$toPossessor.  In all payings, the payer gives the payee #$FullUseRights to the money. Some types of payings: (1) all instances of #$Buying and #$Renting contain (at least one) #$subEvents which are elements of #$Paying; (2) making charitable contributions; (3) paying off one's gambling debts; (4) paying an employee's salary or a child's allowance.  Writing a check or offering a credit card in payment are #$firstSubEvents of paying events; such payings are successful only if the check is not lost or stolen, if it clears the bank, etc.  On the other hand, filling out a pledge card, e.g., for United Way, is NOT considered a #$Paying event or part of one, because it does not involve or initiate any legal reassignment of rights to the money.")

;;; #$Pensive
(#$isa #$Pensive #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Pensive #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Pensive "A feeling of deep thoughtfulness, reflection, or introspection, and sometimes melancholia.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$Perceiving
(#$isa #$Perceiving #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$Perceiving #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Perceiving #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$genls #$Perceiving #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$comment #$Perceiving "#$Perceiving is the collection of sensory-perceptual events in which a #$PerceptualAgent perceives, i.e. acquires information, using its senses.")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$Perceiving #$SENSUS-Information1997 "PERCEPTION")

;;; #$Perceiving-Involuntary
(#$isa #$Perceiving-Involuntary #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Perceiving-Involuntary #$Perceiving)
(#$comment #$Perceiving-Involuntary "A collection of mental events, a subset of #$Perceiving. Each element of this collection is a perceptual event in which the agent involuntarily receives senory information. Thus, if I am in a room, and a light is turned on, I would see the light reflected off of the walls, but without any effort on my part.  On the other hand, actively searching for something with my eyes would not be a member of this collection.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Perceiving-Involuntary #$SENSUS-Information1997 "INVOLUNTARY-PERCEPTUAL-EVENT")

;;; #$Perceiving-Voluntary
(#$isa #$Perceiving-Voluntary #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Perceiving-Voluntary #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Perceiving-Voluntary #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$Perceiving-Voluntary #$Perceiving)
(#$comment #$Perceiving-Voluntary "A collection of mental events, a subset of #$Perceiving.
Each element of this collection is a perceptual event in which
the agent does not merely passively receive sensory information,
but is actively filtering or directing how he is perceiving.
Thus, searching for a set of lost keys would be an element
of this collection, as would straining to hear something, but
merely hearing a balloon pop next to you would not.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Perceiving-Voluntary #$SENSUS-Information1997 "VOLUNTARY-PERCEPTUAL-EVENT")

;;; #$PerceivingSlot
(#$isa #$PerceivingSlot #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$PerceivingSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$PerceivingSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$PerceivingSlot is a binary predicate relating a perceiver and an object or event (not a sense-datum) that s/he perceives in the mode specified by the predicate; e.g., #$sees, #$hears, #$smells, #$perceivesByTouching, #$tastes.  Assertions that use a predicate belonging to #$PerceivingSlot imply that some perception event occurs during the time that the assertion holds.  See also #$Perceiving and its subsets.")

;;; #$Percent
(#$isa #$Percent #$EvaluatableFunction)
(#$isa #$Percent #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Percent #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Percent #$IntervalOnNumberLine)
(#$resultIsa #$Percent #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Percent #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Percent "#$Percent is a function whose results are percentages.  E.g., (#$Percent 1) represents 1% in Cyc (and is equal to .01); (#$Percent 110) is the same as 1.1; (#$Percent 0.1) is the same as 0.1%, which is the same as .001.")

;;; #$PerceptualAgent
(#$isa #$PerceptualAgent #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PerceptualAgent #$IndividualAgent)
(#$comment #$PerceptualAgent "The collection of all sentient agents.  Elements of #$PerceptualAgent are beings capable of doing instances of #$Perceiving.  Furthermore, in many cases the information that a perceptual agent gathers is input that can influence its other actions.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$PerceptualAgent #$SENSUS-Information1997 "CONSCIOUS-BEING")

;;; #$Permission
(#$isa #$Permission #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Permission #$Agreement)
(#$comment #$Permission "A collection of agreements.  Each element of #$Permission is an agreement specifying some rights or privileges which have been granted to an #$Agent.  A permission may be an informal agreement between individuals, but many instances are formal and involve permissions granted by a government authority to some agent.  E.g., a driver's license, a marriage license, a visa for entering the U.S., a license to practice medicine.")

;;; #$Person
(#$isa #$Person #$OrganismClassificationType)
(#$genls #$Person #$LegalAgent)
(#$genls #$Person #$Primate)
(#$genls #$Person #$HumanOccupationConstructResident)
(#$genls #$Person #$Omnivore)
(#$comment #$Person "The collection of all human beings.  The collection #$Person constitutes the species Homo Sapiens; thus, #$Person is an instance of #$BiologicalSpecies in the #$BiologyMt.  (See also #$HomoGenus, of which Homo Sapiens is the only nonextinct species.)  Persons constitute the most intelligent subset of #$Primate, and it is the only class whose elements are known to be naturally capable of speaking a language.  All cultural activity requires participation of persons.  #$Person excludes non-human legal persons; see #$Agent.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Person #$SENSUS-Information1997 "PERSON")

;;; #$PersonByActivityType
(#$isa #$PersonByActivityType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PersonByActivityType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$PersonByActivityType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$PersonByActivityType is a collection which classifies people by some kind of activity that an individual does regularly.  Some examples are: #$Student, #$Tourist, and #$HornPlayer.  If the differentiating activity is one that can be done as a career or job, it is preferable to make that collection an element of the more specific #$OccupationType (q.v.).")

;;; #$PersonalProduct
(#$isa #$PersonalProduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$PersonalProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$PersonalProduct #$Product)
(#$comment #$PersonalProduct "A collection of products.  Each element of #$PersonalProduct is a service or tangible product designed for the physical body of a person, including clothing, accessories, personal care products (e.g., deodorant, hand soap) and devices (e.g., razors, heating pads), cosmetics, and personal services such as massages and manicures.  These are products or services which a person would seek out or apply to him/herself; i.e., it excludes products used on the body of a person by physicians (e.g., scalpels), dentists (e.g., dental drills), or morticians.")

;;; #$PersonalityAttribute
(#$isa #$PersonalityAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$PersonalityAttribute #$MentalAttribute)
(#$comment #$PersonalityAttribute "The collection of attributes which describe aspects of a person's personality.  E.g., #$Dependability.  
Note that #$Gentleness, #$Viciousness, and other emotive traits common to both humans and other animals, appear under #$TemperamentAttribute, which is a superset of #$PersonalityAttribute.")

;;; #$Pharmacist
(#$isa #$Pharmacist #$MedicalSpecialtyType)
(#$genls #$Pharmacist #$MedicalCareProfessional)
(#$comment #$Pharmacist "The collection of professionals who are trained and licensed to prepare and distribute legal drugs.")

;;; #$Pharmacy
(#$isa #$Pharmacy #$MedicalFacilityType)
(#$genls #$Pharmacy #$LocalCustomerContactPoint)
(#$genls #$Pharmacy #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$comment #$Pharmacy "The collection of (local-level) organizations which sell mainly prescription drugs, but usually also carry non-prescription drugs and other medical supplies that might be needed by a family or individual. (i.e. not a supplier to hospitals).  Sometimes these are free-standing stores, sometimes departments within other stores like drugstores and supermarkets.")

;;; #$PharmacyProductType
(#$isa #$PharmacyProductType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PharmacyProductType #$ProductType)
(#$comment #$PharmacyProductType "The collection of pharmaceutical product types, including drugs and pharmaceutical devices.")

;;; #$PhoneNumber
(#$isa #$PhoneNumber #$IDStringType)
(#$genls #$PhoneNumber #$IDString)
(#$genls #$PhoneNumber #$CharacterString)
(#$comment #$PhoneNumber "A collection of strings. Each element of #$PhoneNumber is a string that represents a telephone number.")

;;; #$PhysicalAmountSlot
(#$isa #$PhysicalAmountSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$PhysicalAmountSlot #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot)
(#$genls #$PhysicalAmountSlot #$TangibleObjectPredicate)
(#$comment #$PhysicalAmountSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$PhysicalAmountSlot is a slot (i.e., a binary predicate) used in assertions that state (perhaps roughly) `how much' of an object there is.  These can be viewed as different ways of stating the size of an object; e.g., #$lengthOfObject, #$volumeOfObject, #$massOfObject, #$depthOfObject, #$interiorFloorSpace.")

;;; #$PhysicalAttribute
(#$isa #$PhysicalAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$PhysicalAttribute "A collection of attribute
values.  Each element of #$PhysicalAttribute is an attribute
value could in theory be measured using physical instruments. 
Subsets of this collection include #$Density, #$Speed, 
#$Rigidity, #$Mass, etc. Elements include #$ColdToBitterlyCold,
(#$MediumAmountFn #$Visibility), and #$AFewYearsDuration.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$PhysicalAttribute #$SENSUS-Information1997 "MATERIAL-WORLD-QUALITY")

;;; #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot
(#$isa #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate)
(#$genls #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$comment #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot "A collection of predicates.  #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot is a subset of both #$BinaryPredicate and #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate.  Each element of #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot relates some particular tangible object to an instance of #$PhysicalAttribute which characterizes that object.  The attribute may or may not be a quantifiable property.  Examples of #$PhysicalAttributeDescriptionSlot: #$objectEmitsOdor, #$viscosityOfSubstance, #$colorOfObject, #$diameterOfObject, #$physicalParts, #$shape, #$xzCrossSectionShapeType.")

;;; #$PhysicalConductingMedia
(#$isa #$PhysicalConductingMedia #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalConductingMedia #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$PhysicalConductingMedia "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of #$PhysicalConductingMedia is a physical thing that can serve as a conductor, e.g., for heat or electricity.  Examples include power lines, pieces of superconductor materials, ceramic, etc.")

;;; #$PhysicalContactLocation
(#$isa #$PhysicalContactLocation #$ContactLocationType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalContactLocation #$ContactLocation)
(#$genls #$PhysicalContactLocation #$HumanShelterConstruction)
(#$comment #$PhysicalContactLocation "A collection of locations; a subset of #$HumanShelterConstruction.  An instance of #$PhysicalContactLocation is the principal place(s) where an #$Agent can be physically found.  For people, that would (probably) be their home and/or office.   For an organization, it would be the location of their place of business, their headquarters, etc.  Note that a purely procedural method for getting in touch with someone, such as their Post Office Box number in a certain city, is not a #$PhysicalContactLocation.")

;;; #$PhysicalContactSituation
(#$isa #$PhysicalContactSituation #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalContactSituation #$Situation)
(#$comment #$PhysicalContactSituation "The collection of all #$Situations in which two or more tangible objects are touching (#$touches).  Includes an object rubbing against another, objects colliding, as well as static touching configurations.  Note that although most #$PhysicalEvents involve some kind of touching, not all of them should be specs of #$PhysicalContactSituation.  Only on those in which contact is salient to what the event is about should be #$PhysicalContactSituations.")

;;; #$PhysicalDevice
(#$isa #$PhysicalDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalDevice #$PartiallyTangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$PhysicalDevice #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$PhysicalDevice #$InanimateThing)
(#$comment #$PhysicalDevice "A collection of tangible things. 
 Each #$PhysicalDevice is an #$Artifact which is designed 
for a specific use or 
to perform a specific function. 
Thus, the collections #$Tool, #$Condom, #$BathTub, and
#$TransportationDevice-Vehicle are all subsets of this
collection, as are many other collections. Excluded are
artifacts which can only be 'used' in a very loose or
metaphorical sense, such as instances of #$Sculpture,
#$FlowerBed, or #$Advertisement. Also, an instance of 
#$PhysicalDevice should have a relatively rigid, set
shape (which doesn't exclude it having moving parts!);
hence, #$GasolineFuel or #$AntiFreeze are not subsets
of #$PhysicalDevice.")

;;; #$PhysicalEvent
(#$isa #$PhysicalEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$PhysicalEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalEvent #$Event)
(#$genls #$PhysicalEvent #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$PhysicalEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$PhysicalEvent is an event which involves the interaction of some number of physical objects. (For contrast, see #$MentalEvent or, a collection of much more common occurrences, #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent.)")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$PhysicalEvent #$SENSUS-Information1997 "MATERIAL-PROCESS")

;;; #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate
(#$isa #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate is a predicate used in assertions that describe spatiophysical aspects of individual objects.  Examples: #$above-Directly, #$physicallyContains, #$touchesDirectly, #$colorOfObject, #$temperatureOfObject, #$spans-Bridgelike.")

;;; #$PhysicalPartPredicate
(#$isa #$PhysicalPartPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$PhysicalPartPredicate #$PartPredicate)
(#$genls #$PhysicalPartPredicate #$CotemporalPredicate)
(#$comment #$PhysicalPartPredicate "A collection of predicates. Instances of #$PhysicalPartPredicate are used to describe the relationship between a #$PartiallyTangible and its #$physicalParts.")

;;; #$PhysicalSeries
(#$isa #$PhysicalSeries #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalSeries #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$genls #$PhysicalSeries #$Group)
(#$genls #$PhysicalSeries #$Series)
(#$comment #$PhysicalSeries "Each #$PhysicalSeries is a #$Group of #$PartiallyTangibles which is ordered in a linear fashion, most likely according to some spatial relationship.  For example, a group of people in line at a ticket booth, or the vertebrae in one person's spine.")

;;; #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent
(#$isa #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$genls #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$comment #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent "#$PhysicalStateChangeEvent is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another.  Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy).  Each particular instance of #$Boiling, #$Freezing, #$Evaporating, #$Condensing, #$Melting, etc. is an instance of #$PhysicalStateChangeEvent.  

Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, #$SolidStateOfMatter, #$SemiSolidStateOfMatter, #$LiquidStateOfMatter, #$GaseousStateOfMatter.  See #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous and its individual state constants.")

;;; #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute
(#$isa #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute is a physical attribute that determines or describes the structure of a tangible object.  These attributes are qualitative, not measurable; in that way, they are unlike those described by the elements of #$Density, #$Mass, #$Elasticity, #$ThermalConductivity, and other attributes which belong to #$ScalarInterval.  Examples of #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute: #$Granular, #$Powdery, #$Paste-Form, #$Brittle, #$Collapsible, #$Hollow, #$Woven, #$Burnt.   An individual object's #$PhysicalStructuralAttributes are indicated with the predicate #$physicalStructuralAttributes.")

;;; #$PhysicalUrgeType
(#$isa #$PhysicalUrgeType #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$PhysicalUrgeType #$SensoryReactionType)
(#$comment #$PhysicalUrgeType "A collection of collections, and also a subset of #$SensoryReactionType (qv). Its elements are distinct from #$SensoryReactionType because they necessarily have a value on #$urgeTypeSatisfied.  An element of #$PhysicalUrgeType is an #$AttributeType that describes one class of urges (to do something) that animals have. The elements of #$PhysicalUrgeType are rather earthy; some examples are: #$UrgeToYawn, #$UrgeToScratch, #$UrgeToVomit, #$UrgeToUrinate, etc. ")

;;; #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent
(#$isa #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent #$HostileSocialAction)
(#$comment #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent "The collection of events in which one #$Agent (or a small group of #$Agents) physically attacks another #$Agent (or small group of #$Agents.)  Each assassination attempt is an example of such an event.")

;;; #$PhysiologicalAttribute
(#$isa #$PhysiologicalAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$PhysiologicalAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$PhysiologicalAttribute "The collection of attributes related to a plant or animal organism's physiological characteristics.  Some examples include #$Flexed, #$Deaf, #$Injured, #$Fertile, #$Swollen, #$AcidIndigestion, etc.")

;;; #$PhysiologicalCondition
(#$isa #$PhysiologicalCondition #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$PhysiologicalCondition #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$comment #$PhysiologicalCondition "The collection of #$Events in which an organism undergoes (as #$bodilyDoer) some physiological state or process, which may be normal or abnormal.  An instance of #$PhysiologicalCondition is, especially, a dynamic physiological state that (1) has important temporal aspects, such as a developmental condition or a progressive disease, and/or (2) affects the organism's physiological condition for a significant period of time, such that (a) the condition may be thought of as an `episode' in the life of the organism or even (b) a permanent aspect of the organism's ongoing life.  #$PhysiologicalCondition is the most general collection of such states.  In representing particular cases, one of the various subsets of #$PhysiologicalCondition is likely to be more useful; these include: #$Pregnancy, #$Pneumonia, #$Cancer, #$KidneyStoneCondition, #$HeartAttack, #$AllergicReaction, #$Phobia, #$ChronicCondition, #$Asthma, etc.")

;;; #$PhysiologicalConditionType
(#$isa #$PhysiologicalConditionType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PhysiologicalConditionType #$ScriptType)
(#$comment #$PhysiologicalConditionType "A collection of collections.  Each #$PhysiologicalConditionType is a coherent set of #$PhysiologicalConditions characterizing some non-instantaneous aspect of an organism.  Some sample elements are: #$Menopause, #$SickleCellAnemia, #$Infection, #$Malnutrition, etc.")

;;; #$PhysiologicalFunction
(#$isa #$PhysiologicalFunction #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$PhysiologicalFunction #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PhysiologicalFunction #$PhysiologicalProcess)
(#$comment #$PhysiologicalFunction "The collection of those #$PhysiologicalProcesses that serve some end for their doers, which may be cells, tissues, or whole organisms; for example, #$Photosynthesis.")

;;; #$PhysiologicalProcess
(#$isa #$PhysiologicalProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$PhysiologicalProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PhysiologicalProcess #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$comment #$PhysiologicalProcess "The collection of events in which an organism does (typically unconsciously) some process which involves alteration of that agent's physiological state.  A #$PhysiologicalProcess is normally one that is done by organisms (or parts of organisms) in the course of living.  A large subset of #$PhysiologicalProcess is #$BodilyFunctionEvent, including its subsets #$Respiration, #$DigestingInStomach, and #$Heartbeating.  (Compare this collection with #$PhysiologicalCondition, whose elements are more episodic than process-like.) ")

;;; #$PieceOfFreeSpace
(#$isa #$PieceOfFreeSpace #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$PieceOfFreeSpace #$Air)
(#$genls #$PieceOfFreeSpace #$PureSpace)
(#$genls #$PieceOfFreeSpace #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$PieceOfFreeSpace "Elements of #$PieceOfFreeSpace are contiguous regions of ``empty'' yet tangible space, such as the interior of a room or sky above a city.  Typically (but not necessarily), a #$PieceOfFreeSpace is associated with a geographical region or some physical boundaries that define its edges.")

;;; #$Pipe-GenericConduit
(#$isa #$Pipe-GenericConduit #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Pipe-GenericConduit #$FlowPath)
(#$genls #$Pipe-GenericConduit #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Pipe-GenericConduit "The collection of all enclosed tubular fluid conduits with openings at both ends.  #$Pipe-GenericConduit encompasses both human-made pipes as well as natural pipes, found naturally occurring in the environment, or found in an organism's body, like #$BloodVessels.")

;;; #$PipeEndToCavityJunction
(#$isa #$PipeEndToCavityJunction #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$PipeEndToCavityJunction #$Configuration)
(#$genls #$PipeEndToCavityJunction #$Portal)
(#$comment #$PipeEndToCavityJunction "The collection of junctions, in each of which some #$Pipe-GenericConduit ends at a #$Cavity of larger diameter than the pipe, allowing flow or access between them.  The flange where a water pipe enters a water tank is one example, as is the junction of the esophagus and the stomach in animals.  See also the predicate #$pipeEndsAtCavity.")

;;; #$Pity
(#$isa #$Pity #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Pity #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Pity "Feeling sorry for another agent on account of the undesirable state of affairs s/he is in.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$Place
(#$isa #$Place #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Place #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$Place "The collection of #$SpatialThings that have a relatively permanent location. Thus, every #$Place is stationary in the frame of reference of the current microtheory.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Place #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SPACE-INTERVAL")

;;; #$Planet
(#$isa #$Planet #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Planet #$GeographicalRegion)
(#$genls #$Planet #$HeavenlyBody)
(#$comment #$Planet "A collection of heavenly bodies.  Each element of #$Planet is a planet either in Earth's solar system or elsewhere in the universe.  Examples: #$PlanetJupiter, #$PlanetVenus.")

;;; #$Plant
(#$isa #$Plant #$BiologicalKingdom)
(#$genls #$Plant #$VegetableMatter)
(#$genls #$Plant #$Organism-Whole)
(#$genls #$Plant #$PlantBLO)
(#$comment #$Plant "#$Plant is the collection of all plants; it is a member of the #$BiologicalKingdom and contains the primary subjects of #$Biology.  Plants are typically stationary, living, whole organisms; the cells of plants generally lack cholesterol and have cell walls that include substances of #$Cellulose.  Most, though not all, plants are capable of making sugars by #$Photosynthesis processes and have green parts.  Some example subsets of #$Plant are the collections #$RoseBush, #$SpruceTree, and #$Moss.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Plant #$SENSUS-Information1997 "PLANT")

;;; #$Plant-NonWoody
(#$isa #$Plant-NonWoody #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Plant-NonWoody #$Plant)
(#$comment #$Plant-NonWoody "The collection of non-woody, herbaceous #$Plants.  Those #$Plants such as grasses, herbs, wildflowers, etc. which are fairly low-growing, often annual, and don't grow woody stems.  Excludes large, hard bamboos, and Balsa.")

;;; #$Plant-Woody
(#$isa #$Plant-Woody #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Plant-Woody #$Plant)
(#$genls #$Plant-Woody #$TerrestrialOrganism)
(#$comment #$Plant-Woody "The collection of #$Plants that have woody or hard trunks, stems or branches (and usually roots). includes large, hard bamboos, and balsa.")

;;; #$PlantBLO
(#$isa #$PlantBLO #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PlantBLO #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$PlantBLO "A subset of #$BiologicalLivingObject.  #$PlantBLO includes the elements of #$Plant and of #$PlantPart.")

;;; #$PlantPart
(#$isa #$PlantPart #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PlantPart #$PlantBLO)
(#$genls #$PlantPart #$OrganismPart)
(#$comment #$PlantPart "The collection of all physical parts of #$Plants of all kinds.
In the traditional view, plant organs are of four types: leaves, stems, roots and flowers.  It seems useful to have a category for smaller plant parts which display a similar level of organization (they have vascular tissue, ground tissue, and an epidermis) but have not been included in the traditional view.")

;;; #$PlantPhysiologicalAttribute
(#$isa #$PlantPhysiologicalAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$PlantPhysiologicalAttribute #$PhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$PlantPhysiologicalAttribute "The collection of attributes referring to the physiological properties of plants.  At the very least, these include seasonal stages, physical properties, and plant health.  These attributes apply to entire #$Plants rather than just to certain parts of them.")

;;; #$PlantProduct
(#$isa #$PlantProduct #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$PlantProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$PlantProduct #$VegetableMatter)
(#$comment #$PlantProduct "The collection of #$Products that are plants or plant parts (individually or in bulk), or substances derived from plants, which are produced by people or countries and made available for use, sale or exchange.")

;;; #$Plastic
(#$isa #$Plastic #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Plastic #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Plastic #$ArtificialMaterial)
(#$comment #$Plastic "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$Plastic is a piece of some type of plastic.  This collection includes plastics of all kinds: artifical, mostly polymeric, inedible, organic moldable hydrocarbons.  Some common types are rayon, nylon, polyethylene, etc.")

;;; #$PlumbingFixture
(#$isa #$PlumbingFixture #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$PlumbingFixture #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PlumbingFixture #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$genls #$PlumbingFixture #$PartOfBuilding)
(#$comment #$PlumbingFixture "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$PlumbingFixture is any object which is -- or was or will be or could be -- part of some plumbing system.  Types of #$PlumbingFixture include pipes, sinks, and toilets, as well as faucets and drain plugs.  It must be a functional part (so sewage doesn't count) and a significant part (so a label on a pipe doesn't count) and a specialized part (so an individual screw doesn't count, nor does an individual iron atom that's part of a faucet) and a relatively long-lived and localized part (so the water flowing through a pipe doesn't count.)")

;;; #$PlusFn
(#$isa #$PlusFn #$EvaluatableFunction)
(#$isa #$PlusFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$isa #$PlusFn #$VariableArityRelation)
(#$isa #$PlusFn #$CommutativeRelation)
(#$isa #$PlusFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$PlusFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$PlusFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$PlusFn "#$PlusFn is Cyc's addition operator; it is a variable-arity mathematical function.  #$PlusFn takes a variable number of quantities as arguments, and it yields a new quantity which is the result of adding those arguments together.  All of the arguments to #$PlusFn must be elements of #$ScalarInterval, as is its result.  Examples: (#$PlusFn 2 3 4) returns 9; (#$PlusFn (#$Meter 1.5) (#$Meter 0.7)) returns (#$Meter 2.2).  See also #$VariableArityRelation.")

;;; #$PlusInfinity
(#$isa #$PlusInfinity #$RealNumber)
(#$isa #$PlusInfinity #$NonNegativeScalarInterval)
(#$isa #$PlusInfinity #$NonNegativeNumber)
(#$comment #$PlusInfinity "#$PlusInfinity represents an infinitely large positive number (roughly akin to aleph-null).")

;;; #$PointFn
(#$isa #$PointFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$PointFn #$SetOrCollection)
(#$arg1Isa #$PointFn #$Thing)
(#$comment #$PointFn "For each #$PathSystem SYS, (#$PointFn SYS) denotes the set of all points in SYS (see #$PathSystem).  Note that the function #$PointFn and the predicate #$pointInSystem are interdefinable.  We normally use #$PointFn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can replace each (#$pointInSystem X SYS) by (#$elementOf X (#$PointFn SYS)).")

;;; #$PointyEnded
(#$isa #$PointyEnded #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$PointyEnded "Includes anything which tapers to a pointy or sharp end--pens, pencils, needles, pins, nails, and wood-screws, but not wires (no taper).  Most knives would be included, but only because they have pointy ends.  A knife with a rounded ended and a sharp blade would not be included.")

;;; #$PolarAttributeType
(#$isa #$PolarAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PolarAttributeType #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$comment #$PolarAttributeType "A collection of collections, a subset of #$PrimitiveAttributeType.
Each element of #$PolarAttributeType is a collection of 
attributes which can be possessed either to a positive or
to a negative degree. Thus, #$ElectricalCharge would be an
instance of this collection, whereas #$Wetness and #$BedSize
would not be.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$PolarAttributeType #$SENSUS-Information1997 "POLAR-QUALITY")

;;; #$PolishingSomething
(#$isa #$PolishingSomething #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$PolishingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PolishingSomething #$PhysicalContactSituation)
(#$genls #$PolishingSomething #$VoluntaryBodyMovement)
(#$genls #$PolishingSomething #$Cleaning)
(#$genls #$PolishingSomething #$TransformationEvent)
(#$comment #$PolishingSomething "The subset of #$Cleaning processes in which something is polished by rubbing it.  For example, consider the event in which Aladdin polished his magic lamp for the first time.  Polishing can be done to leather, wood, metal, etc.  A #$PolishingSomething may be performed either by a person or by a machine.")

;;; #$PoliticalDispute
(#$isa #$PoliticalDispute #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$PoliticalDispute #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PoliticalDispute #$DisputeEvent)
(#$comment #$PoliticalDispute "The class of all political disputes, including serious political controversies and skirmishes between individuals, organizations or countries.   Such a dispute involves some question of public policy, as opposed to purely personal or commercial issiues.")

;;; #$PoliticalOrganization
(#$isa #$PoliticalOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PoliticalOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$PoliticalOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$PoliticalOrganization is an organization whose members share some common political, social, or economic values and goals, and the #$MainFunction of their organization is to achieve those goals by influencing governmental powers or by helping persons who favor their views and interests to win elections or otherwise obtain governmental power.  The collection #$PoliticalOrganization includes instances of #$PoliticalParty and also of #$PoliticalInterestGroup.
Note that governmental bodies (such as a #$CityCouncil) are not considered #$PoliticalOrganizations.  Although such governmental bodies often act in political arenas, that is not their primary function.")

;;; #$PoliticalParty
(#$isa #$PoliticalParty #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PoliticalParty #$Organization)
(#$genls #$PoliticalParty #$PoliticalOrganization)
(#$comment #$PoliticalParty "A collection of political organizations.  An element of #$PoliticalParty is an organization that primarily seeks to elect candidates to public office or have members continue holding public office, and which are identified as party affiliations by persons holding or seeking public office.")

;;; #$Politician
(#$isa #$Politician #$PersonByActivityType)
(#$genls #$Politician #$Person)
(#$genls #$Politician #$PublicSectorEmployee)
(#$comment #$Politician "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$Politician is a person who is involved in politics.  Subsets of #$Politician include #$HeadOfState, #$PresidentialCandidate, and #$HeadOfPoliticalParty.")

;;; #$Porosity
(#$isa #$Porosity #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Porosity #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Porosity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Porosity "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Porosity represents a specific porosity of some physical object.  Different porosities may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions.  Porosities of objects are indicated with the predicate #$porosityOfObject.")

;;; #$PortableObject
(#$isa #$PortableObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PortableObject #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$PortableObject "A collection of objects.  An 
instance of #$PortableObject is something that is not 
`fastened down' and which is light enough for an average human 
(or more to the point: for its average intended user) to move 
it easily.  For many #$PortableObjects, portability is 
important for them to fulfill their primary functions; 
for example, an article of clothing (a #$SomethingToWear), 
a hand-guided tool (a #HandTool), a coin or dollar bill (an instance of #$Currency), a flashlight (a #$Flashlight), etc. would be pretty useless if they weren't portable.  In other cases, making a device portable, or making a portable version of a device, simply provides a convenience, as with the subsets #$PortableTelevision and #$PortableStereoSystem.  Note that #$Tool is not a subset of #$PortableObject, since many tools are heavy and/or stationary.  A borderline example would be a heart/lung machine; although the beneficiary of its primary function is in no position to move it around, the physicians and nurses who also are `using' it can and do exactly that.  The same goes for a playpen; the kids in it had better NOT be able to move it around, but the adults who set it up and put them there can and do move it.   A borderline non-example would be a car; even though its user can make it move around, that is more a controlling action than a transporting action --- i.e., the car is doing the transporting in that case, not the driver.  A borderline example is a cat; even though it moves under its own power, it is light enough for its owner to pick it up and move around.  A borderline example is a bed or a dresser; though too heavy to lift, its owners can generally move it around (by sliding, disassembling and reassembling, etc.)")

;;; #$Portal
(#$isa #$Portal #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$Portal #$Cavity)
(#$comment #$Portal "The collection of all openings, as in a surface, through a tube, etc., with or without a covering.  This includes doors, mouths, doughnut-holes, etc.")

;;; #$PortalCovering
(#$isa #$PortalCovering #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$PortalCovering #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$PortalCovering #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$PortalCovering #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$comment #$PortalCovering "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of #$PortalCovering is something that covers a portal (e.g., window, door, hatch).  Portal coverings may be either flexible or rigid; they may be either fixed in place or removable.  Examples include windows (in buildings or automobiles), doors, shutters, screens, draperies, window blinds, convertible tops, lids, corks.")

;;; #$Portugal
(#$isa #$Portugal #$IndependentCountry)
(#$isa #$Portugal #$Entity)
(#$comment #$Portugal "The nation of Portugal as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects.")

;;; #$PositionType
(#$isa #$PositionType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PositionType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$PositionType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$PositionType is a collection which represents a type of position filled by people within an organization.  Examples of #$PositionType: #$Mayor, #$Admiral, #$CampaignManager, #$Director-Movie, #$Chairman, #$Resident-Medical.")

;;; #$PositiveInteger
(#$isa #$PositiveInteger #$Collection)
(#$isa #$PositiveInteger #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$PositiveInteger #$NonNegativeInteger)
(#$genls #$PositiveInteger #$PositiveNumber)
(#$comment #$PositiveInteger "#$PositiveInteger is the subset of #$Integer that excludes the negative integers and zero.  Each element of #$PositiveInteger is a whole number greater than zero; thus, it includes 5, but not -5 or 0.")

;;; #$PositiveNumber
(#$isa #$PositiveNumber #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$PositiveNumber #$NonNegativeNumber)
(#$comment #$PositiveNumber "#$PositiveNumber is a subset of #$RealNumber.  Each instance of #$PositiveNumber is a #$RealNumber that is #$greaterThan zero; thus, it includes 42 and 0.17 but not 0 or -5.")

;;; #$PostalCode
(#$isa #$PostalCode #$IDStringType)
(#$genls #$PostalCode #$IDString)
(#$comment #$PostalCode "A collection of character strings.  Each element of #$PostalCode is a string used by a postal service to designate a particular geographic area.  For example, the code used by the #$USPostalService for central downtown Austin, TX, is `78701'.")

;;; #$PosteriorRegionFn
(#$isa #$PosteriorRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$PosteriorRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$PosteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$PosteriorRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$PosteriorRegionFn "The function (PosteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the back or rear half or section, or posterior main portion, of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic front/back orientation, or is a (non-backward-facing) part of a larger region or object that has a front/back orientation.")

;;; #$Posture
(#$isa #$Posture #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType)
(#$isa #$Posture #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Posture #$BodyPartPosition)
(#$genls #$Posture #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Posture "The collection of postures, which are types of attributes that describe bodily configurations and/or orientations of #$Animals.  Some #$Postures are: #$UprightPosture, #$KneelingPosture, #$LyingOnBackPosture, #$PronePosture, #$LeaningOnKnucklesPosture, #$ForwardFlyingPosture.")

;;; #$Pound-UnitOfMass
(#$isa #$Pound-UnitOfMass #$FPSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Pound-UnitOfMass #$UnitOfMass)
(#$isa #$Pound-UnitOfMass #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Pound-UnitOfMass #$Mass)
(#$resultIsa #$Pound-UnitOfMass #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Pound-UnitOfMass #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Pound-UnitOfMass "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of mass in the British (FPS) system.  Technically, the FPS pound is exclusively a unit of force, analogous to the #$Newton in the MKS system.  The usage here is occasioned primarily by the fact that interconversions between pounds and kilograms are often used in the terrestrial frame of reference.  In fact, the FPS unit of mass, analogous to the #$Kilogram in the MKS system, is called the 'slug'.  See also #$FPSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure, #$Pound-UnitOfForce.")

;;; #$Pourable
(#$isa #$Pourable #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$Pourable "A physical attribute.  #$Pourable is the structural attribute of a tangible thing that is capable of flowing.  #$Pourable things don't have intrinsic shape, but instead take the shape of their containers.  When acted on by a force, a #$Pourable thing changes shape at a rate proportional to the force.  (In addition, #$Pourable things may be easily separated into multiple pieces; however, such a separation is not a breaking or shearing.)  Semisolid mobs of particles, such as portions of sand or snow, are #$Pourable; but a gelatin-like semisolid is not.  See also #$SemiSolidTangibleThing.")

;;; #$Powdery
(#$isa #$Powdery #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Powdery #$Granular)
(#$genlAttributes #$Powdery #$Pourable)
(#$comment #$Powdery "A physical attribute.  #$Powdery is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute which describes a solid that has the form of a powder.  #$Powdery stuff is #$Pourable and composed of multiple granules of solids.")

;;; #$PoweredDevice
(#$isa #$PoweredDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PoweredDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$PoweredDevice "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of #$PoweredDevice is any device which requires some power input in order to perform its function.  The power supplied may be muscle power, kinetic energy, fuel, electricity, etc.
This is much more general than #$ElectricalDevice (qv), which is one of its subsets. #$PoweredDevice and #$NonPoweredDevice partition #$PhysicalDevice.")

;;; #$PrecipitationCloud
(#$isa #$PrecipitationCloud #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationCloud #$CloudInSky)
(#$comment #$PrecipitationCloud "The collection of clouds that emit #$PrecipitationParticles in instances of #$PrecipitationProcess.")

;;; #$PrecipitationParticle
(#$isa #$PrecipitationParticle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationParticle #$Particle)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationParticle #$Water)
(#$comment #$PrecipitationParticle "The collection of particles of liquid or solid water emitted by clouds in instances of #$PrecipitationProcess.")

;;; #$PrecipitationProcess
(#$isa #$PrecipitationProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationProcess #$ImmediateWeatherProcess)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationProcess #$Translation-SinglePath)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationProcess #$Translation-Complete)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationProcess #$Movement-TranslationProcess)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationProcess #$EmittingAnObject)
(#$genls #$PrecipitationProcess #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$comment #$PrecipitationProcess "A collection of physical processes; a subset of #$WeatherEvent.  Elements of #$PrecipitationProcess are meteorological processes in which atmospheric clouds precipitate rain, snow, or other forms of H2O precipitation.")

;;; #$Predicate
(#$isa #$Predicate #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$Predicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Predicate #$FunctionTheMathematicalType)
(#$comment #$Predicate "The set of all Cyc predicates.  Each element of #$Predicate is a truth-functional relationship in Cyc which takes some number of arguments; each of those arguments must be of some particular type.  For example, the predicate #$genls, which represents the subset/superset relation between collections, takes two arguments; each argument must be an element of #$Collection.  The numbers and types of arguments to particular predicates are specified by explicit assertions using #$arity, #$arg1Isa, #$arg2Isa, etc., #$arg1Genl, #$arg2Genl, etc.  Our example #$genls has #$arity 2, and both its #$arg1Isa and its #$arg2Isa have the value #$Collection.  







Informally, you can think of elements of #$Predicate as functions that always return either true or false.  More formally, when an element of #$Predicate is applied to the legal number and type of arguments, an expression is formed which is a well-formed formula (wff) in CycL.  Such expressions are called `atomic formulas' if they contain variables, and `gafs' (short for `ground atomic formulas') if they contain no variables.  







Note that in Cyc, relationships involving opaque contexts (such as modal contexts, propositional attitudes) are NOT included in #$Predicate; see #$ModalRelationship instead.  Quantifiers and logical operators are also excluded from #$Predicate; see #$Quantifier, #$LogicalConnective.











Currently (July 1996), the KB includes predicates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 arguments; i.e., #$arity may have a value between 1 and 5, inclusive.  The KB also includes some predicates of variable arity (see #$VariableArityRelation).  Unary predicates, which take just one single argument (e.g., `-- is a person' or `-- is white', are usually represented in Cyc by elements of #$Collection or #$AttributeValue, rather than of #$Predicate; but see also #$UnaryPredicate.  Naming strings for elements of #$Predicate always begin with a lowercase letter.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Predicate #$SENSUS-Information1997 "RELATIONALPROCESS")

;;; #$PredicateCategory
(#$isa #$PredicateCategory #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PredicateCategory #$RelationType)
(#$comment #$PredicateCategory "A collection of collections; a subset of #$RelationType.  Each element of #$PredicateCategory is a collection of Cyc #$Predicates.  Examples: #$TemporalPartSlot, #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot, #$FunctionalSlot, #$InterActorSlot, #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate, #$PropositionalAttitudeSlot.  See also the comment on #$Predicate.")

;;; #$PregnancyEndingEvent
(#$isa #$PregnancyEndingEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$PregnancyEndingEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$PregnancyEndingEvent #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$PregnancyEndingEvent #$BiologicalEvent)
(#$comment #$PregnancyEndingEvent "The collection of events which terminate a pregnancy, including birth, abortion, and miscarriage.")

;;; #$PreparationAttribute
(#$isa #$PreparationAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$PreparationAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$PreparationAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$PreparationAttribute is a characteristic of a piece of material (e.g., food) indicating (1) a type of physical preparation which that stuff has already undergone, and (2) something about its current, resulting condition.  Examples of #$PreparationAttribute which are applicable to food include: #$Baked, #$Fried, #$Toasted, #$Fermented, #$Grilled, #$Frozen, #$Dried, #$Raw.")

;;; #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
(#$isa #$PreparingFoodOrDrink #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$PreparingFoodOrDrink #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PreparingFoodOrDrink #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$PreparingFoodOrDrink #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$PreparingFoodOrDrink #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$comment #$PreparingFoodOrDrink "A collection of events.  Each element of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink is an event in which a single instance of #$FoodAndDrink is made ready to eat.  Preparation may begin `from scratch', with raw ingredients, or may use semi-prepared or `convenience' products (such as cake mixes, margarita mixes, or frozen foods).  Typical #$subEvents in elements of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or bartenders, including instances of #$ChoppingSomething, #$CookingFood, #$BakingFood, #$MixingAlcoholicDrinks, etc.  Each #$PreparingFoodOrDrink event ends when the item prepared is ready to eat.  This collection is NOT to include activities that a diner does with food at table (such as peeling, unwrapping, cutting into bitesized pieces), nor activities that a farmer does before food reaches market or kitchen (e.g., planting, harvesting).")

;;; #$Preposition
(#$isa #$Preposition #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$Preposition #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$Preposition "The collection of all prepositions. Prepositions are function words which usually take a noun phrase complement. They usually express temporal, spatial, or other relations. Example: `at'.")

;;; #$Prescriber
(#$isa #$Prescriber #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Prescriber #$MedicalCareProfessional)
(#$comment #$Prescriber "People who can prescribe medications.  Doctors are prescribers, as well as osteopaths and nurse-practitioners. ")

;;; #$PrescriptionDrug
(#$isa #$PrescriptionDrug #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$PrescriptionDrug #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$PrescriptionDrug #$DrugProduct)
(#$comment #$PrescriptionDrug "The collection of drugs that require a doctor's permission before obtaining or consuming them.")

;;; #$Preservative-Food
(#$isa #$Preservative-Food #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$Preservative-Food #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$Preservative-Food #$FoodIngredientOnly)
(#$comment #$Preservative-Food "Preservatives which are added to food to prevent spoilage.")

;;; #$PreservingFood
(#$isa #$PreservingFood #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$PreservingFood #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PreservingFood #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$PreservingFood #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$genls #$PreservingFood #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$PreservingFood "A collection of events.  Each instance of #$PreservingFood is an
event in which a single item of food or drink (a member of the
collection #$FoodAndDrink) is acted on to prevent its #$Spoiling.")

;;; #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState
(#$isa #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState #$HeadOfState)
(#$comment #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState is a person who holds the title of president of some element of #$Country, whether that title belongs to a position which is #$HeadOfState or #$HeadOfGovernment (or both). Examples: Boris Yeltsin, #$BillClinton, Jiang Zemin, Lee Dung-Hui.")

;;; #$Pressure
(#$isa #$Pressure #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Pressure #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Pressure #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Pressure "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Pressure represents a specific measure of a force exerted on some surface.  Degrees of #$Pressure may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions or with qualitative collections (e.g., #$BruisingPressure, #$FracturingPressure, #$ImperceptiblePressure).   Indicate the #$Pressure of a particular fluid with the predicate #$fluidPressure; indicate atmospheric pressure with #$barometricPressure.")

;;; #$Pride
(#$isa #$Pride #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Pride #$SelfConfidence)
(#$genls #$Pride #$Approval)
(#$comment #$Pride "Self-esteem based upon one's actions, possessions, or relationships.  #$Vanity is not necessarily entailed by #$Pride.  This is a collection; see #$Happiness.  More specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes include #$PrideOfMembership, #$PrideOfAccomplishment, #$Vanity, #$Patriotism, etc. ")

;;; #$PrimaryRoleUseRights
(#$isa #$PrimaryRoleUseRights #$UserRightsAttribute)
(#$comment #$PrimaryRoleUseRights "An attribute of an object with respect to an #$Agent, meaning that the agent who holds this kind of #$UserRightsAttribute to an object is allowed to use that object in events where it performs its #$primaryFunction.  A rental agreement typically gives the renter this kind of right to use of an object (such as a car, residence, videotape, etc.)  Just because you rent a car, though, does not give you the right to sell it, burn it up, or repaint it.")

;;; #$PrimaryUserRights
(#$isa #$PrimaryUserRights #$UserRightsAttribute)
(#$comment #$PrimaryUserRights "An attribute of an object with respect to an #$Agent, meaning that the agent who holds this kind of #$UserRightsAttribute to an object has priority to use that object, over other agents who can also claim a right to use it.  E.g., parents have #$PrimaryUserRights to the family car.  Note that the attribute #$PrimaryUserRights makes sense only for objects to which #$GroupUserRightsAttributes apply, since there must be multiple authorized users in order for priority of claims to occur.")

;;; #$Primate
(#$isa #$Primate #$BiologicalOrder)
(#$genls #$Primate #$Mammal)
(#$genls #$Primate #$TerrestrialOrganism)
(#$comment #$Primate "The collection of all primates.  The collection #$Primate includes the subsets #$Person, #$Ape, #$Monkey, etc.  #$Primate is an instance of #$BiologicalOrder in the #$BiologicalClass #$Mammal.")

;;; #$PrimeMinister-HeadOfGovernment
(#$isa #$PrimeMinister-HeadOfGovernment #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$PrimeMinister-HeadOfGovernment #$HeadOfGovernment)
(#$comment #$PrimeMinister-HeadOfGovernment "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$PrimeMinister-HeadOfGovernment is a person who holds the political office of Prime Minister in some element of #$Country.  Examples: John Major, Benjamin Netanyahu, Lien Chen, #$AndreasPapandreou.")

;;; #$PrimitiveAttributeType
(#$isa #$PrimitiveAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PrimitiveAttributeType #$AttributeType)
(#$comment #$PrimitiveAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$PrimitiveAttributeType is a collection of `primitive' attributes such as mass, distance, charge, and others which have a single (total) ordering on (usually) a real line.  Note: #$PrimitiveAttributeType excludes the elements of #$UnorderedAttributeType (e.g., gender).  Cf. #$CompositeAttributeType.")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$PrimitiveAttributeType #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SCALABLE-QUALITY")

;;; #$PrimitiveTemporalRelation
(#$isa #$PrimitiveTemporalRelation #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$PrimitiveTemporalRelation #$TemporalRelation)
(#$comment #$PrimitiveTemporalRelation "#$PrimitiveTemporalRelations specify temporal relations between #$TimePoints.  The only two binary predicates which are elements of this set are #$after and #$simultaneousWith.
Note: The predicate `before' is unnecessary since (before x y) would be the same thing as (#$after y x))")

;;; #$PrivateSectorEmployee
(#$isa #$PrivateSectorEmployee #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$PrivateSectorEmployee #$Professional)
(#$comment #$PrivateSectorEmployee "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$PrivateSectorEmployee is a worker who is not paid a salary or wage by a governmental organization.  For example, employees of publicly traded corporations are elements of #$PrivateSectorEmployee.  Note: Private sector employees may contract with a government organization as consultants, however.")

;;; #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation
(#$isa #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation #$LegalCorporation)
(#$genls #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation #$Business)
(#$comment #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation "An incorporated business whose stock, if it exists, is not

traded publicly on some stock exchange. Businesses that are traded publicly are instances of #$PubliclyHeldCorporation.")

;;; #$ProblemSolvingCntxt
(#$isa #$ProblemSolvingCntxt #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$ProblemSolvingCntxt #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$isa #$ProblemSolvingCntxt #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ProblemSolvingCntxt #$Microtheory)
(#$comment #$ProblemSolvingCntxt "The collection of microtheories that are used in applications as a means to reason about particular situations.  Every original query takes place in some #$ProblemSolvingCntxt (as opposed to a #$GeneralMicrotheory) which has access --- via the #$genlMt relation --- to other relevant microtheories, all the way up to the most general one, the #$BaseKB.  A #$ProblemSolvingCntxt is ususally created temporarily for the problem at hand, and is discarded after the problem is dealt with (unlike a #$GeneralMicrotheory, which is created for lasting use).")

;;; #$ProcessPredicate
(#$isa #$ProcessPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$ProcessPredicate #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$comment #$ProcessPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$ProcessPredicate is a predicate used in assertions that describe processes.  For example, #$resourcesAvailable, #$amountOfEnergyUsed, #$signalState, #$toPossessor, #$primaryActivityType, #$exports, #$monetaryValue.")

;;; #$Product
(#$isa #$Product #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$Product #$Individual)
(#$comment #$Product "A collection of things.  Elements of #$Product are individual goods, services, investments, etc.--basically, anything which is offered (or may be exchanged) for money or trade.  Examples: a Lexus sedan, a package of McDonald's french fries, a massage, a bouquet of flowers, a share in a money market fund, the services of a real estate agent, a research satellite.")

;;; #$ProductStandard
(#$isa #$ProductStandard #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$ProductStandard #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$genls #$ProductStandard #$IntangibleExistingThing)
(#$comment #$ProductStandard "A collection of specifications.  Each element of #$ProductStandard is a precise description applied to the instances of a particular #$ProductType.  Manufacturers of that product type agree explicitly or in practice, or they may obey a government requirement, to make product designs following the specifications stated in the standard, so that products within the type will all have certain features in common.  For example, telephones and television sets fulfil certain product standards.  The resultant interchangeability allows compatibility with other devices and products, with public utilities, commercial trading expectations, governement purchasing requirements, etc.")

;;; #$ProductType
(#$isa #$ProductType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ProductType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$ProductType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$ProductType is a collection of things--i.e., some kind of substances, objects, actions--at least some of which are produced and/or performed and sold as products.  Not all elements in such a #$ProductType collection must be products, but some are.  Examples of #$ProductType: #$DairyProduct, #$HardDiskDrive, #$PlasticWrap, etc.  Note that #$ProductType is not a subset of either #$ObjectType or #$StuffType, because there are products of both kinds (e.g., #$Rice-Foodstuff is a #$ProductType but not an #$ObjectType).  *Many* of the collections which are elements of #$ProductType will, however, be an #$isa either #$ObjectType or #$StuffType.")

;;; #$Professional
(#$isa #$Professional #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Professional #$Person)
(#$comment #$Professional "A set of agents.  Elements of #$Professional are agents who spend a significant part of their waking hours doing activities that are characteristic of some occupation, skilled or unskilled.  However, elements of #$Professional need not be working the entire duration of when they are a professional, such as a #$Professor on summer break, or someone who is temporarily unemployed.  The elements of #$Professional are persons, most of whom belong to at least one such collection during some portion of their lives.  Typically their actions are performed for pay, but not always (e.g., #$Artist-Visual).  What are colloquially considered professions or occupations are subsets of #$Professional; for example, #$LumberJack, #$Scientist, #$Lifeguard, #$StockBroker, #$Technician, #$CraftWorker, #$Housekeeper, #$SportsCoach, #$Athlete, #$LegalProfessional, #$Publicist, #$CrewMemberOnShip, #$SelfEmployedWorker (and many more).  Additionally, other subsets of #$Professional classify workers according to other features of their working life besides skills; e.g., #$SelfEmployedWorker, #$DeskWorker.   Subsets may be general (e.g., #$DeskWorker, #$Doctor-Medical) or specialized (e.g., #$ContinuingEdProgramCoordinator, #$PediatricNeuroSurgeon).  Elements of #$Professional are people: #$MaryShepherd (#$HumanCyclist), #$MichaelJordan (#$Athlete), #$AlfredNorthWhitehead (#$Philosopher), #$Michelangelo (#$Sculptor, #$PainterFineArtist), #$BillClinton (#$UnitedStatesPresident), etc.")

;;; #$ProfessionalOffice
(#$isa #$ProfessionalOffice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ProfessionalOffice #$LocalCustomerContactPoint)
(#$comment #$ProfessionalOffice "A collection of organizations.  Every element of #$ProfessionalOffice is a #$SingleSiteOrganization comprising one or more professionals (physicians, dentists, lawyers, accountants, etc.) and their support staff.")

;;; #$ProkaryoticCell
(#$isa #$ProkaryoticCell #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ProkaryoticCell #$Cell)
(#$genls #$ProkaryoticCell #$SingleCellOrganism)
(#$comment #$ProkaryoticCell "The subset of #$SingleCellOrganism whose members are single-celled but lack nuclei and mitochondria.  The members of the #$MoneraKingdom all belong to the collection #$ProkaryoticCell, which includes the subsets #$Bacterium and #$BlueGreenAlgae.  #$ProkaryoticCell excludes viruses, protista, prions, and rickettsia.  Unlike the elements of #$EukaryoticCell, prokaryotic cells are never assembled into multicellular organisms.")

;;; #$Promise
(#$isa #$Promise #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Promise #$IllocutionaryForce)
(#$comment #$Promise "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of #$Promise consists of a piece of information contained (perhaps implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention of assuring the listener that s/he, the speaker, will in the future perform the action described in that utterance and/or bring about the situation described therein.  A promise, unlike an offer, is not conditional on the acceptance of the listener.   `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.  See also #$IllocutionaryForce, #$MakingAPromise.")

;;; #$Pronoun
(#$isa #$Pronoun #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$Pronoun #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$Pronoun "The collection of all pronouns. Pronouns are indexicals which can replace nouns. Example: `she'.")

;;; #$ProperNameString
(#$isa #$ProperNameString #$IDStringType)
(#$genls #$ProperNameString #$IDString)
(#$comment #$ProperNameString "The collection of all proper names, considered as character strings.  This includes, as elements, city names such as ``Dallas'', people's names such as ``Douglas'', company names such as ``Apple'', conference names, book titles, etc.")

;;; #$ProperNoun
(#$isa #$ProperNoun #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$ProperNoun #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$ProperNoun "The collection of all proper nouns. Proper nouns are usually capitalized, and they usually denote some particular person, place, or thing.  Many proper nouns cannot be preceded by a determiner, and many have no plural form.  Example: `Dallas'.")

;;; #$Proposal
(#$isa #$Proposal #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$Proposal #$Agreement)
(#$comment #$Proposal "A collection of agreements.  Each element of #$Proposal is an agreement to which only one party (namely, the proposer) has agreed.  Proposals are usually part of some #$Negotiating process.  If a proposal is accepted by all parties, they all then become #$agreeingAgents in an agreement based on that proposal.  For example, an instance of #$BidOnSale states the terms at which a potential seller will supply goods to the agent who requested bids.  If a particular seller's bid is accepted, then some instance of #$SalesContract is drawn up to which both parties agree; it includes the terms of the bid, along with any additions such as information about how or when the buyer will pay.")

;;; #$Proposition
(#$isa #$Proposition #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Proposition #$AbstractInformation)
(#$genls #$Proposition #$ComputationalObject)
(#$comment #$Proposition "A collection of computational objects.  Each element of #$Proposition is an abstract propositional claim that has some truth value in some world.  An abstract proposition is assumed to be representable by a statement in some logical language, and usually in one or more natural languages.  Most formal languages (such as predicate calculus) and natural languages (such as English) are capable of composing propositions from fragments that are other propositions.  Elements of the subset #$CycFormula (q.v.) are statements in such a language.")

;;; #$PropositionalAttitudeSlot
(#$isa #$PropositionalAttitudeSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$PropositionalAttitudeSlot #$ModalRelationship)
(#$genls #$PropositionalAttitudeSlot #$IntangibleObjectPredicate)
(#$genls #$PropositionalAttitudeSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$PropositionalAttitudeSlot "The collection of #$BinaryPredicates in Cyc which represent the various propositional attitudes.  Examples include #$beliefs, #$desires, #$biases, #$knows, #$opinions, #$expects, #$intends, #$goals, #$notices, etc.")

;;; #$PropositionalInformationThing
(#$isa #$PropositionalInformationThing #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$isa #$PropositionalInformationThing #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$PropositionalInformationThing #$MentalObject)
(#$genls #$PropositionalInformationThing #$Microtheory)
(#$comment #$PropositionalInformationThing "A collection of intangible objects.  Each element of #$PropositionalInformationThing is a chunk of abstract propositional information (`a PIT' abbreviates `a propositional information thing').  Such a chunk of information may consist of one or more propositions.  The propositional content of a PIT is not intrinsically encoded in any particular language, but it may be representable in many languages.  PITs are used to represent the meaningful contents of information bearing things.  Physical things--objects or events--which are elements of #$InformationBearingThing are linked to the abstract PIT contents they embody, by using the predicate #$containsInformation (q.v.).  An element of #$PropositionalInformationThing may be something as simple as the information content of a command to stop one's vehicle, expressed verbally or symbolically in a road sign or in a traffic officer's gesture; or a PIT may be something as complex as the entire contemporary knowledge of #$Mathematics, which is embodied in many and various sources.  More examples: the story embodied in a showing of the movie `Citizen Kane', the information in my resume, the content of a conversation in American Sign Language, and the information contained in the #$CycKB, may all be represented as PITs.
Note that the collection #$PropositionalInformationThing is a subset of #$Microtheory, which makes the Cyc inference mechanisms for handling microtheories available to manage the propositional content of information bearing things.  See also #$Microtheory and #$ist-Information.")

;;; #$ProtectiveAttire
(#$isa #$ProtectiveAttire #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ProtectiveAttire #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ProtectiveAttire #$SomethingToWear)
(#$genls #$ProtectiveAttire #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$comment #$ProtectiveAttire "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$ProtectiveAttire is something to wear that is designed for protection from the elements or from injury.  Some subsets of #$ProtectiveAttire include the collections #$SnowGoggles, #$SurgicalGlove, #$WeldingMask, #$Helmet, #$BoxingHeadGear, #$FaceMaskForCatcher, #$FirefightersCoat, #$RainGear.")

;;; #$ProtheticSlot
(#$isa #$ProtheticSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$ProtheticSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$ProtheticSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$ProtheticSlot is a binary predicate whose range of values, for any particular element in its domain, must form at least a partial ordering.  Examples: #$arity, #$latitude, #$pathGrade, #$faxNumberPrefix, #$streetOfAddress.")

;;; #$ProtistaKingdom
(#$isa #$ProtistaKingdom #$BiologicalKingdom)
(#$comment #$ProtistaKingdom "A #$BiologicalKingdom proposed to include primarily single-celled, eukaryotic organisms such as #$Algae, $#Protozoans, and #$SlimeMolds.")

;;; #$Proton
(#$isa #$Proton #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Proton #$Nucleon)
(#$comment #$Proton "A collection of objects; a subset of #$Nucleon.  Each instance of #$Proton is a nucleon which has an #$ElectricalCharge of +1.")

;;; #$Protozoan
(#$isa #$Protozoan #$BiologicalSubkingdom)
(#$genls #$Protozoan #$SingleCellOrganism)
(#$genls #$Protozoan #$EukaryoticCell)
(#$comment #$Protozoan "The collection of protozoa; a subset of #$SingleCellOrganism.  Elements of #$Protozoan are also elements of #$EukaryoticCell.  Subsets include #$Amoeba and many others.  Protozoa lack cell walls made of cellulose.  Many protozoa are motile, using pseudopoda, cilia, or flagella to move.  Some cause diseases in larger organisms.  The class #$Protozoan is an instance of #$BiologicalSubkingdom in many classification systems, sometimes placed under the #$ProtistaKingdom.")

;;; #$PsychologicalAilment
(#$isa #$PsychologicalAilment #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$PsychologicalAilment #$AilmentCondition)
(#$comment #$PsychologicalAilment "The collection of ailments that are classified as psychological due to their origin and/or manifestation in the mind of the sufferer rather than (or at least in addition to, and perhaps causing) manifestations in the sufferer's body.  Having a brain tumor is not an element of this collection, but imagining that you have one is an element of #$PsychologicalAilment, and so is the deep case of depression you fall into once you believe (rightly or wrongly) that you have a brain tumor.  Some subsets of this collection are the collections #$Phobia, #$Depression-PsychologicalCondition, and #$PanicAttack.")

;;; #$PublicEvent
(#$isa #$PublicEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$PublicEvent #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$PublicEvent "The collection of #$Events which occur in front of, or in the contemporaneous awareness of, a large number of #$Persons -- #$ThePublic.  Usually these are intended to be public events, such as the Olympics, a public beheading, etc.")

;;; #$PublicOfficial
(#$isa #$PublicOfficial #$PositionType)
(#$genls #$PublicOfficial #$PublicSectorEmployee)
(#$comment #$PublicOfficial "A collection of persons; a subset of #$PublicSectorEmployee.  Each element of #$PublicOfficial is a person who holds a position that is directly involved with some aspect of governing a country (or a sub-region of it).  Many public offices in democratically governed countries are filled by election; some are filled by appointment.  In other countries, public offices are sometimes filled by succession or by military decree.
Note: Cyc represents a public office, such as #$Mayor or #$UnitedStatesPresident, as the collection of officials who have held that office, together with axioms describing their responsibilities.  #$PublicOfficial is a #$PositionType.")

;;; #$PublicSectorEmployee
(#$isa #$PublicSectorEmployee #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$PublicSectorEmployee #$Professional)
(#$comment #$PublicSectorEmployee "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$PublicSectorEmployee is a person who is employed by a local, state (or provincial), or national government.  This collection includes both those who are employed directly in government administration (e.g., elected and appointed officials, tax officers, police and military personnel, other regulatory agents) and those who are employed in support services wholly funded by the government (e.g., postal employees, public school teachers, firefighters, unionized government workers, etc.).")

;;; #$PubliclyHeldCorporation
(#$isa #$PubliclyHeldCorporation #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PubliclyHeldCorporation #$Business)
(#$genls #$PubliclyHeldCorporation #$LegalCorporation)
(#$comment #$PubliclyHeldCorporation "A collection of businesses; a subset of #$LegalCorporation.  An element of #$PubliclyHeldCorporation is an incorporated business whose #$Stock is traded publicly on some stock exchange or another public securities market.  Businesses that are not traded publicly are instances of #$PrivatelyHeldCorporation.")

;;; #$PublishedMaterial
(#$isa #$PublishedMaterial #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$PublishedMaterial #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$PublishedMaterial "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of #$PublishedMaterial is an IBO that belongs to a set of multiple copies which have identical information contents, embodied in similar physical form, and which have been produced for distribution.  #$PublishedMaterial includes the published elements of #$TextualMaterial (e.g., books and magazines); software duplicated for sale or distribution; and mass-produced elements of #$RecordedSoundProduct.  Periodicals, advertisements, commercial films, annual business reports, tax schedules, all are sub-classes of #$PublishedMaterial.  Examples of #$PublishedMaterial: Cycorp's copy of `The New York Times' for July 4, 1996; my paperback copy of the novel `Parade's End'; Bill's copy of OS/2; Lisa's copy of `The White Album'.  See also #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType.")

;;; #$PulverizationEvent
(#$isa #$PulverizationEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PulverizationEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$genls #$PulverizationEvent #$Separation-Complete)
(#$genls #$PulverizationEvent #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$comment #$PulverizationEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$PulverizationEvent, some #$SolidTangibleThing is turned into #$Powder or a #$LiquidStateOfMatter through the application of a force.")

;;; #$PureCompound
(#$isa #$PureCompound #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$PureCompound #$InanimateThing)
(#$genls #$PureCompound #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$PureCompound "A collection of tangible stuffs.  Each instance of #$PureCompound is a chemically pure portion of stuff belonging to some particular #$ChemicalCompoundType (e.g., #$Carbon, #$Water, #$Cellulose).  `Chemically pure' applies to a piece of stuff which has no sub-portions which fail to conform to the chemical composition of its (single) #$ChemicalCompoundType.  Since this kind of purity is relative to specified chemical composition only, #$PureCompound (and #$PureFn) does not pertain to mixtures in Cyc (such as #$Air).  Cf. #$Mixture, #$ChemicalCompoundType.")

;;; #$PureCompoundType
(#$isa #$PureCompoundType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$PureCompoundType #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$comment #$PureCompoundType "A collection of collections.  Every instance of #$PureCompoundType is a collection which is a subset of both #$PureCompound and of some particular #$ChemicalCompoundType (e.g., #$Carbon, #$Water, #$Cellulose).  Each instance of #$PureCompoundType is defined ONLY by the properties of its #$ChemicalCompoundType, and of #$PureCompound (q.v.).  For example, (#$PureFn #$Fructose) is an instance of #$PureCompoundType, but the subsets of #$Fructose, such as (say) `pure fructose derived from honey' would not be instances of #$PureCompoundType.")

;;; #$PureFn
(#$isa #$PureFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$PureFn #$PureCompoundType)
(#$resultGenl #$PureFn #$PureCompound)
(#$arg1Isa #$PureFn #$ChemicalCompoundType)
(#$arg1Genl #$PureFn #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$PureFn "#$PureFn is a Cyc function, specifically a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$PureFn X) denotes the subset of the #$ChemicalCompoundType X whose instances are chemically pure.  Note that #$PureFn can be applied only to instances of #$ChemicalCompoundType (such as #$Fructose or #$Water), but not to mixtures (such as #$Air).  See also #$PureCompound.")

;;; #$PureSpace
(#$isa #$PureSpace #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$PureSpace #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$PureSpace "The collection of all portions, regions, or quantities of empty space (whether connected in one piece or unconnected, in multiple pieces).  The meaning of `empty' depends on context. A high energy physics microtheory might define `empty' as containing no particles, thus an element of #$PureSpace would be a complete vacuum.  But an element of #$PureSpace in #$AmbientConditionsMt would be a piece of #$Atmosphere.  An undersea context could treat #$PureSpace as seawater.  Elements of #$PureSpace are not committed to tangibility, so elements may be intangible or abstract pieces of space.")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$PureSpace #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SPACE")

;;; #$PureTime
(#$isa #$PureTime #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$PureTime #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$comment #$PureTime "Abstract time itself, including all time from the past, present and future, irrespective of any defining (relevant) #$Events, or containing no (relevant) #$Events.   Elements are always intangible, abstract featureless times, either all of time or some temporal event-free or relevant-event-free subpart thereof.  An instance of #$PureTime need not have any starting or ending points, either defined or implicit.  #$PureTime is 'empty' of relevant or salient #$Events;  what is relevant or salient depends on the context.   In a physics context, the background buzz of atoms may be relevant events, whereas that would not be relevant during a non-state-change of an electronic device, or a boring wait for a train.  See also #$TimeInterval.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$PureTime #$SENSUS-Information1997 "TIME")

;;; #$PurposefulAction
(#$isa #$PurposefulAction #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$PurposefulAction #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$PurposefulAction #$MentalActivity)
(#$genls #$PurposefulAction #$Action)
(#$comment #$PurposefulAction "#$PurposefulAction is the collection of actions in which at least one actor is consciously, volitionally, purposefully doing the action (i.e., there is one or more #$deliberateActors (q.v.)).")

;;; #$PuttingOnAClothingItem
(#$isa #$PuttingOnAClothingItem #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$PuttingOnAClothingItem #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$PuttingOnAClothingItem #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$PuttingOnAClothingItem #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$comment #$PuttingOnAClothingItem "A collection of events.  Each element of #$PuttingOnAClothingItem is an event in which some wearable item is donned.  Such an event may be performed either by the wearer or by someone else (e.g., putting on a horse's bridle or a child's mittens).  After an element of #$PuttingOnAClothingItem occurs, there exists an element of #$WearingSomething (q.v.), i.e., the situation in which the item donned is #$wornOn the body of the wearer.")

;;; #$QualitativeTimeOfDay
(#$isa #$QualitativeTimeOfDay #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$QualitativeTimeOfDay #$Event)
(#$comment #$QualitativeTimeOfDay "Instances of #$QualitativeTimeOfDay are #$Events, not just #$TimeIntervals.  They are celestial events such as instances of #$Dawn, #$Morning, #$Evening, etc.   On #$PlanetEarth, each of these is of course synchronized with the daily cycle of the calendar, but its absolute timing (#$startingPoint and #$endingPoint) depends on the season and the observer's location on the planet's surface.")

;;; #$Quantifier
(#$isa #$Quantifier #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$Quantifier #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$Quantifier "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of #$Quantifier represents a relationship between a variable and a formula.  In Cyc, a quantifier binds the variable found in its first argument within the formula that appears as its second argument.  Elements of #$Quantifier in CycL include #$forAll, #$thereExists, #$thereExistExactly, #$thereExistAtLeast, #$thereExistAtMost.")

;;; #$QuantitySlot
(#$isa #$QuantitySlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$QuantitySlot #$ProtheticSlot)
(#$comment #$QuantitySlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$QuantitySlot is a binary predicate that takes a quantity as the value of its second argument.  In Cyc, those quantities are elements of #$ScalarInterval (q.v.).  Examples of #$QuantitySlot: #$distanceTranslated, #$spatialExtent, #$densityOfObject.  See also #$IntervalBasedQuantitySlot.")

;;; #$QuarterFn
(#$isa #$QuarterFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$QuarterFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$QuarterFn #$CalendarQuarter)
(#$arg1Isa #$QuarterFn #$PositiveInteger)
(#$arg2Isa #$QuarterFn #$CalendarYear)
(#$comment #$QuarterFn "(#$QuarterFn ?N ?YR) denotes the Nth #$CalendarQuarter of the year ?YR. For example, (#$QuarterFn 2 (#$YearFn 1966)) denotes the second quarter of 1966.")

;;; #$QuartersDuration
(#$isa #$QuartersDuration #$UnitOfTime)
(#$isa #$QuartersDuration #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$QuartersDuration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$QuartersDuration #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$QuartersDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$argsIsa #$QuartersDuration #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$QuartersDuration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of #$Time.  An expression of the form (#$QuartersDuration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is at least ?min quarter-years and at most ?max quarter-years.  (#$QuartersDuration ?num) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is exactly ?num quarter-years.")

;;; #$QuasiOrderedSet
(#$isa #$QuasiOrderedSet #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$QuasiOrderedSet #$SetWithStructure)
(#$comment #$QuasiOrderedSet "The collection of all quasiordered sets (also called quasiorders, semiorders, quosets or pseudo-ordered sets), each being a #$SetWithStructure consisting of a set together with a quasiordering relation on that set.   Mathematical #$PartiallyOrderedSets, including directed chains, trees, forests, and lattices, are special cases of #$QuasiOrderedSet, but unlike the former, #$QuasiOrderedSets can have relational cycles.  The quasiordering relation is defined on the associated set, and is transitive on that set and reflexive on that set (it need not be antisymmetric, asymmetric or symmetric on that set).   Sometimes the members of the #$QuasiOrderedSet are called its nodes, and the non-redundant (transitively reduced) pairwise relations between the nodes are called its links.  A #$QuasiOrderedSet may be finite or infinite, and connected or unconnected.  (Note: A #$QuasiOrderedSet is not a #$SetOrCollection, rather it is a #$SetWithStructure that has an associated #$SetOrCollection.)")

;;; #$QuaternaryPredicate
(#$isa #$QuaternaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$isa #$QuaternaryPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$QuaternaryPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$QuaternaryPredicate "#$QuaternaryPredicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take four arguments.")

;;; #$Query
(#$isa #$Query #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Query #$IllocutionaryForce)
(#$comment #$Query "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of #$Query consists of a piece of information contained (perhaps implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention of asking the listener whether the state of affairs described in the utterance in fact holds.  The speaker's ultimate goal may be either to learn the information or to test the knowledge of the agent queried.   `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.  See also #$IllocutionaryForce, #$RequestingInformation.")

;;; #$QuintaryPredicate
(#$isa #$QuintaryPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$QuintaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$QuintaryPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$QuintaryPredicate "#$QuintaryPredicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take five arguments.")

;;; #$QuotientFn
(#$isa #$QuotientFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$QuotientFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$QuotientFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg2Isa #$QuotientFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$QuotientFn "#$QuotientFn is the division operator, a binary mathematical function.  (#$QuotientFn DIVIDEND DIVISOR) yields a new quantity that is the result of dividing the DIVIDEND by DIVISOR.  For example, (#$QuotientFn 24 6) returns 4.")

;;; #$RSTRelation
(#$isa #$RSTRelation #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$RSTRelation #$IntangibleObjectPredicate)
(#$comment #$RSTRelation "A set of predicates describing possible relations between text constituents. These predicates are roughly adopted from work in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann & Thompson) and the SENSUS ontology (Hovy). Typically, these relations serve as necessary coherence links between segments of a text.")

;;; #$RadiallySymmetricObject
(#$isa #$RadiallySymmetricObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RadiallySymmetricObject #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$RadiallySymmetricObject "The collection of objects which are radially symmetric, such as wheels, starfish, etc.")

;;; #$Radian
(#$isa #$Radian #$UnitOfAngularDistance)
(#$isa #$Radian #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Radian #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Radian #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$resultIsa #$Radian #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Radian #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Radian "This is the basic unit of angular measure.  2 radians make a complete circle.")

;;; #$RadiansPerSecond
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecond #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecond #$UnitOfAngularSpeed)
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecond #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecond #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$RadiansPerSecond #$RateOfRotation)
(#$resultIsa #$RadiansPerSecond #$Rate)
(#$resultIsa #$RadiansPerSecond #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$RadiansPerSecond #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$RadiansPerSecond "The basic measure of #$RateOfRotation.")

;;; #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration)
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond #$MKSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond #$AngularAccelerationRate)
(#$resultIsa #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$RadiansPerSecondPerSecond "The basic measure of angular acceleration")

;;; #$RadiationResistance
(#$isa #$RadiationResistance #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$RadiationResistance #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$RadiationResistance #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$RadiationResistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$RadiationResistance represents a specific capacity of a tangible object to resist radiation.  Degrees of #$RadiationResistance may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions.  Indicate a particular object's #$RadiationResistance with the predicate #$resistanceToRadiation.")

;;; #$RadioWave
(#$isa #$RadioWave #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$RadioWave #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$RadioWave #$ElectromagneticRadiation)
(#$comment #$RadioWave "A collection of events; a subset of #$ElectromagneticRadiation. Each element of #$RadioWave is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately 1 centimeters (1x10^8 #$Angstrom) to 3,000,000 meters (3x10^18 #$Angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 10^8 #$Hertz to 10^2 #$Hertz.  This includes the spectrum for RadioWave-UHF, RadioWave-VHF, RadioWave-FM, RadioWave-AM, and several other types of common use #$ElectromagneticRadiation.")

;;; #$RailroadStation-Physical
(#$isa #$RailroadStation-Physical #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RailroadStation-Physical #$Building)
(#$comment #$RailroadStation-Physical "The collection of all railroad stations (train station buildings).  These are buildings located near railroad tracks and their primary purpose is to be a place where trains discharge and receive passengers (and possibly freight).")

;;; #$Railway
(#$isa #$Railway #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Railway #$PathForWheeledVehicles)
(#$comment #$Railway "The collection of all pathways made of RailroadTracks and used for train transportation.  It includes main lines and sidings.")

;;; #$RainProcess
(#$isa #$RainProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$RainProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$RainProcess #$PrecipitationProcess)
(#$comment #$RainProcess "The collection of events in which the condensed liquid water in clouds forms droplets (or ice cystals which subsequently melt) substantial enough to fall to the surface of the earth.")

;;; #$Raindrop
(#$isa #$Raindrop #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Raindrop 
  (#$LiquidFn #$Water))
(#$genls #$Raindrop #$PrecipitationParticle)
(#$comment #$Raindrop "The collection of drops of liquid water emitted by clouds in instances of #$RainProcess.")

;;; #$Raininess
(#$isa #$Raininess #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Raininess #$WeatherAttribute)
(#$genls #$Raininess #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Raininess #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Raininess "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$ScalarInterval.  Each element of #$Raininess describes the intensity with which it is raining at an #$OutdoorLocation.  (At the low extreme, it is not raining at all.)  Degrees of raininess may be represented qualitatively (e.g., #$Rainy), or using #$GenericValueFunctions.  The raininess of a location is indicated with the predicate #$raininessOfRegion.")

;;; #$Rainy
(#$isa #$Rainy #$Raininess)
(#$genlAttributes #$Rainy #$Cloudy)
(#$comment #$Rainy "The #$WeatherAttribute that characterizes an #$OutdoorLocation at which it is raining.")

;;; #$Rate
(#$isa #$Rate #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$Rate #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Rate "A subset of #$ScalarInterval, whose elements are an amount of some property, taken with respect to some unit of time.  Elements of #$Rate include, for example, the instances of #$Speed (e.g., 55 mph), #$Frequency (e.g., 55 kHz), #$MonetaryFlowRate (e.g., 55 cents per minute).  See #$UnitOfRate for the units used by Cyc to measure rates (e.g., #$DollarsPerYear, #$MetersPerSecond).")

;;; #$RateOfRotation
(#$isa #$RateOfRotation #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$RateOfRotation #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$RateOfRotation #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$RateOfRotation "A collection of scalar rates of rotation.")

;;; #$RationalNumber
(#$isa #$RationalNumber #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$RationalNumber #$RealNumber)
(#$comment #$RationalNumber "The collection of all rational numbers; a subset of #$RealNumber.  Each element of #$RationalNumber is a number that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers, i.e., a ratio.  For example, 3/4, 2 1/8, 0.3333333..., 11/5.")

;;; #$Reading
(#$isa #$Reading #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Reading #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Reading #$AccessingAnIBT)
(#$genls #$Reading #$Perceiving)
(#$comment #$Reading "The collection of acts of reading #$TextualMaterial.  These may be for extracting some sort of information from the text, for entertainment, for prurient stimulation, or to test reading skills.")

;;; #$RealEstate
(#$isa #$RealEstate #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$RealEstate #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$RealEstate #$SolidTangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$RealEstate "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of #$RealEstate is either a parcel of land or a land-based property that can be bought, sold, or rented.  This includes buildings and parts of buildings such as office suites or condominiums, as well as parcels of land.  Some prominent examples: #$GuantanamoNavalBase, #$NewYorkHiltonAtBroadway, #$WorldTradeCenter.")

;;; #$RealNumber
(#$isa #$RealNumber #$Collection)
(#$isa #$RealNumber #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$RealNumber #$ScalarPointValue)
(#$genls #$RealNumber #$IntervalOnNumberLine)
(#$genls #$RealNumber #$Number-General)
(#$comment #$RealNumber "The collection of all the minimal intervals (i.e., points) on the number line; a subset of #$IntervalOnNumberLine.  Each element of #$RealNumber is a single point on the real number line, from #$MinusInfinity to #$PlusInfinity.  Subsets of #$RealNumber include #$Integer, #$RationalNumber, #$NegativeNumber, #$PrimeNumber, and others. 
Note: Real numbers, like other elements of #$IntervalOnNumberLine, are measured along a single number `line'; but complex numbers, quaternions, etc., are n-tuples of numbers, and therefore are elements of #$NTupleInterval. For example, #$ComplexNumber is a subset of #$NTupleInterval")

;;; #$Receiving
(#$isa #$Receiving #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Receiving #$TransferIn)
(#$comment #$Receiving "A collection of events; a subset of #$GeneralizedTransfer.  Each element of #$Receiving is an event in which something `comes in' to an object.  Typically, a receiving has associated with it an element of #$Translocation; a particular receiving and its associated translocation(s) are related by the predicate #$transferInSubEvent.  If the thing which `comes in' is an instance of #$PartiallyTangible (such as a baseball, or a SCUD missile), then its reception belongs to the specialized subset, #$ReceivingAnObject (q.v.).  If the translocation associated with the receiving is an instance of #$WavePropagation (such as a radio broadcast, or heat radiation from the Sun), then the receiving belongs to the subset #$ReceivingAWave (q.v.).")

;;; #$ReceivingAWave
(#$isa #$ReceivingAWave #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$ReceivingAWave #$Receiving)
(#$comment #$ReceivingAWave "A collection of events; a subset of #$Receiving.  Each element of #$ReceivingAWave is an event in which an instance of #$WavePropagation is received at a #$toLocation.  For example, my CD player receiving an infrared signal from the remote control; hearing a sound of distant thunder; a radio telescope receiving signals from a celestial body. See also #$WavePropagation.")

;;; #$ReceivingAnObject
(#$isa #$ReceivingAnObject #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ReceivingAnObject #$Receiving)
(#$comment #$ReceivingAnObject "A collection of events, #$ReceivingAnObject is a subset of the collection #$Receiving.  An instance of #$ReceivingAnObject is an event in which there is some #$PartiallyTangible which is the #$objectMoving, i.e., the thing which `comes in' to the receiver (the #$toLocation).  For example, the #$objectMoving on an occasion when Lynn Swann received a pass from Terry Bradshaw during a Steelers' game would be a football (i.e., some instance of #$Football-American) and the passing/receiving event itself would be a #$ReceivingAnObject.")

;;; #$RecordedSoundProduct
(#$isa #$RecordedSoundProduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$RecordedSoundProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$RecordedSoundProduct #$PartiallyTangibleProduct)
(#$genls #$RecordedSoundProduct #$PublishedMaterial)
(#$comment #$RecordedSoundProduct "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of #$PublishedMaterial.  Each element of #$RecordedSoundProduct is a sound recording which is one of a class of similar recordings with the same information content.  Typically, #$RecordedSoundProduct includes audio recordings (on audio cassettes, CDs, vinyl records) prepared and duplicated for sale as a product.  See also #$AudioRecordedObject.")

;;; #$RecordedVideoProduct
(#$isa #$RecordedVideoProduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$RecordedVideoProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$RecordedVideoProduct #$PublishedMaterial)
(#$genls #$RecordedVideoProduct #$PartiallyTangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$RecordedVideoProduct "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of #$PublishedMaterial.  Each element of #$RecordedVideoProduct is a video recording which is one of a class of similar recordings with the same information content.  Typically, #$RecordedVideoProduct includes video recordings (on videotape, laserdiscs, etc.) prepared and duplicated for sale as a product.  See also #$VideoRecording.")

;;; #$RecoveringFromAilment
(#$isa #$RecoveringFromAilment #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$RecoveringFromAilment #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$RecoveringFromAilment #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$RecoveringFromAilment #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$RecoveringFromAilment "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$RecoveringFromAilment, some member of #$BiologicalLivingObject recovers from an #$AilmentCondition it has at the beginning of this recovery period.")

;;; #$RectangularSolidFn
(#$isa #$RectangularSolidFn #$ShapeFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$RectangularSolidFn #$AbstractShape)
(#$arg1Isa #$RectangularSolidFn #$Distance)
(#$arg2Isa #$RectangularSolidFn #$Distance)
(#$arg3Isa #$RectangularSolidFn #$Distance)
(#$comment #$RectangularSolidFn "The Cyc function #$RectangularSolidFn is a #$ShapeFunction (q.v.).  (#$RectangularSolidFn LN BR HT) returns an abstract rectangular solid of length LN, breadth BR, and height HT.  For example, the #$shape of a 2-by-4 stud is #$Rectangular3DShape; it #$fitsIn the shape denoted by (#$RectangularSolidFn (#$Inch 2) (#$Inch 4) (#$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 8)).")

;;; #$ReferenceWork
(#$isa #$ReferenceWork #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ReferenceWork #$TextualMaterial)
(#$comment #$ReferenceWork "The set of all documents that provide a more or less non-speculative, `fact-oriented,' comprehensive description of some knowledge domain.")

;;; #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$isa #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate "The collection of all binary predicates ?pred such that  (#$implies (#$and (#$isa ?PRED #$ReflexiveBinaryPredicate) (#$arg1Isa ?PRED ?ARG1) (#$arg2Isa ?PRED ?ARG2) (#$isa ?OBJ ?ARG1) (#$isa ?OBJ ?ARG2)) (?PRED ?OBJ ?OBJ)).")

;;; #$RegionType
(#$isa #$RegionType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$RegionType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$RegionType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$RegionType is a collection of spatial regions.Such collections have elements that are identifiable subregions of objects, but that are not themselves independent objects.  Collections that are elements of #$RegionType include #$PalmOfHand, #$Doorway, #$Wall-GenericBarrier, #$WorkSurface, #$Handle, and many others.")

;;; #$RegionalGovernment
(#$isa #$RegionalGovernment #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RegionalGovernment #$LegalGovernmentOrganization)
(#$comment #$RegionalGovernment "A collection of government organizations; a subset of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization.  An element of #$RegionalGovernment is a government organization which controls a particular geopolitical region (e.g., a country, state, city, county, etc).  The #$subOrganizations of an element of #$RegionalGovernment may include such function-specific #$Departments (q.v.) as legislatures, cabinets, police departments, Boards of Education, and miscellaneous regulatory agencies (which are also #$LegalGovernmentOrganizations).  The #$subOrganizations of a #$RegionalGovernment do not include other #$RegionalGovernments.")

;;; #$ReifiableFunction
(#$isa #$ReifiableFunction #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$ReifiableFunction #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ReifiableFunction #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$comment #$ReifiableFunction "The collection of all Cyc functions whose values can be reified and treated like Cyc constants.  Using reifiable functions allow us to add to the KB efficiently; e.g., (#$GovernmentFn #$France) can be treated more or less the same as if we had created a new constant term called `GovernmentOfFrance', and #$GovernmentFn can be applied to any element of #$GeopoliticalEntity to produce such a reified term representing the region's government.  On the other hand, it is not desirable to reify every non-atomic term; for example, all the measurable quantities, such as (#$Inch 5), and the numbers which result from using elements of #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities (e.g., #$PlusFn).  Thus, #$IndividualDenotingFunction does not and should NOT have #$ReifiableFunction as a #$genls, because #$IndividualDenotingFunction includes the elements of #$UnitOfMeasure and other functions whose uses we don't want to reify.  See also #$NonPredicateFunction, #$ReifiableTerm.")

;;; #$ReifiableTerm
(#$isa #$ReifiableTerm #$ReifiableTerm)
(#$isa #$ReifiableTerm #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ReifiableTerm #$CycIndexedTerm)
(#$comment #$ReifiableTerm "A collection of Cyc terms.  All CycL constants are elements of #$ReifiableTerms, as is any NAT (non-atomic term; see #$NonPredicateFunction) whose function is an instance of #$ReifiableFunction.  E.g., since #$GovernmentFn is an instance of #$ReifiableFunction, it is true that (#$GovernmentFn #$France) is a #$ReifiableTerm.





[Implementation-level Footnote:   At the present time, all assertions of the form (#$isa TERM #$ReifiableTerm) are recorded and checked specially, as compared to other sorts of assertions; see #$defnIff.]")

;;; #$RelationType
(#$isa #$RelationType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$RelationType #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$RelationType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$RelationType is a collection of relations used in Cyc, including predicates, lambda functions, mathematical functions, non-atomic terms, and other types.  Examples: #$UnaryFunction, #$LogicalConnective, #$IndividualDenotingFunction, #$GenericTimePredicate, #$LanguageDescribingPredicate, #$ModalRelationship.")

;;; #$Relationship
(#$isa #$Relationship #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$Relationship #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Relationship #$MathematicalObject)
(#$genls #$Relationship #$Individual)
(#$comment #$Relationship "A collection of abstract objects.  Each element of #$Relationship represents some kind of relation.  Some elements of #$Relationship are truth-valued, that is, when applied to arguments, they yield statements which are true or false.  That includes elements of the following subsets of #$Relationship: #$Predicate, #$LogicalConnective, and #$Quantifier.  Other elements of #$Relationship yield new terms, rather than just true or false -- among them are all the members of #$NonPredicateFunction.  Syntactically, elements of #$Relationship are Cyc constants that can legally appear in the `zero-th' argument place of a CycL expression, i.e., immediately after the opening parenthesis in a CycL expression.")

;;; #$RelationshipPredicate
(#$isa #$RelationshipPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$RelationshipPredicate #$IntangibleObjectPredicate)
(#$comment #$RelationshipPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$RelationshipPredicate is a predicate used to describe relationships between intangible or abstract objects.  Examples: #$subEquations, #$subFunctions, #$maxQuantValue, #$meanQuantValue, #$expectedValue, #$derivativesOfFunction, #$rangeOfDistribution, #$inverseFunc, #$lessLikelyThan.")

;;; #$RelativeHumidity
(#$isa #$RelativeHumidity #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$RelativeHumidity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$RelativeHumidity #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$RelativeHumidity "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$ScalarInterval.  The elements of #$RelativeHumidity represent the extent to which the atmosphere at a location approaches total saturation with water vapor.  The relative humidity of a location is indicated with the predicate #$ambientRelativeHumidity.")

;;; #$Relaxed-Emotion
(#$isa #$Relaxed-Emotion #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Relaxed-Emotion #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Relaxed-Emotion "The feeling of being emotionally relaxed, of having no pressing troubles or duties weighing on one, of being at ease and untroubled.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  A related #$FeelingAttributeType is #$Calm.")

;;; #$Relief-TheEmotion
(#$isa #$Relief-TheEmotion #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Relief-TheEmotion #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Relief-TheEmotion "Emotion aroused by the removal or lightening of something oppressive, distressing, or painful.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$Religion
(#$isa #$Religion #$BeliefSystemType)
(#$genls #$Religion #$BeliefSystem)
(#$comment #$Religion "The collection of all religions or equivalent sets of beliefs that answer the `big questions' about creation, existence, etc.  Some elements of this are: #$AnimistReligion, #$Catholicism, #$Atheism, etc.")

;;; #$ReligiousHoliday
(#$isa #$ReligiousHoliday #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$ReligiousHoliday #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ReligiousHoliday #$Holiday)
(#$comment #$ReligiousHoliday "Each #$ReligiousHoliday is a #$Holiday which is specified by some religious tradition.  Note that individuals may observe or otherwise participate in a #$ReligiousHoliday without being members of the associated #$Religion.")

;;; #$ReligiousOrganization
(#$isa #$ReligiousOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ReligiousOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$ReligiousOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$ReligiousOrganization is a #$BeliefSystemFocusGroup whose members share religious beliefs, together with meetings, rituals, or practices related to those beliefs.  The collection #$ReligiousOrganization includes elements of #$LocalReligiousCongregation such as local churches, temples, mosques and shrines (qua organizations), as well as worldwide religious organizations such as #$TheRomanCatholicChurch.")

;;; #$RemovingSomething
(#$isa #$RemovingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$RemovingSomething #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$RemovingSomething #$Translation-Complete)
(#$genls #$RemovingSomething #$Translation-LocationChange)
(#$genls #$RemovingSomething #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion)
(#$comment #$RemovingSomething "A collection of events.  During an instance of #$RemovingSomething, the #$objectRemoved is separated from an object or configuration to which it belonged prior to the removal event.  In different types of removals, either the #$objectRemoved or the thing it was associated with may be destroyed; or both may survive.  Examples of #$RemovingSomething include: someone unwrapping a present, undressing, digging up a root, removing an appendix, and stripping wax off a floor.")

;;; #$Renting
(#$isa #$Renting #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$Renting #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Renting #$MoneyTransaction)
(#$genls #$Renting #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights)
(#$genls #$Renting #$TransferringPossession)
(#$genls #$Renting #$MakingSomethingAvailable)
(#$genls #$Renting #$CommercialActivity)
(#$genls #$Renting #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights)
(#$genls #$Renting #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$Renting "A collection of events; a subset of #$MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights (among other supersets).  Each element of #$Renting is an event during which one agent grants to another agent the use of an object (owned or controlled by the first agent) in exchange for some remuneration.  The schedule of payment may vary, depending upon the rental period, type of object involved, type of usage granted, and/or other considerations.  The agent providing the object to rent is called the #$fromPossessor; the agent paying to use the object is called the #$toPossessor.  Those agents enter into an #$Agreement (q.v.).  Examples of #$Renting might include:  Fred renting a particular apartment last year; Jane renting a car all this week; Jack renting a canoe on Saturday morning. See also #$PrimaryRoleUseRights.")

;;; #$RentingFn
(#$isa #$RentingFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$RentingFn #$ScriptType)
(#$resultIsa #$RentingFn #$ProductType)
(#$resultIsa #$RentingFn #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$resultGenl #$RentingFn #$Renting)
(#$arg1Isa #$RentingFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$arg1Genl #$RentingFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$RentingFn "#$RentingFn is a Cyc function, and in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  It returns a subset of actions which are instances of #$Renting.  (#$RentingFn TYPE) denotes the collection of events in which an #$Agent gets the use and/or possession (but not ownership) of an instance of TYPE by paying some #$Money to the owner.  For instance, (#$RentingFn #$Automobile) returns a set of all the events in which an agent rents an automobile.
Note:  That means that the value of (#$RentingFn #$Automobile) is both extensionally and intensionally the same as the collection #$RentingOfAutomobile.")

;;; #$ReproductiveSystem
(#$isa #$ReproductiveSystem #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$ReproductiveSystem #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$ReproductiveSystem "The collection of all animals' reproductive systems.  A #$ReproductiveSystem is a system of organs used by the #$Animal for reproduction; i.e., for creating an offspring, a new member of that species.  
Note:  Strictly speaking, it might be more accurate to describe a #$ReproductiveSystem as containing the above sorts of systems for a mated male and female of a sexual species, as only that combined system is capable of actually producing an offspring.  But most of the things one wants to say about a #$ReproductiveSystem really do only make sense for one single animal at a time.  So think of reproduction as a cooperative activity, such as having a conversation, where we still refer to each animal's incomplete reproductive system as a #$ReproductiveSystem.")

;;; #$Reptile
(#$isa #$Reptile #$BiologicalClass)
(#$genls #$Reptile #$Vertebrate)
(#$genls #$Reptile #$NonPersonAnimal)
(#$comment #$Reptile "The collection of reptiles; a subset of #$Vertebrate.  Each element of #$Reptile is an air-breathing, cold-blooded animal which has a body covered by scales or bony plates.  The collection #$Reptile includes the subsets #$Snake, #$Turtle, #$Lizard, etc.  Members of most species of #$Reptile lay eggs; none has milk, hair, feathers, or postembryonic gills.  #$Reptile is an instance of #$BiologicalClass.")

;;; #$Request
(#$isa #$Request #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Request #$IllocutionaryForce)
(#$comment #$Request "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of #$Request consists of a piece of information contained (usually implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention to ask the listener to perform the action(s) described in his/her utterance.  If the listener responds positively, s/he places him/herself under an obligation to do the indicated action.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any #$senderOfInfo and #$recipientOfInfo.  See also #$IllocutionaryForce.")

;;; #$Requesting-CommunicationAct
(#$isa #$Requesting-CommunicationAct #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Requesting-CommunicationAct #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Requesting-CommunicationAct #$CommunicationAct-Single)
(#$comment #$Requesting-CommunicationAct "The collection of communication acts in which one agent requests something of another.  Requests are typically followed by a response.")

;;; #$RequestingInformation
(#$isa #$RequestingInformation #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$RequestingInformation #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$RequestingInformation #$Requesting-CommunicationAct)
(#$comment #$RequestingInformation "A collection of actions, many of which are speech acts.
In each element of this collection, somebody asks
a question or requests some information. See also the #$IllocutionaryForce
associated with this action, #$Query.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$RequestingInformation #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ROGATIVE-ACT")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$RequestingInformation #$SENSUS-Information1997 "QUESTION")

;;; #$Research
(#$isa #$Research #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Research #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Research #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$Research "What some members of ResearchOrganizations do")

;;; #$ResearchOrganization
(#$isa #$ResearchOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ResearchOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$ResearchOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$ResearchOrganization is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its #$MainFunction (or one of its #$MainFunctions).  It may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization.  For example, #$UnitedStatesSpaceProgram, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at #$IBMInc, and the Hoover Institute.")

;;; #$Researcher
(#$isa #$Researcher #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Researcher #$Professional)
(#$comment #$Researcher "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$Researcher is a person who performs research as his or her main occupation.  This collection includes academicians, clinical investigators, experimental physicists, market researchers, industrial researchers, etc.")

;;; #$Resentment
(#$isa #$Resentment #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Resentment #$Dislike)
(#$genls #$Resentment #$Contempt)
(#$genls #$Resentment #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Resentment "Indignation, displeasure, and ill will felt about something regarded as a slight, affront, insult, or indignity.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  More specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Resentment are #$Jealousy and #$Envy.")

;;; #$Respect
(#$isa #$Respect #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Respect #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Respect "A feeling of just regard, consideration, or appreciation for the worth of someone or something.
Note:   #$Admiration (qv) is different than, or rather a more specialized form of, respect.  To feel #$Respect towards someone is just to feel that s/he should be treated with politeness and consideration, as having dignity; #$Admiration and #$Wonder-Admiration implies all of that, but also implies that the target of the #$Respect actually did something special or has some special quality that sets them apart from others (or at least from the respecter).  #$Respect is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Respect are #$Reverence, #$Wonder-Admiration, #$Adulation, #$Awe, etc. ")

;;; #$Respiration
(#$isa #$Respiration #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Respiration #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Respiration #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary)
(#$comment #$Respiration "The subset of #$PhysiologicalProcesses in which an organism performs respiration; i.e., it exchanges carbon dioxide for #$Oxygen which is used to oxygenate (in #$Vertebrates) hemoglobin, an oxygen carrier in the #$Blood distributed to all of the organism's cells.  #$Respiration concerns the exchange of #$Oxygen and waste gasses with the environment.  Circulation concerns distributing the oxygenated #$Blood to the cells.  The oxygen carrier (hemoglobin) releases the oxygen to the cells, allowing chemical reactions necessary to sustain the cell life, which in turn sustains the life of the breather.")

;;; #$RespiratorySystem
(#$isa #$RespiratorySystem #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$RespiratorySystem #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$RespiratorySystem #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$RespiratorySystem #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$RespiratorySystem "The collection of all animals' respiratory systems.  A #$RespiratorySystem is composed of body parts (such as the lungs) of the animal, which together function so as to enable it to breathe.
Note: it is generally required that the #$RespiratorySystem (of a #$Vertebrate) work together with the #$CirculatorySystem (qv), as the air is used to supply needed substances to the blood and to remove waste products from the blood.")

;;; #$Restaurant
(#$isa #$Restaurant #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Restaurant #$SingleSiteOrganization)
(#$genls #$Restaurant #$ServiceEstablishment)
(#$genls #$Restaurant #$FoodServiceOrganization)
(#$genls #$Restaurant #$Business)
(#$genls #$Restaurant #$LocalCustomerContactPoint)
(#$comment #$Restaurant "A collection of organizations; a subset of both #$FoodServiceOrganization and #$ServiceEstablishment.  Every element of #$Restaurant has particular locations (one or more) which serve meals in exchange for money.  Subsets of #$Restaurant include #$FineRestaurant and #$FastFoodRestaurant, among others.")

;;; #$Resting-Relaxing
(#$isa #$Resting-Relaxing #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Resting-Relaxing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Resting-Relaxing #$BodilyFunctionEvent)
(#$comment #$Resting-Relaxing "The collection of events in which an animal abstains from strenuous physical activity.")

;;; #$Restlessness
(#$isa #$Restlessness #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Restlessness #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Restlessness "The feeling of being troubled, restless, concerned about something, or in emotional turmoil.  This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$RetailOrganization
(#$isa #$RetailOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RetailOrganization #$SellingOrganization)
(#$genls #$RetailOrganization #$CommercialOrganization)
(#$comment #$RetailOrganization "A collection of organizations.  Each element of #$RetailOrganization is an enterprise that engages primarily in selling goods to end-users or consumers, rather than to wholesale customers.  Examples: #$SearsTheCompany, #$WaldenBooksTheCompany, #$StudtmanPhoto.")

;;; #$RetailStore
(#$isa #$RetailStore #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RetailStore #$SingleSiteOrganization)
(#$genls #$RetailStore #$RetailOrganization)
(#$genls #$RetailStore #$LocalCustomerContactPoint)
(#$genls #$RetailStore #$OrganizationWithIndividualCustomers)
(#$comment #$RetailStore "A collection of retail organizations.  Every element of #$RetailStore is a #$SingleSiteOrganization (but not necessarily a stand-alone business) which sells goods directly to consumers at store's #$physicalQuarters.  Note that the Niemann-Marcus store at the Galleria is an instance of #$RetailStore, but the Niemann-Marcus company as a whole is not, because it is a #$RetailStore-ParentCompany (with multiple outlets); both are #$RetailOrganizations.")

;;; #$RightObject
(#$isa #$RightObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RightObject #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$RightObject "The collection of objects that are meant for, or are found on and distinctively structured for, the right side of some larger entity or ensemble of parts.  Examples include right hands, right shoes, right automobile turning signals.")

;;; #$RightRegionFn
(#$isa #$RightRegionFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$RightRegionFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$RightRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$arg1Isa #$RightRegionFn #$AnimalBodyRegion)
(#$comment #$RightRegionFn "The function (RightRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the right half or flank or right main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic left/right orientation, or is part of a larger region or object that has a left/right orientation.")

;;; #$RightSideUp
(#$isa #$RightSideUp #$OrientationAttribute)
(#$comment #$RightSideUp "(#$orientation OBJECT #$RightSideUp) means that OBJECT's intrinsic top (e.g., the lid of a teapot) is above (#$above-Directly) its intrinsic bottom (e.g., bowl of a teapot).")

;;; #$Rigid
(#$isa #$Rigid #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$Rigid "A physical attribute.  #$Rigid is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of solids which are stiff--neither flexible nor foldable nor elastic.  Examples of rigid things: bricks, wooden boards, steel.  Non-rigid things: sand, rubber, cloth.  Borderline: lampshades.")

;;; #$Rigidity
(#$isa #$Rigidity #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Rigidity #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Rigidity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Rigidity "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Rigidity is a property of rigidity belonging to physical objects.  Rigidities in Cyc are measured using a #$GenericValueFunction.  Rigidities of objects are reported using the predicate #$rigidityOfObject.")

;;; #$Ritual
(#$isa #$Ritual #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$Ritual #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$Ritual "The collection of highly stylized or formalized actions (or series of actions) performed by #$Persons (alone or in groups), usually performed with some solemnity.  
Note: as further explained in the comment for #$SocialRitual, a #$WeddingCeremony or #$Inauguration is `more than' just a #$Ritual, but following the `script' for such a ceremony, and actually carrying it out, is a #$Ritual.")

;;; #$River
(#$isa #$River #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$River #$Stream)
(#$comment #$River "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of #$River is a natural stream of water, normally of a large volume.  Cf. #$Creek.  Examples of #$River include the #$ColoradoRiverOfArizona, the #$AmazonRiver, the #$ChangJiangRiver, the #$ThamesRiver.")

;;; #$RoadVehicle
(#$isa #$RoadVehicle #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$RoadVehicle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RoadVehicle #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$RoadVehicle #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$RoadVehicle #$ContainerProduct)
(#$comment #$RoadVehicle "A collection of transportation devices.  An instance of #$RoadVehicle is a vehicle which would typically be found travelling on roads and (optionally) carrying passengers: cars, busses, vans, pickup trucks, fire trucks, RVs, motorcycles, etc..  Since #$RoadVehicles are vehicles, i.e. self powered (e.g. see #$vehicle), #$LandTransportationDevices such as #$Bicycles, or #$Wheelchairs are not in this class.")

;;; #$RoadWorkVehicle
(#$isa #$RoadWorkVehicle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RoadWorkVehicle #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$RoadWorkVehicle #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$comment #$RoadWorkVehicle "The class of heavy construction equipment vehicles that are used to make roads and in other situations where one needs to move quantities of earth, rocks, etc. around.  These are powered by internal combustion engines, and often have wheels but just as  often have treads like tanks.")

;;; #$Role
(#$isa #$Role #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$Role #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$comment #$Role "Instances of #$Role express relations between a #$Situation and the things involved in it.  #$ActorSlots (the relationships between #$Events and the #$SomethingExistings that act in them) are a special type of #$Role.")

;;; #$RoofOfAConstruction
(#$isa #$RoofOfAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RoofOfAConstruction #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject)
(#$genls #$RoofOfAConstruction #$PartOfBuilding)
(#$comment #$RoofOfAConstruction "The collection of all roofs of structures which are instances of #$HumanShelterConstruction.  Like instances of #$Wall-Vertical, instances of #$RoofOfAConstruction may be considered as having one or two sides; the 'inner' side of a roof may or may not qualify as a #$CeilingOfARoom.  It is understood that one and only one side of a #$RoofOfAConstruction is 'exposed to the elements.'")

;;; #$RoomInAConstruction
(#$isa #$RoomInAConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$RoomInAConstruction #$SpaceInAHOC)
(#$comment #$RoomInAConstruction "The set of rooms in ConstructionArtifacts")

;;; #$Rotation-NonPeriodic
(#$isa #$Rotation-NonPeriodic #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Rotation-NonPeriodic #$Movement-NonPeriodic)
(#$genls #$Rotation-NonPeriodic #$Movement-Rotation)
(#$comment #$Rotation-NonPeriodic "The set of all rotational movements in which rotation occurs in a nonperiodic fashion; e.g., the turning of a knob on a kitchen appliance or a radio dial, or movements of a trackball.  See also #$Rotation-Periodic for the context-sensitive nature of this dichotomy.")

;;; #$Rotation-Periodic
(#$isa #$Rotation-Periodic #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Rotation-Periodic #$Movement-Periodic)
(#$genls #$Rotation-Periodic #$Movement-Rotation)
(#$comment #$Rotation-Periodic "A collection of rotational movements; a subset of #$Movement-Rotation.  In any instance of #$Rotation-Periodic, either partial rotation (e.g., rocking) or full rotation (e.g., spinning) occurs periodically.  Examples include the swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth on its axis.  Note that the accuracy and duration of the periodic rotation is context-dependent.  E.g., in a context spanning a long enough period of time, and/or if measured sufficiently accurately, the Earth's rotation does not have a fixed period.  In a context short enough, and `approximate' enough, a spinning Olympic ice skater is performing a #$Rotation-Periodic event, even though a few seconds later they slow down and stop rotating.")

;;; #$Rowboat
(#$isa #$Rowboat #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Rowboat #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Rowboat #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$Rowboat #$Device-UserPowered)
(#$comment #$Rowboat "A subcollection of 
#$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice that contains all boats each 
of which is usually powered by one or more persions' rowing.")

;;; #$RudeAction
(#$isa #$RudeAction #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$RudeAction #$Action)
(#$genls #$RudeAction #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$RudeAction "The collection of behaviors that go against the social conventions of politeness.  This will be a different set of behaviors in different circumstances (contexts).  In an office, e.g., it might be rude to make a loud noise, but at a football game it might be rude to not do so.")

;;; #$RuleMacroPredicate
(#$isa #$RuleMacroPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$RuleMacroPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$RuleMacroPredicate "Instances of #$RuleMacroPredicate are predicates that have, implicit in their definition, the schema for a class of quantified formulas.  A ground assertion (GAF) using one of these predicates is in fact shorthand for a rule fitting this schema.  For example, #$genls is a #$RuleMacroPredicate and its implicit schema would be (#$implies (#$isa ?X ARG1) (#$isa ?X ARG2)).  Therefore, (#$genls #$Poodle #$Dog) is shorthand for the rule (#$implies (#$isa ?X #$Poodle) (#$isa ?X #$Dog)).  #$RuleMacroPredicates may be supported by system code, as is #$genls, or they may be defined with an #$expansionAxiom.  In general, one should only introduce a new RuleMacroPredicate if 1) there is a plan to eventually provide code support for efficient reasoning with its uses, and/or 2) using it enables useful type-level reasoning.")

;;; #$SENSUS-Information1997
(#$isa #$SENSUS-Information1997 #$KnowledgeBase)
(#$comment #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SENSUS is a #$KnowledgeBase, created by the Information Sciences Institute at USC.  An earlier version of it was knownas Pangloss, and it was devloped primarily in order tosupport machine translation.")


;;; #$STIB
(#$isa #$STIB #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$STIB #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$STIB #$TimeInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$STIB #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$STIB "(#$STIB ?X) returns the `Short Time Interval Before' ?X.  The function #$STIB is used to state axioms which assert propositions about the world just before some #$TemporalThing.  E.g., just before some event begins, or just before some tangible object comes into being.  Whether the propositions hold beyond the bounds of the short interval specified depends the nature of the proposition.  Consider the axiom `before launching, the Space Shuttle's fuel tanks are full'. The fuel tanks are only known to be full immediately before the launching event, and for some (measurable but potentially short) time interval before that launch, and so we use #$STIB to specify the time interval in which the assertion of fullness will hold.  Before or after that time, additional axioms are required to conclude whether the tanks are full or not.  Also see:  #$STIF.")

;;; #$STIF
(#$isa #$STIF #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$STIF #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$STIF #$TimeInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$STIF #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$STIF "(#$STIF ?X) returns the `Short Time Interval Following' ?X.  The function #$STIF is used to state axioms which assert propositions about the world just after some #$TemporalThing (i.e., after an event ends, after a tangible object ceases to exist, etc.).  Each of those propositions may or may not hold beyond the bounds of that short interval.  Consider the axiom `after swimming, the swimmer is wet'. The swimmer is only known to be wet for a short time interval immediately following the swimming event, and so we use #$STIF to specify that short time interval in which the assertion of wetness will hold.  Beyond that time, additional axioms would be required to decide whether the wetness would persist or not.  Also see: #$STIB.")

;;; #$Sadness
(#$isa #$Sadness #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Sadness #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Sadness "Emotion felt when one is unhappy or low-spirited. This is a collection; for more details, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes are #$Remorse, #$Gloominess, #$Disappointment, #$Depression-Emotion, #$Grief, #$Misery, #$Despair, #$Anguish, etc.")

;;; #$Safeness
(#$isa #$Safeness #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Safeness #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute)
(#$comment #$Safeness "#$Safeness is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions in which the performer acts without endangering itself or others.")

;;; #$Salaried
(#$isa #$Salaried #$WorkStatus)
(#$comment #$Salaried "An attribute; an element of #$WorkStatus.  The attribute of being a salaried worker in some organization.")

;;; #$SaleByCheck
(#$isa #$SaleByCheck #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$SaleByCheck #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SaleByCheck #$Buying)
(#$comment #$SaleByCheck "Sales in which the payment tendered is a check.")

;;; #$SaleByCreditCard
(#$isa #$SaleByCreditCard #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$SaleByCreditCard #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SaleByCreditCard #$Buying)
(#$comment #$SaleByCreditCard "A collection of events; a subset of #$Buying.  An instance of #$SaleByCreditCard is a purchase in which the #$buyer makes payment using some element of #$CreditCard (the set of all credit cards).
Note: This is different from instances of #$CreditSale (q.v.), in which the #$seller (rather than the credit card company) extends credit to the customer.")

;;; #$SalesActivity
(#$isa #$SalesActivity #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$SalesActivity #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SalesActivity #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$SalesActivity #$CommercialActivity)
(#$genls #$SalesActivity #$BusinessEvent)
(#$comment #$SalesActivity "A collection of events.  Each element of #$SalesActivity is an event which the performing agent does in an effort to achieve a subsequent sale to a second agent.  Types (i.e., subsets) of #$SalesActivity include #$Advertising, telemarketing, showing sample and/or actual products to customers in a show room or a store.  Elements of #$SalesActivity which are successful lead to corresponding elements of #$Buying.  Note: #$SalesActivity does NOT include manufacturing, accounting, and other such ancillary business activities.")

;;; #$SalesAgreement
(#$isa #$SalesAgreement #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SalesAgreement #$Agreement)
(#$comment #$SalesAgreement "A collection of agreements.  Each element of #$SalesAgreement is an agreement which governs aspects of some #$Buying activity.  This includes bidding activities (in the subset #$SalesBidOrContract), as well as the instances of #$SalesContract.")

;;; #$SalesPerson
(#$isa #$SalesPerson #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$SalesPerson #$BusinessPerson)
(#$genls #$SalesPerson #$Professional)
(#$comment #$SalesPerson "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$SalesPerson is someone whose principal job activity is negotiating with potential buyers, finding out what they want, describing what is available, taking orders, etc.  This collection includes door-to-door salespeople, Avon reprentatives, new and used car salespeople, sales representatives for the product lines of large industrial companies, and store clerks working on a sales commission.")

;;; #$SaltingFood
(#$isa #$SaltingFood #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$SaltingFood #$PreservingFood)
(#$comment #$SaltingFood "Soaking food in salt to prevent it from rotting.")

;;; #$SanskritLanguage
(#$isa #$SanskritLanguage #$DeadLanguage)
(#$isa #$SanskritLanguage #$LivingLanguage)
(#$comment #$SanskritLanguage "This language was originally spoken in the Indic area and is now a dead language. Its sacred literature, however, was  transmitted orally and eventually written in the then-current Devanagari script")

;;; #$Satisfaction
(#$isa #$Satisfaction #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Satisfaction #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Satisfaction "Feeling of appeasement, not only of one's desires or longings but also of his needs or requirements.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.   Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Satisfaction are:  #$Approval, #$Pride, #$Triumph-TheFeeling, etc. ")

;;; #$ScalarInterval
(#$isa #$ScalarInterval #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$ScalarInterval #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ScalarInterval #$NTupleInterval)
(#$genls #$ScalarInterval #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$ScalarInterval "A collection of mathematical objects; a subset of #$NTupleInterval.  For a measurable quantity, the ordered sequence of possible values may be thought of as a line.  Each element of #$ScalarInterval is a line segment (or point) on such a line, representing a range of consecutive values.  The most common case is where the line is just the real number line, and the scalar interval is either a a contiguous set of points there (i.e., a range of numbers) or just a single point there (i.e., a number).  Another common case is where the line has some unit of measure marked off, such as meters.  In relation to the latter kind of interval, see also #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$ScalarPointValue
(#$isa #$ScalarPointValue #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$ScalarPointValue #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ScalarPointValue #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$ScalarPointValue "The collection of minimal scalar intervals.  That is, each element of #$ScalarPointValue is a scalar interval which has no `width'.  Scalar intervals include both pure numbers, such as 3.14, and linear measurements such as 3.14 meters, which in CycL would be written `(#$Meter 3.14)'.")

;;; #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12
(#$isa #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 #$EducationalOrganization)
(#$comment #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 "A collection of school organizations.  An element of #$SchoolInstitution-KThrough12 is an educational institution which provides instruction in all or some of the grades from kindergarten (K) through high school (12th-grade) education.  Commonly, individual schools teach some subset of those grades; see also the specializations #$ElementarySchoolInstitution, #$MiddleSchoolInstitution, and #$HighSchoolInstitution.")

;;; #$ScientificFieldOfStudy
(#$isa #$ScientificFieldOfStudy #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$ScientificFieldOfStudy #$FieldOfStudy)
(#$comment #$ScientificFieldOfStudy "A collection of fields of study.  Each element of #$ScientificFieldOfStudy is a specialized body of knowledge, theory, hypothesis, observations, and problems, which are the propositional contents of the systematic endeavor to explain the natural world by rational (and frequently, quantifiable) methods, including induction, falsifiable hypotheses tested by repeatable physical experiments, and deductive proof.  #$ScientificFieldOfStudy includes the traditional hard sciences (e.g., #$Physics, #$Chemistry), the life sciences (e.g., #$Biology, #$Genetics, #$Toxicology), and #$Mathematics.")

;;; #$Scientist
(#$isa #$Scientist #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Scientist #$Professional)
(#$comment #$Scientist "A set of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$Scientist is a person who is educated and employed in one (or more) of the natural or abstract sciences.  Elements of #$Scientist include members of its subsets #$Astronomer, #$Chemist, #$Linguist, #$Mathematician, #$Geneticist, #$CulturalAnthropologist, etc.  Examples of #$Scientist: #$CharlesDarwin, #$RichardFeynman, Noam #$Chomsky.")

;;; #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute
(#$isa #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute "The most general type of attribute describing the manner in which an actor performs an action; specializations of this include #$CorrectnessOfPosture, #$Competence, #$Precision, #$Dexterity, #$Gracefulness, #$Creativity, etc.  The elements of #$Precision, e.g., represent the various qualitative levels such as high precision, low precision, etc.")

;;; #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType
(#$isa #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$comment #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType is a type of attribute that can be used to describe the manner in which actions are performed.  Examples include: #$Competence, #$Precision, #$Dexterity, #$Gracefulness, #$Creativity, etc.  So, e.g., one may run a race with some measure of #$Gracefulness, some measure of #$Competence, etc.")

;;; #$ScriptType
(#$isa #$ScriptType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ScriptType #$SituationType)
(#$genls #$ScriptType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$ScriptType "#$ScriptType is the collection of subsets of #$Event.  Classifying events and (especially) actions by type allows Cyc to reason about the general characteristics of different kinds of occurrences.")

;;; #$Sculpture
(#$isa #$Sculpture #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Sculpture #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$Sculpture #$ArtObject)
(#$genls #$Sculpture #$VisualInformationSource)
(#$comment #$Sculpture "A collection of art objects.  Each element of #$Sculpture is a tangible three-dimensional work of art; buildings are NOT included, even though sculptural features of buildings (such as friezes) are.  Types of #$Sculpture include stone statues, friezes, wood carvings, pipes welded into abstract art sculptures, etc.  Examples: the #$StatueOfLiberty, the #$MountRushmoreMonument, Michelangelo's David, the friezes on the Parthenon, the Buddhas at Longan.")

;;; #$Sea
(#$isa #$Sea #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Sea #$SeaWater)
(#$genls #$Sea #$Water-Saline)
(#$genls #$Sea #$BodyOfWater)
(#$comment #$Sea "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of #$Sea is a body of salt water as large or larger than a lake.  #$Ocean is a subset of this collection.  Examples of #$Sea: #$PacificOcean, #$IonianSea, #$GulfOfCorinth, #$EastChinaSea, #$BlackSea.")

;;; #$SeaWater
(#$isa #$SeaWater #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$genls #$SeaWater 
  (#$LiquidFn #$Water-Saline))
(#$comment #$SeaWater "A collection of tangible things; a subset of both #$LiquidTangibleThing and #$Water-Saline.  Each element of #$SeaWater is a portion of salt water with the kind of mineral concentrations found in oceans--including the oceans themselves.")

;;; #$SeasonOfYear
(#$isa #$SeasonOfYear #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SeasonOfYear #$WeatherEvent)
(#$comment #$SeasonOfYear "A collection of events -- specifically, the seasons that occur as #$subEvents of an #$AnnualClimateCycle.  For example, the elements of #$WinterSeason are all instances of #$SeasonOfYear.")

;;; #$SeatingDevice
(#$isa #$SeatingDevice #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$SeatingDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SeatingDevice #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$SeatingDevice "A set of physical objects.  An instance of #$SeatingDevice is a device whose #$primaryFunction is to serve as a sitting place for people.  Types of seating devices include sofas, chairs, benches, camp and stadium stools, theatre seats, swings, bicycle seats, saddles, and more.")

;;; #$Second-UnitOfAngularMeasure
(#$isa #$Second-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$UnitOfAngularDistance)
(#$isa #$Second-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$Second-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$resultIsa #$Second-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$Second-UnitOfAngularMeasure #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Second-UnitOfAngularMeasure "A unit to measure the size of angles, in the Imperial system of measurement.  60 seconds = 1 minute (#$Minute-UnitOfAngularMeasure)")

;;; #$SecondFn
(#$isa #$SecondFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$SecondFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$SecondFn #$CalendarSecond)
(#$arg1Isa #$SecondFn #$NonNegativeInteger)
(#$arg2Isa #$SecondFn #$CalendarMinute)
(#$comment #$SecondFn "(#$SecondFn S MINUTE) denotes second number S of minute MINUTE.  For example, (#$SecondFn 59 (#$MinuteFn 12 (#$HourFn 18 (#$DayFn 14 (#$MonthFn #$February (#$YearFn 1966)))))) denotes 6:12:59pm Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; #$SecondsDuration
(#$isa #$SecondsDuration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$SecondsDuration #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$SecondsDuration #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$SecondsDuration #$CGSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$SecondsDuration #$UnitOfTime)
(#$resultIsa #$SecondsDuration #$Time-Quantity)
(#$resultIsa #$SecondsDuration #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$SecondsDuration #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$SecondsDuration "Seconds are the standard unit of #$Time in Cyc.  Think of #$SecondsDuration as a function; it takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of #$Time.   An expression of the form (#$SecondsDuration ?num) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is exactly ?num seconds long.  An expression of the form (#$SecondsDuration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of #$Time that is at least ?min seconds at most ?max seconds long.
Note:  Cyc's ontology contains ways to specify nonuniform distributions (e.g., a normal distribution with a mean and standard deviation), but for most purposes this simple uniform specification of `a piece of time' has proven itself to be the most useful building block.")

;;; #$Secretion-Bodily
(#$isa #$Secretion-Bodily #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$Secretion-Bodily #$NaturalTangibleStuff)
(#$comment #$Secretion-Bodily "The collection of all #$NaturalTangibleStuff secreted by an organism's body.  There are a wide variety of bodily secretions, including #$Hormones, #$Mucus, #$InsulinTheSecretion, and #$Semen.  Secretions may be deposited either within the body (e.g., #$BileTheSecretion) or outside of it (e.g., #$Sweat). 
Note: Secretions are different from #$ExcretionSubstance in that secretions are not necessarily waste products.  E.g., they may be a release of pheromones to attract a mate, a layer of sweat to cool off the organism, a layer of nectar to attract bees, etc.  Some subsets of #$Secretion-Bodily, such as #$Sweat, are also subsets of #$ExcretionSubstance (i.e., wastes).")

;;; #$SecretionEvent
(#$isa #$SecretionEvent #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$SecretionEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SecretionEvent #$BiologicalProductionEvent)
(#$genls #$SecretionEvent #$EmittingAnObject)
(#$comment #$SecretionEvent "A collection of events; a subset of #$BiologicalProductionEvent.  Each element of #$SecretionEvent is an event in which a living animal or plant secretes a substance.")

;;; #$Seed
(#$isa #$Seed #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Seed #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment)
(#$genls #$Seed #$PlantBLO)
(#$comment #$Seed "The collection of all plant seeds: small nodules or granules consisting of young angiosperms and their protective containers during early (zygotic and embryonic stages) of development.  Seeds, if planted, may grow into adult plants.")

;;; #$SelfConfidence
(#$isa #$SelfConfidence #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$SelfConfidence #$Confidence)
(#$comment #$SelfConfidence "Faith in oneself and one's powers without any suggestion of conceit or arrogance.   If one has a large portion of #$SelfConfidence, their state of mind is often marked by ease and freedom from uncertainty, diffidence, or embarrassment.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  A typical more specialized #$FeelingAttributeType than #$SelfConfidence is #$Vanity.")

;;; #$SelfEmployedWorker
(#$isa #$SelfEmployedWorker #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$SelfEmployedWorker #$Professional)
(#$comment #$SelfEmployedWorker "A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional.  Each element of #$SelfEmployedWorker is a worker who earns a living from funds paid directly to him/her by customers, or who is paid by a company s/he owns.  An instance of #$SelfEmployedWorker has no boss but him/herself.")

;;; #$SelfPoweredDevice
(#$isa #$SelfPoweredDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SelfPoweredDevice #$MechanicalDevice)
(#$genls #$SelfPoweredDevice #$PoweredDevice)
(#$comment #$SelfPoweredDevice "A collection of #$MechanicalDevices, classified by the main way of supplying the force needed to operate them.  #$SelfPoweredDevice is a subset of #$PoweredDevice.  An instance of #$SelfPoweredDevice has an `on-board' part which converts some kind of potential energy into force.  That may be a battery and motor to convert electricity stored in the battery into kinetic energy (as in a cordless electric drill); other examples are the elements of #$Automobile, which (typically) convert gasoline and battery power to get the energy to move the vehicle.  Some muscle power is involved in operating both a cordless drill and an automobile, but not the main part of the power, in either case.  Negative exemplars of a #$SelfPoweredDevice include a #$Bicycle (powered by the person that rides it) a Cable Car (pulled along by cabled embedded in the street) and subway train (often powered by an electrified `third rail').")

;;; #$SellingOrganization
(#$isa #$SellingOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SellingOrganization #$CommercialServiceOrganization)
(#$comment #$SellingOrganization "A collection of organizations.  Each element of #$SellingOrganization is an organization whose main function is to sell things by conducting sales activities.  Examples: sales departments (e.g., the sales department of #$ToyotaTheCompany); advertising agencies; and retailers (e.g., #$WaldenBooksTheCompany, #$KMartCompany).")

;;; #$SemiSolidStateOfMatter
(#$isa #$SemiSolidStateOfMatter #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous)
(#$comment #$SemiSolidStateOfMatter "One of the basic physical states of matter.  Semi-solid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by (a) their ability to flow under the application of pressure, combined with (b) their high viscosity.  Examples of things that are typically in this #$stateOfMatter: a squirt of toothpaste on your brush, or a lump of bread dough, at normal room temperatures.  At higher temperatures:  a lava flow, a lump of molten glass about to be blown into a vase, etc.")

;;; #$SemiSolidTangibleThing
(#$isa #$SemiSolidTangibleThing #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$genls #$SemiSolidTangibleThing #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$SemiSolidTangibleThing "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of #$SemiSolidTangibleThing is a tangible thing that is intrinsically in a semisolid state.  Some semisolids are pourable (e.g., sand) and some are not (e.g., jello).  When a force is first applied to a semisolid, the object moves or deforms substantially and does not break or crack.  Semisolids are stirrable (thus, rubber is probably not a semisolid).  A semisolid can be deformed into any shape that does not require some dimension of the object to be smaller than all dimensions of the granule size of that stuff; e.g., a #$Mob of hailstones cannot form a paper-thin sheet.  The granules of a #$Pourable semisolid, such as sand, may themselves belong to #$SolidTangibleThing.")

;;; #$SemiconductorResistance
(#$isa #$SemiconductorResistance #$ElectricalResistance)
(#$comment #$SemiconductorResistance "A measurable physical attribute.  #$SemiconductorResistance is the element of #$ElectricalResistance that represents the level of resistance found in instances of #$SemiconductorStuff.  See also #$resistanceOfObject.")

;;; #$SemiconductorStuff
(#$isa #$SemiconductorStuff #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$SemiconductorStuff #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$SemiconductorStuff "The collection of those elements of #$TangibleThing that can, under varying electrical fields, behave as an electrical insulator at times and an electrical conductor at other times.")

;;; #$SendingSomething
(#$isa #$SendingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$SendingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SendingSomething #$DirectedTranslation)
(#$genls #$SendingSomething #$LosingUserRights)
(#$genls #$SendingSomething #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion)
(#$genls #$SendingSomething #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$SendingSomething "The collection of events in which an #$Agent intends to have an object (other than itself) delivered to some other #$Agent. This involves at least a temporary loss of some user rights to the object by the sender.  If successful, an instance of #$SendingSomething is also an instance of #$TransferringPossession.")

;;; #$Sensor
(#$isa #$Sensor #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Sensor #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$Sensor "The collection of devices, biological or artificial, that gather information.  
Note:  If a well-known named part of such an entity does the data-gathering, then generally only those parts are considered sensors, not the whole entity.  E.g., even though a person gathers information, we generally do not consider them to be a sensor, but rather the sensors are their eyes, ears, skin, etc.  In a context such as an ophthalmology convention, `well-known part' has a different binding, and they would consider just certain parts of the eye to be sensors.")

;;; #$SensoryAttribute
(#$isa #$SensoryAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$SensoryAttribute 
  (#$MeaningInSystemFn #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SENSE-AND-MEASURE-QUALITY"))
(#$genls #$SensoryAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$SensoryAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$SensoryAttribute is a sensory datum detectable by sentient beings.  #$SensoryAttribute includes colors, odors, tastes, sounds, and feels, as well as the various feelings represented by its subset #$InternalSensoryAttribute.  Examples of #$SensoryAttribute: #$Rough, #$Smooth, #$Slimy, #$GoldenColor, #$VeryBrightLightIntensity, (#$HighAmountFn #$NoiseLevelAttribute).")

;;; #$SensoryInformation
(#$isa #$SensoryInformation #$StuffType)
(#$genls #$SensoryInformation #$MentalInformation)
(#$comment #$SensoryInformation "A collection of mental information.  Each element of #$SensoryInformation is the propositional content of a mental state in which the nervous system of an animal or other sentient perceives something.  For example, if I perceive that my office is hot, the information is that my [the perceiver's] office is hot; if you perceive that my eyes are brown, the information is that Deborah's eyes are brown.")

;;; #$SensoryReactionType
(#$isa #$SensoryReactionType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SensoryReactionType #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$SensoryReactionType #$AttributeType)
(#$comment #$SensoryReactionType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$SensoryReactionType is an #$AttributeType, describing one natural kind of sensation (e.g., pain, pressure, pleasure, warmth, etc.) that may be felt by #$PerceptualAgents.  Some examples of #$SensoryReactionType are #$LevelOfDizziness, #$LevelOfSoreness, #$LevelOfColdSensation, etc.")

;;; #$SeparatingAMixture
(#$isa #$SeparatingAMixture #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$SeparatingAMixture #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SeparatingAMixture #$Separation-Complete)
(#$genls #$SeparatingAMixture #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$SeparatingAMixture "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, a #$Mixture is separated into two or more #$constituents.")

;;; #$Separation-Complete
(#$isa #$Separation-Complete #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Separation-Complete #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Separation-Complete #$SeparationEvent)
(#$genls #$Separation-Complete #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$Separation-Complete "A collection of physical separation events.  In each #$Separation-Complete, one object is separated into two or more distinct pieces.")

;;; #$SeparationEvent
(#$isa #$SeparationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$SeparationEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SeparationEvent #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$SeparationEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$SeparationEvent, an object is cut, scraped, broken, cracked or pulverized, so that part of the object is no longer attached where it once was.  That part has not necessarily completely separated; it may still be attached in places.  See #$Separation-Complete for the complete case.")

;;; #$September
(#$isa #$September #$MonthOfYearType)
(#$genls #$September #$CalendarMonth)

;;; #$Series
(#$isa #$Series #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Series #$Situation)
(#$comment #$Series "The collection of situations in which 2 or more ''parts'' or ''members'' are ordered in some linear fashion.  For example, the line of people at a ticket booth, an alphabetized set of words, or the series of pitches in a baseball game.")

;;; #$ServiceEstablishment
(#$isa #$ServiceEstablishment #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ServiceEstablishment #$LocalCustomerContactPoint)
(#$genls #$ServiceEstablishment #$CommercialServiceOrganization)
(#$genls #$ServiceEstablishment #$Business)
(#$comment #$ServiceEstablishment "A collection of organizations.  Each element of #$ServiceEstablishment is a local service organization at a single physical location.  What an individual retail store or outlet is for tangible products, a service establishment is for services.  Examples: #$Threadgills restaurant; #$DaytonaSpeedway; Brake Check store at 35th and Lamar Blvd., Capital Medical Clinic in Medical Park Towers, and the U.S. Post Office on West 6th Street in Austin, TX.")

;;; #$ServiceEvent
(#$isa #$ServiceEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$ServiceEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$ServiceEvent #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$genls #$ServiceEvent #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$ServiceEvent "A collection of events.  Each element of #$ServiceEvent is an event in which one agent (or set of agents) does something for another agent (or set of agents).  The former is the #$providerOfService; the latter is the #$recipientOfService.  A service event may involve maintenance, repair, or refurbishing of some object belonging to the #$recipientOfService (including care of his/her person); a service event may involve gathering or transmitting information, providing advice, entertainment, transportation, etc.  Service events may or may not be done for payment.")

;;; #$ServiceOrganization
(#$isa #$ServiceOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ServiceOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$ServiceOrganization "A collection of organizations.  Each element of #$ServiceOrganization is an organization whose main function is to provide some set of services, i.e., to perform certain service events.  A service organization may be a subsidiary, a department, or an independent organization.  A service organization may or may not be a for-profit organization; see the subset #$CommercialServiceOrganization.  Examples: #$FederalExpress; the mail department at MCC; #$NewYorkHospital; the #$USMedicareAdministration; the Jiffy Lube at Guadalupe and 38th St; #$Threadgills restaurant; KEYE-TV in Austin, TX.")

;;; #$ServingFoodOrDrink
(#$isa #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$ServiceEvent)
(#$genls #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$genls #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$TransportationEvent)
(#$genls #$ServingFoodOrDrink #$DirectedTranslation)
(#$comment #$ServingFoodOrDrink "A collection of events.  Each element of #$ServingFoodOrDrink is an event in which an item of food or drink is served.  It starts when the server picks up the food or drink from a preparation or pickup area and ends when it is deposited at the location where the people being served may eat or drink it.  Such events are typically part of the job of any restaurant server who waits on tables, and they may be performed also by a host or servant at a dinner party or banquet, or by a family member at a home meal.  Note: this collection does not include placing a `serving' of food from a common dish onto a diner's plate.")

;;; #$Set-Mathematical
(#$isa #$Set-Mathematical #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Set-Mathematical #$SetOrCollection)
(#$comment #$Set-Mathematical "The collection of mathematical sets.  An element of #$Set-Mathematical can be any arbitrary set, including sets whose members have nothing in common.  In contrast, the members of an instance of #$Set-Mathematical's sibling #$Collection (q.v.) all have some important, natural properties in common.  Sets and collections also differ in that there cannot exist two distinct sets that have exactly the same elements.  A third point of contrast between sets and collections is that rarely will it be desirable to create a new constant to refer to a set.  Instead, a set will either be intensionally specified by a defining property, using #$TheSetOf, as in (#$TheSetOf ?X (#$likesAsFriend Lenat ?X)), or extensionally specified by listing its elements, using #$TheSet, as in (#$TheSet 3 4 5).  (In certain cases, a set will be extensionally specified by means of one of the more specialized functions #$ThePartition or #$TheCovering.  See #$partitionedInto and #$covering.)")

;;; #$SetOrCollection
(#$isa #$SetOrCollection #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SetOrCollection #$MathematicalOrComputationalThing)
(#$comment #$SetOrCollection "The collection of all mathematical sets and all collections.  Instances of #$Set-Mathematical and instances of #$Collection share some basic common features.  They are both abstract entities, lacking spatial and temporal properties.  More specifically, they (can) have elements, and hence may stand to one another in set-theoretic relations such as #$subsetOf and #$disjointWith.  Nevertheless, sets and collections differ in two important respects.  Every collection is associated with an intensional criterion for membership -- a more or less natural property or group of properties possessed by its members.  (The criterion for membership need not, and often will not, be precisely definable in any language.)  Collections are thus akin to kinds.  In contrast, the elements of a set are not required to be homogeneous in any respect; any things whatsoever may together comprise the members of a set.  The second major difference between sets and collections is that no two distinct sets can be co-extensional (be such that every element of one is an element of the other and conversely).  Sets are, so to speak, identified on the basis of their extensions.  Collections, on the other hand, are identified by their intensional criteria for membership.  So collections which have exactly the same elements may be distinct, differing in their respective membership criteria.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$SetOrCollection #$SENSUS-Information1997 "COLLECTION")

;;; #$SetTheFormat
(#$isa #$SetTheFormat #$Format)
(#$comment #$SetTheFormat "Any argument place of a Cyc predicate may have a specified format that constrains its possible value(s).  If an argument position has #$SetTheFormat as its entry format, then --- given some fixed set of values for the other arguments to that predicate --- any number of assertions can still be true in the KB with different terms in that argument position.  E.g., the #$arg1Format for #$mother is #$SetTheFormat, since a woman can have any number of children.  See also #$Format, and contrast with #$SingleEntry.")

;;; #$SetWithStructure
(#$isa #$SetWithStructure #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$SetWithStructure #$Situation)
(#$genls #$SetWithStructure #$MathematicalObject)
(#$comment #$SetWithStructure "The collection of all mathematical structures each consisting of a set with structuring relations (e.g., a #$BinaryPredicateOnSets) on that set (and, optionally, one or more functions and/or selected other sets, individuals or subsets for that set).  Examples include #$PartiallyOrderedSets, #$MultiGraphs, etc.  Sometimes mathematicians specify these using a #$Tuple of sets, relations, functions, and/or individuals, as specifications.")

;;; #$Shaft
(#$isa #$Shaft #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Shaft #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Shaft #$Artifact)
(#$comment #$Shaft "A collection of artifacts.  An instance of #$Shaft is an object which is long, straight, and cylindrical.  A shaft may be made of wood, metal, etc.")

;;; #$Shame
(#$isa #$Shame #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Shame #$Embarrassment)
(#$comment #$Shame "Painful self-conscious feeling of guilt, shortcoming, or impropriety.  #$Shame often accompanies social disgrace or disrepute.  It often leads to #$Remorse.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.")

;;; #$ShapeDescribingPredicate
(#$isa #$ShapeDescribingPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$ShapeDescribingPredicate #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$genls #$ShapeDescribingPredicate #$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate)
(#$comment #$ShapeDescribingPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$ShapeDescribingPredicate is a predicate used in assertions about abstract shapes and shape-like configurations, such as posture.  Examples: #$shape, #$xyCrossSectionShape, #$yzCrossSectionShapeType, #$continuouslyConnectedTo, #$postureOfAnimal.")

;;; #$ShapeFunction
(#$isa #$ShapeFunction #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$ShapeFunction #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$comment #$ShapeFunction "A collection of Cyc functions.  Each element of #$ShapeFunction is a function which returns an element of #$AbstractShape, an abstract physical region with a specific shape and dimensions.  Elements of #$ShapeFunction include #$RectangleFn, #$EllipseFn, #$CircleFn, #$RectangularSolidFn, #$CylinderFn, etc.  Each shape function takes as argument(s) the dimension(s) of #$Distance needed to determine a geometric shape of that kind, then returns a shape which has those dimensions.  For example, (#$CylinderFn L D) denotes an abstract cylinder of length L and diameter D.")

;;; #$ShapeType
(#$isa #$ShapeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ShapeType #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$ShapeType #$SituationType)
(#$comment #$ShapeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$ShapeType is a collection of abstract physical shapes.  These are shapes which, for example, a physical object can have when considered `in outline', as occupying a region of space which has certain dimensions and geometrical characteristics.  Elements of #$ShapeType include #$ThreeDimensionalShape, #$TwoDimensionalShape, #$Polygon, #$Square, #$Circle, #$SphereShape, #$CylinderShape, #$PyramidShape, etc.")

;;; #$ShapingSomething
(#$isa #$ShapingSomething #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$ShapingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ShapingSomething #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$genls #$ShapingSomething #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$comment #$ShapingSomething "A collection of events.  In each #$ShapingSomething, something (usually a more or less `plastic' object) is given a definite shape.  In many, but not all, cases (e.g., #$MakingPottery), an instance of #$ShapingSomething is also a #$CreationEvent,   Normally, elements of #$ShapingSomething are concerned with the basic, overall shape of an object.  Thus, a #$PolishingSomething event, which doesn't affect the basic shape of the #$objectOfStateChange, is not a #$ShapingSomething.")

;;; #$SharedNote
(#$isa #$SharedNote #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$SharedNote #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SharedNote #$TextGroup)
(#$genls #$SharedNote #$Individual)
(#$comment #$SharedNote "#$SharedNote is an element of the Cyc collection #$DocumentationConstant.  Each instance of #$SharedNote is a constant which contain only documentation (usually a #$comment) about two or more constants (not including that documentation constant).  See #$sharedNotes for more information.")

;;; #$Sharing
(#$isa #$Sharing #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Sharing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Sharing #$MakingSomethingAvailable)
(#$genls #$Sharing #$GainingUserRights)
(#$genls #$Sharing #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights)
(#$comment #$Sharing "A collection of events; a subset of #$MakingSomethingAvailable (among other supersets).  In an instance of #$Sharing, one #$Agent receives #$PrimaryRoleUseRights over an object for a limited time from another #$Agent, who doesn't give up his or her own right to use it, too (but does give up exclusive right to it).  Cf. #$BorrowingSomething.")

;;; #$SharpEdged
(#$isa #$SharpEdged #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$SharpEdged "Includes anything which has a sharp edge.  Includes knives, scissors, and broken glass.  Does not include the right angle at the edge of a desk--that's not sharp enough.  Does not include the edge of a cotton sheet--that's not hard enough to be sharp.  Does not include a needle--it may be sharp, but it's not an edge.  For needles, nails, etc., see #$PointyEnded.")

;;; #$ShatteringEvent
(#$isa #$ShatteringEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$ShatteringEvent #$Separation-Complete)
(#$genls #$ShatteringEvent #$SeparationEvent)
(#$genls #$ShatteringEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$ShatteringEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$ShatteringEvent, something is destroyed by being broken into a mob of pieces. [A `mob' means `a large but indeterminate number']   Since the salient parts of the #$inputsDestroyed must be #$Brittle in order for this to happen, fluids (such as liquid water) and elastic stuff (such as rubber at room temperature) will generally not undergo any #$ShatteringEvents.  Items which can be an #$objectActedOn in shattering events are typically made of glass, pottery, bone, plaster, etc.  Many substances, particularly solid metals and alloys, are extremely difficult to shatter.")

;;; #$ShavingSomething
(#$isa #$ShavingSomething #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$ShavingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$ShavingSomething #$MovementEvent)
(#$genls #$ShavingSomething #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$ShavingSomething #$Separation-Complete)
(#$genls #$ShavingSomething #$HandlingADevice)
(#$comment #$ShavingSomething "A collection of events.  In each #$ShavingSomething event, thin pieces of material on an object's surface are removed.  An example would be someone whittling a wooden spoon, someone using a lathe to make a table leg, someone scraping the top layer of mold and cheese off a brick of cheese that was left in the refrigerator just a little too long, etc.  
WARNING: an event in which someone ``shaves'' their body hair (a #$ShavingBody event) from one's face, legs, etc. with a shaver or razor is NOT a  #$ShavingSomething event; rather, it is an element of the collection #$CuttingSomething.  If one uses a depilatory such as Nair, then one could actually ``shave'' (genuinely a #$ShavingSomething event) the resultant coating of depilatory and separated hair ends away. ")

;;; #$ShearStrength
(#$isa #$ShearStrength #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$ShearStrength #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$ShearStrength #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$ShearStrength "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$ShearStrength represents a specific capacity of some physical object to resist the slipping of one segment in relation to another.  Shear strengths are designated using a #$GenericValueFunction; higher value means more resistance to slippage.  Shear strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate #$shearStrengthOfObject.")

;;; #$SheetOfSomeStuff
(#$isa #$SheetOfSomeStuff #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SheetOfSomeStuff #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$SheetOfSomeStuff "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of #$SheetOfSomeStuff is a substance which (in its `intrinsic' shape) is continuous and, when flattened, uncrumpled, unfurled, etc, has one dimension which is significantly smaller than the other two dimensions.  The requirement of being a continuous sheet does not preclude some type of penetrability, as in instances of #$Screen, #$Netting, or #$LaceCloth.  Belonging to this collection implies nothing about the current configuration of the object; in particular, elements of #$SheetOfSomeStuff need not be lying flat.  Aluminum foil on a roll or a bedspread crumpled up on a bed are instances of #$SheetOfSomeStuff. Cf. #$SheetShaped, #$TwoDimensionalShape.")

;;; #$SheetShaped
(#$isa #$SheetShaped #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute)
(#$comment #$SheetShaped "A physical attribute.  #$SheetShaped is the element of #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute that describes a tangible object that is flat and spread out, planar, and neither fully crumpled nor compactly folded.  In one of the dimensions it is much smaller than in the other two.  Bedspreads, ice over ponds, and sheets of paint on a house are all possible examples of objects having this attribute.  For describing a sheet of something (e.g., waxed paper, aluminum foil, cloth) regardless of its configuration, use #$SheetOfSomeStuff.")

;;; #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart
(#$isa #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart #$SkeletalSystem)
(#$comment #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart "The collection of all animal shells.  An animal's shell is one of its #$AnimalBodyParts, and functions as a hard protective outer covering for the animal.")

;;; #$ShelterConstruction
(#$isa #$ShelterConstruction #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ShelterConstruction #$Artifact)
(#$comment #$ShelterConstruction "A collection of artificial tangible objects.  Each element of #$ShelterConstruction is an artifact built by some entity or creature, including but not limited to humans, and intended for use as a shelter.  Elements of #$ShelterConstruction include bird nests, termite mounds, beaver dams, the #$SydneyOperaHouse, the #$PalaceOfFineArts-SanFrancisco, and the #$NewYorkHiltonAtBroadway.")

;;; #$Ship
(#$isa #$Ship #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Ship #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Ship "A subcollection of #$Boat-WaterTransportationDevice, whose instances are large, typically ocean-going vessels.")

;;; #$Shipping
(#$isa #$Shipping #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Shipping #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Shipping 
  (#$TransportViaFn #$TransportationDevice))
(#$genls #$Shipping #$TransportingGoods)
(#$genls #$Shipping #$ServiceEvent)
(#$genls #$Shipping #$SendingSomething)
(#$comment #$Shipping "Shipping of objects from one physical location to another. Shipping from the perspective of being done as a dedicated service, such as what UPS, the US Postal Service, or Dominoes Pizza Delivery might do.")

;;; #$ShippingLocation
(#$isa #$ShippingLocation #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$isa #$ShippingLocation #$ContactLocationType)
(#$genls #$ShippingLocation #$MailingLocation)
(#$genls #$ShippingLocation #$HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject)
(#$comment #$ShippingLocation "A collection of places; a subset of #$ContactLocation.  Each element of #$ShippingLocation is a location to which merchandise is physically delivered, e.g., a house, an office, a corporate mailroom, a post office box.")

;;; #$Shirt
(#$isa #$Shirt #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Shirt #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Shirt #$ClothingItem)
(#$comment #$Shirt "A collection of objects.  Every element of #$Shirt is a clothing item that is worn to cover the upper part of the human torso, with openings for the neck and lower body, and either openings for, or sleeves encircling, the arms.  Subsets include #$LongSleeveShirt, #$Blouse, and #$TankTop.")

;;; #$Shoe
(#$isa #$Shoe #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Shoe #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Shoe #$ClothingItem)
(#$comment #$Shoe "A collection of objects.  Every element of #$Shoe is a shoe or shoelike thing worn on the feet.  Important subsets include #$Boot-Footwear, #$Sandal, #$Slipper, and #$CasualShoe.  Elements of the collection #$Shoe are single shoes.  Pairs of shoes are elements of the collection denoted by (#$PairFn #$Shoe).")

;;; #$ShortPants
(#$isa #$ShortPants #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$ShortPants #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ShortPants #$Pants)
(#$comment #$ShortPants "A collection of objects; a subset of #$Pants.  Every element of #$ShortPants has pantlegs that cover only the upper part of the wearer's legs, being typically knee-length or shorter.")

;;; #$ShreddingEvent
(#$isa #$ShreddingEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$ShreddingEvent #$SeparationEvent)
(#$genls #$ShreddingEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$ShreddingEvent "A collection of events.  In each #$ShreddingEvent, the #$inputsDestroyed are destroyed by a large number of #$Ripping #$subEvents.")

;;; #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType
(#$isa #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType is a collection of attributes.  If COL is such a collection, then nothing can have two instances of COL as attributes unless those two instances are related in a #$genlAttributes relationship to each other.  For example, #$MaritalStatusOfPeople is an element of #$SiblingDisjointAttributeType; no person can have (at the same time) the #$maritalStatus #$Married and the #$maritalStatus #$Single.  However, a person could have both the status #$Single and the status #$Divorced, if #$Single is a #$genlAttributes of #$Divorced.  See also #$SiblingDisjointCollection.")

;;; #$SiblingDisjointCollection
(#$isa #$SiblingDisjointCollection #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SiblingDisjointCollection #$Collection)
(#$comment #$SiblingDisjointCollection "#$SiblingDisjointCollection captures a very important concept, but one that is rarely given a name.  There are many sets of sets for which any two member sets either will be disjoint (i.e., have no intersection) or else one will be a subset of the other.  For instance, consider the various types (i.e., sets) of animals in the usual Linnaean taxonomy:  Vertebrate, Bird, Dog, Mammal, Invertebrate, Person, etc.; Vertebrates and Invertebrates are mutually disjoint, while Bird, Mammal, Dog, and Person are all subsets of Vertebrate.  Dog and Person are disjoint with each other, but each of them is a subset of Vertebrate.  All of the Linnaean sets, or collections, of animals can be grouped together into one set, or collection, of sets, which in turn is an instance of #$SiblingDisjointCollection.   
It turns out that the real situation --- and the real definition of #$SiblingDisjointCollection --- is slightly more complicated than that.  Consider types of appliances: toasters, cars, shavers, clocks, etc.  Is the set of such appliance-types a #$SiblingDisjointCollection, the way we defined it above, for types of animals?  Almost, but not quite.  One could have an appliance-type `ClockRadio', which would be the set of all clock radios, and clearly each clock radio is both a clock and a radio, yet neither #$Clock nor #$RadioReceiver is a subset of the other.  So if we have some item that purports to be both a clock and radio, that is okay if one of the following three conditions is met:
(1) the collection #$Clock is known to be a subset of #$RadioReceiver;
(2) the collection #$RadioReceiver is known to be a subset of #$Clock;
(3) there is already defined a collection X which is a subset of both #$Clock and #$RadioReceiver.
More formally, the axiom that defines #$SiblingDisjointCollection is as follows: SIB is an element of #$SiblingDisjointCollection if and only if:
(#$implies
   (#$and 
       (#$isa C1 SIB) 
       (#$isa C2 SIB) (#$isa C1-EL C1)
       (#$different C1 C2))
   (#$or 
       (#$not (#$isa C1-EL C2)) 
       (#$thereExists C3 (#$and (#$genls C3 C2) (#$genls C3 C1) (#$isa C1-EL C3)))))
That axiom, together with the minimization of #$genls, gives us the following characterization of our concept:  If we have a collection SIB that is an element of #$SiblingDisjointCollection, and if we take two elements C1 and C2 of that collection SIB, then each element of C1 which is not an element of a common specialization (C3) of C1 and C2, MUST NOT BE an element of C2.
In cases where there are a few exceptions --- that is, a couple of elements of SIB might have some overlap --- but it is undesirable to explicitly create a new reified constant (like `ClockRadio', above) for that intersection, Cyc allows you to use an explicit mechanism to override the #$SiblingDisjointCollection constraints for a particular C1 and C2; namely, you would assert to Cyc (#$siblingDisjointExceptions C1 C2).  See also #$siblingDisjointExceptions.")

;;; #$Side
(#$isa #$Side #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$Side #$Surface-Physical)
(#$comment #$Side "Elements are portions of some #$Surface-Physical which constitute a boundary between the inside and outside of a tangible object.")

;;; #$SignTheDisplay
(#$isa #$SignTheDisplay #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SignTheDisplay #$VisualInformationSource)
(#$genls #$SignTheDisplay #$HardcopyInformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$SignTheDisplay "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of #$VisualInformationSource.  Each element of #$SignTheDisplay is a tangible object typically posted where people can see it so that they can obtain information from it.  Uses of signs include identification of objects (e.g., street signs, name tags, species labels at zoos); advertising (e.g., billboards, neon signs, posters for garage sales); warnings (e.g., signs for road hazards or road construction, `No Trespassing' postings, printed tape marking off a police line).")

;;; #$SimpleContactAcquaintance
(#$isa #$SimpleContactAcquaintance #$AcquaintanceAttribute)
(#$comment #$SimpleContactAcquaintance "The attribute which specifies that persons X and Y have met each other at least once, and probably would be able to recall this, and even recognize each other, if they meet again.  I.e., (#$acquaintances X Y #$SimpleContactAcquaintance) implies (#$acquaintances Y X #$SimpleContactAcquaintance); that is, if X has met Y, then Y has met X.  This assumes that there was a meeting event in which (earlier subabstractions of) X and Y interacted, that both were minimally conscious, etc.")

;;; #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic
(#$isa #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic #$MultiGraph)
(#$genls #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic #$SimplePathSystem)
(#$comment #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic "The collection of all #$PathSystems that are instances of both #$SimplePathSystem and #$MultiGraph.  Each instance of #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic is a 'graph', as studied in graph theory, in which there are neither loops nor multiple links between the same pair of nodes.")

;;; #$SimpleNoun
(#$isa #$SimpleNoun #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$SimpleNoun #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$SimpleNoun "The collection of all simple nouns, also called common nouns. Simple nouns can typically be preceded by a determiner, and in English they inflect for number. Example: 'dog'.")

;;; #$SimplePathSystem
(#$isa #$SimplePathSystem #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SimplePathSystem #$Thing)
(#$comment #$SimplePathSystem "An instance of #$PathSystemType and the collection of #$PathSystems without loops or parallel links.  This collection includes #$SimpleGraph-GraphTheoretic when there are no non-node points along links.")

;;; #$SimpleRepairing
(#$isa #$SimpleRepairing #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$SimpleRepairing #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SimpleRepairing #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$SimpleRepairing #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$SimpleRepairing #$ActionOnObject)
(#$genls #$SimpleRepairing #$PurposefulAction)
(#$comment #$SimpleRepairing "The collection of events in which something gets fixed.")

;;; #$SimpleSegmentOfPath
(#$isa #$SimpleSegmentOfPath #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$SimpleSegmentOfPath #$Path-Generic)
(#$comment #$SimpleSegmentOfPath "The collection of all segments of #$Path-Generics each of which has no path junctions between its ends.  The two ends of such a segment may or may not coincide at the same location (i.e. a #$SimpleSegmentOfPath may form a loop.  See also #$SimpleUnloopedSegmentOfPath).  The only access to something located along a #$SimpleSegmentOfPath is via the #$endsOfPathSegment locations for that #SimpleSegmentOfPath.  When the segment is part of a specified #$PathSystem (as opposed to a mere #$CustomarySystemOfLinks), the predicate #$linkInSystem (or else #$loopInSystem) applies to it and the system.")

;;; #$SimpleWholeBodyMovement
(#$isa #$SimpleWholeBodyMovement #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$SimpleWholeBodyMovement #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$SimpleWholeBodyMovement #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$comment #$SimpleWholeBodyMovement "A collection of common bodily movements (e.g., walking, jumping) in which the whole body is involved in the movement.")

;;; #$SingleCellOrganism
(#$isa #$SingleCellOrganism #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SingleCellOrganism #$Organism-Whole)
(#$genls #$SingleCellOrganism #$Cell)
(#$comment #$SingleCellOrganism "The collection of living things which are all elements of both #$Organism-Whole and #$Cell.  Each element of #$SingleCellOrganism is an organism consisting of one self-reproducing living cell.")

;;; #$SingleDoerAction
(#$isa #$SingleDoerAction #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$SingleDoerAction #$Action)
(#$comment #$SingleDoerAction "A collection of actions.  Each element of #$SingleDoerAction is an action which can have only one `doer' (i.e., only one agent `doing' it).  Such events may be intentional or not.  Most bodily functions belong to subsets of this collection, because the only agent of a normal bodily function is the agent whose body it is  (e.g., #$Heartbeating, #$Bleeding).  For a type of action to be a subset of #$SingleDoerAction, it must be inconsistent to assert, for any member of the subset, both (#$doneBy ACT X) and (#$doneBy ACT Y), where X and Y are different.  In contrast, #$CarryingWhileLocomoting is NOT a subset of #$SingleDoerAction.  For, although an action of that kind might often be done by only one performer, it is also common for two or more people to cooperate in carrying something.")

;;; #$SingleEntry
(#$isa #$SingleEntry #$Format)
(#$comment #$SingleEntry "Argument places of Cyc predicates may have specified formats that constrain their values.  #$SingleEntry is a format constraint used to indicate that there is at most one value in a certain argument place, when all other arguments are fixed.  For example, the #$arg2Format  of #$mother is #$SingleEntry, since an animal can only have one mother.  See also #$Format, and contrast with #$SetTheFormat.")

;;; #$SingleResidenceUnit
(#$isa #$SingleResidenceUnit #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$SingleResidenceUnit #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SingleResidenceUnit #$ModernHumanResidence)
(#$comment #$SingleResidenceUnit "A collection of human residences.  Each element of #$SingleResidenceUnit is either a modern-style detached house, an apartment, or another instance of #$ModernHumanResidence designed to accomodate either a single person or a single family (i.e., instance of #$FamilyCohabitationUnit).  Usually, each element of #$SingleResidenceUnit has a unique mailing address.")

;;; #$SingleSiteOrganization
(#$isa #$SingleSiteOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SingleSiteOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$SingleSiteOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An instance of #$SingleSiteOrganization is an organization which has a single location as its #$physicalQuarters.  For example, the #$KMartStore at Parmer Lane, Simon & David at the Arboretum, and Great Hills #$FireStation Number 2 would be positive instances.  But the #$KMartCompany, #$TomThumbTheCompany, and the Austin City Fire Department are negative examples, since those `parent' organizations have several sites as their #$physicalQuarters.")

;;; #$SittingPosture
(#$isa #$SittingPosture #$Posture)
(#$comment #$SittingPosture "The attribute that describes, most generically, an #$Animal in a seated position.  The exact nature of the position depends upon the typical body structure of the animal's species.")

;;; #$Situation
(#$isa #$Situation #$Collection)
(#$genls #$Situation #$Individual)
(#$comment #$Situation "#$Situation is the collection of situations.  A situation is a state of affairs; it identifies roles played by objects involved in the situation, and it articulates the relationships between those roles.  One important partitioning of #$Situation is:

(1) #$Event --- the dynamic situations.
(2) #$StaticSituation. --- they exist in time, but are not dynamic, more a set of relationships among objects.  E.g., consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96.   There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc.  There is a fuzzy line between #$Events and #$StaticSituations: one could think of Bill as `carrying out the process of sitting' while he's in his easy chair.  
(3) atemporal situations.  There are some abstract, non-spatial, non-temporal instances of #$Situation.  This is not very common, though; most situations of interest have (dynamic or static) temporal properties, and are instances of #$TemporalThing.  ")

;;; #$SituationFn
(#$isa #$SituationFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$SituationFn #$SituationType)
(#$resultGenl #$SituationFn #$Situation)
(#$arg1Isa #$SituationFn #$CycFormula)
(#$comment #$SituationFn "#$SituationFn is a Cyc function, specifically a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$SituationFn FORM) denotes a collection of situations in which the #$CycFormula FORM is true.  FORM may contain variables.  For example, FORM might describe the general situation in which a letter is addressed to a person who has filed a mail forwarding order.  If FORM is true in a particular case, then that is a situation of the (#$SituationFn FORM) kind, and related axioms may indicate inferences or actions to take.  Every collection denoted by a #$SituationFn expression is an element of (#$isa) SituationType.")

;;; #$SituationType
(#$isa #$SituationType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SituationType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$SituationType "A collection of collections.  #$SituationType is the collection of subsets of #$Situation.")

;;; #$SkeletalSystem
(#$isa #$SkeletalSystem #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$SkeletalSystem #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$SkeletalSystem #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$SkeletalSystem #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$SkeletalSystem "The collection of all animals' skeletal systems.  A #$SkeletalSystem is a system of body parts used to support, separate, and protect the other parts of the body, especially the torso and the soft, vulnerable internal organs of the animal.  It can be an external #$Exoskeleton (see also: #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart) or an internal interlinking of numerous parts composed of #$Bone-BodyPart and #$Cartilage.")

;;; #$Skin
(#$isa #$Skin #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Skin #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Skin #$TactileSensor)
(#$genls #$Skin #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensor)
(#$genls #$Skin #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$genls #$Skin #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Skin "A (piece of) skin serves as outer protective and tactile sensory covering for (part of) an animal's body.  This is the collection of all pieces of skin.  Some examples include TheGoldenFleece (an entire skin) and YulBrynnersScalp (a small portion of his skin).")

;;; #$Skirt
(#$isa #$Skirt #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Skirt #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Skirt #$WomensClothing)
(#$genls #$Skirt #$ClothingItem)
(#$comment #$Skirt "The collection of all skirts, a category of women's clothing intended to cover the lower part of the body")

;;; #$SkolemFuncN
(#$isa #$SkolemFuncN #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SkolemFuncN #$SkolemFunction)

;;; #$SkolemFuncNFn
(#$isa #$SkolemFuncNFn #$FunctionTheMathematicalType)
(#$resultIsa #$SkolemFuncNFn #$Thing)
(#$arg1Isa #$SkolemFuncNFn #$CycSystemList)
(#$arg2Isa #$SkolemFuncNFn #$CycSystemSymbol)
(#$arg3Isa #$SkolemFuncNFn #$NonNegativeScalarInterval)

;;; #$SkolemFunction
(#$isa #$SkolemFunction #$Collection)
(#$isa #$SkolemFunction #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$SkolemFunction #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$comment #$SkolemFunction "#$SkolemFunction is a collection of Cyc system-generated functions that implement existential quantifications in Cyc.  Whenever someone asserts to Cyc an expression that contains a `#$thereExists', Cyc automatically creates a new element of #$SkolemFunction and rewrites the assertion using that skolem function, as described in what follows.  (Most Cyc users don't need to know the following details, which are supplied only for the curious.)







Suppose we tell Cyc that every animal has a birth date; i.e., for each animal, there exists a date such that the animal was born on that date --- in CycL, (#$implies (#$isa ?x #$Animal)(#$thereExists ?y (#$birthDate ?x ?y))).  In response to that CycL formula, Cyc would create a new element of #$SkolemFunction -- we might call it the `BirthDateFn' -- whose single argument would be an animal and whose resultant value would be a date, namely, that animal's date of birth.  Subsequently, Cyc would automatically use the `BirthDateFn' in asserting our rule, eliminating the need for a `#$thereExists'.  Our formula would thus be rewritten by the system, as follows:







(#$implies 

   (#$and

     (#$isa ?x #$Animal)

     (#$termOfUnit ?y (`BirthDateFn' ?x)))

   (#$birthDate ?x ?y)).





See also #$termOfUnit. 





Note: Although our example uses the name 'BirthDateFn' for our skolem function, at this time (4/97), skolem functions are automatically named by the Cyc system using the prefix `SKF-' followed by a number.  The system-generated name can be replaced by re-naming, though that is rarely done in practice.")

;;; #$SkolemFunctionFn
(#$isa #$SkolemFunctionFn #$FunctionTheMathematicalType)
(#$resultIsa #$SkolemFunctionFn #$Thing)
(#$arg1Isa #$SkolemFunctionFn #$CycSystemList)
(#$arg2Isa #$SkolemFunctionFn #$CycSystemSymbol)

;;; #$Sleeping
(#$isa #$Sleeping #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Sleeping #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Sleeping #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary)
(#$genls #$Sleeping #$Resting-Relaxing)
(#$comment #$Sleeping "The collection of all #$Sleeping events, i.e., natural processes in which an #$Animal engages in some unconscious mental activity coupled with physical rest.  #$Sleeping is a subset of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary; the process of #$Sleeping is essential for the health of sentient animals.")

;;; #$Sleepy
(#$isa #$Sleepy #$Alertness)
(#$genlAttributes #$Sleepy #$Awake)
(#$comment #$Sleepy "#$Sleepy is the #$Alertness attribute which is a specialization of #$Awake.  It is the state an animal normally passes through before #$GoingToSleep.")

;;; #$SmellPerception
(#$isa #$SmellPerception #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$SmellPerception #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SmellPerception #$Perceiving)
(#$comment #$SmellPerception "The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which a #$PerceptualAgent #$smells something and thereby acquires information about it.")

;;; #$SmokingFood
(#$isa #$SmokingFood #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$SmokingFood #$PreservingFood)
(#$comment #$SmokingFood "A kind of cooking in which the food is exposed to smoke.  This adds nitrates to the food to prevent rotting.")

;;; #$SnowFlake
(#$isa #$SnowFlake #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SnowFlake 
  (#$SolidFn #$Water))
(#$genls #$SnowFlake #$PrecipitationParticle)
(#$comment #$SnowFlake "The collection of frozen water crystals emitted by clouds in instances of #$SnowProcess.")

;;; #$SnowProcess
(#$isa #$SnowProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SnowProcess #$PrecipitationProcess)
(#$comment #$SnowProcess "The collection of events in which the condensed liquid water in clouds freezes into ice crystals which become substantial enough to fall to the earth as snow.")

;;; #$Snowy
(#$isa #$Snowy #$WeatherAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Snowy #$Cloudy)
(#$comment #$Snowy "The #$WeatherAttribute that characterizes an #$OutdoorLocation at which it is snowing.")

;;; #$SociabilityBasedAction
(#$isa #$SociabilityBasedAction #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$SociabilityBasedAction #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SociabilityBasedAction #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$SociabilityBasedAction "The collection of socially based actions, those performed mostly for the sake of sociability, in which considerations of socially acceptable interactions with others are important.")

;;; #$SocialAttributeType
(#$isa #$SocialAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SocialAttributeType #$AttributeType)
(#$comment #$SocialAttributeType "This is a collection of collections.  Each #$SocialAttributeType is itself a coherent collection of attributes that pertain to human behavior.  This definition is very broad, and embraces attributes of behavior (personal and social) one might read about in a sociology, psychology, cultural anthropology, economics, political science, or social philosophy course -- in short, in the (human) `behavioral' sciences.  A more specialized concept is #$SocialStatusAttributeType, which limits the focus to status-related attributes.  This is a superset of that, much more general collection which includes, as elements, #$AcquaintanceAttribute, #$InterAgentRelationAttribute, etc., as well as all the elements of #$SocialStatusAttributeType (qv).")

;;; #$SocialBeing
(#$isa #$SocialBeing #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SocialBeing #$IntelligentAgent)
(#$comment #$SocialBeing "The collection of beings whose existence is accepted by some social system.  (Thus, the elements of #$SocialBeing will vary with social contexts.)  Social beings are entities able to perform social roles in the system that recognizes them.  #$SocialBeing includes elements of #$Organization (e.g., the #$QueensGuard) as well as the elements of #$LegalAgent (in that system), so, for example, in modern industrial social systems, the elements of #$LegalCorporation and #$Person are instances of #$SocialBeing. ")

;;; #$SocialClass-Lifestyle
(#$isa #$SocialClass-Lifestyle #$SocialAttributeType)
(#$genls #$SocialClass-Lifestyle #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$SocialClass-Lifestyle #$SocialStatusAttribute)
(#$comment #$SocialClass-Lifestyle "The collection of attributes that indicate a person's social class, as determined by the person's general lifestyle, quality of life, and relative access to the (material and security oriented) desiderata of life.  It may depend on a cultural non-material system of social rank, based on birth, office, manners, vocal accent or other factors.  Members of this collection include #$LowerMiddleClass, #$UpperClass, etc.")

;;; #$SocialGathering
(#$isa #$SocialGathering #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$SocialGathering #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$SocialGathering #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$SocialGathering #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$SocialGathering "The collection of intentional social gatherings of people who have the same or similar purposes in attending, and in which there is communication between the participants.  E.g., a party, a conference, a wedding, etc.
Note:  A group of people waiting to board an elevator is not typically a #$SocialGathering, even though they share a common purpose, since they are not expected to talk to each other.")

;;; #$SocialOccurrence
(#$isa #$SocialOccurrence #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$SocialOccurrence #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SocialOccurrence #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$genls #$SocialOccurrence #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$SocialOccurrence "A collection of events; a subset of #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent.  Each element of #$SocialOccurrence is an event in which two or more agents (and often many more than two) take part.  Often, elements of #$SocialOccurrence involve communication among the participating agents.   Usually there are some social occurrences in every culture that have very elaborate role structures (e.g., a lawsuit or a wedding), and some that are fairly simple (e.g., belching at the dinner table).  See also: #$socialParticipants.")

;;; #$SocialRitual
(#$isa #$SocialRitual #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$SocialRitual #$SocialGathering)
(#$genls #$SocialRitual #$Ritual)
(#$comment #$SocialRitual "The collection of social events in which some kind of ritual is performed.  E.g., a wedding, an awards ceremony, a baptism, an inauguration, a graduation ceremony, etc.
Note: In Cyc's ontology, the collection #$Inauguration is not exactly a subset of #$SocialRitual; e.g., it is not true that (#$isa The1992InaugurationOfGeorgeBushAsPresidentOfTheUSA  #$SocialRitual).  This is because there are many aspects to an #$Inauguration, besides the social ritual aspects.  E.g., there is the political aspect, namely the legitimate change of chief executive of a nation.  The carrying out of the `script' for an inauguration (i.e., the ceremony itself) is an element of the collection #$SocialRitual. ")

;;; #$SocialStatusAttribute
(#$isa #$SocialStatusAttribute #$CompositeAttributeType)
(#$isa #$SocialStatusAttribute #$SocialStatusAttributeType)
(#$genls #$SocialStatusAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$SocialStatusAttribute "The collection of #$AttributeValues that pertain to human social status; role or rank (formal or informal) in the surrounding culture.  Most assertions should be made in terms of some specialization of this collection (or an instance of some specialization of this collection).  Members of this collection include: #$LowerMiddleClass, #$GoodLooking, #$FourthGradeLevel, etc.")

;;; #$SocialStatusAttributeType
(#$isa #$SocialStatusAttributeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SocialStatusAttributeType #$SocialAttributeType)
(#$comment #$SocialStatusAttributeType "This is a collection of collections.  Each #$SocialStatusAttributeType is itself a coherent collection of attributes that pertain to rank/status along some particular `dimension' related somehow to `status in society.'  Some sample elements of #$SocialStatusAttributeType are: #$SocialStatusAttribute, #$Glamor, #$SocialPower, #$Credibility, #$EducationLevelAttribute, etc. ")

;;; #$SolarPoweredDevice
(#$isa #$SolarPoweredDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SolarPoweredDevice #$PoweredDevice)
(#$comment #$SolarPoweredDevice "A collection of physical devices; a subset of #$PoweredDevice.  An instance of #$SolarPoweredDevice is a device which is powered by energy from sunlight.  Examples include solar-powered calculators and solar heating systems.")

;;; #$Soldier
(#$isa #$Soldier #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Soldier #$MilitaryPerson)
(#$genls #$Soldier #$Professional)
(#$comment #$Soldier "A person having as a profession a branch of Soldiering")

;;; #$SoleProprietorship
(#$isa #$SoleProprietorship #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SoleProprietorship #$LegalAgent)
(#$genls #$SoleProprietorship #$UnincorporatedOrganization)
(#$genls #$SoleProprietorship #$Organization)
(#$genls #$SoleProprietorship #$Business)
(#$comment #$SoleProprietorship "A collection of unincorporated businesses organizations.  An element of #$SoleProprietorship is a business in which an individual #$Person (or a married couple) owns, operates, and assumes liability for the business.   A #$SoleProprietorship may or may not have employees.  It has no shareholders or partners.")

;;; #$SolidFn
(#$isa #$SolidFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$SolidFn #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$resultGenl #$SolidFn #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$arg1Isa #$SolidFn #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$comment #$SolidFn "A #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  #$SolidFn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see #$TangibleStuffCompositionType).  (#$SolidFn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in the #$SolidStateOfMatter.  E.g., the ice cubes in my lemonade belong to the collection (#$SolidFn #$Water-Fresh).")

;;; #$SolidStateOfMatter
(#$isa #$SolidStateOfMatter #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous)
(#$comment #$SolidStateOfMatter "One of the basic physical states of matter.  Solid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by definite, persistent boundaries, independent of container.  Examples of things that typically have this #$AttributeValue are: a piece of wood, a lump of coal, a quartz crystal, a gold ingot stored in Fort Knox, a human skull.")

;;; #$SolidTangibleProduct
(#$isa #$SolidTangibleProduct #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$SolidTangibleProduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SolidTangibleProduct #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$SolidTangibleProduct #$TangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$SolidTangibleProduct "A collection of tangible products.  Each element of #$SolidTangibleProduct is a tangible product that is a solid, either a solid object (e.g., an automobile) or a stuff in solid form (e.g., lumber).")

;;; #$SolidTangibleThing
(#$isa #$SolidTangibleThing #$TangibleStuffStateType)
(#$genls #$SolidTangibleThing #$TangibleThing)
(#$comment #$SolidTangibleThing "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of #$SolidTangibleThing is a substance that is intrinsically in a #$SolidStateOfMatter.  For example, #$AyersRock, the quarter-dollar coin I put in the parking meter, the ice cubes in my lemonade, a paper bag and the bagel inside it.  Collections containing the solid phase of any type of stuff can be created using #$SolidFn (q.v.).")

;;; #$Solubility
(#$isa #$Solubility #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Solubility #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Solubility #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Solubility "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Solubility describes how readily some tangible substance dissolves in some kind of liquid.  Different levels of #$Solubility may be represented with #$GenericValueFunctions or qualitatively (e.g., #$WillDissolve, #$Insoluble).")

;;; #$Solution
(#$isa #$Solution #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Solution #$Mixture)
(#$comment #$Solution "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of #$Mixture.  Each instance of #$Solution is a #$Mixture of two or more chemically distinct substances.  #$Solutions are homogeneous, meaning that the composition at any one point in the #$Mixture is the same as that at any other point.  In contrast, a #$Suspension is a #$Mixture in which small discontinuous particles are surrounded by a continuous fluid.  Under normal conditions, the #$solvent of every #$Solution has the #$stateOfMatter #$LiquidStateOfMatter.  Thus #$Solutions also normally exhibit the properties of a liquid, since #$solvents are #$mainConstituents.  Exceptions to this include #$Gels, in which 'solid-like' properties of the #$Solution arise from the highly structured orientation of the #$solute.  Examples of #$Solutions: a cup of coffee, a tincture of iodine, some vanilla extract.")

;;; #$SomethingExisting
(#$isa #$SomethingExisting #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$SomethingExisting #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$SomethingExisting "#$SomethingExisting is the subset of #$TemporalThing whose elements are more or less static, at least compared to the highly dynamic elements of #$Event.   The clearest examples of #$SomethingExisting are tangible things, like people, lakes, stars, the Earth's ionosphere, etc.  Some elements of #$Intangible, such as agreements and obligations, also exist stably in time over their lifetime (rather than `happening'), and thus both #$Agreement and #$Obligation are subsets of (i.e., have the #$genls) #$SomethingExisting).")

;;; #$SomethingToWear
(#$isa #$SomethingToWear #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SomethingToWear #$NonPoweredDevice)
(#$genls #$SomethingToWear #$PersonalProduct)
(#$genls #$SomethingToWear #$PortableObject)
(#$genls #$SomethingToWear #$TangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$SomethingToWear "A collection of tangible objects.  Each instance of #$SomethingToWear is an object that an animal (usually a person) wears on its body, i.e., in a #$WearingSomething event.  It is worth remarking that, in such an event, the wearer doesn't have to exert any intentional effort to continue wearing the object.  For example, shirts remain on people's torsos, hats stay on heads, rings on fingers; once in place, dog collars stay on dogs, saddles stay on horses.  By contrast, a hula hoop is NOT an example of #$SomethingToWear.  A borderline case is a #$Purse, which at first blush seems to be something to wear, yet requires carrying by the performer, hence is not a member of this collection.  Similarly, a briefcase is not an #$SomethingToWear.")

;;; #$Sound
(#$isa #$Sound #$WavePropagationType)
(#$genls #$Sound #$WavePropagation)
(#$comment #$Sound "A collection of events; a subset of #$WavePropagation.  Each element of #$Sound is an instance of wave propagation in which longitudinal pressure waves travel through matter.  Includes the elements of #$AudibleSound, #$UltraSound, and temblors.")

;;; #$SoundInformationBearingThing
(#$isa #$SoundInformationBearingThing #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$SoundInformationBearingThing #$InformationBearingThing)
(#$genls #$SoundInformationBearingThing #$InformationBearingWavePropagation)
(#$genls #$SoundInformationBearingThing #$AudibleSound)
(#$comment #$SoundInformationBearingThing "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation.  Each element of #$SoundInformationBearingThing is an audible sound that contains information: a spoken utterance, the performance of a sonata, a Morse code message tapped out on a prison wall, etc.")

;;; #$South-Directly
(#$isa #$South-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$isa #$South-Directly #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$genlAttributes #$South-Directly #$South-Generally)
(#$comment #$South-Directly "Due South, an element of #$TerrestrialDirection.")

;;; #$South-Generally
(#$isa #$South-Generally #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$South-Generally "The general direction of South.  The element of #$VectorInterval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as #$South-Directly.")

;;; #$SouthEast-Directly
(#$isa #$SouthEast-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$isa #$SouthEast-Directly #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$SouthEast-Directly "The precise Southeast direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; #$SouthEast-Generally
(#$isa #$SouthEast-Generally #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$SouthEast-Generally "The general direction of SouthEast.  The #$VectorInterval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as #$SouthEast-Directly.")

;;; #$SouthWest-Directly
(#$isa #$SouthWest-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$isa #$SouthWest-Directly #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$SouthWest-Directly "The precise Southwest direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; #$SouthWest-Generally
(#$isa #$SouthWest-Generally #$GeographicalDirection)
(#$comment #$SouthWest-Generally "The general direction of SouthWest.  The #$VectorInterval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as #$SouthWest-Directly.")

;;; #$SpaceInAHOC
(#$isa #$SpaceInAHOC #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SpaceInAHOC #$Cavity)
(#$genls #$SpaceInAHOC #$HumanOccupationConstruct)
(#$comment #$SpaceInAHOC "A collection of open spatial regions.  Each element of #$SpaceInAHOC is a space found inside some instance of #$HumanOccupationConstruct (= HOC).  Elements include all major spaces inside any #$HumanOccupationConstruct, including not only rooms (elements of #$RoomInAConstruction), but halls, elevator shafts, attics, stairwells, and the spaces inside trains, cars, and airplanes that are designed for human occupation.  Other building parts which are not open spatial regions (e.g., walls, plumbing, etc.) are NOT included in this collection; cf. #$PartOfBuilding.  #$SpaceInAHOC is #$disjointWith the collection #$OutdoorLocation.")

;;; #$SpacePoint
(#$isa #$SpacePoint #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SpacePoint #$GeometricThing)
(#$comment #$SpacePoint "A collection of geometrical things. Each #$SpacePoint is an extensionless geometrical point, and thus exists in zero dimensions.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$SpacePoint #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SPACE-POINT")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$SpacePoint #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ZERO-D-LOCATION")

;;; #$SpaceTransportationEvent
(#$isa #$SpaceTransportationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SpaceTransportationEvent #$TransportationEvent)
(#$comment #$SpaceTransportationEvent "The collection of all space transportation event.")

;;; #$Spacecraft
(#$isa #$Spacecraft #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Spacecraft #$TransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Spacecraft "The collection of transportation devices deployed entirely in outer space, or whose trajectories leave the atmosphere of the planet they're launched from, in order to orbit the planet or to travel away from it beyond its gravitational field.")

;;; #$SpanishLanguage
(#$isa #$SpanishLanguage #$LivingLanguage)
(#$comment #$SpanishLanguage "The indigenous language of #$Spain and, secondarily, most of Central and South America")

;;; #$SpatialPredicate
(#$isa #$SpatialPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$SpatialPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$genls #$SpatialPredicate #$CotemporalPredicate)
(#$comment #$SpatialPredicate "The collection predicates about spatial relationships.  Note that when an element of #$SpatialPredicate has an instance of #$Group as one of its arguments, the predicate applies to all the members of that group.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$SpatialPredicate #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SPATIAL-RELATION")

;;; #$SpatialThing
(#$isa #$SpatialThing #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$SpatialThing #$Individual)
(#$comment #$SpatialThing "The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other #$SpatialThing.  Note well that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues.  First, a #$SpatialThing may be #$PartiallyTangible, like #$Texas-State or wholly #$Intangible, like the #$ArcticCircle or a line or a plane referenced in a geometric theorem.  Second, although we do insist on location relative to another #$SpatialThing, a #$SpatialThing may or may not be located in the physically observable universe.  It is far from clear that all #$SpatialThings are so located:  eg, a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system.  If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's spec, #$SpatialThing-Localized.")

;;; #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType
(#$isa #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType #$RegionType)
(#$comment #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType "A collection of collections; a subset of #$RegionType.  Each element of #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType is a collection of geographical regions, none of whose elements spatially intersects another.  For example, the collection #$State-UnitedStates is an element of #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType, because the territories of U.S. states do not overlap.  Other examples of collections that are elements of #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType: #$CanadianProvince, #$IndependentCountry, #$City, and #$Colony.  A non-example is #$EcologicalRegion, since ecological regions can overlap.")

;;; #$Speaking
(#$isa #$Speaking #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Speaking #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Speaking #$MakingAnOralSound)
(#$genls #$Speaking #$IBTGeneration)
(#$comment #$Speaking "The collection of actions generating 
#$Utterances which are speech. A subset of #$Talking: hence,
#$Speaking normally includes
only those #$Utterances using #$Language as a communication convention, unlike
other #$Utterances, such as #$Booing and #$Cheering.")

;;; #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType
(#$isa #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType is a subset of #$InformationBearingThing, all of whose instances have in common all (or nearly all) of their information content and their primary media form.  For example, the collection specified by `the book War and Peace' is an element of #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType; so is the collection described by `the movie Jaws' (even though both the novel `War and Peace' and the film `Jaws' were issued in slightly different variants).  Heterogeneous collections, however, such as those defined by `books written by Mark Twain', or by `the Jaws story in all its forms [movie, book, comic book, tape]', are NOT elements of #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType, although they are subsets of #$InformationBearingThing.  Examples of #$SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType: #$AdventuresOfHuckleberryFinnTheBook, #$OS-2, #$Lotus123, #$PeloponnesianWarHistoryByThucydides-TheBook, #$CitizenKane-TheMovie.")

;;; #$SpeechPart
(#$isa #$SpeechPart #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$SpeechPart #$NonlexicalLinguisticObject)
(#$comment #$SpeechPart "The collection of all parts of speech.  Subsets of #$SpeechPart include #$Preposition, #$Adverb, #$SimpleNoun, #$Determiner, #$QuantifyingIndexical, #$Punctuation-SP, #$Pronoun).  To link a specific word with the parts of speech for which it has forms, see #$posForms; e.g., #$You-TheWord has a#$Pronoun form, #$And-TheWord has a #$CoordinatingConjunction form, #$Hit-TheWord has both #$SimpleNoun and #$Verb forms.")

;;; #$Speed
(#$isa #$Speed #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Speed #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Speed #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Speed #$Rate)
(#$comment #$Speed "A subset of #$Rate.  Each element of #$Speed is a rate of change in position (of an object, wave front, etc.).  Elements of #$Speed may be either fixed amounts, such as (#$MilesPerHour 55), or a range, such as #$WalkingSpeed or #$Calm-WindSpeed.  See #$UnitOfSpeed for the units used by Cyc to measure speeds.")

;;; #$SpermCell
(#$isa #$SpermCell #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SpermCell #$EukaryoticCell)
(#$genls #$SpermCell #$AnimalBLO)
(#$comment #$SpermCell "A subset of #$Cell.  #$SpermCell is the collection of specialized gamete cells which are produced by meiosis in the reproductive tract of male animals.  Each sperm cell usually has half the number of chromosomes that regular body cells do, and when it fertilizes an ovum, the ovum becomes a zygote and continues to develop into a mature individual.  See also #$MaleAnimal, #$SexualReproductionEvent.")

;;; #$SphereFn
(#$isa #$SphereFn #$ShapeFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$SphereFn #$ThreeDimensionalShape)
(#$resultIsa #$SphereFn #$AbstractShape)
(#$arg1Isa #$SphereFn #$Distance)
(#$comment #$SphereFn "The Cyc function #$SphereFn is a #$ShapeFunction (q.v.).  (#$SphereFn D) returns an abstract #$SphereShape which has diameter D.  Examples: the #$shape of a 2-inch rubber ball is #$SphereShape; the ball #$fitsIn the shape denoted by (#$SphereFn (#$Inch 2)). The #$shape of #$PlanetEarth is also #$SphereShape; Earth #$fitsIn the shape denoted by (#$SphereFn (#$Mile 8000)).")

;;; #$SpokenCommunicating
(#$isa #$SpokenCommunicating #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$SpokenCommunicating #$ScriptType)
(#$genls #$SpokenCommunicating #$AudioCommunicating)
(#$genls #$SpokenCommunicating #$HumanActivity)
(#$comment #$SpokenCommunicating "A collection of information transfer events; a subset of #$AudioCommunicating.  Each element of #$SpokenCommunicating is a transmission of sound-borne verbal information by spoken words between two (or more) agents.  The communication may be one-way or two-way (or multi-way); see #$Communicating.  Examples of #$SpokenCommunicating: a telephone conversation, a classroom discussion, the #$GettysburgAddress-Speech.  Note that the collection #$Speaking contains events in which a person generates spoken language but doesn't necessarily communicate it; e.g., a person practicing a speech alone.  If someone who is speaking is also communicating, then her speaking is a #$subEvents of some element of #$SpokenCommunicating.  Every element of #$SpokenCommunicating has at least one #$communicationToken which is an element of #$Utterance.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$SpokenCommunicating #$SENSUS-Information1997 "SPEECH-ACT")

;;; #$SportsEvent
(#$isa #$SportsEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$SportsEvent #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SportsEvent #$AthleticActivity)
(#$comment #$SportsEvent "The collection of individual sports events, such as a single game of baseball, an individual 100M race, etc.  An entire sandlot baseball game would be a #$SportsEvent, but one inning wouldn't be.  A double-header could be viewed as a single #$SportsEvent, though, even though each half of it was also a #$SportsEvent.  Several #$SportsEvents can be organized into a #$SportsFormalCompetition.  One single double-header evening of baseball would not be a #$SportsFormalCompetition, nor one single tennis match, etc.  
note:  The collection #$SportsEvent does not include every #$AthleticActivity; e.g., Rocky training for his boxing match, a group of kids racing to the bus stop, a person skiing for pleasure, etc. are not instances of #$SportsEvent.")

;;; #$Spreadsheet
(#$isa #$Spreadsheet #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Spreadsheet #$StructuredInformationSource)
(#$genls #$Spreadsheet #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$Spreadsheet "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of #$StructuredInformationSource.  Each element of #$Spreadsheet is an IBO that presents (usually numeric) data in a two-dimensional matrix of cells that are organized into rows and columns.  A spreadsheet may be produced by hand with pencil and paper or generated by a computer #$SpreadsheetProgram such as #$Lotus123.  Associated with every spreadsheet are mathematical definitions of some of its cells as a function of other cells in that spreadsheet.")

;;; #$SpringSeason
(#$isa #$SpringSeason #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SpringSeason #$SeasonOfYear)
(#$comment #$SpringSeason "The collection of Spring seasons.  In the #$TemperateClimateCycle, Spring is the time ice melts, the average temperature starts to increase, the days get longer, plants begin to put forth buds, etc.  #$SpringSeason represents the climatic aspects of spring; see #$CalendarSpring for the purely temporal aspects of spring.")

;;; #$SqrtFn
(#$isa #$SqrtFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$SqrtFn #$RealNumber)
(#$arg1Isa #$SqrtFn #$RealNumber)
(#$comment #$SqrtFn "#$SqrtFn is the unary mathematical function that returns the square root of its argument; e.g., (#$SqrtFn 4) returns 2.")

;;; #$SquareMile
(#$isa #$SquareMile #$UnitOfArea)
(#$isa #$SquareMile #$FPSUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$SquareMile #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$SquareMile #$Area)
(#$resultIsa #$SquareMile #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$SquareMile #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$SquareMile "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the square mile used as a unit of measure for area, within the British (FPS) system.  See also #$FPSUnitOfMeasure, #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$SquaredFn
(#$isa #$SquaredFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$resultIsa #$SquaredFn #$RealNumber)
(#$arg1Isa #$SquaredFn #$RealNumber)
(#$comment #$SquaredFn "#$SquaredFn is the unary mathematical function that returns the square of the real number taken as its argument; e.g., (#$SquaredFn 9) returns 81.")

;;; #$StandardUnitOfMeasure
(#$isa #$StandardUnitOfMeasure #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$StandardUnitOfMeasure #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$StandardUnitOfMeasure "#$StandardUnitOfMeasure is a subset of #$UnitOfMeasure, the collection of units used to measure quantifiable properties.  #$StandardUnitOfMeasure contains those units which are considered the #$standardUnit for the property they measure.  Some examples: the standard #$UnitOfVolume is the #$Liter; the standard #$UnitOfTemperature is the #$DegreeKelvin; the standard #$UnitOfMass is the Kilogram.  Every unit type has one unit designated as the standard unit for that type.")

;;; #$StartFn
(#$isa #$StartFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$StartFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$StartFn #$TimePoint)
(#$arg1Isa #$StartFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$StartFn "#$StartFn is a function that takes a #$TemporalThing and returns the #$TimePoint it began.  Thus:  (#$startingPoint ?X (#$StartFn ?X))")

;;; #$Starvation
(#$isa #$Starvation #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Starvation #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Starvation #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$genls #$Starvation #$DestructionEvent)
(#$comment #$Starvation "A collection of events.  Each instance of #$Starvation is an event in which
an #$Animal is so hungry as to be #$Starving.  If prolonged, it results in death.  NB:  Note that this is a #$SingleDoerAction (q.v.), so it doesn't cover cases wherein one creature withholds food from another.")

;;; #$Starving
(#$isa #$Starving #$LevelOfHunger)
(#$isa #$Starving #$OrderOfMagnitudeInterval)
(#$comment #$Starving "A #$LevelOfHunger (q.v.) one step beyond #$Hungry.  Note: this
constant expresses a static #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute, not a
dynamic process.  For the #$Event that involves #$Starving, see
#$Starvation.")

;;; #$State-Geopolitical
(#$isa #$State-Geopolitical #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$State-Geopolitical #$CountrySubsidiary)
(#$genls #$State-Geopolitical #$GeopoliticalEntity)
(#$comment #$State-Geopolitical "A collection of geopolitical entities which are sub-divisions of countries.  An element of #$State-Geopolitical is a ``state-equivalent,'' i.e., a region whose political government is at the very next administrative level down from the national level.  In different countries, such a main geopolitical subdivision may be called variously a `region', a `state', a `province', a `prefecture', a `department', a `parish', or something else.  In the U.S.A., it is called a `state'.  See also #$Province.")

;;; #$State-UnitedStates
(#$isa #$State-UnitedStates #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType)
(#$genls #$State-UnitedStates #$State-Geopolitical)
(#$comment #$State-UnitedStates "A collection of geopolitical sub-regions.  Each of the (currently 50) elements of #$State-UnitedStates is a State in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica; i.e., #$Alabama-State, #$Alaska-State, #$Arizona-State, #$Arkansas-State, etc.")

;;; #$StateCapital
(#$isa #$StateCapital #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$StateCapital #$CapitalCityOfRegion)
(#$genls #$StateCapital #$City)
(#$comment #$StateCapital "A collection of cities.  Each element of #$StateCapital is a city that is the capital city of the geopolitical state in which it is located.  Note that this collection is for capitals of all the elements in #$State-Geopolitical (q.v.), not just members of the subset #$State-UnitedStates.  Examples: #$CityOfJuneauAK, #$CityOfLansingMI, #$CityOfAnnapolisMD, Quebec City, Edmonton, Perth (Austr.), Xian, Guangzhou, Lahore.")

;;; #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous
(#$isa #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous "#$StateOfMatter-SolidLiquidGaseous is the collection of attributes which describe the basic physical states that pieces of matter can be in.  Elements of this collection are #$SolidStateOfMatter, #$SemiSolidStateOfMatter, #$LiquidStateOfMatter, and #$GaseousStateOfMatter.  Although the chemical composition of a substance does not change when its basic physical state changes, many of its intrinsic physical properties do change--including its density, viscosity, brittleness, color, size, etc.  In addition, changing the basic state of pieces of certain compounds may alter their chemical composition (e.g., using distillation to separate alcohol from other fluids) and as a result may effect toxicity and other biological factors.")

;;; #$StaticSituation
(#$isa #$StaticSituation #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$StaticSituation #$SomethingExisting)
(#$genls #$StaticSituation #$Situation)
(#$comment #$StaticSituation "#$StaticSituations are states of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. #$StaticSituations always have a temporal extent; they usually have a tangible and spatial extent.   As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96.   There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc.   It happens at a particular time and place, but there is no active, dynamic #$Event that is going on. ")

;;; #$Stealing-Generic
(#$isa #$Stealing-Generic #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Stealing-Generic #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Stealing-Generic #$UnintendedLossOfUserRights)
(#$genls #$Stealing-Generic #$TransferringPossession)
(#$genls #$Stealing-Generic #$TakingSomething)
(#$comment #$Stealing-Generic "A collection of events; a subset of #$TakingSomething.  In an instance of #$Stealing-Generic, one #$Agent takes a possession of another agent's without the owner's permission (and possibly without the owner's knowledge).  Stealing is commonly considered criminal in most contexts.
Note:  It is not the case that every use of another's things without explicit permission is categorized as an instance of #$Stealing-Generic.  An informal agreement or `understanding' may exist between #$Agents that would cover casual `borrowing' (and excuse it from being stealing); the closer the relationship the more expensive and personal the items that fall into such an exclusion.  E.g., even if I am in a perfect stranger's office, and they have left for a minute, I feel it is not stealing to take one of their Kleenexes if I am about to sneeze.")

;;; #$Steamed
(#$isa #$Steamed #$PreparationAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Steamed #$Cooked)
(#$comment #$Steamed "The attribute #$Steamed is a specialized form of #$Cooked.  Food that is #$Steamed has been prepared in an event of #$SteamingFood.")

;;; #$SteamingFood
(#$isa #$SteamingFood #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$SteamingFood #$CookingFood)
(#$comment #$SteamingFood "cooking food by surrounding it in steam.")

;;; #$SteppeClimateCycle
(#$isa #$SteppeClimateCycle #$ClimateCycleType)
(#$genls #$SteppeClimateCycle #$TemperateClimateCycle)
(#$comment #$SteppeClimateCycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of #$SteppeClimateCycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) on the steppes (i.e., temperate zone semiarid plains).  Characteristics of a steppe climate include: little precipitation, but wetter than a desert; wide temperature extremes, from very hot in the day to cold at night.")

;;; #$Stock
(#$isa #$Stock #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Stock #$SalesAgreement)
(#$genls #$Stock #$AuthorizedAgreement)
(#$comment #$Stock "A collection consisting of all shares of stock.  An element of #$Stock is a share of ownership in some instance of #$LegalCorporation; its owner is an #$Agent who is recorded as a shareholder in the official records of that corporation.  A company may have several classes of #$Stock, such as Common, Preferred, Class A, Class B, etc.")

;;; #$StockCertificate
(#$isa #$StockCertificate #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$StockCertificate #$OfficialDocument)
(#$genls #$StockCertificate #$IDDocument)
(#$comment #$StockCertificate "A collection of official documents.  Each element of #$StockCertificate is a document issued by a company to one of its shareholders, certifying the shareholder's ownership of some number of shares of stock in that corporation.")

;;; #$StockHoldings
(#$isa #$StockHoldings #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$StockHoldings #$FinancialAssetHoldings)
(#$comment #$StockHoldings "A collection of partially tangibles; a subset of #$FinancialAssetHoldings.  Each instance of #$StockHoldings is a group of #$Stock shares owned by an #$Agent.  It may consist of shares in only one company or different groups of shares in multiple companies.")

;;; #$StockInFn
(#$isa #$StockInFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$StockInFn #$Collection)
(#$resultGenl #$StockInFn #$Stock)
(#$arg1Isa #$StockInFn #$LegalCorporation)
(#$comment #$StockInFn "#$StockInFn is a Cyc function, specifically a #$CollectionDenotingFunction. It is used to represent a collection of stock in a particular company.  (#$StockInFn COMPANY) applied to a #$LegalCorporation COMPANY returns the collection of all shares of #$Stock in that corporation.")

;;; #$StockType
(#$isa #$StockType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$StockType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$StockType "A collection of collections.  An instance of #$StockType is a collection of all shares of stock of a particular type in a particular corporation.  For example, ``General Motors Class E Stock''.")

;;; #$Stomach
(#$isa #$Stomach #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$isa #$Stomach #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$genls #$Stomach #$Organ)
(#$comment #$Stomach "The collection of all stomachs.  An individual #$Stomach is an #$Organ which is part of the #$DigestiveSystem that churns and digests #$Food.")

;;; #$StoneStuff
(#$isa #$StoneStuff #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$StoneStuff #$StructuralSupportStuff)
(#$genls #$StoneStuff 
  (#$SolidFn #$EarthStuff))
(#$comment #$StoneStuff "A collection of tangible things; a subset of #$EarthStuff.  Each element of #$StoneStuff is a piece or portion of rock or stone; e.g., #$MountRushmoreMonument.")

;;; #$Stream
(#$isa #$Stream #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Stream #$BodyOfWater)
(#$comment #$Stream "#$Stream is the generic collection for natural, flowing bodies of water, including everything from great rivers to tiny creeks.  Every stream flows in (see #$in-ContOpen) some conduit (see #$FluidConduit) such as a streambed or riverbed. Examples: #$AmazonRiver, #$LittleMissouriRiver, #$WoundedKnee-Creek.  Cf. #$River, #$Creek.  Note that riverbanks are not streams nor are they part of streams, but rather mark the edge of a stream.")

;;; #$Street-Generic
(#$isa #$Street-Generic #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Street-Generic #$UrbanArea)
(#$genls #$Street-Generic #$PathForWheeledVehicles)
(#$comment #$Street-Generic "The subcollection of #$PathForWheeledVehicles thatcontains all streets inside of cities and towns.")

;;; #$StreetAddress
(#$isa #$StreetAddress #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$StreetAddress #$Address-LocationDesignator)
(#$comment #$StreetAddress "A collection of strings. Each element of #$StreetAddress is a string that denotes a street number and street name.  For example, `3721 Executive Center Drive', the street address of #$Cycorp.")

;;; #$Strength
(#$isa #$Strength #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Strength #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Strength #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Strength #$ScriptPerformanceAttribute)
(#$comment #$Strength "#$Strength is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions performed by exerting nontrival force at the times it is necessary.")

;;; #$StructuralSupportStuff
(#$isa #$StructuralSupportStuff #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$StructuralSupportStuff #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$StructuralSupportStuff "A collection of tangibles. Each element of #$StructuralSupportStuff is a hard, rigid substance typically used for structural support.  For example, the instances of #$Wood, #$BoneTheStuff, #$StoneStuff.")

;;; #$StructuredInformationSource
(#$isa #$StructuredInformationSource #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$StructuredInformationSource #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$StructuredInformationSource #$InformationBearingThing)
(#$comment #$StructuredInformationSource "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of #$StructuredInformationSource is an information bearing object or event in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically).  Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map.")

;;; #$Student
(#$isa #$Student #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$Student #$Person)
(#$comment #$Student "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$Student is someone who studies at an academic institution.  This collection includes students at all levels of study in all types of educational institutions.")

;;; #$StudentStatusAttribute
(#$isa #$StudentStatusAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$StudentStatusAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$StudentStatusAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each #$StudentStatusAttribute indicates the currency or bureaucratic phase of processing a student's participation in an educational course or institution; elements of this collection include #$Graduate, #$Enrolled, etc.")

;;; #$StuffType
(#$isa #$StuffType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$StuffType #$Collection)
(#$comment #$StuffType "A collection of collections.   Every element of #$StuffType is a collection of substances which have the following logical property: such a substance may be subdivided, spatially or temporally, and the resultant portions will also be instances of the #$StuffType collection to which the original substance belonged.  Elements of #$StuffType may be collections of any kind of stuff, tangible or intangible, temporal or atemporal, which has that property.  (The notion of #$StuffType corresponds roughly to that of a mass noun in English.)   Thus, if COL is some collection that is an element of #$StuffType, and ITEM is an element of COL, then if ITEM is divided into two (or more) segments, each segment is also an element of COL.  Examples of #$StuffType: #$Water (the collection of all portions of water, whose spatial sub-portions are also water); #$Breathing (the collection of all events wherein someone breathes for any amount of time, whose temporal sub-events are also instances of #$Breathing).  Note that `taking a complete breath' would NOT be stufflike, since not every temporal interval of breathing would be a complete breath from start to finish; cf. #$ObjectType.  See also these four collections: #$StuffType, #$ObjectType, #$ExistingStuffType, and #$ExistingObjectType.")

;;; #$SubAbs
(#$isa #$SubAbs #$Format)
(#$comment #$SubAbs "If the predicate P has entry format #$SubAbs for one of its argument positions N, then, given some fixed set of arguments in the other positions, mutiple assertions may be added to the KB so long as each term appearing in argument position N is a #$subAbstrac of some common #$Entity. Note that the case where the entity itself appears as arg N is allowed, since for all x, (#$subAbstrac X X) is true.  Let's consider an example.  The #$arg2Format of #$laterSubAbstractions is #$SubAbs.  Thus Cyc will allow one to assert that #$laterSubAbstractions of SamZilkerAsATeenager include SamZilkerAsAnAdult, and SamZilkerDuringHisFirstMarriage, etc., so long as all of those are known to be subabstractions of the very same entity, in this case the one representing Sam Zilker.")

;;; #$SubAtomicParticle
(#$isa #$SubAtomicParticle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SubAtomicParticle #$MicroscopicScaleObject)
(#$comment #$SubAtomicParticle "A collection of objects; a subset of #$MicroscopicScaleObject.  Every instance of #$SubAtomicParticle is a physical particle smaller than an atom.  Major subsets of #$SubAtomicParticle include #$Electron, #$Proton, and #$Neutron.")

;;; #$SubPathBetweenFn
(#$isa #$SubPathBetweenFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$SubPathBetweenFn #$Path-Simple)
(#$arg1Isa #$SubPathBetweenFn #$Path-Simple)
(#$arg2Isa #$SubPathBetweenFn #$Thing)
(#$arg3Isa #$SubPathBetweenFn #$Thing)
(#$comment #$SubPathBetweenFn "Given a path PATH and different points X and Y on it, (#$SubPathBetweenFn PATH X Y) gives a unique subpath SUB of PATH that is between X and Y.  This function should not be used without the context of a #$PathSystem because only with the reference to a path system can we be certain about the existence of such a subpath (e.g., Austin and Texas are different points on I-35, but there is no subpath of I35 that is between Austin and Texas).  To put this in another way, let SYS be any path system.  If PATH is a path in SYS and X and Y are different points in SYS and are also points on PATH, (#$SubPathBetweenFn PATH X Y) is the only subpath (in SYS) of PATH that is between X and Y.  See #$pathInSystem.  Note that this function is not defined on the cartesian product #$Path-Simple x #$Thing x #$Thing, but on a proper subset of it.")

;;; #$SubProcessSlot
(#$isa #$SubProcessSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$SubProcessSlot #$Role)
(#$genls #$SubProcessSlot #$TemporalPartSlot)
(#$comment #$SubProcessSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$SubProcessSlot is a binary predicate that relates one instance of #$Event to a second event that is in some way a part of the first.  Examples: #$subEvents, #$inPreparationFor, #$manufacturingSteps, #$outboundLegOfRoundTrip.")

;;; #$Submarine
(#$isa #$Submarine #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Submarine #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Submarine #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$Submarine #$Ship)
(#$comment #$Submarine "Submarine is the collection of all boats that can operate underwater.")

;;; #$Subway
(#$isa #$Subway #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Subway #$Railway)
(#$comment #$Subway "The collection of all underground #$Railways, under the surfaces of major cities.  Some parts of Subways may be in trenches, on bridges or on elevated tracks, but most of a Subway is in underground tunnels.")

;;; #$SubwayStation
(#$isa #$SubwayStation #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SubwayStation #$HumanOccupationConstruct)
(#$comment #$SubwayStation "The collection of all subway (underground railroad) stations.  These are usually located at least partly underground, on subway tracks, and their primary purpose is to be a place where subway trains discharge and receive passengers.")

;;; #$SuccessorFn
(#$isa #$SuccessorFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$SuccessorFn #$Integer)
(#$arg1Isa #$SuccessorFn #$Integer)
(#$comment #$SuccessorFn "(#$SuccessorFn ?N) denotes the next #$Integer after ?N.  This is somewhat broader than the ordinary ''successor'' function on natural numbers, since #$SuccessorFn applies to all #$Integers.")

;;; #$SummerSeason
(#$isa #$SummerSeason #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$SummerSeason #$SeasonOfYear)
(#$comment #$SummerSeason "The collection of Summer seasons.  In the #$TemperateClimateCycle, Summer is generally the time of greatest warmth.  #$SummerSeason represents the climatic aspects of summer.  For its purely temporal aspects, see #$CalendarSummer.")

;;; #$Sunny
(#$isa #$Sunny #$WeatherAttribute)
(#$genlAttributes #$Sunny 
  (#$HighAmountFn #$Visibility))
(#$comment #$Sunny "The #$WeatherAttribute that characterizes an #$OutdoorLocation at which the sun is shining brightly.")

;;; #$Sunrise
(#$isa #$Sunrise #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Sunrise #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Sunrise #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Sunrise "Each #$Sunrise is an #$Event where, at a given location, the #$Sun appears to clear the horizon as it `rises'.  This event is construed to occur regardless of the visibility of the #$Sun due to obscuring objects such as clouds.  Every #$Sunrise is #$contiguousAfter a #$Dawn, and every #$DaytimeHours is #$temporallyStartedBy a #$Sunrise.")

;;; #$Sunset
(#$isa #$Sunset #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Sunset #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Sunset #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Sunset "Each #$Sunset is an #$Event where, at a given location, the #$Sun occludes the horizon as it appears to set.  This event is construed to occur regardless of the visibility of the #$Sun due to obscuring objects such as clouds.  There is a #$Dusk which is #$contiguousAfter each #$Sunset.  Every #$DaytimeHours is #$temporallyFinishedBy a #$Sunset, as is every #$Afternoon.")

;;; #$SuperconductorResistance
(#$isa #$SuperconductorResistance #$ElectricalResistance)
(#$comment #$SuperconductorResistance "A measurable physical attribute.  #$SuperconductorResistance is the element of #$ElectricalResistance that describes an object which has absolutely no resistance to the passage of electricity.  That level of resistance is found only in superconductors.")

;;; #$SupplyCompany
(#$isa #$SupplyCompany #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SupplyCompany #$OrganizationWithBusinessCustomers)
(#$comment #$SupplyCompany "A collection of commercial organizations.  An element of #$SupplyCompany is a company whose #$MainFunction is selling supplies to other companies.  For example, elements of #$ElectricalSupplyCompany or grocery #$Wholesalers.")

;;; #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory
(#$isa #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory #$Microtheory)
(#$comment #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory "The collection of microtheories that describe how things are 'supposed to be' according to some agent or agents.  This technique can be used to represent things like the policies of a company, the laws of a country, the tenets of a religion, the rules of proper conduct for employees of a particular corporation, etc.  The assertions in a #$SupposedToBeMicrotheory may or may not describe the world as it actually is.  Examples: #$BasicWesternLegalConceptsMt, #$SportsRulesOf-BoxingSportsEvent, #$CycStaffCalendar, and #$OfficeCodeOfConductMt.")

;;; #$Surface-Abstract
(#$isa #$Surface-Abstract #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Surface-Abstract #$Surface-Generic)
(#$genls #$Surface-Abstract #$AbstractShape)
(#$comment #$Surface-Abstract "The collection of all abstract mathematical surfaces - not real physical ones that we can touch.")

;;; #$Surface-Generic
(#$isa #$Surface-Generic #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Surface-Generic #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$Surface-Generic "The collection of all surfaces (including #$Surface-Abstract and #$Surface-Physical); each is a #$SpatialThing that has extent in at least two dimensions, but either does not have a thickness (i.e. a two dimensional object) or has an insignificant thickness compared with its length and width (Note: if the object is a closed surface, e.g. an apple skin, any significant sub region must have insignificant thickness compared to its length and width).  Surfaces may be two or three dimensional, tangible or intangible.  Such a surface may be curved, folded, crumpled, or flat.  Thus a Euclidian two dimensional disc, a dinner plate, a crumpled sheet of paper, the top of a desk, a ribbon, and a basket ball's skin are exemplars of a #$Surface-Generic.  They may be spatially connected or not spatially connected.  Thus, both a frisbee and the Milky Way galaxy (as it appears in the sky) are exemples.  Negative exemplars include an entire basket ball (i.e. its skin plus the cavity inside), a planet, and a euclidian solid sphere. All of these are negative exemplars because thickness is not significantly smaller than length and width.  If an object has an #$areaOfObject it must be a #$Surface-Generic.  If the object `has two sides' (e.g. a sheet of paper, a frisbee, but not #$Texas-State or an #$InsideSurface of a cave or room.  (See #$OneSidedVsTwoSidedObjectNote.) The areas on either side of a #$Surface-Generic are equal.")

;;; #$Surface-Physical
(#$isa #$Surface-Physical #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Surface-Physical #$Surface-Generic)
(#$genls #$Surface-Physical #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$Surface-Physical "The collection of all of real physical (hence technically three-dimensional) surfaces.  The thickness of a #$Surface-Physical is much less than its average length or width, but it is not of zero thickness.  A Surface-Physical may have holes, tears, and may be unconnected, in multiple pieces.")

;;; #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject
(#$isa #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject #$SheetOfSomeStuff)
(#$genls #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject #$Surface-Physical)
(#$comment #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject "The collection of all physical surfaces (or portions or patches of surfaces) of #$TangibleThings.")

;;; #$Surgery
(#$isa #$Surgery #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Surgery #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$Surgery #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$Surgery #$MedicalCareEvent)
(#$comment #$Surgery "A collection of actions.  An instance of #$Surgery is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of the living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (a #$MedicalTreatmentEvent).  Examples of surgeries which are medical treatments include: removal of a foreign body, cancer, an organ that's causing trouble, etc.; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker); or repair of some internal structure.")

;;; #$Surprise
(#$isa #$Surprise #$FeelingAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Surprise #$FeelingAttribute)
(#$comment #$Surprise "Impression due to something unexpected, unanticipated, or startling.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.  Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Surprise are #$Disappointment and #$Wonder-Admiration.")

;;; #$Suspension
(#$isa #$Suspension #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Suspension #$Mixture)
(#$comment #$Suspension "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of #$Mixture.  Each instance of #$Suspension is a mixture which has exactly one #$suspendingFluid and at least one kind of #$suspendedPart.  Each of the #$suspendedParts is an instance of #$Particle, and there are a mob of them.  Some suspensions are fairly stable (e.g., mayonnaise), while others tend to separate quickly (e.g., sugar stirred into cold lemonade).  Other examples of #$Suspension: a cloud, a spray of aerosol deodorant.")

;;; #$Swallowing
(#$isa #$Swallowing #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Swallowing #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Swallowing #$BodyMovementEvent)
(#$genls #$Swallowing #$BiologicalIntakeEvent)
(#$genls #$Swallowing #$BodilyFunctionEvent)
(#$comment #$Swallowing "The collection of actions in which an #$Animal moves a solid or a liquid from its #$Mouth to its #$Stomach.  A type of #$BodilyFunctionEvent as well as a type of #$BodyMovementEvent.")

;;; #$Switzerland
(#$isa #$Switzerland #$IndependentCountry)
(#$isa #$Switzerland #$Entity)
(#$comment #$Switzerland "The nation of Switzerland as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects.")

;;; #$SymbolicObject
(#$isa #$SymbolicObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$SymbolicObject #$InformationBearingObject)
(#$comment #$SymbolicObject "A collection of objects.  Each element of #$SymbolicObject by convention symbolizes some thing or event or achievement, without describing it propositionally in any detail.  Examples include national flags, military medals and ribbons, school colors, an Oscar, a Crucifix, a caduceus, trademark logos of commercial brands.  Elements of #$SymbolicObject need not have propositional information contents; probably most do not.  Rather, symbolic objects are typically associated (by an informed interpreter) with the particular entities that originated or appropriated them.  To emotional interpreters, such as humans, symbolic objects are often evocative of certain attitudes associated with the entities symbolized--such as nationalism, respect, school spirit, hatred, reverence, etc.  Only some elements of #$SymbolicObject have the #$primaryFunction of serving as symbols (e.g., national flags, war memorials); others are symbolic in a secondary capacity (e.g., a gravestone symbolizes death but its primary function is as a marker).  Some objects are created to serve a symbolic function (primary or secondary), while others acquire symbolic associations in the course of their `lifetimes' (e.g., San Juan Hill, Ellis Island).  Examples of #$SymbolicObject: the #$ArcDeTriomphe, the #$StatueOfLiberty, the #$PyramidOfCheops, the #$UnitedStatesCapitolBuilding (and other capitol buildings); a hangman's noose, a Menorah, a white dove, a black armband.")

;;; #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
(#$isa #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType "A collection of collections.  Instances are types of #$anatomicalParts of bilaterally symmetrical organisms (#$Organism-Whole) which occur in bilaterally symmetric pairs.  This is not intended to include broader categories like #$Tooth, #$Rib-AnimalBodyPart, or #$Finger, but the specific parts of which the organism only has two (EyeTooth, FifthRib, or #$RingFinger).")

;;; #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate #$CommutativeRelation)
(#$comment #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of #$BinaryPredicate whose elements are all symmetric relations.  A predicate F is an element of #$SymmetricBinaryPredicate if and only if F is binary and (P X Y) implies (P Y X).  Examples: #$siblings, #$teammates, #$connectedTo, #$bordersOn.")

;;; #$SymmetryMemberFunction
(#$isa #$SymmetryMemberFunction #$RelationType)
(#$comment #$SymmetryMemberFunction "The class of functions which return one member of a symmetric relation.  This class consists of #$LeftFn and #$RightFn.")

;;; #$SystemOfGovernment
(#$isa #$SystemOfGovernment #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$SystemOfGovernment #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$SystemOfGovernment "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$SystemOfGovernment is an attribute describing a type of government that a country might have.  Used with #$governmentType.  Examples: #$DemocraticGovernment, #$Monarchy, #$SocialistGovernment, #$MilitaryGovernment.")

;;; #$TactileSensor
(#$isa #$TactileSensor #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TactileSensor #$Sensor)
(#$comment #$TactileSensor "A subset of #$Sensor, namely those sensors that operate by coming into physical contact with the object being perceived.  #$TactileSensors are capable of perceiving properties such as texture, hardness, roughness, etc.")

;;; #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal
(#$isa #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal #$TransferringPossession)
(#$genls #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal #$TakingSomething)
(#$comment #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal, an #$Agent takes physical control of a (human or non-human) animal.  This collection includes trapping animals, kidnapping people (or animals), and also what the police do after they arrest a person for a crime.  The animal may or may not be taken alive.")

;;; #$TakingOffAClothingItem
(#$isa #$TakingOffAClothingItem #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$TakingOffAClothingItem #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TakingOffAClothingItem #$RemovingSomething)
(#$genls #$TakingOffAClothingItem #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$TakingOffAClothingItem #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$comment #$TakingOffAClothingItem "A collection of events.  Each element of #$TakingOffAClothingItem is an event in which something being worn is removed, either by the wearer or by someone else (e.g., removing a child's boots or a horse's saddle).  After an element of #$TakingOffAClothingItem occurs, the situation (an element of #$WearingSomething) in which the item was being #$wornOn the body is over.")

;;; #$TakingSomething
(#$isa #$TakingSomething #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$TakingSomething #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TakingSomething #$GainingUserRights)
(#$genls #$TakingSomething #$AnimalActivity)
(#$comment #$TakingSomething "A collection of events; a subset of #$GainingUserRights.  In an instance of #$TakingSomething, an #$Agent takes an object, in the sense of taking it away or using or exercising access to it.  The agent may or may not have any legal right or authorization to use that object.  In an instance of #$TakingSomething, the taker (the #$toPossessor) must intend and actively (attempt to) acquire the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer, so the taking event is intentional and thus, strictly speaking, #$performedBy the taker.")

;;; #$TangibleObjectPredicate
(#$isa #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$TangibleObjectPredicate #$ProcessPredicate)
(#$comment #$TangibleObjectPredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$TangibleObjectPredicate is a predicate used in assertions which describe the properties of tangible objects.  Examples: #$viscosityOfSubstance, #$colorOfObject, #$porosityOfObject, #$physicalBuild.")

;;; #$TangibleProduct
(#$isa #$TangibleProduct #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$isa #$TangibleProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$TangibleProduct #$TangibleThing)
(#$genls #$TangibleProduct #$Product)
(#$genls #$TangibleProduct #$PartiallyTangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$TangibleProduct "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of #$TangibleProduct is a tangible object or tangible material that is exchanged for money or trade.  Tangible products are purely tangible and do not have an intangible component (cf. #$PartiallyTangibleProduct, #$PartiallyTangible).   #$TangibleProduct is the most general class of tangible products--everything from cotton swabs to coconut oil to F-16s belongs to this collection.")

;;; #$TangibleStuffCompositionType
(#$isa #$TangibleStuffCompositionType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TangibleStuffCompositionType #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$comment #$TangibleStuffCompositionType "A collection of collections.  Instances are collections of #$TangibleThing whose membership is based only on the physical and/or chemical composition of the elements, and not on any other property.  Thus #$TangibleStuffCompositionType does not have as elements any collections whose instances are determined by the physical state they are in.  For example, the collection #$Water is an instance of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType: instances of #$Water are all pieces of substance with the chemical composition H20.   On the other hand , the collection of all pieces of ice [i.e., (#$SolidFn #$Water)] is not a #$TangibleStuffCompositionType, because membership in the collection of ice depends not solely on the substance's composition, but also on its physical state.  More sample instances of #$TangibleStuffCompositionType:  the collections #$Nylon, #$GasolineFuel, #$CottageCheese, #$FattyTissue, #$BabyPowder, #$Nitrogen, and #$Glass.")

;;; #$TangibleStuffStateType
(#$isa #$TangibleStuffStateType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TangibleStuffStateType #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$comment #$TangibleStuffStateType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$TangibleStuffStateType is a collection of all pieces of tangible stuff that are associated with only a single physical state (i.e., structural phase).  This includes collections both (1) of substances which exist only in one state (e.g., #$Diamond) and (2) of stuff which by definition has a certain state (e.g., ice, or gels of any composition).  Thus, ice, water vapor, and liquid water--i.e., (#$LiquidFn #$Water)--would be represented by a #$TangibleStuffStateType.  Water itself, however, can exist in all three states; thus, the collection #$Water, which includes all instances of water regardless of state, is NOT a #$TangibleStuffStateType.  Elements of #$TangibleStuffStateType include the collections #$SolidTangibleThing, #$Air, #$Powder, #$Gel, #$Paste, and many others.  Any of the Cyc functions #$SolidFn, #$LiquidFn, or #$GaseousFn can be used to create a collection which #$isa #$TangibleStuffStateType.")

;;; #$TangibleSubstancePredicate
(#$isa #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$TangibleSubstancePredicate #$TangibleObjectPredicate)
(#$comment #$TangibleSubstancePredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$TangibleSubstancePredicate is a predicate that is used to specify or describe the properties (usually physical properties) of tangible substances.  Examples: #$stateOfMatter, #$freezingPoint, #$physicalStructuralIntegrity, #$solubleIn.")

;;; #$TangibleThing
(#$isa #$TangibleThing #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TangibleThing #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$TangibleThing "The collection of things which are made of some sort of matter and whose nature is primarily material--in the sense that they do not have important non-physical properties (such as encoded information).  (Compare #$PartiallyTangible.)  #$TangibleThing includes chemical compounds, natural objects (and their parts), tangible artifacts and man-made materials (but see #$InformationBearingObject).  Collections that are specializations of #$TangibleThing may be elements of #$ExistingObjectType or #$ExistingStuffType (qq.v.), or of neither.  
Note: #$TangibleThing has the genls #$PartiallyTangible in the #$BaseKB, so its elements are NOT generally excluded from having intangible aspects; however, material things which do have important non-physical aspects should be elements of #$PartiallyTangible instead.  Moreover, note that in some contexts, all instances of this collection must be 100% tangible and have no intangible aspects (i.e., it is #$disjointWith #$PartiallyTangible).")

;;; #$Tank-Vehicle
(#$isa #$Tank-Vehicle #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Tank-Vehicle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Tank-Vehicle #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$Tank-Vehicle #$Weapon)
(#$genls #$Tank-Vehicle #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Tank-Vehicle "The collection of all tanks, armored vehicles designed for military purposes, with mounted guns, heavy armor, and often tracked wheels.")

;;; #$TankerShip
(#$isa #$TankerShip #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$TankerShip #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TankerShip #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$TankerShip #$CargoShip)
(#$comment #$TankerShip "The subcollection of CargoShip that contains all tankers, i.e., ships that by design can transport large amount of liquid or gas materials.")

;;; #$TastePerception
(#$isa #$TastePerception #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$TastePerception #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TastePerception #$Perceiving)
(#$comment #$TastePerception "The collection of sensory #$Perceivings in which a #$PerceptualAgent #$tastes some object, by means of the appropriate #$Sensor, and thereby acquires information about it.")

;;; #$TaxonomicSlot
(#$isa #$TaxonomicSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$TaxonomicSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$TaxonomicSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$TaxonomicSlot is a binary predicate used in assertions indicating the position of a Cyc constant in one of Cyc's taxonomies (for #$Collections, #$Events, etc.).  Examples: #$isa, #$genls, #$partitionedInto, #$coExtensional, #$disjointWith, #$hasMembers, #$subBeliefSystem, #$subGoals.")

;;; #$TaxonomicSlotForAnyUnit
(#$isa #$TaxonomicSlotForAnyUnit #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$TaxonomicSlotForAnyUnit #$TaxonomicSlot)
(#$comment #$TaxonomicSlotForAnyUnit "A collection of predicates; a subset of #$TaxonomicSlot.  Each element of #$TaxonomicSlotForAnyUnit is a binary predicate that may be used to define the taxonomy of instances; i.e., the collection of binary predicates applicable to any term.  Examples: #$isa, #$generalizations.")

;;; #$TaxonomicSlotForCollections
(#$isa #$TaxonomicSlotForCollections #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$TaxonomicSlotForCollections #$TaxonomicSlot)
(#$comment #$TaxonomicSlotForCollections "A collection of predicates; a subset of #$TaxonomicSlot. Each element of #$TaxonomicSlotForCollections is a binary predicate used to form assertions that define the taxonomy of #$Collections.  Examples: #$genls, #$partitionedInto, #$coExtensional, #$covering, #$disjointWith.")

;;; #$Teaching
(#$isa #$Teaching #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Teaching #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Teaching #$AnimalActivity)
(#$genls #$Teaching #$Communicating)
(#$genls #$Teaching #$ServiceEvent)
(#$comment #$Teaching "One agent imparting learned knowledge to another.  This may have #$subEvents of the student asking or responding to questions, but the teacher is the primary performer.")

;;; #$TeethCleaning
(#$isa #$TeethCleaning #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$TeethCleaning #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TeethCleaning #$MedicalCareEvent)
(#$genls #$TeethCleaning #$DiagnosingAndRepairingSomething)
(#$genls #$TeethCleaning #$Cleaning)
(#$genls #$TeethCleaning #$SingleDoerAction)
(#$comment #$TeethCleaning "A collection of events.  In each #$TeethCleaning event, an animal's teeth are cleaned.  In order to distinguish, e.g., professional teeth cleaning by a dental technician from daily personal care, different microtheories are used.  Consider just the frequencies of performing this action: in the #$HumanActivitiesMt, where a person brushes their own teeth as a subevent of #$DailyPersonalCleaning, this occurs once or twice per day.  In the #$ProviderOfServicePerspectiveMt, that is from the dental hygienist's point of view, it occurs about ten times per day.  In the #$RecipientOfServicePerspectiveMt, that is from the point of view of someone going to get their teeth cleaned at a dentist's office, it happens a couple times per year.")

;;; #$TemperateClimateCycle
(#$isa #$TemperateClimateCycle #$ClimateCycleType)
(#$genls #$TemperateClimateCycle #$AnnualClimateCycle)
(#$comment #$TemperateClimateCycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of #$TemperateClimateCycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) in terrestrial regions between (roughly) the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere, and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere.  Characteristics of a temperate climate include: four distinguishable seasons, Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter, with variations in temperature and precipitation; overall moderate precipitation.")

;;; #$Temperature
(#$isa #$Temperature #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Temperature #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Temperature #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Temperature "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of #$Temperature is an amount of heat in a particular instance of #$PartiallyTangible.  Elements of #$Temperature may be either a fixed interval, such as 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or a range, such as #$HumanHabitableTemperature.  See #$UnitOfTemperature for the units used by Cyc to measure temperatures.")

;;; #$TemperatureChangingProcess
(#$isa #$TemperatureChangingProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$TemperatureChangingProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TemperatureChangingProcess #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent)
(#$genls #$TemperatureChangingProcess #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent)
(#$comment #$TemperatureChangingProcess "A collection of events.  Each #$TemperatureChangingProcess is an #$Event which has, as one of its significant effects, changing the #$Temperature of some object.  E.g., #$CookingFood is a subset of this collection.  A particular event in which somone uses a soldering iron to connect a resistor to a circuit board would be an element of this collection.  Note that a change in temperature is one of the kinds of intrinsic change which an object can undergo; i.e., #$TemperatureChangingProcess is a subset of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent.")

;;; #$TemporalObjectType
(#$isa #$TemporalObjectType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TemporalObjectType #$ObjectType)
(#$comment #$TemporalObjectType "A collection of collections.  Each element of each element of #$TemporalObjectType is temporally object-like.  Take an element of #$TemporalObjectType -- say COL.  Take an element of that -- say OBJ.  Imagine making a videotape of OBJ.  Now play back just a small piece of that videotape.  It won't be an element of COL.  E.g., COL could be the set of events in which an orange is cut into quarters.  Say a videotape of that has been made of one such event, which lasted thirty seconds.  Now imagine some 5-second excerpt of that videotape.  That, in turn, is not a videotape of someone cutting up an orange into four pieces.  So the collection of all orange-quartering events is itself an element of #$TemporalObjectType; it is NOT an element of #$TemporalStuffType (q.v.).



If a collection COL #$isa #$TemporalObjectType, it is reasonable to state axioms about temporally extrinsic properties of COL's instances -- properties such as duration, distance, cost, etc.  E.g., it makes sense to talk about the #$duration of a particular #$Event in which an orange is quartered.")

;;; #$TemporalPartSlot
(#$isa #$TemporalPartSlot #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$TemporalPartSlot #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$TemporalPartSlot #$NonPhysicalPartPredicate)
(#$comment #$TemporalPartSlot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$TemporalPartSlot is a binary predicate used to relate two things which have temporal extent, asserting either that one thing is a temporal part of the second thing, or that one thing is a temporal composite that includes the second thing.  Examples: #$developmentalStages, #$subEvents, #$firstSubEvents, #$subAbstrac, #$manufacturingSteps, #$beforeActors, #$afterActors.")

;;; #$TemporalRelation
(#$isa #$TemporalRelation #$PredicateCategory)
(#$genls #$TemporalRelation #$ExtensionalRepresentationPredicate)
(#$genls #$TemporalRelation #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$TemporalRelation "#$TemporalRelations specify relative positions of #$TemporalThings in #$Time.  #$PrimitiveTemporalRelations (such as #$after) interrelate time points, and #$ComplexTemporalRelations (such as #$postEvents and #$laterSubAbstractions) interrelate more complicated temporal objects such as a pair of events, a pair of tangible objects, etc.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$TemporalRelation #$SENSUS-Information1997 "TEMPORAL-RELATION")

;;; #$TemporalStuffType
(#$isa #$TemporalStuffType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TemporalStuffType #$StuffType)
(#$comment #$TemporalStuffType "A collection of collections.  Each element of each element of #$TemporalStuffType is temporally substance-like.  Consider, e.g., #$AnimalWalkingProcess, the set of all walking events.  Consider a particular walking event.  Videotape it.  Play back a few seconds of that videotape, showing one of many #$timeSlices of the original walking event.  That shorter video is still clearly going to be a video of a walking event.  So the collection #$AnimalWalkingProcess (the set of all walking events) is an element of #$TemporalStuffType; it is NOT an element of #$TemporalObjectType (q.v.).



Of course, there is a #$granuleOfTime for #$AnimalWalkingProcess, namely, #$TakingAStep, such that any #$timeSlices shorter than that are likely not to be considered real walking events.   This is analogous to granule-size for physical substance types such as peanut butter (the granules there are a peanut piece, a glob of peanut oil, etc.) or wood (the granule there is an individual plant cell).



More esoterically, consider a time slice of a person.   `Albert Einstein while at Princeton' was still a person.  So #$Person (the set of all people) is an element of #$TemporalStuffType.  All tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this fashion.



If a collection COL #$isa #$TemporalStuffType, it is reasonable to state axioms about the temporally intrinsic properties of COL's instances --- properties such as rate of speed, cost per pound, kinds of actors, etc.")

;;; #$TemporalThing
(#$isa #$TemporalThing #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$TemporalThing #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TemporalThing #$Individual)
(#$comment #$TemporalThing "#$TemporalThing is the collection of all things which have a particular temporal extent, things about which one might sensibly ask `When?'.  #$TemporalThing therefore includes many things, such as actions, tangible objects, agreements, and abstract pieces of time. Some things are NOT instances of #$TemporalThing because they are abstract, timeless, etc. -- such as a mathematical set, an attribute, an integer, etc.")

;;; #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType
(#$isa #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$comment #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType "(#$isa ?X #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType) means that any two distinct instances of ?X are #$temporallyDisjoint.  It is true that (#$isa #$Wednesday #$TemporallyDisjointIntervalType because no Wednesday can temporally intersect any other (distinct) Wednesday.  [See also #$MutuallyDisjointIntervalCollection.]")

;;; #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights
(#$isa #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights #$ChangeInUserRights)
(#$genls #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights #$Transaction)
(#$comment #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights "A collection of events; a subset of #$ChangeInUserRights.  In an instance of #$TemporaryChangeOfUserRights, one agent temporarily gives up user rights over some object (see #$UserRightsAttribute), while another agent temporarily gains some user rights over that object.  This occurs in renting, loaning, or sharing of things.")

;;; #$TemporaryWork
(#$isa #$TemporaryWork #$WorkStatus)
(#$comment #$TemporaryWork "An attribute; an element of #$WorkStatus.  The attribute of being a temporary worker for an organization.")

;;; #$TenderObject
(#$isa #$TenderObject #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TenderObject #$LiquidAsset)
(#$genls #$TenderObject #$CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject)
(#$comment #$TenderObject "A collection of  objects.  Each element of #$TenderObject is an item presented  by an agent in instances of #$Paying or #$Spending.  Typical examples include cash, checks, credit cards, travellers's checks.  Unusual but possible tender objects could be gold, goats, or golf balls.")

;;; #$TensileStrength
(#$isa #$TensileStrength #$DerivedNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$TensileStrength #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$TensileStrength #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$TensileStrength "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$TensileStrength describes a specific capacity of a physical object to be deformed.  The higher the deformability, the lower the force required to deform the object.  Different tensile strengths may be represented using a #$GenericValueFunction.  Tensile strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate #$tensileStrengthOfSubstance.")

;;; #$TerminalPhysiologicalCondition
(#$isa #$TerminalPhysiologicalCondition #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$genls #$TerminalPhysiologicalCondition #$LifeThreateningCondition)
(#$comment #$TerminalPhysiologicalCondition "A collection of ailments which are distinguished by the shared characteristic that if left untreated, those ailments will certainly cause a patient to die -- and may eventually do so despite treatment.  Subsets of this collection include: #$Diabetes, #$Cancer, #$Botulism, and #$Rabies.
Note that this does not mean: `are 100% likely to lead to death if untreated'.  It does not mean `the organism will not seek treatment elsewhere,.  Also note that this is somewhat context dependent.")

;;; #$TernaryPredicate
(#$isa #$TernaryPredicate #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$TernaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TernaryPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$TernaryPredicate "#$TernaryPredicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take three arguments.")

;;; #$TerrainAttribute
(#$isa #$TerrainAttribute #$AttributeType)
(#$genls #$TerrainAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$TerrainAttribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of #$TerrainAttribute is an attribute used for describing the terrain in a geographic region.  Examples: #$Rocky, #$Sandy, #$RuggedTerrain, #$Desertlike, #$SnowCovered, #$Mountainous.")

;;; #$TerrestrialDirection
(#$isa #$TerrestrialDirection #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$TerrestrialDirection #$UnitVectorInterval)
(#$comment #$TerrestrialDirection "The collection of directions used to describe the orientation of objects on or near the surface of the Earth.  Includes terrestrial directions related to compass points (e.g., #$East-Directly) and to the gravitational vector (e.g., #$Down-Directly, #$VerticalDirection).  Note that assertions in different terrestrial contexts can be inconsistent in a neutral context: East in China points in a different direction than East in New York!")

;;; #$TerrestrialFrameOfReference
(#$isa #$TerrestrialFrameOfReference #$FrameOfReference)
(#$comment #$TerrestrialFrameOfReference "The terrestrial frame of reference is the unique individual #$FrameOfReference that generally regards the surface of the #$PlanetEarth as fixed in the background space.  It permits fixed notions of #$VerticalOrientation and #$HorizontalOrientation.  There are multiple standard coordinate systems based on the #$TerrestrialFrameOfReference, including #$latitude and #$longitude, Earth-Centered Cartesian, and others.  Various local frames of reference and coordinate systems assume the #$TerrestrialFrameOfReference.")

;;; #$TerrestrialOrganism
(#$isa #$TerrestrialOrganism #$OrganismTypeByHabitat)
(#$genls #$TerrestrialOrganism #$Organism-Whole)
(#$comment #$TerrestrialOrganism "The collection of organisms adapted to life on land, out of water.  Elements of #$TerrestrialOrganism spend all or most of their time out of the water, in air, either on the land surface or under it.  #$TerrestrialOrganism includes, for example, members of its subsets #$Elephant, #$Ladybug, #$Bird, #$Person, etc.")

;;; #$Territory
(#$isa #$Territory #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Territory #$ControlledLand)
(#$genls #$Territory #$CountrySubsidiary)
(#$comment #$Territory "A collection of geopolitical entities.  Each element of #$Territory is a geopolitical region which is distinct from, but dependent on and controlled by, another geopolitical entity.  Examples: #$PuertoRico, #$BritishAntarcticTerritory, #$GalapagosIslands, #$RyukyuIslands.")

;;; #$TextGroup
(#$isa #$TextGroup #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$TextGroup #$CharacterString)
(#$comment #$TextGroup "A collection of #$CharacterStrings. Each element of #$TextGroup is a #$CharacterString which forms a 'natural' or meaningful group, above the  level of a word. Thus, 'er#q2' would be a character string, but not a text group, whereas the sentence you are now reading is a text group, as is a paragraph, etc. Note that a TextGroup is the abstract sequence of symbols, not the tangible encoding of them.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$TextGroup #$SENSUS-Information1997 "TEXT-GROUP")

;;; #$TextMicrotheory
(#$isa #$TextMicrotheory #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$TextMicrotheory #$MicrotheoryType)
(#$genls #$TextMicrotheory #$PropositionalInformationThing)
(#$comment #$TextMicrotheory "The collection of Microtheories each of which contains assertions that convey the information content of a particular text.  The propositional content of a text is a #$PropositionalInformationThing, and it forms a #$TextMicrotheory.")

;;; #$TextileProduct
(#$isa #$TextileProduct #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$TextileProduct #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$TextileProduct #$Artifact)
(#$genls #$TextileProduct #$SolidTangibleProduct)
(#$comment #$TextileProduct "A collection of tangible products.  Each element of #$TextileProduct is a product made by spinning, weaving, knitting, wrapping, pressing, or other processes used to form fibers into usable materials such as cloth or line.   Examples include elements of the subsets #$Yarn, #$Rope, and #$CottonCloth.")

;;; #$TextualMaterial
(#$isa #$TextualMaterial #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TextualMaterial #$InformationBearingThing)
(#$comment #$TextualMaterial "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of #$TextualMaterial is an IBT whose informational content is encoded in some instance of #$CommunicationConvention which is a linear symbolic language; e.g., a newspaper printed in English written with the Roman alphabet; a book printed in English using Braille; or a poster written in Chinese using characters.  Textual material always includes some physical representation of one or more elements of #$CharacterString (which are abstract).  Textual materials may be tangible objects, such as newspapers, but also may include intangibles such as patterns of light projecting words onto a wall.  The subsets of #$TextualMaterial are multifarious, including, e.g., #$GroceryList, #$W2-form, #$RestaurantMenu, #$GrantProposal, #$WillAndTestament, #$BusinessCard, #$MusicalText, #$BalanceSheet-Document.")

;;; #$TheCovering
(#$isa #$TheCovering #$VariableArityRelation)
(#$isa #$TheCovering #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$TheCovering #$Set-Mathematical)
(#$argsIsa #$TheCovering #$SetOrCollection)
(#$comment #$TheCovering "This is a special variable-arity #$ReifiableFunction that allows one to specify a set of collections or mathematical sets which cover a given set or collection, in order to conveniently state assertions about covering (see #$covering).  For example, the fact that the collection #$CreationOrDestructionEvent is covered by the collections #$CreationEvent and #$DestructionEvent can be expressed as (#$covering #$CreationOrDestructionEvent (#$TheCovering #$CreationEvent #$DestructionEvent)).")

;;; #$TheEmptySet
(#$isa #$TheEmptySet #$Set-Mathematical)
(#$comment #$TheEmptySet "#$TheEmptySet is the empty set, i.e., the set that has no element and is sometimes called the null.  Note that #$TheEmptySet is not an instance of #$Collection.")

;;; #$ThePartition
(#$isa #$ThePartition #$VariableArityRelation)
(#$isa #$ThePartition #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$ThePartition #$Set-Mathematical)
(#$resultIsa #$ThePartition #$DisjointSetOrCollection)
(#$argsIsa #$ThePartition #$SetOrCollection)
(#$comment #$ThePartition "This is a special variable-arity #$ReifiableFunction that allows one to specify a set of collections or mathematical sets which partition a given set or collection, in order to conveniently state assertions about partitioning (see #$partitionedInto).  For example, the fact that the collection #$Whale is partitioned into the collections #$BaleenWhale and #$ToothedWhale can be expressed as (#$partitionedInto #$Whale (#$ThePartition #$BaleenWhale #$ToothedWhale)).")

;;; #$TheSet
(#$isa #$TheSet #$CommutativeRelation)
(#$isa #$TheSet #$VariableArityRelation)
(#$isa #$TheSet #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$TheSet #$Set-Mathematical)
(#$argsIsa #$TheSet #$Thing)
(#$comment #$TheSet "(#$TheSet E1 E2 ... En) denotes the #$Set-Mathematical consisting of the elements E1 through En.  #$TheSet is a variable arity relation, taking one or more arguments.  All the arguments must be ground terms; variables are not allowed.")

;;; #$TheStartOfTheCommonEra
(#$isa #$TheStartOfTheCommonEra #$TimePoint)
(#$comment #$TheStartOfTheCommonEra "This is the instant of time between the years BC and AD.")

;;; #$TheTerm
(#$isa #$TheTerm #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TheTerm #$Thing)
(#$comment #$TheTerm "A special kind of term that allows back-reference to any individual thing that satisfies the constraints on the #$TheTerm.  E.g., 'Suppose a cat walks into a fish store.  The cat is likely to get into a lot of trouble.'  'The cat' in the second sentence refers back to 'a cat' in the first; i.e., any cat that walks into a fish store.  In Cyc, the constraints for a #$TheTerm in a given context are given by use of the predicate #$theTermConstraints on the unit representing that context.  In lifting assertions out of that context, the constraints are added as antecedents.")

;;; #$ThermalConductivity
(#$isa #$ThermalConductivity #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$genls #$ThermalConductivity #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$ThermalConductivity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$ThermalConductivity "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$ThermalConductivity represents a specific ability of some physical object to conduct heat; e.g., #$ConductsHeatPoorly, #$ConductsSomeHeat, #$ConductsHeatWell.  An individual object's #$ThermalConductivity is indicated with the predicate #$thermalConductivityOfObject.")

;;; #$Thing
(#$isa #$Thing #$Collection)
(#$comment #$Thing "#$Thing is the universal set:  the collection of everything!  Every Cyc constant in the Knowledge Base is a member of this collection; in the prefix notation of the language CycL, we express that fact as (#$isa CONST #$Thing).  Thus, too, every collection in the Knowledge Base is a subset of the collection #$Thing; in CycL, we express that fact as (#$genls COL #$Thing).  See #$isa and #$genls for further explanation of those relationships.  



Note:  There are even a few collections, such as #$CharacterString and #$Integer, which have a #$defnSufficient that recognizes non-constants (such as strings and numbers) as instances of #$Thing.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Thing #$SENSUS-Information1997 "OB-THING")

;;; #$Thinking
(#$isa #$Thinking #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$Thinking #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Thinking #$MentalEvent)
(#$comment #$Thinking "A collection of events; a subset of #$MentalEvent.  Each element of #$Thinking is a mental process in the most general sense, involving the acquisition, modification, and/or synthesis of ideas.  Theorizing, remembering, inventing something, free associating, and dreaming are all examples of #$Thinking.")
(#$overlappingExternalConcept #$Thinking #$SENSUS-Information1997 "COGNITION")

;;; #$ThreeDimensionalShape
(#$isa #$ThreeDimensionalShape #$ShapeType)
(#$genls #$ThreeDimensionalShape #$GeometricThing)
(#$comment #$ThreeDimensionalShape "A collection of shapes 
that exist in 3 (but not less than 3) dimensions. Some
elements of this are basic geometrical shapes, e.g.,
instances of #$SphereShape and #$ConeShape, but can also
include irregular shapes, such as the region from the
surface of Russia extending 2 miles up.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$ThreeDimensionalShape #$SENSUS-Information1997 "THREE-D-LOCATION")

;;; #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType
(#$isa #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType #$ShapeType)
(#$comment #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType is a collection of things which are subsets of #$ThreeDimensionalShape.  Examples: #$CylinderShape, #$Rectangular3DShape, #$HumanlikeBodyShape.")

;;; #$ThreeStoryBuilding
(#$isa #$ThreeStoryBuilding #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$ThreeStoryBuilding #$Building)
(#$comment #$ThreeStoryBuilding "Collection of all three story buildings.")

;;; #$Time-Quantity
(#$isa #$Time-Quantity #$Collection)
(#$isa #$Time-Quantity #$FundamentalNumericAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Time-Quantity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$genls #$Time-Quantity #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$Time-Quantity "#$Time-Quantity is a physical 
quantity possessed by #$TemporalThings.  An #$Event transpires 
over a certain amount of #$Time-Quantity, a #$SomethingExisting 
exists for a lifetime which is a certain amount of #$Time-Quantity,
 and of course an abstract #$TimeInterval has a duration which 
is a certain amount of #$Time-Quantity.   The standard unit of 
#$Time-Quantity in Cyc is #$SecondsDuration (qv) but there can 
be and are many other ways to specify an amount of time; e.g., 
with other #$UnitOfMeasure instances such as #$WeeksDuration 
and #$YearsDuration, and with reified quantities of (instances 
of) #$Time-Quantity such as #$LongTime, #$Immediately, 
#$AFewDecadesDuration, etc.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Time-Quantity #$SENSUS-Information1997 "AGE")

;;; #$TimeInterval
(#$isa #$TimeInterval #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$TimeInterval #$IntangibleIndividual)
(#$genls #$TimeInterval #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$TimeInterval "#$TimeInterval is a subset of #$TemporalThing.  Each #$TimeInterval can be characterized fully just by specifying its temporal attributes.  Anything which has a temporal extent is an instance of #$TemporalThing, but if that is essentially ALL that it has, then it is also a #$TimeInterval.  For example, `the year 1967' is a just a #$TimeInterval: although many interesting things happened during that year, the year itself is completely defined by its temporal extent.  `Neil Armstrong Walking on the Moon' is an #$Event, not a #$TimeInterval, since it would be defined by many non-temporal assertions. And of course, `Neil Armstrong' is a #$SomethingExisting, not a #$TimeInterval, but like all instances of #$SomethingExisting, he does have temporal extent and is therefore a #$TemporalThing.  One could, in principle, separately reify (name) the #$TimeInterval which is the period of existence of any #$SomethingExisting, or the period of time during which any #$Event occurred, but in practice that is rarely useful.  Since they all have an implicit #$TimeInterval associated with them, any predicates which one might apply to time intervals can also be applied to a football game, a football, etc.  E.g., we can talk about the #$startingPoint of a football game, or for that matter the #$startingPoint of the football itself (the moment of its creation).")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$TimeInterval #$SENSUS-Information1997 "TEMPORAL")

;;; #$TimeIntervalFromFn
(#$isa #$TimeIntervalFromFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$isa #$TimeIntervalFromFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$TimeIntervalFromFn #$TimeInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$TimeIntervalFromFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$arg2Isa #$TimeIntervalFromFn #$TemporalThing)
(#$comment #$TimeIntervalFromFn "(#$TimeIntervalFromFn ?X ?Y) returns the time interval between ?X and ?Y.  The #$startingPoint of that interval is the #$endingPoint of ?X, and the #$endingPoint of that interval is the #$startingPoint of ?Y.  It must be true that ?Y starts after ?X ends; i.e., (#$startsAfterEndingOf ?Y ?X).")

;;; #$TimeOfDay
(#$isa #$TimeOfDay #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TimeOfDay #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$TimeOfDay "The collection of all temporal intervals marking times of the day.  This includes the twenty-four clock hours, and also longer and shorter pieces of time.")

;;; #$TimeOfDay-AM
(#$isa #$TimeOfDay-AM #$TimeOfDayType)
(#$genls #$TimeOfDay-AM #$TimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$TimeOfDay-AM "The collection of half-days from Midnight to Noon.  See #$CalendarDay.")

;;; #$TimeOfDay-PM
(#$isa #$TimeOfDay-PM #$TimeOfDayType)
(#$genls #$TimeOfDay-PM #$TimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$TimeOfDay-PM "The collection of half-days from Noon to Midnight.  See #$CalendarDay.")

;;; #$TimeOfDayType
(#$isa #$TimeOfDayType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TimeOfDayType #$ConventionalClassificationType)
(#$genls #$TimeOfDayType #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$comment #$TimeOfDayType "A collection of collections, whose elements are some class of time of day, such as #$TimeOfDay-PM, #$TimeOfDay-9AM, #$TimeOfDay-MidnightHour, and so on.")

;;; #$TimePoint
(#$isa #$TimePoint #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TimePoint #$TimeInterval)
(#$comment #$TimePoint "A #$TimePoint is a piece of time which has an infinitely small duration.  In Cyc's basic representation of time, all time is like an infinite straight line, and any #$TimePoint is like a point on that line.  Many temporal attributes of a #$TemporalThing may be described in terms of time points; e.g., its #$startingPoint.  A #$TimePoint can also be contextual, such as #$Now.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$TimePoint #$SENSUS-Information1997 "TIME-POINT")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$TimePoint #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ZERO-D-TIME")

;;; #$TimesFn
(#$isa #$TimesFn #$FunctionFromQuantitiesToQuantities)
(#$isa #$TimesFn #$CommutativeRelation)
(#$isa #$TimesFn #$VariableArityRelation)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$TimesFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$TimesFn "#$TimesFn is the multiplication operator, a mathematical function.  #$TimesFn takes a variable number of quantities as arguments, and it yields a new quantity which is the result of multiplying the arguments together.  (#$TimesFn 2 3 4) returns 24.  See also #$VariableArityRelation.")

;;; #$TimesPerDay
(#$isa #$TimesPerDay #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$TimesPerDay #$UnitOfFrequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerDay #$Frequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerDay #$Rate)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerDay #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$TimesPerDay #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$TimesPerDay "Times per day -- unit of frequency")

;;; #$TimesPerMinute
(#$isa #$TimesPerMinute #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$TimesPerMinute #$UnitOfFrequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerMinute #$Frequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerMinute #$Rate)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerMinute #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$TimesPerMinute #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$TimesPerMinute "Times per minute -- unit of frequency")

;;; #$TimesPerSecond
(#$isa #$TimesPerSecond #$UnitOfFrequency)
(#$isa #$TimesPerSecond #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerSecond #$Frequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerSecond #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerSecond #$Rate)
(#$argsIsa #$TimesPerSecond #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$TimesPerSecond "A Cyc function, #$TimesPerSecond represents a #$UnitOfFrequency.  (#$TimesPerSecond NUMBER) denotes the frequency NUMBER times per second.  Note that this is more general than a representation of cycles per second, for which the appropriate #$UnitOfFrequency is #$Hertz.")

;;; #$TimesPerWeek
(#$isa #$TimesPerWeek #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$TimesPerWeek #$UnitOfFrequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerWeek #$Frequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerWeek #$Rate)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerWeek #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$TimesPerWeek #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$TimesPerWeek "Times per week -- unit of frequency")

;;; #$TimesPerYear
(#$isa #$TimesPerYear #$UnitOfFrequency)
(#$isa #$TimesPerYear #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerYear #$Frequency)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerYear #$Rate)
(#$resultIsa #$TimesPerYear #$ScalarInterval)
(#$argsIsa #$TimesPerYear #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$TimesPerYear "A Cyc function, #$TimesPerYear is a #$UnitOfFrequency.  (#$TimesPerYear NUMBER) denotes a frequency NUMBER times per year.")

;;; #$Title
(#$isa #$Title #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$Title #$LinguisticObject)
(#$comment #$Title "The collection of all titles: proper nouns (noun phrases) that relate to a person's status and/or function/role in an organization.  E.g., #$SeniorVicePresident-Title, #$MemberOfTechnicalStaff-Title, #$Reverend-Title, #$Father-Title, #$Miss, etc.  Note that this concept is not (closely) related to the title of a book or work of art, nor to the nicknames for a place, etc.")

;;; #$Tool
(#$isa #$Tool #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Tool #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$genls #$Tool #$PhysicalDevice)
(#$comment #$Tool "A collection of devices; a subset of 
#$PhysicalDevice.  An instance of 
#$Tool is a device which is used by people to 
manipulate and/or alter other objects or the immediate
environment in some way (hence, it does not include
#$PomPoms). #$Tools are also typically guided by
their user during use (see #$Device-UserGuided)
and can be used more than once (and is thus 
disjoint with the collection #$Device-OneTimeUse).
#$Tool includes 
devices used in many different activities.  
A sampling of subsets shows some of that variety: 
#$WoodworkingTool, #$CarpentryTool, #$PlumbingTool, 
#$MedicalTool, #$CleaningImplement, #$WritingImplement.")

;;; #$TopSide
(#$isa #$TopSide #$RegionType)
(#$genls #$TopSide #$Side)
(#$comment #$TopSide "The collection of all the entire top sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces up.")

;;; #$TopographicalFeature
(#$isa #$TopographicalFeature #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TopographicalFeature #$OutdoorLocation)
(#$genls #$TopographicalFeature #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject)
(#$comment #$TopographicalFeature "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of #$TopographicalFeature is a three dimensional feature of a planet's surface, typically with boundaries defined by formations of rock, dirt, water, etc., or by significant changes in elevation.  Some important subsets include the collections #$Mountain, #$MountainRange, #$Peninsula, #$Harbor, #$Shoreline, #$Arroyo.  Collections of regions defined by the presence of human artifacts (e.g., #$CitySkyline) or ecological characteristics (e.g., #$Forest-Wild) do NOT belong among the subsets of #$TopographicalFeature.  Examples of #$TopographicalFeature: #$KyushuIsland-Japan, #$SaintThomas-Island, #$LakeErie, #$VictoriaFalls, #$MalayPeninsula.")

;;; #$Torso
(#$isa #$Torso #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType)
(#$isa #$Torso #$AnimalBodyPartType)
(#$genls #$Torso #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$genls #$Torso #$AnimalBodyPart)
(#$comment #$Torso "The collection of all animal torsos.  A torso is the main portion of the animal's body, generally located centrally,
and one can conceive of an animal as a torso to which are connected the head and various appendages which together make up the entire animal.")

;;; #$TotallyOrderedSet
(#$isa #$TotallyOrderedSet #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$TotallyOrderedSet #$PartiallyOrderedSet)
(#$comment #$TotallyOrderedSet "The collection of all totally ordered sets (also called linearly ordered sets, strict linear orders, or directed chains), each being a #$SetWithStructure consisting of a set together with an ordering relation on that set.   Mathematical lists, directed chains, finite sequences, infinite series, and number lines are special cases of #$TotallyOrderedSet.  The ordering relation is defined on the associated set, and is transitive on that set, irreflexive on that set, and asymmetric on that set.   Sometimes the members of the #$TotallyOrderedSet are called its nodes, and, for the discrete case, the pairwise relations between the adjacent nodes are called the links.  A #$TotallyOrderedSet may be finite or infinite, and if infinite, it may or may not have a starting end.  (Note: A #$TotallyOrderedSet is not a #$SetOrCollection, rather it is a #$SetWithStructure that has an associated #$SetOrCollection.)")

;;; #$TouchPerception
(#$isa #$TouchPerception #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$TouchPerception #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TouchPerception #$Perceiving)
(#$genls #$TouchPerception #$PhysicalContactSituation)
(#$comment #$TouchPerception "The collection of sensory-perceptual events (#$Perceivings) in which a #$PerceptualAgent perceives (acquires information) by touch.")

;;; #$Train-TransportationDevice
(#$isa #$Train-TransportationDevice #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Train-TransportationDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Train-TransportationDevice #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle)
(#$genls #$Train-TransportationDevice #$ContainerProduct)
(#$genls #$Train-TransportationDevice #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$Train-TransportationDevice "The collection of all trains, the transportation devices that run on #$Railways and consist of multiple #$TrainCars coupled together.")

;;; #$TrainCar
(#$isa #$TrainCar #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$TrainCar #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TrainCar #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$TrainCar #$ContainerProduct)
(#$comment #$TrainCar "The collection of train cars (or train carriages), non-motored wheeled vehicles that run on #$Railways.  When they are to be moved they are coupled together to form trains pulled by train engines.  There are freight TrainCars, and passenger TrainCars for transporting people.")

;;; #$TrainEngine
(#$isa #$TrainEngine #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$isa #$TrainEngine #$ProductType)
(#$genls #$TrainEngine #$PoweredDevice)
(#$genls #$TrainEngine #$MechanicalDevice)
(#$genls #$TrainEngine #$LandTransportationDevice)
(#$comment #$TrainEngine "The collection of all train engines, each being a fuel-powered, non-steerable, wheeled vehicle that runs on #$Railway tracks, and has enough power to pull or push a group of #$TrainCars with it.")

;;; #$Transaction
(#$isa #$Transaction #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$Transaction #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$Transaction #$PurposefulAction)
(#$genls #$Transaction #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$comment #$Transaction "Transaction is the collection of events performed by #$Agents cooperating (willingly) under some #$Agreement, each performing actions in exchange for the actions of the other. 
Note:  Attack/counterattack in warfare is not a #$Transaction.  Neither is fortuitous cooperation without agreement, such as a set of investors who, unknown to each other, all buy the same stock almost at once, and end up driving its price up.  On the other hand, if you see agents acting to mutual benefit, it's not a bad strategy to guess that there is some agreement between them.
Note: The word 'transaction' often means an exchange of user rights (to goods and/or money) between agents; see #$ExchangeOfUserRights for that concept.  #$Transaction is a more general concept, and is a superset of #$ExchangeOfUserRights.")

;;; #$TransferIn
(#$isa #$TransferIn #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransferIn #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$TransferIn "A collection of events.  #$TransferIn includes all #$GeneralizedTransfers for which there is a well-defined #$to-Generic, but not necessarily a #$from-Generic.  This includes, among other things, #$CollectionEvent, #$GainingUserRights, and #$AccessingAnIBT.  At the end of a #$TransferIn, #$transferredThing is 'loccated' at the #$to-Generic.  Some negative examples of #$TransferOut are #$AbandoningSomething (when there is no prospective owner) and #$IBTGeneration (when the information may go to various unspecified locations.")

;;; #$TransferOut
(#$isa #$TransferOut #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransferOut #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$TransferOut "A collection of events.  #$TransferOut includes all #$GeneralizedTransfers for which there is a well-defined #$from-Generic, but not necessarily a #$to-Generic.  This includes, among other things, #$Emission, #$LosingUserRights, and #$DistributionEvent.  At the start of a #$TransferOut, #$transferredThing is 'loccated' at the #$from-Generic.  Some negative examples of #$TransferOut are #$AppropriatingSomething (when there is no previous owner) and #$Hearing (when the sounds may come from various unspecified locations.")

;;; #$TransferringOwnership
(#$isa #$TransferringOwnership #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$TransferringOwnership #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TransferringOwnership #$TransferringPossession)
(#$comment #$TransferringOwnership "A collection of events; a subset of #$TransferringPossession.  In an instance of #$TransferringOwnership, a transfer of ownership occurs.  This means that in such an event there is a transfer from one #$Agent to another of #$FullUseRights and #$ExclusiveUserRights (over the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer).  Often there is some `consideration' for this transfer, of course --- see #$ExchangeOfUserRights.")

;;; #$TransferringPossession
(#$isa #$TransferringPossession #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$TransferringPossession #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransferringPossession #$SocialOccurrence)
(#$genls #$TransferringPossession #$GainingUserRights)
(#$genls #$TransferringPossession #$LosingUserRights)
(#$comment #$TransferringPossession "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$TransferringPossession, the possession of a single object (i.e., the #$objectOfPossessionTransfer) is transferred from one #$Agent to another.  Thus, a #$TransferringPossession event alters the rights of TWO different agents to use the object in question; one agent loses some #$UserRightsAttribute over it, while the other agent gains some #$UserRightsAttribute over it.  Each #$TransferringPossession event is both a #$LosingUserRights event and a #$GainingUserRights event.
Note:  In #$Buying events, #$Bartering events, #$Renting events, TWO such #$TransferringPossessions occur, because there are TWO objects which transfer possession.  For example, in buying a car, the right to use the buyer's money is transferred to the auto seller, while the ownership of the car is transferred to the buyer.  Both of the #$TransferringPossession events (one for each object) are #$subEvents of the instance of #$Buying, #$Renting, etc.  See #$ExchangeOfUserRights.")

;;; #$TransformationEvent
(#$isa #$TransformationEvent #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$TransformationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransformationEvent #$DestructionEvent)
(#$genls #$TransformationEvent #$CreationEvent)
(#$genls #$TransformationEvent #$PhysicalEvent)
(#$comment #$TransformationEvent "A collection of events.  In each element of #$TransformationEvent, at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing comes into existence.  Usually at least some portion of the thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s) that are created.

Note:  this collection is a superset of, but NOT coextensional with, #$TransformationProcess (q.v.).")

;;; #$TransformationProcess
(#$isa #$TransformationProcess #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$isa #$TransformationProcess #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TransformationProcess #$TransformationEvent)
(#$comment #$TransformationProcess "The collection of #$TransformationEvents that also are elements of #$TemporalStuffType.  That is, each of their temporal parts is also a #$TransformationEvent, in which something is destroyed and something created.  
Note:  It is often the case that a #$TransformationEvent is NOT a #$TransformationProcess --- e.g., there may be several preparation stages, and then at the end everything is brought together and the foaming starts, or the butterfly emerges, or whatever transformation occurs.  So #$TransformationProcess is a small subset of #$TransformationEvent (qv).")

;;; #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate
(#$isa #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate #$BinaryPredicate)
(#$comment #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of #$BinaryPredicate whose elements are all transitive.  A predicate F is an element of #$TransitiveBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and (F X Y) and (F Y Z) together imply (F X Z).  Examples: #$greaterThan, #$eastOf, #$geographicalSubRegions, #$cotemporal.")

;;; #$Translation-Complete
(#$isa #$Translation-Complete #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-Complete #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$Translation-Complete "A collection of translational motion events; hence a subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  In any element of #$Translation-Complete, the whole #$objectMoving moves in its entirety from the origin (#$fromLocation) to the destination (#$toLocation).  That is, the object completely leaves the origin and relocates at the destination.  The #$objectMoving may be either a #$NonFluidlike object or a #$FluidTangibleThing all of which moves from one place to another; e.g., a baseball or the gasoline used to fill a gas tank.  Another example: a single molecule of water flowing from point A to B in a river.  Negative example: a river flowing from A to B  (the river itself is not relocated); a rubber band stretching.  A borderline case:  a spider spins a web, leaving part of itself, in effect, extended out behind it.  In most contexts that would still be considered a #$Translation-Complete event.
Note:  #$Translation-Complete is noncommittal as to whether net movement has occurred, so round-trip events qualify as complete translations.  (For contrast, see #$Translation-LocationChange).")

;;; #$Translation-Flow
(#$isa #$Translation-Flow #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Translation-Flow #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Translation-Flow #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$Translation-Flow "A collection of translational motion events; hence a subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent. In any element of #$Translation-Flow, the #$objectMoving is a #$FluidTangibleThing (i.e., a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk) rather than a discrete solid object.  At least some of the #$objectMoving leaves the #$fromLocation and some arrives at the #$toLocation; but it is not necessary that all of the #$objectMoving go from the origin (#$fromLocation) to the destination (#$toLocation).  Such fluid flows include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling your lungs when you take a breath.
Note: also intended to be included here are flows of ``fluids'' such as sand, drifting snow, etc., which are composed of multiple solid particles.  So a borderline case would be using a bulldozer to spread out a pile of rocks and gravel over a parking lock; depending on one's context (sensors, purposes, etc.) that might or might not be considered a #$Translation-Flow event.")

;;; #$Translation-LocationChange
(#$isa #$Translation-LocationChange #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-LocationChange #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$Translation-LocationChange "A collection of translational motion events; a subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  In each element of #$Translation-LocationChange, the #$objectMoving ends up in a different place than it started; i.e., the #$fromLocation cannot be the same as the #$toLocation.  Thus, a round trip travel event (#$Translation-RoundTrip) is NOT an instance of this collection.  See also #$Translation-NoLocationChange.")

;;; #$Translation-MultiPath
(#$isa #$Translation-MultiPath #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-MultiPath #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$Translation-MultiPath "A collection of translational motion events; a subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  In any element of #$Translation-MultiPath, motion may occur simultaneously along two or more instances of #$Path-Generic (which are not related by subpath/superpath relationships.)  Therefore, there must be at least two #$objectMovings in such an event.  There may be more than one #$fromLocation and/or more than one #$toLocation.  Elements of #$Translation-MultiPath include scattering, distributing, and collecting things.  E.g., all of the following exhibit multi-pathway translation movements: a rainshower or snowfall; an exploding firework; water being ejected from a sprinkling system; the surrounding objects being sucked up by a tornado; participants running a 100K footrace; pool balls during the opening break.  For non-examples of this, see #$Translation-SinglePath.")

;;; #$Translation-NoLocationChange
(#$isa #$Translation-NoLocationChange #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-NoLocationChange #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$Translation-NoLocationChange "A collection of translational motion events; hence a subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  In any instance of #$Translation-NoLocationChange, the #$objectMoving undergoes translational motion but ends up where it started --- i.e., there is no NET movement; i.e., its #$fromLocation and #$toLocation are the same.  Between the beginning and the end of a #$Translation-NoLocationChange, the #$objectMoving may visit the #$toLocation and the #$fromLocation any number of times.   E.g., consider the motion of a person who is born in, and 80 years later dies in, the very same hospital, and has been there a few times in between for operations, visiting patients, etc.  A less dramatic example is the motion of your car on a particular day, as it gets moved around, crosses its own path a few times, etc., but ends the day in the same place it started.   Elements of #$Translation-NoLocationChange may be periodic or nonperiodic movements.  An important subset of #$Translation-NoLocationChange is #$Translation-RoundTrip.")

;;; #$Translation-NonPeriodic
(#$isa #$Translation-NonPeriodic #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-NonPeriodic #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$genls #$Translation-NonPeriodic #$Movement-NonPeriodic)
(#$comment #$Translation-NonPeriodic "The collection of all non-periodic translational movement
events, i.e., the intersection of #$Movement-NonPeriodic and
#$Movement-TranslationEvent.  In each instance of
#$Translation-NonPeriodic, the #$objectMoving is in translational
motion and does not move back the same position on the regular
temporal basis (it can visit the same location multiple times, just not regularly).")

;;; #$Translation-Periodic
(#$isa #$Translation-Periodic #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-Periodic #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$genls #$Translation-Periodic #$Movement-Periodic)
(#$comment #$Translation-Periodic "A collection of periodic movement events; hence a subset of #$Movement-Periodic (q.v.)   In any element of #$Translation-Periodic, the periodic motion of the #$objectMoving is translational motion (as opposed, e.g., to rotation).  E.g., a ball bouncing in place translates periodically; so does a planet revolving around a star.  But not: a planet rotating on its axis, a top spinning in place.")

;;; #$Translation-RoundTrip
(#$isa #$Translation-RoundTrip #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-RoundTrip #$Translation-NoLocationChange)
(#$comment #$Translation-RoundTrip "A collection of events, #$Translation-RoundTrip is a subset of #$Translation-NoLocationChange.  Each element of #$Translation-RoundTrip represents one round trip event.  That is, an instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip is a complete translational movement that begins and ends in the same place (thus, the #$fromLocation and #$toLocation are identical).  However, a round trip is usually a discontinuous motion (cf. #$Movement-TranslationProcess).  In the simplest case, it has exactly one #$outboundLegOfRoundTrip and exactly one #$inboundLegOfRoundTrip, and the trip breaks at the #$destination-RoundTrip, which is the place that the traveller visits in between the two legs of the journey.  Thus, in addition to a #$fromLocation and #$toLocation, an instance of #$Translation-RoundTrip also has an #$origin-RoundTrip and #$destination-RoundTrip.  The #$origin-RoundTrip is just the same as the #$fromLocation and #$toLocation. 
For example, in Doug and Mary's trip to Antarctica, the #$origin-RoundTrip was #$CityOfAustinTX, the #$destination-RoundTrip was the #$ContinentOfAntarctica.  Thus, the #$CityOfAustinTX was both the #$fromLocation and the #$toLocation of the WHOLE (round) trip, and it was also the #$toLocation of the homeward leg of their trip (#$inboundLegOfRoundTrip).   The #$ContinentOfAntarctica was the #$toLocation for their #$outboundLegOfRoundTrip and the #$fromLocation of their homeward leg (i.e., their #$inboundLegOfRoundTrip).
Note: to describe a multi-stop `round trip',  instead of using #$Translation-RoundTrip one can represent it as a circuit composed of a series of one-way legs.")

;;; #$Translation-SinglePath
(#$isa #$Translation-SinglePath #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translation-SinglePath #$Movement-TranslationEvent)
(#$comment #$Translation-SinglePath "A subset of #$Movement-TranslationEvent.  Each element of #$Translation-SinglePath is a translational movement which involves exactly one #$pathway-Complete.  One or more items may have the role of #$objectMoving in such an event.  Note that although there is a single #$pathway-Complete, it does not follow that there is a unique #$fromLocation and a unique #$toLocation because that depends on our descriptions of locations.  (A single-pathed movement can be described as from TX to PA, or from Austin to Pittsburgh, or even from Northwest in Austin to Oakland in Pittsburgh.)  However, the single #$pathway-Complete connects #$fromLocation and #$toLocation.  Consider a translational motion performed by a whole group; it is likely to be a #$Translation-SinglePath ---  e.g., a flock of birds flying together, or a snarl of rush-hour traffic on the Beltway.  Negative examples (see #$Translation-MultiPath) would be: a set of billiard balls during the opening break, a group of water droplets that come together into one big drop.")

;;; #$Translocation
(#$isa #$Translocation #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Translocation #$GeneralizedTransfer)
(#$comment #$Translocation "A collection of events; a subset of #$GeneralizedTransfer.  Each element of #$Translocation is a transfer of something across a distance.  Translocations may have a #$toLocation and a #$fromLocation.  #$Translocation is the common generalization of (i.e., a superset of) both #$WavePropagation and #$Movement-TranslationEvent (q.v.). ")

;;; #$Translucent
(#$isa #$Translucent #$Transparency)
(#$comment #$Translucent "#$Translucent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency.  #$Translucent objects can transmit light, but not enough to see clear images.  See also #$transparencyOfObject.")

;;; #$Transparency
(#$isa #$Transparency #$MeasurableAttributeType)
(#$genls #$Transparency #$PhysicalAttribute)
(#$genls #$Transparency #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$Transparency "A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute.  Each element of #$Transparency represents a capacity of some tangible object to transmit light.  Degrees of #$Transparency may be represented qualitatively (e.g., #$Translucent, #$Transparent, #$Murky, #$Opaque), or using #$GenericValueFunctions.  Indicate a particular object's #$Transparency with the predicate #$transparencyOfObject.")

;;; #$Transparent
(#$isa #$Transparent #$Transparency)
(#$comment #$Transparent "#$Transparent is a #$PhysicalAttribute representing a specific degree of #$Transparency.  #$Transparent objects transmit enough light to see clear images.  See also #$transparencyOfObject.")

;;; #$TransportFn
(#$isa #$TransportFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$TransportFn #$ScriptType)
(#$resultGenl #$TransportFn #$TransportingGoods)
(#$arg1Isa #$TransportFn #$StuffType)
(#$arg1Genl #$TransportFn #$PartiallyTangible)
(#$comment #$TransportFn "The function (TransportFn MATERIAL) means an act of transporting materials of type MATERIAL.")

;;; #$TransportViaFn
(#$isa #$TransportViaFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$TransportViaFn #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$resultGenl #$TransportViaFn #$TransportationEvent)
(#$arg1Isa #$TransportViaFn #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$arg1Genl #$TransportViaFn #$SolidTangibleThing)
(#$comment #$TransportViaFn "(#$TransportViaFn OBJ-TYPE) denotes the collection of #$TransportationEvents in each of which an instance of OBJ-TYPE is a #$transporter.  Thus (#$TransportViaFn #$RoadVehicle) is the collection of car driving, truck driving etc.. events.")

;;; #$TransportationCompany
(#$isa #$TransportationCompany #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransportationCompany #$CommercialServiceOrganization)
(#$genls #$TransportationCompany #$Business)
(#$comment #$TransportationCompany "A collection of organizations; a subset of #$ServiceOrganizations.  An element of #$TransportationCompany is an organization that provide transportation (of goods or persons) to customers for a fee.")

;;; #$TransportationDevice
(#$isa #$TransportationDevice #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransportationDevice #$Conveyance)
(#$comment #$TransportationDevice "A collection of transportation devices; a subset of #$Conveyance.  Each element of #$TransportationDevice is an artifact designed to play the role of #$transporter in transportation events.  Such devices enable something to be moved, by (for example) carrying, pulling, or pushing the transported things (#$transportees).  Transportation devices may or may not have their own power source (see #$SelfPoweredDevice).  Those which do, such as automobiles and speedboats, constitute the specialization #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle.  Other transportation devices require an external motive force, e.g., instances of #$Wheelbarrow or #$Bicycle.  (For more examples, see #$MusclePoweredDevice.)  Because #$transporter and #$transportees are specializations of #$objectMoving, it follows that any object in the role of #$transporter moves as a whole with those objects playing the role of #$transportees.  Since any instance of #$TransportationDevice has playing the role of #$transporter as its intendend function, stationary objects which cause motion, such as conveyor belts, escalators, rocket launchers, slingshots, etc. are excluded from the category of #$TransportationDevice.  Also excluded are devices which, although they facilitate travel, are worn rather than 'ridden on', 'ridden with', or 'ridden in'.  Ice skates, shoes, skis and other specializations of #$WearableConveyance fit this exclusionary criterion. 
Note that this is not the collection of all objects that can be used as transporters. For example, in an event of a man riding on a horse, the horse is the transporter but not an instance of #$TransportationDevice since a horse is not an artifact. So the main difference between transporters and transportation devices is that the latter have to be artifacts while the former do not.")

;;; #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle
(#$isa #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle #$TransportationDevice)
(#$genls #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle #$SelfPoweredDevice)
(#$comment #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle "#$TransportationDevice-Vehicle is the subcollection of #$TransportationDevice whose instances are also instances of #$SelfPoweredDevices, i.e., those that move under their own power.  E.g. jet airplanes, automobiles, but not skateboards, gliders, or rowboats.  Note that hand pushed gas powered lawnmowers, even though they are #$SelfPoweredDevices, are not instances of #$TransportationDevice-Vehicle because they are not their own #$providerOfMotiveForce when they move, whereas instances of #$LawnMower-Riding are vehicles.")

;;; #$TransportationEvent
(#$isa #$TransportationEvent #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$TransportationEvent #$Translation-LocationChange)
(#$genls #$TransportationEvent #$Translation-Complete)
(#$genls #$TransportationEvent #$Translation-SinglePath)
(#$genls #$TransportationEvent #$CausingAnotherObjectsTranslationalMotion)
(#$comment #$TransportationEvent "A collection of events.  An instance of #$TransportationEvent is an event in which one object (in the role of #$transporter) aids in the translational movement of another object (having the role of #$transportees), so that both objects move together along the same #$pathway-Complete.  Optionally, one of these objects, or some third object moving along with them, provides the force to make the movement happen (#$providerOfMotiveForce).  Examples of transportation events include automobile transporation, dogs pulling goods on a sled, a wagon with groceries rolling down a hill, a person carrying a suitcase down the street, etc.  In that last case, note that the #$transporter is the suitcase, not the person.  Things which are NOT #$TransportationEvents (as defined above): a river conveying some flotsam, the wind blowing a leaf, a conveyor belt moving a widget to the next person on the assembly line, or a walking beast of burden without #$transportees on it.  In the first 3 of those, the would-be #$transporter doesn't actually change its overall location; in the fourth case, the unburdened beast has no #$transportees.  
Note:  This is a good example, by the way, of how Cyc concepts must be, and are, less ambiguous than words in English or any other natural language.  The cost of this is a larger vocabulary that must be used carefully, but the benefits are the ability to share knowledge in un-preconceived ways with others who subscribe to the same set of terms and intended meanings.")

;;; #$TransportingGoods
(#$isa #$TransportingGoods #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$TransportingGoods #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$TransportingGoods #$HandlingAnObject)
(#$genls #$TransportingGoods #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$TransportingGoods #$TransportationEvent)
(#$comment #$TransportingGoods "Moving some kind of material from one point to another.  Different from just mixing stuff or putting stuff with other stuff.")

;;; #$TransportingPeople
(#$isa #$TransportingPeople #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$isa #$TransportingPeople #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$TransportingPeople #$HumanActivity)
(#$genls #$TransportingPeople #$TransportationEvent)
(#$comment #$TransportingPeople "The subcollection of #$TransportationEvent in each ofwhich instances of #$Person, i.e., human beings are the #$mainTransportees or among the #$mainTransportees.  Surely human beingsare usually not the only #$transportees in these instances of #$TransportationEvents (for example, some of these people'spersonal belongings are also among the #$transportees), andone may even think that in most instances of #$TransportationEvent, humanbeings are involved as #$transportees (for example, even adriver can be considered among the #$transportees).  The maindifference between this collection and the collection#$TransportingGoods is that there are human beings as #$mainTransportees in instances of #$TransportingPeople, while thereare no human beings as #$mainTransportees in instances of#$TransportingGoods.")

;;; #$Trapping
(#$isa #$Trapping #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Trapping #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Trapping #$TakingCustodyOfAnimal)
(#$comment #$Trapping "A collection of events.  In an instance of #$Trapping, an animal is taken into custody by using a device that physically captures the body of the animal.  The animal may or may not be killed in the event.")

;;; #$TreatmentFn
(#$isa #$TreatmentFn #$CollectionDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$TreatmentFn #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$resultIsa #$TreatmentFn #$ScriptType)
(#$resultGenl #$TreatmentFn #$MedicalTreatmentEvent)
(#$arg1Isa #$TreatmentFn #$PhysiologicalConditionType)
(#$arg1Genl #$TreatmentFn #$AilmentCondition)
(#$comment #$TreatmentFn "#$TreatmentFn is a Cyc function, and in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.  (#$TreatmentFn AILMENT) denotes the subset of #$MedicalTreatmentEvent whose elements are treatments of the ailment AILMENT.  For a specific AILMENT, the collection returned as the value of (#$TreatmentFn AILMENT) may be a subset of
some more general collection of medical procedures; e.g., standard processes of (#$TreatmentFn #$Depression-PsychologicalCondition) will also
be elements of #$PsychologicalTherapy.")

;;; #$Tree-ThePlant
(#$isa #$Tree-ThePlant #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Tree-ThePlant #$Plant-Woody)
(#$comment #$Tree-ThePlant "A collection of plants; a subset of #$Plant-Woody.  Each element of #$Tree-ThePlant is a tree, i.e., a tall woody plant that is usually taller than a person or a bush, generally having a branching form overall, and with roots in the ground, a trunk, and the branches having numerous leaves exposed to the sky.  Cf. #$Bush.")

;;; #$TreeOrderedSet
(#$isa #$TreeOrderedSet #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$TreeOrderedSet #$PartiallyOrderedSet)
(#$comment #$TreeOrderedSet "The collection of all sets with abstract rooted tree structures, in which there is a single root-element and all other elements are reachable along branches from the root-element via a 'successor' ordering relation, such that one element may have multiple successors, but no two elements have the same successor.  A #$TreeOrderedSet is a special case of #$PartiallyOrderedSet in which no element has multiple 'parent' nodes.  There are no cycles of relations in a #$TreeOrderedSet: from every element, there is exactly one path to the root-element.  Many, but not all, taxonomic hierarchies are #$TreeOrderedSets.  The end or 'bottom' nodes are sometime called 'leaf nodes'.  A #$TotallyOrderedSet or directed chain is a special case of a #$TreeOrderedSet that happens to have no branchings.  (Note that #$TreeOrderedSet requires a single root node and therefore excludes mathematical 'forests' consisting of multiple, disconnected #$TreeOrderedSets.)")

;;; #$Trial
(#$isa #$Trial #$ScriptType)
(#$isa #$Trial #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Trial #$HostileSocialAction)
(#$comment #$Trial "The collection of legal conflicts that are heard and decided by a court.")

;;; #$Truck
(#$isa #$Truck #$ProductType)
(#$isa #$Truck #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Truck #$RoadVehicle)
(#$comment #$Truck "The collection of all trucks, large #$RoadVehicles for ground transportation.  Trucks are most often used to haul freight, garbage, materials, liquids and other heavy loads.  #$FireTrucks take firemen to fires.  In many parts of the world, people routinely ride in the backs of Trucks.  A Truck has a cab for the driver, separate from the cargo area of the Truck.")

;;; #$True
(#$isa #$True #$TruthValue)
(#$isa #$True #$Individual)
(#$comment #$True "An element of #$TruthValue.  #$True is logical truth in Cyc; this is the abstract logical notion--not to be confused with Lisp's T, nor with the English word `true'.")

;;; #$TruthValue
(#$isa #$TruthValue #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$TruthValue #$MathematicalObject)
(#$comment #$TruthValue "#$TruthValue is a collection of mathematical objects; it contains the abstract, logical objects #$True and #$False.")

;;; #$TubeShape
(#$isa #$TubeShape #$ThreeDimensionalShapeType)
(#$isa #$TubeShape #$AbstractShapeType)
(#$genls #$TubeShape #$ThreeDimensionalShape)
(#$genls #$TubeShape #$AbstractShape)
(#$comment #$TubeShape "The collection of all tube-like shapes: long, thin, hollow cylinders.  Pipes, hoses, smokestacks, etc.")

;;; #$Tumor
(#$isa #$Tumor #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Tumor #$BiologicalLivingObject)
(#$comment #$Tumor "Each element of this collection is an abnormal tissue mass found in an animal.  Instances of #$Tumor include both malignant (cancerous -- see #$Cancer) and benign (non-cancerous) growths which have no normal physiological cause or function within the animal's body.")

;;; #$Tuple
(#$isa #$Tuple #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Tuple #$MathematicalObject)
(#$genls #$Tuple #$Situation)
(#$comment #$Tuple "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of #$Tuple is a complex which contains some number (greater than or equal to 1) of ordered (or otherwise indexed) components (it might be a pair, a triple, etc., or there may be a function from column names into their value domains).  For example, #$BloodPressureReading is a specialized subset of #$Tuple; each element of #$BloodPressureReading is an ordered or column-indexed pair (of numbers), in which the first is the systolic reading, the second the diastolic reading.  Components of tuples need not be restricted to numbers; for example, the entries in a data base (e.g., my address book) also qualify as tuples, whose components are name, address, phone, email address, etc.   A significant subset of #$Tuple is #$NTupleInterval (q.v.), whose elements are tuples consisting of intervals only; e.g., complex numbers, physical vectors.  Technically, if the index set for the #$Tuple is the counting numbers in their usual order, then the implied order alone can be used to pick a member of the tuple, and the tuple is in fact a #$List-Sequence.  In the general case, any index set (distinct column names, for example, in a relational database) may be used to index the members of a tuple, not just their order-postion numbers.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Tuple #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ORDERED-SET")

;;; #$TurningOffPoweredDevice
(#$isa #$TurningOffPoweredDevice #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$TurningOffPoweredDevice #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TurningOffPoweredDevice #$ChangingDeviceState)
(#$comment #$TurningOffPoweredDevice "The collection of actions in which the #$DeviceState of a #$PhysicalDevice changes from #$DeviceOn to #$DeviceOff.")

;;; #$TurningOnPoweredDevice
(#$isa #$TurningOnPoweredDevice #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$isa #$TurningOnPoweredDevice #$DefaultDisjointScriptType)
(#$genls #$TurningOnPoweredDevice #$ChangingDeviceState)
(#$comment #$TurningOnPoweredDevice "The collection of actions in which the #$DeviceState of a #$PhysicalDevice changes from #$DeviceOff to #$DeviceOn.")

;;; #$Twilight
(#$isa #$Twilight #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$Twilight #$QualitativeTimeOfDay)
(#$comment #$Twilight "The union of the two collections of time intervals #$Dawn and #$Dusk.  Each #$Twilight is a situation where the sky is indirectly illuminated by the #$Sun, either just before a #$Sunrise or just after a #$Sunset.")

;;; #$TwoDimensionalShape
(#$isa #$TwoDimensionalShape #$ShapeType)
(#$genls #$TwoDimensionalShape #$GeometricThing)
(#$comment #$TwoDimensionalShape "A collection of geometrical 
things.  Each element of #$TwoDimensionalShape is a 
physical shapes that exist in two (and not less than two) 
dimensions. Some are basic geometrical shapes,
such as instances of #$Oval, but others can be irregular.")

;;; #$TwoDimensionalShapeType
(#$isa #$TwoDimensionalShapeType #$Collection)
(#$genls #$TwoDimensionalShapeType #$ShapeType)
(#$comment #$TwoDimensionalShapeType "A collection of collections.  Each instance of #$TwoDimensionalShapeType is a collection of things which are subsets of #$TwoDimensionalShape.")

;;; #$TwoStoryBuilding
(#$isa #$TwoStoryBuilding #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$TwoStoryBuilding #$Building)
(#$comment #$TwoStoryBuilding "Collection of all two story buildings.")

;;; #$TypePredicate
(#$isa #$TypePredicate #$RelationType)
(#$genls #$TypePredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$TypePredicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of #$TypePredicate is a predicate used in asserting relations between #$Collections, or between #$Individuals and #$Collections, which in turn imply further assertions involving instances of the #$Collections.  Examples: #$primaryActivityType, #$insuredEventTypes, #$anatomicalPartTypeAffected, #$frequencyOfActionType, #$objectTypesCollected.")

;;; #$USCity
(#$isa #$USCity #$SpatiallyDisjointRegionType)
(#$genls #$USCity #$City)
(#$comment #$USCity "A collection of cities.  Each element of #$USCity is a city in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica.  Note that #$City (q.v.) is widely construed to include towns and villages.  Examples of #$USCity: #$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfGainesvilleFL, #$CityOfLongBeachCA, #$CityOfArmonkNewYork, #$CityOfEssexJunctionVermont, #$CityOfCambridgeMA, #$CityOfPaloAltoCA, #$CityOfRedmondWA.")

;;; #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization
(#$isa #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization #$LegalGovernmentOrganization)
(#$comment #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization "A collection of government organizations.  An instance of #$USFederalGovernmentOrganization is an element of #$LegalGovernmentOrganization which is part of the #$UnitedStatesFederalGovernment.  This collection includes the U.S. military, Federal courts, U.S. Congress, U.S. territorial governments, Federal departments and independent agencies, and the city of Washington, D.C.; it does NOT include U.S. states, interstate compacts, and cities (other than Washington, D.C.).")

;;; #$UltraSound
(#$isa #$UltraSound #$WavePropagationType)
(#$genls #$UltraSound #$Sound)
(#$comment #$UltraSound "A collection of events; a subset of #$Sound.  Each element of #$UltraSound is a sound wave having a #$Frequency greater than 20,000 cycles per second, which is above the range of human hearing.")

;;; #$UnalloyedMetal
(#$isa #$UnalloyedMetal #$TangibleStuffCompositionType)
(#$genls #$UnalloyedMetal #$ElementStuff)
(#$genls #$UnalloyedMetal #$Metal)
(#$comment #$UnalloyedMetal "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of #$Metal.  Every instance of #$UnalloyedMetal is a metal which is also an element, i.e., a substance of unmixed chemical type.  Thus, each subset of #$UnalloyedMetal is a subset of both #$Metal and #$ElementStuff.  Examples of #$UnalloyedMetal include the instances of #$Gold, #$Iron, #$Uranium, #$Antimony, #$Titanium, and many more.")

;;; #$UnaryPredicate
(#$isa #$UnaryPredicate #$PredicateCategory)
(#$isa #$UnaryPredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$UnaryPredicate #$Predicate)
(#$comment #$UnaryPredicate "#$UnaryPredicate is the subset of #$Predicate whose elements take only a single argument.  Note, however, that most unary properties are implemented in Cyc as elements of #$Collection or of #$AttributeValue, rather than of #$UnaryPredicate.  So there should not be very many instances of this collection.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$UnaryPredicate #$SENSUS-Information1997 "ONE-PLACE-RELATION")

;;; #$UnaryTypePredicate
(#$isa #$UnaryTypePredicate #$Collection)
(#$genls #$UnaryTypePredicate #$UnaryPredicate)
(#$genls #$UnaryTypePredicate #$InferenceRelatedBookkeepingPredicate)
(#$comment #$UnaryTypePredicate "redundant `typing' predicates created for inference efficiency")

;;; #$Unconscious
(#$isa #$Unconscious #$Alertness)
(#$comment #$Unconscious "#$Unconscious is the #$Alertness attribute of being #$Unconscious.  It is the opposite of #$Awake.  A specialization of this attribute is #$Asleep.")

;;; #$Underground
(#$isa #$Underground #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$Underground "The attribute of a location or region that means that it is below the surface of the ground of a particular place.")

;;; #$UnderlyingGraphFn
(#$isa #$UnderlyingGraphFn #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$arg1Isa #$UnderlyingGraphFn #$Thing)
(#$arg2Isa #$UnderlyingGraphFn #$MultiGraph)
(#$comment #$UnderlyingGraphFn "For each #$PathSystem SYS, (#$UnderlyingGraphFn SYS) denotes the underlying multi-graph of SYS, i.e., the unique #$MultiGraph GRAPH (or the reduction of SYS) such that (#$reductionOfPathSystems SYS GRAPH) holds.")

;;; #$UnemployedPerson
(#$isa #$UnemployedPerson #$PersonByActivityType)
(#$genls #$UnemployedPerson #$Person)
(#$comment #$UnemployedPerson "A collection of persons.  Each instance of #$UnemployedPerson is a worker who is unemployed.  An unemployed worker is someone who either has worked previously and could still do so (if s/he had a job), or someone who is qualified to work (e.g., a recent graduate) but has not yet worked.")

;;; #$UnincorporatedOrganization
(#$isa #$UnincorporatedOrganization #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$UnincorporatedOrganization #$Organization)
(#$comment #$UnincorporatedOrganization "A collection of organizations.  An element of #$UnincorporatedOrganization is an organization that is constituted by one or more people but is not formally incorporated by a government charter.  It may be called an association.  In many legal jurisdictions, the organization itself is not a #$LegalAgent (q.v.); only its participants are.  Typically, an element of #$UnincorporatedOrganization (and thus its participants) are not protected by the limits on liability which are extended to a #$LegalCorporation (q.v.).")

;;; #$UnintendedLossOfUserRights
(#$isa #$UnintendedLossOfUserRights #$TemporalObjectType)
(#$genls #$UnintendedLossOfUserRights #$LosingUserRights)
(#$comment #$UnintendedLossOfUserRights "Nondeliberate loss of some #$UserRightsAttribute; for example, when something is stolen, appropriated, or, in some cases, simply lost.")

;;; #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
(#$isa #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$comment #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType "A collection of collections.  Instances are types of #$OrganismParts that occur uniquely in the organisms (#$Organism-Whole) that have them.  For example, #$Head-AnimalBodyPart.")

;;; #$UnitOfAcceleration
(#$isa #$UnitOfAcceleration #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfAcceleration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfAcceleration "The collection of functions which return elements of Acceleration.  For example, the value of the function #$MetersPerSecondPerSecond applied to the real number 9.8 -- (#$MetersPerSecondPerSecond 9.8) -- is 9.8 meters per second squared.")

;;; #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration
(#$isa #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfAngularAcceleration "The collection of functions which return elements of #$AngularAccelerationRate (i.e., the rate of change in the #$RateOfRotation).")

;;; #$UnitOfAngularDistance
(#$isa #$UnitOfAngularDistance #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfAngularDistance #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfAngularDistance "The collection of functions which return elements of #$AngularDistance.  E.g., (#$Radian 5) denotes 5 radians.")

;;; #$UnitOfAngularSpeed
(#$isa #$UnitOfAngularSpeed #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfAngularSpeed #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$genls #$UnitOfAngularSpeed #$UnitOfRate)
(#$comment #$UnitOfAngularSpeed "The collection of functions which return elements of #$RateOfRotation.  E.g., (#$RadiansPerSecond 5) denotes a change of 5 radians in angular distance per second.")

;;; #$UnitOfArea
(#$isa #$UnitOfArea #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfArea #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfArea "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Area; e.g., (#$SquareYard 4) returns an area of 4 square yards.")

;;; #$UnitOfCapacitance
(#$isa #$UnitOfCapacitance #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfCapacitance #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfCapacitance "The collection of functions which return elements of #$ElectricalCapacitance.  E.g., (#$Farad 20) denotes an electrical capacitance of 20 farads.")

;;; #$UnitOfCharge
(#$isa #$UnitOfCharge #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfCharge #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfCharge "The collection of functions which return elements of #$ElectricalCharge.  E.g., (#$Coulomb 3) denotes an electrical charge of 3 coulombs.")

;;; #$UnitOfConcentration
(#$isa #$UnitOfConcentration #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfConcentration #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfConcentration "The collection of functions which return elements of #$ConcentrationStrength-Generic (i.e., mass of some element of #$ExistingStuffType per unit of #$Volume).  E.g., (#$GramsPerMilliliter 0.1) denotes a concentration of 0.1 grams per milliliter of one substance within another.")

;;; #$UnitOfCurrent
(#$isa #$UnitOfCurrent #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfCurrent #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfCurrent "The collection of functions which return elements of #$ElectricalCurrent.  E.g., (#$Ampere 2) denotes an instance of #$ElectricalCurrent that would measure two amps.")

;;; #$UnitOfDistance
(#$isa #$UnitOfDistance #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfDistance #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfDistance "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Distance; e.g., (#$Mile 26.2) denotes 26.2 miles.")

;;; #$UnitOfEnergy
(#$isa #$UnitOfEnergy #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfEnergy #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfEnergy "The collection of functions which return elements of #$EnergyAsAQuantity.  E.g., (#$Joule 5) denotes 5 joules.")

;;; #$UnitOfFlowRate
(#$isa #$UnitOfFlowRate #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfFlowRate #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$genls #$UnitOfFlowRate #$UnitOfRate)
(#$comment #$UnitOfFlowRate "The collection of functions which return elements of #$FlowRate (i.e.,volume of stuff passing a point per unit of time).  E.g., (#$CubicMeter 2000) denotes a #$FlowRate of 2000 cubic meters per second.")

;;; #$UnitOfFrequency
(#$isa #$UnitOfFrequency #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfFrequency #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$genls #$UnitOfFrequency #$UnitOfRate)
(#$comment #$UnitOfFrequency "The collection of functions which are used for expressing how often something occurs during an interval of time, i.e., functions which return an element of #$Frequency.  E.g., (#$MegaHertz 89.5) returns a frequency of 89.5 MHz.")

;;; #$UnitOfMass
(#$isa #$UnitOfMass #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMass #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfMass "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Mass.  E.g. (#$Kilogram 5) denotes 5 kilograms.")

;;; #$UnitOfMeasure
(#$isa #$UnitOfMeasure #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$UnitOfMeasure #$Collection)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMeasure #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMeasure #$NonPredicateFunction)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMeasure #$VariableArityRelation)
(#$comment #$UnitOfMeasure "#$UnitOfMeasure is the collection of all functions which return elements of #$ScalarInterval that describe physical quantities such as #$Speed, #$Volume, etc.  Those functions are usually grouped into subsets depending on what they measure (e.g., #$UnitOfSpeed,#$UnitOfVolume).  Functions which belong to #$UnitOfMeasure are variable-arity relations that take either one or two arguments, both of which must be elements of #$CycSystemRealNumber. If only one argument is given (e.g. (#$Meter 5)), the expression stands for a precise quantity (here, 5 meters); see also #$ScalarPointValue.  If two arguments are given (e.g. (#$Meter 5 10)), the expression stands for a closed interval and the arguments are interpreted as the interval's mininum and maximum, respectively. Following are a few example uses of some elements of #$UnitOfMeasure:







     `10 years': (#$YearsDuration 10) 



     `2 feet': (#$Foot-UnitOfMeasure 2) 



     `50 dollars and 2 cents': (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 50.02) 



     `between 1 and 50 pounds per square inch, inclusive': (#$PoundsPerSquareInch 1 50) 



     `dimensionless quantity between 3 and 4.1, inclusive': (#$Unity 3 4.1).")

;;; #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix
(#$isa #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix #$Collection)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix "Please see the #$SharedNote #$NoteForUnitOfMeasureWithPrefixAndNoPrefix.")

;;; #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix
(#$isa #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix #$Collection)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfMeasureWithPrefix "Please see the #$SharedNote #$NoteForUnitOfMeasureWithPrefixAndNoPrefix.")

;;; #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate
(#$isa #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate #$UnitOfRate)
(#$comment #$UnitOfMonetaryFlowRate "The collection of functions which return elements of #$MonetaryFlowRate (i.e. transfer of money per unit of time).  E.g., (#$DollarsPerHour 10) denotes a #$MonetaryFlowRate of $10 per hour.")

;;; #$UnitOfMoney
(#$isa #$UnitOfMoney #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfMoney #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfMoney "A collection of Cyc functions.  #$Dollar-UnitedStates, #$Peso-Mexico, and #$Yen-Japan are each elements of this collection (along with functions for many other nations's monetary units).  Each of these is a function which, given real numbers as arguments, returns an instance of the collection #$Money (q.v.).  For example, (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 5.99) denotes an element of #$Money whose size, or amount, is five dollars and 99 cents, expressed in the `unit of measure' US dollars; in short, (#$Dollar-UnitedStates 5.99) denotes $5.99.  

Note: The monetary values associated with the members of #$UnitOfMoney, and the exchange rates between them, fluctuate (sometimes widely) over very short periods of time -- daily, even hourly.  In being heavily time-dependent, #$UnitOfMoney is unlike most other subsets of #$UnitOfMeasure.")

;;; #$UnitOfPower
(#$isa #$UnitOfPower #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfPower #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfPower "The collection of functions which return elements of #$EnergyAsAQuantity.  E.g., (#$Watt 5) denotes 5 watts.")

;;; #$UnitOfPressure
(#$isa #$UnitOfPressure #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfPressure #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfPressure "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Pressure (i.e., force per unit #$Area) or #$Elasticity.  E.g., (#$Pascal-UnitOfPressure 175) denotes a #$Pressure of 175 pascals.")

;;; #$UnitOfRate
(#$isa #$UnitOfRate #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfRate #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfRate "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Rate.  This includes any measurement function (see #$UnitOfMeasure) whose #$unitOfMeasureExpansions list includes the factor (-1 #$UnitOfTime).  For example, (#$DollarsPerDay 1000) denotes $1000 per day.")

;;; #$UnitOfSpeed
(#$isa #$UnitOfSpeed #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfSpeed #$UnitOfRate)
(#$genls #$UnitOfSpeed #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfSpeed "The collection of functions which return elements of Speed.  For example, the value of the function #$MilesPerHour applied to the number five -- (#$MilesPerHour 5) -- is five miles per hour.")

;;; #$UnitOfTemperature
(#$isa #$UnitOfTemperature #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfTemperature #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfTemperature "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Temperature.  E.g., (#$DegreeFahrenheit 451) denotes a #$Temperature of 451 F.")

;;; #$UnitOfTime
(#$isa #$UnitOfTime #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfTime #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfTime "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Time; e.g., (#$YearsDuration 100) returns a time period equal to a century.")

;;; #$UnitOfVoltage
(#$isa #$UnitOfVoltage #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfVoltage #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfVoltage "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Voltage.  E.g., (#$Volt 120) denotes an electrical voltage of 120 volts.")

;;; #$UnitOfVolume
(#$isa #$UnitOfVolume #$InterconvertibleUnitType)
(#$genls #$UnitOfVolume #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$comment #$UnitOfVolume "The collection of functions which return elements of #$Volume.  E.g., (#$Liter 5) denotes 5 liters.")

;;; #$UnitVector-Precise
(#$isa #$UnitVector-Precise #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$UnitVector-Precise #$Vector-Precise)
(#$genls #$UnitVector-Precise #$UnitVectorInterval)
(#$comment #$UnitVector-Precise "The collection #$UnitVector-Precise is a subset of #$Vector-Precise and of #$UnitVectorInterval.  Each element of #$UnitVector-Precise is a vector interval with a magnitude of 1 and a precisely specified direction (e.g., due North, straight down).  Thus, one precise unit vector differs from another only in direction, since each vector consists of a magnitude and a direction (in a space of n > 1 dimensions).  So elements of #$UnitVector-Precise in effect indicate different directions such as `straight up' or `due East'.")

;;; #$UnitVectorInterval
(#$isa #$UnitVectorInterval #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$UnitVectorInterval #$VectorInterval)
(#$comment #$UnitVectorInterval "The collection #$UnitVectorInterval is a subset of #$VectorInterval.  Each element of #$UnitVectorInterval is a vector interval with a magnitude of 1.  Thus, one unit vector differs from another only in direction, since each vector consists of a magnitude and a direction (in a space of n > 1 dimensions).   An element of #$UnitVectorInterval may specify either a precise unit vector or a generalized range of directions such as `in front of'.  See also #$UnitVector-Precise. ")

;;; #$UnitedStatesPerson
(#$isa #$UnitedStatesPerson #$Nationality)
(#$genls #$UnitedStatesPerson #$Person)
(#$comment #$UnitedStatesPerson "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$UnitedStatesPerson is a person who either was born in the #$UnitedStatesOfAmerica or is currently among that country's #$citizens.")

;;; #$UnitedStatesPresident
(#$isa #$UnitedStatesPresident #$OccupationType)
(#$genls #$UnitedStatesPresident #$Politician)
(#$genls #$UnitedStatesPresident #$PublicOfficial)
(#$genls #$UnitedStatesPresident #$President-HeadOfGovernmentOrHeadOfState)
(#$genls #$UnitedStatesPresident #$UnitedStatesPerson)
(#$comment #$UnitedStatesPresident "A collection of persons.  Each element of #$UnitedStatesPresident is a person who holds the office of #$UnitedStatesPresident.  Examples: #$BillClinton from January 1993 till the present (November 1996); #$RichardNixon from January 1969 till his resignation in 1974; #$LyndonJohnson from Novemeber 1963 till January 1969.  Note that ex-U.S. Presidents have, in recent journalistic practice, tended to retain the title `President', although those individuals are no longer members of the collection #$UnitedStatesPresident after they leave office.")

;;; #$Unity
(#$isa #$Unity #$UnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Unity #$DimensionlessUnitOfMeasure)
(#$isa #$Unity #$UnitOfMeasureNoPrefix)
(#$isa #$Unity #$StandardUnitOfMeasure)
(#$resultIsa #$Unity #$ScalarInterval)
(#$resultIsa #$Unity #$IntervalOnNumberLine)
(#$argsIsa #$Unity #$CycSystemRealNumber)
(#$comment #$Unity "#$Unity is the standard unit of measure for dimensionless quantities.  Like other elements of #$UnitOfMeasure, #$Unity is a variable-arity function whose (one or two) arguments are instances of #$CycSystemRealNumber.  Unlike most other elements of #$UnitOfMeasure, #$Unity returns a dimensionless quantity, simply a real number without physical dimensions attached.  Thus, the value of (#$Unity .10) is equal to the point scalar 0.10, which is also the same quantity as (#$Percent 10).  Both (#$Unity .10) and 0.10 are legitimate instances of #$RealNumber; however, only 0.10 is a legitimate element of #$CycSystemRealNumber (q.v.).  #$Unity can be used to return a dimensionless real-number interval as well as a point value; e.g., (#$Unity 3 4) returns the interval that is the range of numbers between 3 and 4, inclusive.")

;;; #$University
(#$isa #$University #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$University #$EducationalOrganization)
(#$genls #$University #$ResearchOrganization)
(#$comment #$University "A collection of educational organizations.  An element of #$University is an organization, usually (but not always) called `University', which does university-level teaching and/or research.  Some universities comprise multiple `colleges' and professional schools.")

;;; #$UnorderedAttributeType
(#$isa #$UnorderedAttributeType #$SiblingDisjointCollection)
(#$genls #$UnorderedAttributeType #$AttributeType)
(#$comment #$UnorderedAttributeType "A collection of collections.  Each element of #$UnorderedAttributeType is a collection of attributes whose values are not ordered over their whole range of possible values.  A collection belonging to #$UnorderedAttributeType contains values that are incommensurable with one another.  For example, the `suit' attribute of playing cards (unlike the number or face value of the cards) is an unordered attribute in card games where no suit is considered higher than another.  The `gender' attribute of animals is an #$UnorderedAttributeType, as well.  By contrast, see #$PrimitiveAttributeType.")

;;; #$Up-Directly
(#$isa #$Up-Directly #$TerrestrialDirection)
(#$isa #$Up-Directly #$UnitVector-Precise)
(#$genlAttributes #$Up-Directly #$Up-Generally)
(#$comment #$Up-Directly "The direction straight up.  In the terrestrial context, #$Up-Directly points in the opposite direction of Earth's gravitational force vector.")

;;; #$Up-Generally
(#$isa #$Up-Generally #$TerrestrialDirection)
(#$comment #$Up-Generally "The element of #$VectorInterval which comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of #$Up-Directly.")

;;; #$UpSideDown
(#$isa #$UpSideDown #$OrientationAttribute)
(#$comment #$UpSideDown "(#$orientation OBJECT #$UpSideDown) means that OBJECT's intrinsic bottom (e.g., the hull of a ship) is above (#$above-Directly) its intrinsic top (e.g., the masthead).  Many things don't work properly when upside down, e.g., sailboats, salad bowls, newspapers.")

;;; #$UprightPosture
(#$isa #$UprightPosture #$Posture)
(#$comment #$UprightPosture "The attribute that describes an #$Animal in an upright, i.e. vertically extended, #$Posture.  (#$postureOfAnimal ?ANIM #$UprightPosture) is implied by walking and running, as well as by standing.")

;;; #$UrbanArea
(#$isa #$UrbanArea #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$UrbanArea #$HumanResidenceArea)
(#$comment #$UrbanArea "A collection of geographical regions; a subset of #$HumanResidenceArea.  Each element of #$UrbanArea is a region that has urban features.  Elements of #$UrbanArea can be as small as an urban neighborhood, or as big as, say, the New York City Metropolitan Area.  By default, urbanness is an intrinsic property of such areas; i.e., every subregion of an element of #$UrbanArea is also an instance of #$UrbanArea.  Examples: #$UTAustinCampus, #$WestlakeHills, #$CityOfAustinTX, #$CityOfToulouseFrance, #$CityOfMurmanskUSSR, #$CityOfTaipeiTaiwan, #$ResearchTrianglePark.")

;;; #$UrgeToScratch
(#$isa #$UrgeToScratch #$PhysicalUrgeType)
(#$genls #$UrgeToScratch #$InternalSensoryAttribute)
(#$genls #$UrgeToScratch #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$UrgeToScratch "This is a #$Collection of physical urges of a certain type, namely the urges that animals have to scratch an itch (and their accompanying internal sensations.)")

;;; #$UrgeToSneeze
(#$isa #$UrgeToSneeze #$PhysicalUrgeType)
(#$genls #$UrgeToSneeze #$InternalSensoryAttribute)
(#$genls #$UrgeToSneeze #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute)
(#$comment #$UrgeToSneeze "This is a #$Collection of physical urges of a certain type, namely the urges that animals have to sneeze (and their accompanying internal sensations.)")

;;; #$UserRightsAttribute
(#$isa #$UserRightsAttribute #$UnorderedAttributeType)
(#$genls #$UserRightsAttribute #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$UserRightsAttribute "A collection of attributes.  An instance of #$UserRightsAttribute describes what right an agent has to use something.  For example, the rights of an owner of a house can be distinguished from the rights of a renter by specifying the appropriate #$UserRightsAttributes.  Elements of #$UserRightsAttributes include: #$FullUseRights (the agent can do whatever s/he wants with it), #$ExclusiveUserRights (the agent is the only authorized user), #$PrimaryUserRights (this agent's uses take priority over everyone else's), #$GroupUserRightsAttribute (the agent's right to use something depends on membership in a group), and more.")

;;; #$Utterance
(#$isa #$Utterance #$ObjectType)
(#$isa #$Utterance #$TemporalStuffType)
(#$genls #$Utterance #$InformationBearingWavePropagation)
(#$genls #$Utterance #$AnimalSound)
(#$comment #$Utterance "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of #$AnimalSound.  Each element of #$Utterance is a sound which was initially generated by someone speaking or making some sound with the mouth.  If such IBTs are recorded and played back, the sound generated is still considered an element of #$Utterance.  Examples: your spouse saying `Good morning' today; Ed McMahon saying `Here's Johnny' (on almost innumerable occasions); a child screaming at a playmate; Humphrey Bogart saying `Here's looking at you' on the set of `Casablanca'.")

;;; #$VariableArityRelation
(#$isa #$VariableArityRelation #$RelationType)
(#$isa #$VariableArityRelation #$Collection)
(#$genls #$VariableArityRelation #$Relationship)
(#$comment #$VariableArityRelation "A collection of relationships.  Each element of #$VariableArityRelation is a relationship that can take a variable number of arguments, making it unlike most relationships, which have a fixed number of argument places.  Examples of #$VariableArityRelation include conjunction (#$and) and functions such as addition (#$PlusFn) that accept a variable number of arguments.")

;;; #$Vector-Precise
(#$isa #$Vector-Precise #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$Vector-Precise #$VectorInterval)
(#$comment #$Vector-Precise "A collection of vectors; a subset of #$VectorInterval.  Each element of #$Vector-Precise is an exactly indicated (i.e., point) vector, such as `5 feet due West'.  Both direction and distance are precise.  Thus, #$Vector-Precise is to #$VectorInterval what #$ScalarPointValue is to #$ScalarInterval.  #$Vector-Precise includes all the instances of #$UnitVector-Precise.")

;;; #$VectorFromToFn
(#$isa #$VectorFromToFn #$ReifiableFunction)
(#$isa #$VectorFromToFn #$IndividualDenotingFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$VectorFromToFn #$UnitVectorInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$VectorFromToFn #$SpatialThing)
(#$arg2Isa #$VectorFromToFn #$SpatialThing)
(#$comment #$VectorFromToFn "Returns a #$UnitVectorInterval which corresponds to the set of unit vectors which originate at some point in arg1 and terminate at some point in arg2.  For example, `the ball rolled towards Mecca' would be represented as (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout BallRolling01 (#$VectorFromToFn Ball01 Mecca)).  `a ball rolling away from Mecca' would be represented as (#$directionOfTranslation-Throughout BallRolling (#$VectorFromToFn Mecca Ball)).  Note that this admits trajectories which are not directly towards a targeted object but which approach at an angle.  Note further that (#$VectorFromToFn OBJ REF) assumes that OBJ does not #$spatiallyIntersects REF.  See also #$directionBetweenObjects which is roughly interchangeable with #$VectorFromToFn.  #$directionBetweenObjects has the advantage that an arbitrarily precise direction may be specified.  #$VectorFromToFn saves the user from doing the labor involved with reifiing and from having to know the direction between ?obj1 and ?obj2.). ")

;;; #$VectorInterval
(#$isa #$VectorInterval #$ObjectType)
(#$genls #$VectorInterval #$NTupleInterval)
(#$genls #$VectorInterval #$AttributeValue)
(#$comment #$VectorInterval "The collection #$VectorInterval is a subset of #$NTupleInterval.  Each element of #$VectorInterval is an n-tuple of intervals (where n > 1), one of which is a direction.  Like the elements of #$ScalarInterval, the intervals in an element of #$VectorInterval may be point-valued or cover a range of values.  The minimal interval (i.e., point-valued) type of vector interval is exemplified by a vector such as `10 meters due east'.   Vectors may also cover a range of values; e.g., `at least 10 feet away and in a horizontal direction'; `between ten to twelve miles NNW'.")

;;; #$Vegetable-Food
(#$isa #$Vegetable-Food #$DefaultDisjointFoodType)
(#$isa #$Vegetable-Food #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$Vegetable-Food #$VegetableMatter)
(#$genls #$Vegetable-Food #$Food)
(#$comment #$Vegetable-Food "A collection of edible stuff.  Each element of #$Vegetable-Food is a foodstuff which is derived from a plant and is ordinarily considered a vegetable; e.g., a carrot (an instance of #$Carrot-Foodstuff), a potato (an instance of #$Potato-Foodstuff), a lima bean (a #$Bean-Foodstuff), a tomato (a #$Tomato-Foodstuff).

Note: #$Vegetable-Food includes certain plant parts that are technically classified as fruits by botanists, but which are treated as vegetables in food classification -- such as tomatoes.  These would, e.g., be found in the vegetables section of a supermarket, and they satisfy more of the axioms about vegetables than those about fruits (e.g., sweetness.)")

;;; #$Vegetable-Plant
(#$isa #$Vegetable-Plant #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Vegetable-Plant #$Plant-NonWoody)
(#$comment #$Vegetable-Plant "A collection of plants that play a special role in human nutrition.  Each element of #$Vegetable-Plant is a plant that produces the edible things that we normally call `vegetables' (which can include fruits, seeds, stalks, leaves, or other parts, or even the whole plant).  The elements of #$Vegetable-Plant grow in gardens and produce the vegetables that are eaten; vegetable plants are not necessarily also elements of #$Food.  See #$Vegetable-Food for the collection of vegetables--plants or (more usually) plant parts--that are eaten by humans.")

;;; #$VegetableMatter
(#$isa #$VegetableMatter #$ExistingStuffType)
(#$genls #$VegetableMatter #$NaturalTangibleStuff)
(#$genls #$VegetableMatter #$OrganicStuff)
(#$comment #$VegetableMatter "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of #$VegetableMatter is a piece of stuff (solid, liquid, or, improbably but conceivably, gaseous) which is a piece of vegetable material.  This includes all instances of #$PlantProduct (such as elements of its subsets #$VegetableOil, #$TobaccoLeaf, #$Jute-Fiber, #$VanillaExtract, etc.), as well as naturally occurring pieces of vegetable matter (e.g., a clod of peat in a bog, an apple hanging on a tree, a mushroom growing wild in a forest).")

;;; #$Verb
(#$isa #$Verb #$LinguisticObjectType)
(#$genls #$Verb #$SpeechPart)
(#$comment #$Verb "The collection of all verbs. Verbs usually denote events, states, or processes. Verbs can be conjugated. Example: `eat'.")

;;; #$Vermin
(#$isa #$Vermin #$ExistingObjectType)
(#$genls #$Vermin #$NonPersonAnimal)
(#$comment #$Vermin "A collection of animals considered undesirable to find living in human habitation buildings or other facilities. ")

;;; #$Vertebrate
(#$isa #$Vertebrate #$BiologicalTaxon)
(#$genls #$Vertebrate #$Animal)
(#$comment #$Vertebrate "A collection of animals; one of the #$taxonMembers of the #$ChordataPhylum.   Each element of #$Vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused.  #$Vertebrate includes the most familiar animals, viz., the instances of #$Mammal, #$Reptile, #$Bird, #$Fish.  Some biologists class the 'Vertebrata' as a sub-phylum of the #$ChordataPhylum.  #$Vertebrate excludes Amphioxus.")
(#$synonymousExternalConcept #$Vertebrate #$SENSUS-Information1997 "VERTEBRATE")

;;; #$VerticalDirection
(#$isa #$VerticalDirection #$TerrestrialDirection)
(#$comment #$VerticalDirection "The element of #$VectorInterval that comprises all the vectors that are parallel to #$Up-Directly and #$Down-Directly.")

;;; #$VerticalOrientation
(#$isa #$VerticalOrientation #$OrientationAttribute)
(#$comment #$VerticalOrientation "(#$orientation OBJECT #$VerticalOrientation) means that OBJECT is vertical with respect to the current instance of #$FrameOfReference.  A linear (#$LongAndThin) object is vertical if and only if its longest dimension is perpendicular to horizontal (#$HorizontalDirection).  A planar (#$SheetShaped) object has #$VerticalOrientation if and only if its planar surface is perpendicular to the current horizontal plane.  Typically, vertical objects include window panes, skyscrapers, trees, radio towers, and walls.")

;;; #$VeryAlert
(#$isa #$VeryAlert #$Alertness)
(#$genlAttributes #$VeryAlert #$Awake)
(#$comment #$VeryAlert "#$VeryAlert is an #$Alertness attribute which is a specialization of #$Awake.  It is the state of an #$Animal paying particular attention to its environment (or a specific aspect thereof).  It is the state an #$Antelope is in after smelling a #$Lion, or a burglar is in after hearing the front door open.")

;;; #$VeryHighAmountFn
(#$isa #$VeryHighAmountFn #$GenericValueFunction)
(#$resultIsa #$VeryHighAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$arg1Isa #$VeryHighAmountFn #$PrimitiveAttributeType)
(#$arg1Genl #$VeryHighAmountFn #$ScalarInterval)
(#$comment #$VeryHighAmountFn "#$VeryHighAmountFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of #$IndividualDenotingFunction.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' values for a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (#$VeryHighAmountFn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a very high amount of' ATT in the current context.  A very high amount of ATT is more than (#$MediumAmountFn ATT).")

;;; #$VeryLowAmountFn
(#$isa #$VeryLowAmount