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expr - Evaluate Expression Arguments
$expr arguments
Description:
The expr command evaluates arguments as an expression. Expression tokens must be separated with blanks, and special characters must be escaped. Integer arguments can be preceded by a minus sign to indicate a negative number.
Operators (listed in order of precedence):
exp1 \| exp2 | return exp1 if neither null nor 0, else return exp2
exp1 \& exp2
| return exp1 if neither null nor 0, else return 0
| exp1 \<, \<=, =, !=, \>=, \> exp2
| return result of the integer or string comparison
| exp1 +, , \*, /, % exp2
| return result of the arithmetic operation
| exp1 : exp2
| return the result on the number of matched characters between exp1 and exp2
| |
grep - Search Files for Patterns
$grep [ options ] 'expression' [ files ]
Description:
The grep command displays lines from files that match the given limited regular expression.
Options:
b | precede each line with the block number |
c | display the number of matching lines |
i | ignore case of letters during comparisons |
l | display only filenames with matching lines once |
n | display the output with line numbers |
s | do not display error messages |
v | display non-matching lines only |
files | read standard input if no files are specified |
paste - Merge Lines Between Files
$paste file1 file2 . . . $paste dlist file1 file2 . . . $paste s [ dlist ] file1 file2 . . .
Description:
The paste command merges corresponding lines from files. Each file is treated as a column or columns of a table and displayed horizontally.
Options:??
dlist | replace tabs with characters from list. If this option is not specified, the newline characters for each file (except for the last file, or if s is given, the last line) are replaced with tabs. The list can contain these special characters: |
\n | newline |
\t | tab |
\0 | empty string |
\\ | backslash |
s | merge subsequent lines instead of one |
files | read standard input if file1 or file2 is |
sed - Stream Editor
$sed [ n ] [ e 'script ' [ f file ] [ files ]
Description:
The sed command copies files to standard output and edits them according to the given editing commands.
Options:
e script | execute commands in script |
f file | get commands from file |
n | suppress default output |
files | read standard input if no files are specified |
Command Format:
[address [ ,address ] ] commands [ arguments ] | execute commands for each input line that matches address or range of addresses. If commands is preceded by !, input lines that do not match the address are used. |
Addresses:
If no address is given, all input lines are matched. Two addresses indicate a range.
. | current line |
$ | last line |
n | nth line |
/regular-expression/ | regular expression |
\n | newline |
Commands:
The maximum number of addresses is listed in parentheses.
(1)a\ text | append the following text to the output | |
(2)b label | branch to the :label command. If label is empty, go to the end of the script. | |
(2)c\ text | change lines | |
(2)d | delete lines | |
(2)D | delete first line of input only | |
(2)g | replace input lines with buffer contents | |
(2)G | append buffer contents to input lines | |
(2)h | replace buffer contents with input lines | |
(2)H | append input lines to buffer contents | |
(1)i\ text | insert the following text | |
(2)l | display input lines | |
(2)n | display input line; read next input line | |
(2)N | append next input line to current line | |
(2)p | display input lines | |
(2)P | display first line of input line only | |
(1)q | quit | |
(2)r file | display contents of file | |
(2)s/RE/s/flags | substitute s for the regular expression RE that matches input lines according to flags. The flags can consist of zero or more of: | |
n | substitute for just the nth occurrence of the regular expression RE (1512) | |
g | substitute for all occurrences of RE | |
p | display input line if substitution was made | |
w file | append input line to file if substitution made | |
(2)t label | branch to :label command if substitution was made. If label is empty, go to end of script. | |
(2)w file | append input line to file | |
(2)x | exchange input line with buffer contents | |
(2)y/s1/s2 | replace characters in s1 with characters in s2. The lengths of s1 and s2 must be equal. | |
(2)!cmd | execute command for the input lines not selected | |
(1) = | display current line number | |
(2) { | treat commands up to closing } as a group | |
(0)# | interpret rest of input line as comments | |
(0)#n | interpret rest of input line as comments and ignore |
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