Visual bondage can take several forms, from restricting the vision to obliterating it. Blindfolds of various sorts are the most common technique. In order for a cloth or leather blindfold to be totally effective, there must be some sort of padding involved. And having those pads pressed against the eyes can be very sensuous (up to a point). However, the patient should not be forced wear a snug, padded blindfold for long periods of time. The constant pressure against the eyeballs can alter the intraocular fluid dynamics, and hence, the shape of the eye, resulting in blurred vision. This condition usually will correct itself, but may take as long as several days. If a snug padded blindfold is imposed for an extended period of time, permanent damage may result. Total blackness can also be achieved with a trainer, helmet or hood which does not put pressure directly on the eyeballs themselves. Another effective technique is to take a pair of swimmers goggles (the kind that look like two individual eyecups connected with a strap) and paint them (on the outside, please) with black paint. These can also be worn for long periods with no damage. Another technique is to use adhesive eye patches. Keeping a patient in a state of complete sightlessness for an extended period of time, forcing them to become accustomed to blindness, is an exquisite torture. For those with the time and resources to perform such an experiment, the experience is really interesting. Techniques which only partially obscure vision are interesting to experiment with. Goggles or blinders with tiny holes or slits permit the patient with 2% to 5% vision, enough to get around or to get a hint of what is about to happen to them, but restricted enough to be a real turn-on. Having the patient wear a veil is another partial vision technique that is effective. Depending on the material chosen (black or white, thin or thick) the patient's vision can be controlled, from being able to see well enough even to read (thin black silk or nylon chiffon), to being able to walk around pretty well, but not read or watch tv (heavier black chiffon or light white chiffon), to having just enough vision to barely navigate, but not recognize faces (lycra spandex). I once had to wear a helmet for an extended period of time that had thick glass eye pieces set into it that severely distorted my vision. They were sort of like fish-eye camera lenses. The effect was so bizarre and disorienting I felt like I was imprisoned on another planet! Hope you have fun with these techniques. Remember, when you place a sub in bondage, you are totally responsible for him/her. NEVER leave a bound sub alone under any circumstances.