CHAPTER IX THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS OF ROYALTY Increase of the Royal Domain.—The King of France was master only in his own domain, and until the end of the twelfth century his domain was a small one. The policy of the House of France was that of a family of peasants seeking to aggrandize and round out its domain. By purchase, marriage or conquest slowly it acquired, sometimes a province, sometimes a small county, sometimes a single seigniory. Under Philip Augustus the domain was suddenly increased three- fold by the conquest of the domains of the Duke of Normandy. The king had then more knights in his army, more money in his coffers, more subjects on his lands than any other prince in France; he was for the first time the most powerful seignior of his kingdom* In his domains, scattered throughout France, he estab- lished bailiffs, agents acting under power of attorney, who began to annoy the bailiffs of the great lords, and who made the name of the king everywhere respected. Paris Tinder Philip Augustus.—Paris in the ninth century, at the period of the siege by the Normans, was wholly confined to the island of the Cite, At the end of the twelfth century it had extended over on the two banks of the Seine. In order to put the new 120