354 MODERN CIVILIZATION into the presence of the king "paid him court," and were called courtiers. The king lived in the midst of this multitude, and even when he went hunting or to his chateau of Saint Germain he was followed by a nteof state carriages bearing his servitors and his courtiers. The Ceremonial.__The court of France was no longer a disorderly crowd; Louis XIV. had established Ae etiquette for it, he regulated the life of the king; he made a ceremony out of each act in his daily life. The levee of the king was divided into five acts. At the hour indicated the first "valet de chambre" ap- proached the bed of the king, then went and opened for the grooms of the chamber ; another went to inform h! h tf°?Cr °f the buttery and the cook> s° fat he breakfast could be brought in; another took pos- session of the door, and would not admit any one not privileged to enter. The persons admitted to see the ' Tte»ed b groups' The first was ** entry," composed of the princes of the blood, , - K , chattlberlain, the first gentleman of " bare ' *»** "^ °f «* waoe, Ae barbers the watch and the dock makers. The kin- being still m bed, the first "valet de chambr? pourt some spirits -of wine on the hands of His Ma^sty, hoMfflg under them a dish of silver gilt. Then the vase of holy water is presented to him, the king takes some of the water, makes the sign of the cross and repeTts several prayers. When the king gets out of £T£ C ^ SHpPerS' ^^cLrnberla^putson him his dressing-gown, the first valet de chambre hold-