THE HISTORY OF KATHIAWAD In about the year AJX 1090 another family of Rajputs became settled in the Kathiawad peninsula. These were the Jhalas, who formerly ruled at Keranti, near Nagar Parkar in Sind. They were originally known as " Makwana," a word which may be derived from the word Macedonia, the c sound being hard. If this theory be correct, the Jhala Rajputs can claim Greek descent. In about A.D. 1055 the Makwanas were driven out of Keranti; and their chief, Kesar Deva, being killed, his son, Harpal Deva, fled to Anhilwad Patan, where he besought protection from Karan Raja, King of Anhilwad. As a reward for certain services, Karan Raja bestowed on Harpal Deva that part of Saurashtra which came to be known as Jhalawad. The cognomen " Jhala " is derived from a Gujarati word Jhalwu, meaning "to snatch up," which was acquired by Harpal Deva's wife, who was of the Solanki family, through her rescue of their children from the onslaught of a mad elephant. The Jhalas were first settled at Patdi, in the North-East of Saurashtra; but the capital changed from time to time, and Mandal, Kuwa, and Halwad figured in turn as the chief town in Jhalawad, until in A.D. 1730 Dhran- gadhra was built, from which place the present head of the Jhala family takes his name. There are now, besides the Dhrangadhra family, six minor branches of the Jhalas who hold States of impor- tance in Kathiawad. The Limbdi house can trace its descent as a separate entity to Manguji, second son of Harpal Deva. Wankaner dates from the end of the sixteenth century A.D., when Sultanji, son of Prathiraj, eldest son of Chandrasinhji of Dhrangadhra, seized what now constitutes the State, with the help of the Jam of Nawanagar. Wadhwan formerly, with Wankaner, was part of Dhrangadhra, but dates as a separate State from about the same time as Wankaner, when Ragoji, younger brother of Sultanji, seized it. Chuda and 66