From the Radio Free Michigan archives ftp://141.209.3.26/pub/patriot If you have any other files you'd like to contribute, e-mail them to bj496@Cleveland.Freenet.Edu. ------------------------------------------------ AMERICAN INTERVENTIONS DURING THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Please be aware that this listing does not include many, many U.S. "interventions" where U.S. troops were not the primary force -- such as the U.S. intervention in the Greek civil war during the 1950s -- nor does it include the many, many U.S. nuclear threats that one might well consider a form of intervention -- such as the U.S. nuclear threat during the '73 Arab-Israeli war -- nor does it include many CIA organized war efforts, such as the long war against the leftist Angolan government which was waged by the U.S. and racist South Africa -- nor does it include all the countries intervened/invaded by the U.S. in World War I and World War II. But anyway, here's some food for thought. The listing is comprised of the Country/Date/type of intervention/and a few specifics: PHILIPPINES/l898-1910(-?)/Naval, troops/Seized from Spain, U.S. troops kill 600,000 Filipinos. CUBA/l898-1902(-?)/Naval, troops/Seized from Spain, U.S. still illegally holds Navy base there over Cuban objections. PANAMA/1901-03(-?)/Naval, troops/Broke off from Colombia in a U.S. organized 'rebellion', U.S. annexes Canal Zone. HONDURAS/l903/Troops/U.S. Marines intervene in revolution. DOMINICAN REP./1903-04/Troops/U.S. business interests protected in Revolution. KOREA/1904-05/Troops/U.S. Marines land in Russo-Japanese War. CUBA/1906-09/Troops/U.S. Marines land in democratic election. NICARAGUA/1907/Troops/"Dollar Diplomacy" protectorate (psuedo- colony) set up. HONDURAS/l907/Troops/U.S. Marines land during war with Nicaragua. PANAMA/l908/Troops/U.S. Marines intervene in election contest. NICARAGUA/l9l0/Troops/U.S. Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto. HONDURAS/1911/Troops/U.S. business interests protected in civil war. CHINA/1911-41/Naval, troops/Continuous occupation with flare-ups CUBA/1912/Troops/U.S. business interests protected in Havana. PANAMA/l9l2/Troops/U.S. Marines land during heated election. HONDURAS/l9l2/Troops/Marines protect U.S. economic interests. NICARAGUA/1912-33/Troops, bombing/20-year occupation, fought guerrillas. MEXICO/l9l3/Naval/Americans evacuated during revolution. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/1914/Naval/Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo. MEXICO/1914-18/Naval, troops/Series of interventions against Mexican nationalists. HAITI/1914-34/Troops, bombing/19-year occupation after revolts. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/1916-24/Troops/8-year U.S. Marine occupation. CUBA/1917-33/Troops/Military occupation, U.S. declares Cuba an economic protectorate (psuedo-colony). USSR/1918-22/Naval, troops/Five landings to fight Bolsheviks in effort to overthrow the fledgling socialist government. PANAMA/1918-20/Troops/"Police duty" during unrest after elections. HONDURAS/l9l9/Troops/U.S. Marines land during election campaign. GUATEMALA/1920/Troops/2-week intervention against unionists. TURKEY/1922/Troops/U.S. fought nationalists in Smyrna. CHINA/1922-27/Naval, troops/Deployment during nationalist revolt. HONDURAS/1924-25/Troops/Landed twice during election strife. PANAMA/1925/Troops/U.S. Marines suppress general strike. CHINA/l928-34/Troops/U.S. Marines stationed throughout the country. EL SALVADOR/l932/Naval/Warships sent during Marti revolt. KOREA/l951-53(-?)/Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats/U.S.& South Korea fight China & North Korea to stalemate; A-bomb threat in l950, and against China in l953. China accuses U.S. of biological warfare. Still have bases. IRAN/l953/Covert/CIA overthrows democratically elected socialist premier, installs Shah as dictator. GUATEMALA/l954/Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat/CIA directs exile invasion after new gov't nationalizes U.S. companies' lands; bombers based in Nicaragua. LEBANON/l958/Troops, naval/U.S. Marine occupation against rebels. PANAMA/1958/Troops/Flag protests erupt into confrontation. VIETNAM/l960-75/Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats/Fought South Vietnamese revolt & North Vietnam during the Vietnamese civil war; over two million Vietnamese casualties in longest U.S. war; atomic bomb threats in l968 and l969. LAOS/1961/Covert/Military buildup during guerrilla war. CUBA/l961/Covert/CIA-directed exile invasion fails. PANAMA/l964/Troops/Panamanians shot for urging canal's return. INDONESIA/l965/Covert/One million-plus killed in CIA-assisted army coup. CIA provides assassination lists to military, plus weapons. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/1965-66/Troops, bombing/U.S. Marines land during election campaign. GUATEMALA/l966-67/Covert/Green Berets intervene against rebels. CAMBODIA/l969-75/Bombing, troops, naval/Up to 2 million killed in decade during/after U.S. invasion of Cambodia and bombing, starvation, and political chaos. OMAN/l970/Covert/U.S. directs Iranian marine invasion to intervene in Omani civil war. LAOS/l971-73/Command operation, bombing/U.S. directs South Vietnamese invasion; "carpet-bombs" countryside. CHILE/1973/Covert/CIA funds and backs coup ousts democratically-elected Marxist president and installs brutal military dictatorship. CAMBODIA/l975/Troops, bombing/Intervenes to seize captured ship, 28 die in copter crash. IRAN/l980/Troops, nuclear threat, aborted bombing/Raid to rescue Embassy hostages; 8 troops die in copter-plane crash. Soviets warned not to get involved in revolution. LIBYA/l981/Naval jets/Two Libyan jets shot down in maneuvers. EL SALVADOR/l981-?/Covert/U.S. mercenaries, military advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war. NICARAGUA/l981-90/Covert, naval/CIA funds, trains, equips and directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution. HONDURAS/l982-?/Troops/Maneuvers, help build bases near borders to intimidate Nicaragua. LEBANON/l982-84/Naval, bombing, troops/Marines expel PLO and back Christian Phalangists, Navy bombs and shells Muslim positions. GRENADA/l983-84/Troops, bombing/Invasion four years after socialist revolution. U.S. installs puppet government. LIBYA/l986/Bombing, naval/Air strikes try to topple nationalist gov't. BOLIVIA/1987/Troops/Coast Guard and Army assists raids on cocaine region. IRAN/l987-88/Naval, bombing/US intervenes on side of Iraq in Gulf War. LIBYA/1989/Naval jets/Two Libyan jets shot down. PANAMA/1989-?/Troops, bombing/Nationalist government ousted by invasion. U.S. installs puppet government and refuses to hold new elections. LIBERIA/1990-?/Troops/Foreigners evacuated during civil war; troops protect CIA communications/listening post. SAUDI ARABIA/1990-?/Troops, jets/Iraq countered after invading Kuwait. Forces also in Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, Israel. IRAQ/1990-?/Naval, bombing, troops/Blockade of Iraqi and Jordanian ports; large-scale destruction of Iraqi military. KUWAIT/1991-?/Naval, bombing, troops/Attacks on Iraqi military; effort to return dictatorial royal family to throne. END ------------------------------------------------ (This file was found elsewhere on the Internet and uploaded to the Radio Free Michigan archives by the archive maintainer. All files are ZIP archives for fast download. E-mail bj496@Cleveland.Freenet.Edu)