%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Title: (Microsoft Word - Atrus2) %%Creator: (Microsoft Word: LaserWriter 8 8.4.3) %%CreationDate: (9:27 am Friday, December 19, 1997) %%For: () %%Pages: 15 %%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman Times-Italic Times-Bold %%DocumentNeededFonts: Times-Roman Times-Italic Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedFonts: %%DocumentData: Clean7Bit %%PageOrder: Ascend %%Orientation: Portrait %%DocumentMedia: Default 595 842 0 () () %ADO_ImageableArea: 13 12 581 830 %%EndComments userdict/dscInfo 5 dict dup begin /Title(Microsoft Word - Atrus2)def /Creator(Microsoft Word: LaserWriter 8 8.4.3)def /CreationDate(9:27 am Friday, December 19, 1997)def /For()def /Pages 15 def end put /md 201 dict def md begin/currentpacking where {pop /sc_oldpacking currentpacking def true setpacking}if %%BeginFile: lw8_basic-2.0 %%Copyright: Copyright 1990-1996 Adobe Systems Incorporated and Apple Computer Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. /bd{bind def}bind def /xdf{exch def}bd /xs{exch store}bd /ld{load def}bd /Z{0 def}bd /T/true /F/false /:L/lineto /lw/setlinewidth /:M/moveto /rl/rlineto /rm/rmoveto /:C/curveto /:T/translate /:K/closepath /:mf/makefont /gS/gsave /gR/grestore /np/newpath 14{ld}repeat /framewidth -1 def /QDframwid -1 def /numframes Z /mTS matrix def /$m matrix def /av 84 def /por T def /normland F def /psb-nosave{}def /pse-nosave{}def /us Z /psb{/us save store}bd /pse{us restore}bd /level2 /languagelevel where { pop languagelevel 2 ge }{ F }ifelse def /odictstk Z /oopstk Z /fcl { count oopstk sub dup 0 gt { {pop}repeat }{ pop }ifelse countdictstack odictstk sub dup 0 gt { {end}repeat }{ pop }ifelse }bd /sfcl2 { /odictstk countdictstack store count/oopstk xs }bd /efcl2 { stopped{$error/newerror F put}if fcl }bd /noload Z /startnoload { {/noload save store}if }bd /endnoload { {noload restore}if }bd level2 startnoload /setjob { statusdict/jobname 3 -1 roll put }bd /setcopies { userdict/#copies 3 -1 roll put }bd /devg/DeviceGray def /devr/DeviceRGB def /devc/DeviceCMYK def /ststpgdev{}def /dopgdev{}def /stpgdev{}def /buf Z /didstop T def /sfcl { /didstop T store /odictstk countdictstack store count/oopstk xs currentfile cvx stopped { $error/newerror F put didstop { save/didstop xs /buf vmstatus exch sub exch pop dup 0 lt{pop 0}if dup 64000 gt{pop 64000}if string store { currentfile buf readline { (}efcl)eq{exit}if }{ /UnexpectedEOF errordict/rangecheck get exec }ifelse }loop didstop restore }if }if fcl }bd /efcl { /didstop F store exec stop }bd level2 endnoload level2 not startnoload /setjob { 1 dict begin/JobName xdf currentdict end setuserparams }bd /setcopies { 1 dict begin/NumCopies xdf currentdict end setpagedevice }bd /devg[/DeviceGray]def /devr[/DeviceRGB]def /devc[/DeviceCMYK]def /setpagedevice where{pop/realstpgdev/setpagedevice ld}if /SC_topddict Z /SC_spdict Z /dopgdev { md/setpagedevice undef SC_topddict realstpgdev }bd /stpgdev { SC_topddict dup 3 -1 roll { SC_spdict 2 index known { SC_spdict 2 index get dup 3 -1 roll { put dup }forall pop put dup }{ put dup }ifelse }forall pop pop }bd /ststpgdev { md/setpagedevice/stpgdev load put /SC_topddict 0 dict store /SC_spdict 3 dict begin /InputAttributes 0 dict def /Policies 0 dict def /OutputAttributes 0 dict def currentdict end store }def /sfcl/sfcl2 ld /efcl/efcl2 ld level2 not endnoload /pm Z /mT Z /sD Z /realshowpage Z /initializepage { mT $m currentmatrix mTS concatmatrix pop /pm save store mT concat }bd /endp { pm restore showpage }def /adjRect { dup 2 mul 6 2 roll 4 index sub exch 5 -1 roll sub exch 4 2 roll 4 index add exch 5 -1 roll add exch 4 2 roll }bd /frame1up { gS mTS setmatrix QDframwid lw /setstrokeadjust where{pop T setstrokeadjust}if clippath pathbbox 2 index sub exch 3 index sub exch currentlinewidth framewidth mul adjRect numframes dup 0 lt{pop 0}if { 4 copy rS currentlinewidth framewidth mul 4 mul adjRect }repeat pop pop pop pop gR }bd /$c devr def /rectclip where { pop/rC/rectclip ld }{ /rC { np 4 2 roll :M 1 index 0 rl 0 exch rl neg 0 rl :K clip np }bd }ifelse /rectfill where { pop/rF/rectfill ld }{ /rF { gS np 4 2 roll :M 1 index 0 rl 0 exch rl neg 0 rl fill gR }bd }ifelse /rectstroke where { pop/rS/rectstroke ld }{ /rS { gS np 4 2 roll :M 1 index 0 rl 0 exch rl neg 0 rl :K stroke gR }bd }ifelse %%EndFile %%BeginFile: lw8_level1_colorspace-2.0 /G/setgray ld /:F1/setgray ld /:F/setrgbcolor ld /:F4/setcmykcolor where { pop /setcmykcolor ld }{ { 3 { dup 3 -1 roll add dup 1 gt{pop 1}if 1 exch sub 4 1 roll }repeat pop setrgbcolor }bd }ifelse /:Fx { counttomark {0{G}0{:F}{:F4}} exch get exec pop }bd /$cs Z /:rg{devr :ss}bd /:sc{$cs :ss}bd /:dc { dup type/arraytype eq{0 get}if dup/DeviceCMYK eq { pop devc }{ /DeviceGray eq { devg }{ devr }ifelse }ifelse /$cs xdf }bd /:sgl{}def /:dr{}bd /:fCRD{pop}bd /:ckcs{}bd /:ss{/$c xdf}bd %%EndFile %%BeginFile: lw8_bubn-2.0 /$t Z /$p Z /$s Z /$o 1. def /2state? F def /ps Z level2 startnoload /pushcolor/currentrgbcolor ld /popcolor/setrgbcolor ld /setcmykcolor where { pop/currentcmykcolor where { pop/pushcolor/currentcmykcolor ld /popcolor/setcmykcolor ld }if }if level2 endnoload level2 not startnoload /pushcolor { currentcolorspace $c eq { currentcolor currentcolorspace T }{ currentcmykcolor F }ifelse }bd /popcolor { { setcolorspace setcolor }{ setcmykcolor }ifelse }bd level2 not endnoload /pushstatic { 2state? $o $t $p $s $cs ps }bd /popstatic { /ps xs /$cs xs /$s xs /$p xs /$t xs /$o xs /2state? xs }bd /pushgstate { save errordict/nocurrentpoint{pop 0 0}put currentpoint 3 -1 roll restore pushcolor currentlinewidth currentlinecap currentlinejoin currentdash exch aload length np clippath pathbbox $m currentmatrix aload pop }bd /popgstate { $m astore setmatrix 2 index sub exch 3 index sub exch rC array astore exch setdash setlinejoin setlinecap lw popcolor np :M }bd /bu { pushgstate gR pushgstate 2state? { gR pushgstate }if pushstatic pm restore mTS setmatrix }bd /bn { /pm save store popstatic popgstate gS popgstate 2state? { gS popgstate }if }bd /cpat{pop 64 div setgray 8{pop}repeat}bd %%EndFile %%BeginFile: lw8_basic_text-2.0 /S/show ld /A{ 0.0 exch ashow }bd /R{ 0.0 exch 32 exch widthshow }bd /W{ 0.0 3 1 roll widthshow }bd /J{ 0.0 32 4 2 roll 0.0 exch awidthshow }bd /V{ 0.0 4 1 roll 0.0 exch awidthshow }bd /fcflg T def /fc{ fcflg{ vmstatus exch sub 50000 lt{ (%%[ Warning: Running out of memory ]%%\r)print flush/fcflg F store }if pop }if }bd /$f[1 0 0 -1 0 0]def /:ff{$f :mf}bd /MacEncoding StandardEncoding 256 array copy def MacEncoding dup 9/space put dup 39/quotesingle put 96/grave put /Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis/Udieresis/aacute /agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute/egrave /ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde/oacute /ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex/udieresis /dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls /registered/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/notequal/AE/Oslash /infinity/plusminus/lessequal/greaterequal/yen/mu/partialdiff/summation /product/pi/integral/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/Omega/ae/oslash /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/radical/florin/approxequal/Delta/guillemotleft /guillemotright/ellipsis/space/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide/lozenge /ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright/fi/fl /daggerdbl/periodcentered/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/perthousand /Acircumflex/Ecircumflex/Aacute/Edieresis/Egrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Igrave /Oacute/Ocircumflex/apple/Ograve/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Ugrave/dotlessi/circumflex/tilde /macron/breve/dotaccent/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron MacEncoding 128 128 getinterval astore pop level2 startnoload /copyfontdict { findfont dup length dict begin { 1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse }forall }bd /$ckeyd md def /:skey { 1 index maxlength 2 index length sub ge { begin /$mkeys 20 dict def /$mkeys load end dup/$ckeyd xs }if 3 1 roll put }bd /fD1pass { 40 $ckeyd //md ne { pop 1 }if $ckeyd exch :skey }bd /:searchdict Z /:searchdict { exch 2 copy known { get }{ exch/$mkeys get :searchdict }ifelse }bd /lU { //md exch 2 copy known { get }{ exch /$mkeys get :searchdict }ifelse }bd level2 endnoload level2 not startnoload /copyfontdict { findfont dup length dict copy begin }bd /fD1pass/def ld /lU/load ld level2 not endnoload /fD Z /sf Z /scf Z /sf1pass { lU setfont }bd /scf1pass { exch lU exch scalefont fD }bd /scf2pass { scalefont fD }bd md/fontname known not{ /fontname/customfont def }if /Encoding Z /:mre { copyfontdict /Encoding MacEncoding def fontname currentdict end definefont :ff fD }bd /:bsr { copyfontdict /Encoding Encoding 256 array copy def Encoding dup }bd /pd{put dup}bd /:esr { pop pop fontname currentdict end definefont :ff fD }bd /ps Z /fz{/ps xs}bd /cF/currentfont ld /mbf { /makeblendedfont where { pop makeblendedfont /ABlend exch definefont }{ pop }ifelse fD }def %%EndFile /currentpacking where {pop sc_oldpacking setpacking}if end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup md begin /fD/def ld/sf/setfont ld /scf/scf2pass ld sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *Resolution 600dpi << /HWResolution [600 600]>> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }efcl sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *HPHalftone Enhanced << /Install { currentpagedevice /HWResolution get dup 0 get 600 eq exch 1 get 600 eq and {/EnhancedColorRendering600} {/EnhancedColorRendering} ifelse /ColorRendering findresource setcolorrendering /EnhancedHalftone /Halftone findresource sethalftone { } settransfer false setstrokeadjust } >> setpagedevice currentpagedevice /HWResolution get dup 0 get 600 eq exch 1 get 600 eq and { << /PostRenderingEnhance false >> setpagedevice }if /setscreen { 3 {pop} repeat } def /setcolorscreen { 12 {pop} repeat } def /sethalftone { pop } def %%EndFeature }efcl sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *Smoothing True << /PostRenderingEnhance true >> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }efcl sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *MediaType Plain <> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }efcl sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *ManualFeed False <> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }efcl sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *PageSize A4 <> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }efcl sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *Duplex None <> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }efcl sfcl{ %%BeginFeature: *OutputBin Upper <> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }efcl ()setjob sfcl{/currentdistillerparams where{pop 1 dict dup/Orientation 2 put setpagedevice}if }efcl /mT[1 0 0 -1 13 830]def /sD 16 dict def 600 level2{1 dict dup/WaitTimeout 4 -1 roll put setuserparams}{statusdict/waittimeout 3 -1 roll put}ifelse %%IncludeFont: Times-Roman /f133/Times-Roman :mre /f147 f133 12 scf /f158 f133 9 scf %%IncludeFont: Times-Italic /f169/Times-Italic :mre /f184 f169 33 scf /f195 f169 10 scf /f206 f169 12 scf /f217 f133 11 scf /f228 f133 7 scf /f239 f133 14 scf /f250 f133 10 scf %%IncludeFont: Times-Bold /f261/Times-Bold :mre /f275 f261 12 scf /f286 f261 9 scf /f297 f133 6 scf /Courier findfont[10 0 0 -10 0 0]:mf setfont %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 1 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 253 112 :M f147 sf -.475(C)A f158 sf -.315(HAPTER )A f147 sf -.514(O)A f158 sf -.711(NE)A 181 149 :M f184 sf .541 .054(Frontal )J 290 149 :M .139(Assault)A 188 161 193 19 rC 188 161 :M psb /dstR[newpath clippath pathbbox]def newpath dstR 0 get dstR 1 get translate dstR 2 get dstR 0 get sub 516.142 325.7256 sub div dstR 3 get dstR 1 get sub 289.6134 305.5174 sub div scale 325.7256 neg 305.5174 neg translate %%BeginProcSet: FreeHand_header 3 0 /FHIODict 30 dict def FHIODict begin /bdf{bind def}bind def /d{setdash}bdf /h{closepath}bdf /H{}bdf /J{setlinecap}bdf /j{setlinejoin}bdf /M{setmiterlimit}bdf /n{newpath}bdf /N{newpath}bdf /q{gsave}bdf /Q{grestore}bdf /w{setlinewidth}bdf /u{}bdf /U{}bdf /sepdef{ dup where not { FreeHandSepDict } if 3 1 roll exch put }bdf /` {end %. FreeHandDict /-save0- save def pop pop pop pop pop concat userdict begin /showpage {} def 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath /languagelevel where {pop languagelevel 1 ne{false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint}if}if } bdf /~ {end -save0- restore FreeHandDict begin }bdf /FreeHandDict 190 dict def FreeHandDict begin /currentpacking where{pop true setpacking}if /xdf{exch def}bdf /ndf{1 index where{pop pop pop}{dup xcheck{bind}if def}ifelse}bdf /min{2 copy gt{exch}if pop}bdf /max{2 copy lt{exch}if pop}bdf /isLino statusdict /product get (Lino) anchorsearch{pop pop true}{pop false}ifelse def /dr{transform .25 sub round .25 add exch .25 sub round .25 add exch itransform}bdf /C{dr curveto}bdf /L{dr lineto}bdf /m{dr moveto}bdf /printerRes gsave matrix defaultmatrix setmatrix 72 72 dtransform abs exch abs max grestore def /maxsteps 256 def /calcgraysteps { currentscreen pop exch printerRes exch div exch 2 copy sin mul round dup mul 3 1 roll cos mul round dup mul add 1 add dup maxsteps gt {pop maxsteps} if } bdf /bottom -0 def /delta -0 def /frac -0 def /left -0 def /numsteps -0 def /numsteps1 -0 def /radius -0 def /right -0 def /top -0 def /xt -0 def /yt -0 def /df currentflat def /tempstr 1 string def /clipflatness currentflat def /inverted? 0 currenttransfer exec .5 ge def /colorexists systemdict/setcmykcolor known def /tc1 [0 0 0 1] def /tc2 [0 0 0 1] def /fc [0 0 0 1] def /sc [0 0 0 1] def /concatprocs{ /proc2 exch cvlit def/proc1 exch cvlit def /newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx}bdf /storerect{/top xdf/right xdf/bottom xdf/left xdf}bdf /rectpath{newpath left bottom m left top L right top L right bottom L closepath}bdf /i{dup 0 eq {pop df dup} {dup} ifelse /clipflatness xdf setflat }bdf version cvr 38.0 le {/setrgbcolor{ currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll setrgbcolor}bdf}if /gettint{0 get}bdf /puttint{0 exch put}bdf /vms {/vmsv save def} bdf /vmr {vmsv restore} bdf /vmrs{vmsv restore /vmsv save def}bdf /eomode{ {/filler /eofill load def /clipper /eoclip load def} {/filler /fill load def /clipper /clip load def} ifelse }bdf /CD{/NF exch def{exch dup/FID ne 1 index/UniqueID ne and{exch NF 3 1 roll put} {pop pop}ifelse}forall NF}bdf /MN{1 index length/Len exch def dup length Len add string dup Len 4 -1 roll putinterval dup 0 4 -1 roll putinterval}bdf /RC{4 -1 roll /ourvec xdf 256 string cvs(|______)anchorsearch {1 index MN cvn/NewN exch def cvn findfont dup maxlength dict CD dup/FontName NewN put dup /Encoding ourvec put NewN exch definefont pop}{pop}ifelse}bdf /RF{dup FontDirectory exch known{pop 3 -1 roll pop}{RC}ifelse}bdf /FF{dup 256 string cvs(|______)exch MN cvn dup FontDirectory exch known {exch pop findfont 3 -1 roll pop}{pop dup findfont dup maxlength dict CD dup dup /Encoding exch /Encoding get 256 array copy 7 -1 roll {3 -1 roll dup 4 -2 roll put}forall put definefont}ifelse}bdf userdict begin /BDFontDict 20 dict def end BDFontDict begin /bu{}def /bn{}def /setTxMode{av 70 ge{pop}if pop}def /gm{m}def /show{pop}def /gr{pop}def /fnt{pop pop pop}def /fs{pop}def /fz{pop}def /lin{pop pop}def end /MacVec 256 array def MacVec 0 /Helvetica findfont /Encoding get 0 128 getinterval putinterval MacVec 127 /DEL put MacVec 16#27 /quotesingle put MacVec 16#60 /grave put /NUL/SOH/STX/ETX/EOT/ENQ/ACK/BEL/BS/HT/LF/VT/FF/CR/SO/SI /DLE/DC1/DC2/DC3/DC4/NAK/SYN/ETB/CAN/EM/SUB/ESC/FS/GS/RS/US MacVec 0 32 getinterval astore pop /Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis/Udieresis/aacute /agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute/egrave /ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde/oacute /ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex/udieresis /dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls /register/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/notequal/AE/Oslash /infinity/plusminus/lessequal/greaterequal/yen/mu/partialdiff/summation /product/pi/integral/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/Omega/ae/oslash /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/radical/florin/approxequal/Delta/guillemotleft /guillemotright/ellipsis/nbspace/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide/lozenge /ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright/fi/fl /daggerdbl/periodcentered/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase /perthousand/Acircumflex/Ecircumflex/Aacute /Edieresis/Egrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Igrave/Oacute/Ocircumflex /apple/Ograve/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Ugrave/dotlessi/circumflex/tilde /macron/breve/dotaccent/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron MacVec 128 128 getinterval astore pop /fps{ currentflat exch dup 0 le{pop 1}if { dup setflat 3 index stopped {1.3 mul dup 3 index gt{pop setflat pop pop stop}if} {exit} ifelse }loop pop setflat pop pop }bdf /fp{100 currentflat fps}bdf /clipper{clip}bdf /W{/clipper load 100 clipflatness fps}bdf /fixtrans1 { dup{ic mul ic sub 1 add}concatprocs exch dup{im mul im sub 1 add}concatprocs exch dup{iy mul iy sub 1 add}concatprocs exch {ik mul ik sub 1 add}concatprocs }bdf /fixtrans2 { currentcolortransfer 5 -1 roll exch concatprocs 7 1 roll 4 -1 roll exch concatprocs 6 1 roll 3 -1 roll exch concatprocs 5 1 roll concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer }bdf end%. FreeHandDict end%. FHIODict %%EndProcSet %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup FHIODict begin FreeHandDict begin /onlyk{false}ndf /ccmyk{dup 5 -1 roll sub 0 max exch}ndf /setcmykcolor{1 exch sub ccmyk ccmyk ccmyk pop setrgbcolor}ndf /setcmykcoloroverprint{4{dup -1 eq{pop 0}if 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor}ndf /findcmykcustomcolor{5 /packedarray where{pop packedarray}{array astore readonly}ifelse}ndf /setcustomcolor{exch aload pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor pop}ndf /setseparationgray{1 exch sub dup dup dup setcmykcolor}ndf /setoverprint{pop}ndf /currentoverprint false ndf /colorimage{pop pop [5 -1 roll/exec cvx 6 -1 roll/exec cvx 7 -1 roll/exec cvx 8 -1 roll/exec cvx /cmykbufs2gray cvx]cvx image} %. version 47.1 on Linotronic of Postscript defines colorimage incorrectly (rgb model only) version cvr 47.1 le isLino and{userdict begin bdf end}{ndf}ifelse /cci1 { currentcolortransfer {ik mul ik sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {iy mul iy sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {im mul im sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {ic mul ic sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer }ndf /cci2 { {invbuf dup length magentabuf length ne {dup length dup dup /magentabuf exch string def /yellowbuf exch string def /blackbuf exch string def}if dup magentabuf copy yellowbuf copy blackbuf copy pop}concatprocs }ndf /customcolorimage{colorexists{ aload pop pop 4 array astore setimagecmyk cci1 /magentabuf 0 string def /yellowbuf 0 string def /blackbuf 0 string def cci2 {magentabuf}{yellowbuf}{blackbuf}true 4 colorimage} {pop image}ifelse}ndf /separationimage{image}ndf /newcmykcustomcolor{6 /packedarray where{pop packedarray}{array astore readonly}ifelse}ndf /inkoverprint false ndf /setinkoverprint{pop}ndf /overprintprocess{pop}ndf /setspotcolor {spots exch get 0 5 getinterval exch setcustomcolor}ndf /currentcolortransfer{currenttransfer dup dup dup}ndf /setcolortransfer{systemdict begin settransfer end pop pop pop}ndf /getcmyk { dup length 4 eq {aload pop} {aload pop spots exch get 0 4 getinterval aload pop 4 {4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat 5 -1 roll pop} ifelse }bdf /setimagecmyk{ getcmyk/ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf }ndf /autospread{pop}ndf /fhsetspreadsize{pop}ndf /strokeopf false def /fillopf false def /R{0 ne /strokeopf xdf}bdf /O{0 ne /fillopf xdf}bdf /filler{fill}bdf /F{fc fhsetcolor fillopf setoverprint false autospread gsave /filler load fp grestore false setoverprint}bdf /f{closepath F}bdf /S{sc fhsetcolor strokeopf setoverprint true autospread {stroke}fp false setoverprint}bdf /s{closepath S}bdf /B{fc fhsetcolor fillopf setoverprint gsave /filler load fp grestore sc fhsetcolor strokeopf setoverprint true autospread {stroke}fp false setoverprint}bdf /b{closepath B}bdf colorexists not{/setcolorscreen {setscreen pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop}bdf}if /fhsetcolor{dup length 4 eq {aload overprintprocess setcmykcolor} {aload 1 get spots exch get 5 get setinkoverprint setspotcolor} ifelse }ndf /settextcolor{dup fhsetcolor dup length 4 eq {onlyk{3 get 1.0 eq{true setinkoverprint}if}{pop}ifelse} {pop} ifelse }ndf /ka{/fc xdf}bdf /Ka{/sc xdf}bdf /xa{/fc xdf} bdf /Xa{/sc xdf} bdf /bc2[0 0]def /bc4[0 0 0 0]def /absmax{2 copy abs exch abs gt{exch}if pop}bdf /calcstep { colorexists not and{calcgraysteps}{maxsteps}ifelse tc1 length 4 eq { 0 1 3 {tc1 1 index get tc2 3 -1 roll get sub }for absmax absmax absmax } { bc2 tc1 1 get 1 exch put tc1 gettint tc2 gettint sub abs } ifelse mul abs round dup 0 eq{pop 1}if dup /numsteps xdf 1 sub dup 0 eq{pop 1}if /numsteps1 xdf }bdf /cblend{ tc1 length 4 eq { 0 1 3 {bc4 exch tc1 1 index get tc2 2 index get 1 index sub frac mul add put }for bc4 } { bc2 tc1 gettint tc2 gettint 1 index sub frac mul add puttint bc2 } ifelse fhsetcolor }bdf /logtaper{/frac frac 9 mul 1 add log def}bdf FHIODict begin /origmtx matrix currentmatrix def /iminv false def /invbuf{0 1 2 index length 1 sub{dup 2 index exch get 255 exch sub 2 index 3 1 roll put}for}bdf /cyanrp{currentfile cyanbuf readhexstring pop iminv{invbuf}if}def /magentarp{cyanbuf magentabuf copy}bdf /yellowrp{cyanbuf yellowbuf copy}bdf /blackrp{cyanbuf blackbuf copy}bdf /fixtransfer{ colorexists {fixtrans1 fixtrans2} {{dup 1 exch sub currentgray mul add}concatprocs currenttransfer exch concatprocs systemdict begin settransfer end}ifelse }ndf /cmykbufs2gray{ dup length 0 1 3 -1 roll 1 sub {4 index 1 index get 4 index 2 index get 4 index 3 index get 4 index 4 index get 255 exch sub ccmyk ccmyk ccmyk pop 5 mul exch 45 mul add exch 14 mul add -6 bitshift 2 index 3 1 roll put}for 4 1 roll pop pop pop }bdf end /currentpacking where{pop false setpacking}if /spots[1 0 0 0 (Process Cyan) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 1 0 0 (Process Magenta) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 1 0 (Process Yellow) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 0 1 (Process Black) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 0 0 (White) false newcmykcustomcolor ]def %%EndSetup [] 0 d 3.863708 M 1 w 0 j 0 J 0 O 0 R 0 i false eomode [0 0 0 1] Ka [0 0 0 1] ka vms u u 332.7381 298.6333 m 334.285 298.2026 336.1382 298.3145 336.1382 298.3145 C 0.2125 w S 337.7668 296.0012 m 337.7668 296.0012 L s 332.3127 296.2264 m 331.0897 295.7117 330.0329 294.7897 329.945 293.1436 C 329.8694 291.727 333.6944 293.1082 332.495 296.1589 C S 332.321 298.9692 m 332.321 298.9692 L 332.3223 298.9722 332.3198 298.9661 332.321 298.9692 C s true eomode 332.237 296.1508 m 332.237 296.1508 L 332.237 296.1508 L 334.0136 296.8985 336.1382 296.8163 336.1382 296.8163 C S false eomode 338.0808 295.3008 m 338.0808 295.3008 L 338.0808 295.3008 L s 332.022 298.4026 m 332.1349 298.5785 332.2392 298.7764 332.3249 298.9783 C 332.4058 299.1701 332.4733 299.3738 332.5256 299.5895 C 333.1781 302.2808 329.8111 303.141 329.8694 302.0333 C 329.9386 300.7171 331.3078 299.5043 332.2069 298.952 C S 332.1006 296.7207 m 331.9029 297.0036 331.5328 297.3571 331.2503 297.5985 C S 331.2503 297.5985 m 331.2224 297.6223 331.1954 297.645 331.1695 297.6665 C S 331.1695 297.6665 m 331.1695 297.6665 331.1695 297.6665 331.1695 297.6665 C S 332.8304 296.3953 m 332.8368 296.382 332.843 296.3686 332.8493 296.3552 C 332.8762 296.2976 332.9024 296.239 332.9276 296.1795 C 332.9326 296.1678 332.9376 296.1559 332.9425 296.1441 C 333.0778 295.8194 333.1888 295.4673 333.2694 295.0867 C 333.8006 292.577 329.4032 291.3231 329.3381 292.4304 C 329.2128 294.5611 330.303 295.8047 331.6723 296.5294 C S true eomode 331.6723 296.5294 m 331.8107 296.6026 331.952 296.6706 332.0951 296.7336 C 332.2399 296.7974 332.3866 296.8561 332.5343 296.9102 C 332.5343 296.9102 L 332.5343 296.9102 L 332.5532 296.9171 332.5721 296.9239 332.591 296.9307 C 334.5099 297.6172 336.5632 297.5304 336.5632 297.5304 C 336.5632 297.5304 334.3709 297.6015 332.5256 298.2083 C S false eomode 331.1695 297.6665 m 331.1695 297.6665 L s 331.6756 297.1458 m 329.4873 295.2871 325.9875 295.5959 325.8318 297.4645 C S 331.1695 297.6665 m 331.1626 297.6723 331.1557 297.6779 331.149 297.6835 C S true eomode 331.149 297.6835 m 331.149 297.6835 L 331.149 297.6835 L 331.149 297.6835 L 329.3717 299.1426 326.63 299.0693 326.4855 297.6205 C 326.6103 296.855 327.515 296.4594 328.5948 296.5049 C S false eomode 328.5948 296.5049 m 329.2568 296.5327 329.9846 296.7264 330.6388 297.1022 C S 330.6388 297.1022 m 330.8597 297.2292 331.1581 297.4016 331.3569 297.5708 C S 331.7013 297.9729 m 331.8165 298.1065 331.924 298.2497 332.022 298.4026 C S 331.8881 298.527 m 330.7194 299.0583 329.1099 300.598 329.2319 302.6708 C 329.297 303.7781 333.7393 302.7225 333.1631 300.0145 C 333.0713 299.5829 332.9414 299.1878 332.7805 298.8278 C 332.6849 298.6139 332.5784 298.4123 332.4624 298.2229 C 332.3408 298.0242 332.241 297.7431 332.1006 297.5708 C S vmrs 325.8318 297.6367 m 325.9985 299.6364 329.9894 300.2602 332.1424 297.4959 C 332.2779 297.3219 332.4061 297.1345 332.5256 296.9332 C 0.2125 w S 426.0263 297.5069 m 425.5635 294.2675 423.4001 292.7602 420.9763 291.9049 C S 420.9059 303.2504 m 423.3581 302.3995 425.5591 300.8946 426.0263 297.6239 C 426.0849 298.1456 426.2264 298.5375 426.4454 299.0131 C 426.8742 299.9438 427.6003 300.7475 428.5854 301.2723 C S 429.2172 300.752 m 427.7267 299.9728 426.6961 298.3362 426.5044 296.6303 C 426.032 293.8904 424.3099 292.4054 422.2392 291.527 C S 428.573 293.856 m 427.6138 292.9673 426.8902 291.864 426.5576 290.4944 C 425.3344 290.8384 423.6987 291.0724 422.066 291.508 C 421.5991 291.6326 421.1323 291.7737 420.6756 291.9386 C 418.2902 292.7997 416.1767 294.3096 415.72 297.5069 C S 435.3614 298.9932 m 433.5105 299.401 431.5914 300.0491 430.0646 301.0776 C 429.7903 301.2624 429.5286 301.4595 429.2823 301.6697 C 428.1877 302.6039 427.396 303.7967 427.1419 305.3197 C 425.5222 304.9244 423.0376 304.7555 420.7461 304.0515 C S 505.6081 298.3145 m 442.017 298.3071 L 442.017 298.3071 439.1917 298.2426 435.9966 298.8618 C S 435.4788 298.1901 m 433.304 298.6303 430.9677 299.4007 429.2038 300.7453 C 428.982 300.9144 428.7693 301.0925 428.5671 301.2802 C 427.6108 302.168 426.8895 303.2696 426.5576 304.6364 C 425.3415 304.2944 423.7177 304.0611 422.0944 303.6303 C S 435.5491 296.8972 m 435.5965 297.1257 435.6212 297.3646 435.6212 297.6132 C 435.6212 297.8626 435.5963 298.1011 435.5486 298.3282 C 435.5035 298.5433 435.4379 298.7481 435.3538 298.942 C 434.7272 300.3856 433.0692 301.2257 431.1263 301.2257 C 430.7572 301.2257 430.4015 301.1762 430.0624 301.0842 C S 435.2865 296.1209 m 435.5318 296.1757 435.7761 296.2264 436.0182 296.2731 C S 426.7701 297.5708 m 427.1336 296.2147 427.9641 295.0453 429.1231 294.4112 C 429.4367 294.2397 429.7744 294.1073 430.1333 294.021 C 430.4485 293.9453 430.7801 293.9051 431.1263 293.9051 C 433.0052 293.9051 434.6177 294.7455 435.2885 296.1295 C 433.4628 295.7211 431.5747 295.0691 430.0693 294.0563 C S 505.6081 296.8163 m 442.017 296.8237 L 442.017 296.8237 439.2368 296.9011 436.0506 296.2864 C 435.5869 294.4325 433.7889 293.1707 431.4451 293.2124 C 430.6468 293.1996 429.9252 293.3216 429.2877 293.5488 C 429.0223 293.6434 428.7715 293.7563 428.5358 293.8852 C 427.4801 294.4628 426.7278 295.3635 426.3278 296.3954 C S 412.4553 301.6623 m 413.5544 302.5975 414.3496 303.7926 414.6044 305.3197 C 416.1324 304.9468 418.4302 304.7753 420.6094 304.1661 C 421.119 304.0236 421.6221 303.8572 422.1073 303.6587 C 424.142 302.8263 425.8629 301.4293 426.4326 298.8652 C S 413.2322 301.33 m 414.1622 302.209 414.8629 303.295 415.1887 304.6364 C 416.3737 304.3032 417.9458 304.0731 419.5272 303.663 C S 405.6968 298.9355 m 406.162 300.7638 407.9591 301.9601 410.3012 301.9184 C 410.9985 301.9296 411.6253 301.8552 412.183 301.7059 C 412.5295 301.6132 412.8494 301.4916 413.1428 301.3436 C 414.198 300.8114 414.911 299.9388 415.295 298.8458 C S 406.4317 299.0289 m 407.0862 300.4193 408.7164 301.2257 410.6199 301.2257 C 410.9444 301.2257 411.2586 301.1875 411.5601 301.1157 C 411.9002 301.0348 412.2244 300.9113 412.5292 300.7519 C 413.7362 300.1209 414.6416 298.9275 415.0441 297.5905 C 415.137 297.9013 415.2058 298.1795 415.2419 298.5004 C 415.7173 301.2584 417.459 302.7448 419.5479 303.6209 C 420.0098 303.5011 420.4519 303.408 420.9059 303.2504 C 418.4162 302.4054 416.1932 300.9363 415.72 297.6239 C 415.6788 297.2571 415.5966 296.8967 415.4753 296.5497 C 415.092 295.4531 414.3178 294.4906 413.2089 293.8844 C S 419.5795 291.4814 m 417.9805 291.0627 416.3867 290.8313 415.1887 290.4944 C 414.8561 291.8639 414.1326 292.9671 413.1735 293.8557 C 412.9509 294.0619 412.7157 294.2566 412.4697 294.4403 C 410.6859 295.7725 408.3371 296.5309 406.1625 296.9616 C S 420.8092 291.0219 m 418.5717 290.3658 416.1792 290.1954 414.6044 289.8111 C 414.341 291.3895 413.5003 292.6133 412.3433 293.562 C 412.0715 293.7848 411.7824 293.9924 411.4792 294.1859 C 410.0716 295.084 408.3609 295.6774 406.6856 296.0692 C S 411.6123 294.0278 m 411.2948 293.9478 410.9632 293.9051 410.6199 293.9051 C 408.7413 293.9051 407.1289 294.7454 406.4579 296.129 C 406.3383 296.3757 406.2486 296.6396 406.1927 296.9192 C 406.1483 297.141 406.1251 297.3726 406.1251 297.6132 C 406.1251 297.8247 406.143 298.0284 406.1775 298.224 C S 412.3288 293.5044 m 411.7237 293.3058 411.0458 293.2004 410.3012 293.2124 C 408.0978 293.1732 406.3958 294.5117 405.8211 296.2902 C 405.7424 296.5338 405.6848 296.7857 405.65 297.0434 C 405.6081 297.3538 405.5992 297.6726 405.6262 297.9958 C S vmrs 405.8312 296.2529 m 402.6027 296.8892 399.7292 296.8237 399.7292 296.8237 C 336.1382 296.8163 L 0.2125 w S 336.1382 298.3145 m 399.7292 298.3071 L 399.7292 298.3071 402.494 298.244 405.6465 298.8421 C 405.8903 298.8883 406.1363 298.9385 406.3836 298.9929 C 408.2247 299.3985 410.1334 300.0417 411.6563 301.0606 C S 415.295 296.2957 m 416.145 293.427 417.1012 292.7895 419.5066 291.5272 C 419.9606 291.3346 420.4315 291.1711 420.9095 291.03 C 423.155 290.3671 425.5607 290.197 427.1419 289.8111 C 427.4092 291.413 428.1363 292.685 429.3201 293.6395 C S 415.0471 297.5503 m 414.9755 297.3107 414.8877 297.0757 414.7849 296.8476 C 414.7841 296.846 414.7834 296.8444 414.7827 296.8428 C 414.771 296.8169 414.7591 296.7912 414.7471 296.7655 C 414.7052 296.6764 414.661 296.5884 414.6145 296.5016 C 414.1421 295.6191 413.4385 294.8686 412.5781 294.4048 C S 429.2084 294.3889 m 429.2084 294.3889 L 430.9721 295.7317 433.3069 296.5011 435.4801 296.9409 C 435.7003 296.9854 435.9189 297.0266 436.135 297.0646 C 439.1525 297.5957 441.6983 297.6144 441.6983 297.6144 C 441.6983 297.6144 439.1988 297.6495 436.1201 298.2083 C S true eomode 405.5083 297.0825 m 402.5361 297.5939 400.048 297.6144 400.048 297.6144 C 400.048 297.6144 402.5477 297.5365 405.5291 298.0518 C 405.7787 298.0949 406.0316 298.1422 406.2867 298.194 C 408.4282 298.6292 410.7241 299.3849 412.4745 300.6941 C S false eomode 436.1201 297.0395 m 436.1524 297.6132 L 436.1696 297.8196 436.172 298.0212 436.1603 298.2173 C 436.1449 298.4748 436.1053 298.7228 436.0432 298.9601 C 435.5681 300.7745 433.7767 301.9599 431.4451 301.9184 C 430.714 301.9301 430.0473 301.8287 429.4505 301.637 C S 509.1295 296.4973 m 507.5826 296.9279 505.7294 296.816 505.7294 296.816 C S 504.1008 299.1294 m 504.1008 299.1294 L s 509.5549 298.9041 m 510.7779 299.4188 511.8347 300.3409 511.9226 301.987 C 511.9982 303.4036 508.1732 302.0223 509.3726 298.9717 C S 509.5466 296.1614 m 509.5466 296.1614 L 509.5453 296.1583 509.5478 296.1644 509.5466 296.1614 C s true eomode 509.6306 298.9798 m 509.6306 298.9798 L 509.6306 298.9798 L 507.854 298.2321 505.7294 298.3143 505.7294 298.3143 C S false eomode 503.7868 299.8298 m 503.7868 299.8298 L 503.7868 299.8298 L s 509.8456 296.7279 m 509.7327 296.552 509.6284 296.3542 509.5427 296.1523 C 509.4619 295.9604 509.3943 295.7568 509.342 295.541 C 508.6895 292.8498 512.0565 291.9896 511.9982 293.0973 C 511.929 294.4135 510.5598 295.6263 509.6607 296.1785 C S 509.767 298.4098 m 509.9647 298.127 510.3348 297.7735 510.6173 297.5321 C S 510.6173 297.5321 m 510.6452 297.5082 510.6722 297.4855 510.6981 297.464 C S 510.6981 297.464 m 510.6981 297.464 510.6981 297.464 510.6981 297.464 C S 509.0372 298.7353 m 509.0308 298.7486 509.0246 298.7619 509.0183 298.7753 C 508.9914 298.833 508.9653 298.8915 508.94 298.951 C 508.935 298.9628 508.93 298.9746 508.9251 298.9865 C 508.7898 299.3112 508.6788 299.6632 508.5982 300.0439 C 508.067 302.5536 512.4644 303.8075 512.5295 302.7001 C 512.6548 300.5695 511.5646 299.3259 510.1953 298.6012 C S true eomode 510.1953 298.6012 m 510.0569 298.5279 509.9156 298.46 509.7725 298.397 C 509.6277 298.3332 509.481 298.2745 509.3333 298.2204 C 509.3333 298.2204 L 509.3333 298.2204 L 509.3144 298.2135 509.2955 298.2066 509.2766 298.1999 C 507.3577 297.5134 505.3044 297.6001 505.3044 297.6001 C 505.3044 297.6001 507.4967 297.5291 509.342 296.9223 C S false eomode 510.6981 297.464 m 510.6981 297.464 L s vmrs 510.192 297.9848 m 512.3803 299.8435 515.8801 299.5346 516.0358 297.666 C 0.2125 w S 510.6981 297.464 m 510.705 297.4583 510.7119 297.4526 510.7186 297.4471 C S true eomode 510.7186 297.4471 m 510.7186 297.4471 L 510.7186 297.4471 L 510.7186 297.4471 L 512.4959 295.9879 515.2377 296.0613 515.3821 297.51 C 515.2573 298.2755 514.3526 298.6711 513.2728 298.6257 C S false eomode 513.2728 298.6257 m 512.6108 298.5978 511.883 298.4042 511.2288 298.0283 C S 511.2288 298.0283 m 511.0079 297.9014 510.7095 297.729 510.5107 297.5598 C S 510.1663 297.1577 m 510.0511 297.024 509.9436 296.8808 509.8456 296.7279 C S 509.9795 296.6035 m 511.1482 296.0723 512.7577 294.5325 512.6357 292.4598 C 512.5706 291.3524 508.1283 292.408 508.7045 295.116 C 508.7963 295.5476 508.9262 295.9427 509.0871 296.3027 C 509.1827 296.5167 509.2893 296.7182 509.4052 296.9077 C 509.5268 297.1064 509.6266 297.3874 509.767 297.5598 C S 516.0358 297.4939 m 515.8691 295.4942 511.8782 294.8704 509.7252 297.6347 C 509.5897 297.8086 509.4615 297.996 509.342 298.1973 C S U U vmr end % FreeHandDict end % FHIODict pse gR gS 0 0 568 818 rC 113 210 :M f195 sf .245 .024(Nobody )J 148 210 :M -.13(has )A 165 210 :M .218 .022(the )J 181 210 :M .616 .062(slightest )J 219 210 :M -.429(idea )A 239 210 :M .638 .064(how )J 261 210 :M .28 .028(anything )J 301 210 :M -.173(material )A 338 210 :M -.143(could )A 364 210 :M .051 .005(be )J 378 210 :M .283 .028(conscious. )J 425 210 :M -.022(Nobody)A 113 224 :M .399 .04(even knows what it would be like to )J 263 224 :M -.094(have )A 285 224 :M .218 .022(the )J 301 224 :M .616 .062(slightest )J 339 224 :M -.121(idea\311 )A 368 224 :M 1.25 .125(So )J 383 224 :M .602 .06(much )J 409 224 :M -.056(for )A 424 224 :M .218 .022(the )J 440 224 :M -.035(phi-)A 113 238 :M .04 .004(losophy of consciousness. \(Fodor 1992\))J 95 260 :M f147 sf -.33(One )A 118 260 :M (of )S 132 260 :M -.167(my )A 151 260 :M -.204(clearest )A 190 260 :M -.164(memories )A 240 260 :M (of )S 254 260 :M -.196(early )A 281 260 :M -.11(childhood )A 333 260 :M (finds )S 362 260 :M -.33(me )A 381 260 :M -.143(sitting )A 415 260 :M -.197(alone )A 445 260 :M -.167(in )A 459 260 :M -.334(my)A 95 275 :M -.063(bedroom at twilight when I was about five, pondering a curious )A 400 275 :M -.22(family )A 434 275 :M (of )S 448 275 :M (ques-)S 95 290 :M -.097(tions. Why does the universe exist? What if it didn\325t? What would be left over )A 467 290 :M -.327(if)A 95 305 :M -.334(it )A 105 305 :M -.047(stopped )A 146 305 :M -.147(existing? )A 192 305 :M -.123(Wouldn\325t )A 241 305 :M f206 sf -.036(something )A 294 305 :M f147 sf -.201(still )A 315 305 :M -.165(exist? )A 347 305 :M -.247(What )A 377 305 :M -.109(colour )A 412 305 :M (would )S 447 305 :M -.334(it )A 458 305 :M -.326(be?)A 95 320 :M -.164(Even )A 123 320 :M .955 .095(now, )J 153 320 :M -.22(the )A 172 320 :M -.036(questions )A 222 320 :M -.331(elicit )A 249 320 :M -.22(the )A 268 320 :M -.163(same )A 297 320 :M -.205(peculiar )A 339 320 :M -.083(twisting )A 382 320 :M -.073(sensation )A 431 320 :M -.08(from )A 459 320 :M -.334(my)A 95 335 :M -.016(stomach. And now, as then, I find the basic mystery of why )A 384 335 :M -.124(anything )A 429 335 :M -.055(exists )A 460 335 :M -.33(the)A 95 350 :M -.096(most unfathomable of all.)A 113 365 :M -.079(Probably it was fortunate for the )A 270 365 :M -.08(sake )A 295 365 :M (of )S 309 365 :M -.326(a )A 318 365 :M -.065(happy )A 351 365 :M -.11(childhood )A 402 365 :M -.249(that )A 423 365 :M -.22(the )A 441 365 :M -.165(gravity)A 95 380 :M -.111(of the second most difficult question didn\325t impress itself on me until years later:)A 95 395 :M -.132(how is it that it feel like it does )A 243 395 :M -.167(to )A 256 395 :M -.163(be )A 271 395 :M -.33(me )A 289 395 :M (\(or )S 307 395 :M -.109(anyone )A 345 395 :M -.129(else\) )A 371 395 :M -.164(if )A 382 395 :M -.249(that )A 403 395 :M -.188(feeling )A 439 395 :M (is )S 451 395 :M -.109(done)A 95 410 :M -.083(with )A 120 410 :M -.095(nothing )A 160 410 :M -.163(more )A 188 410 :M -.165(than )A 212 410 :M -.326(a )A 221 410 :M -.047(stringy )A 258 410 :M -.249(ball )A 280 410 :M (of )S 295 410 :M -.129(nerve )A 326 410 :M .404 .04(fibres, )J 362 410 :M (glia, )S 388 410 :M -.109(and )A 410 410 :M -.131(other )A 439 410 :M -.163(organic)A 95 425 :M -.092(structures made mostly of water? How can it )A f206 sf -.088(possibly )A f147 sf -.093(feel like anything?)A 113 440 :M -.092(It is unusual that )A 195 440 :M (I )S 203 440 :M -.194(agree )A 232 440 :M -.152(significantly )A 294 440 :M -.083(with )A 319 440 :M .835 .083(Fodor, )J 356 440 :M -.197(especially )A 406 440 :M -.167(in )A 419 440 :M .212 .021(print. )J 449 440 :M -.113(But )A 470 440 :M (I)S 95 455 :M -.074(think his )A 140 455 :M -.12(pessimistic )A 196 455 :M .178 .018(prognosis )J 247 455 :M -.249(that )A 268 455 :M -.163(an )A 283 455 :M -.137(unassailable )A 344 455 :M -.197(conceptual )A 398 455 :M -.109(roadblock )A 449 455 :M -.078(sepa-)A 95 470 :M -.041(rates consciousness and )A 212 470 :M -.22(the )A 230 470 :M -.288(material )A 271 470 :M (world )S 303 470 :M (is )S 315 470 :M f206 sf -.166(almost )A 350 470 :M f147 sf .212 .021(right. )J 380 470 :M -.262(After )A 408 470 :M (all, )S 427 470 :M -.04(conscious)A 95 485 :M -.196(experience )A 149 485 :M -.064(seems )A 182 485 :M -.206(entirely )A 221 485 :M -.144(different )A 266 485 :M -.08(from )A 294 485 :M -.141(mundane )A 342 485 :M -.121(features )A 384 485 :M (of )S 399 485 :M -.288(material )A 441 485 :M -.165(objects)A 95 500 :M -.249(like )A 117 500 :M (mass )S 146 500 :M (or )S 161 500 :M -.109(colour )A 196 500 :M (or )S 211 500 :M .18 .018(fuzziness. )J 264 500 :M (Such )S 293 500 :M -.165(attributes )A 341 500 :M -.204(generate )A 385 500 :M -.203(comparatively )A 456 500 :M (few)S 95 515 :M -.163(deep )A 121 515 :M -.192(metaphysical )A 187 515 :M (quandaries. )S 247 515 :M -.264(While )A 280 515 :M -.22(the )A 299 515 :M -.08(road )A 325 515 :M -.08(from )A 353 515 :M -.179(fundamental )A 416 515 :M (physics )S 457 515 :M -.163(and)A 95 530 :M -.116(chemistry to their macroscopic appearance is, )A 313 530 :M -.167(in )A 326 530 :M -.107(practice, )A 370 530 :M -.326(a )A 379 530 :M -.08(very )A 404 530 :M -.083(long )A 429 530 :M -.109(and )A 450 530 :M -.218(com-)A 95 545 :M -.097(plex one which has yet to be explored in every detail, in principle nothing stands)A 95 560 :M -.107(in the way of a complete low level account of, )A 316 560 :M .719 .072(say, )J 340 560 :M -.22(the )A 358 560 :M -.197(particular )A 406 560 :M .444 .044(bulk, )J 435 560 :M -.045(reddish-)A 95 575 :M -.087(yellow hue, and deceptively appealing fuzziness of a ripe peach. No one puzzles)A 95 590 :M -.08(over )A 120 590 :M -.22(the )A 138 590 :M -.083(question )A 182 590 :M .246 .025(\324how )J 211 590 :M -.217(can )A 231 590 :M -.326(a )A 240 590 :M -.288(material )A 281 590 :M -.22(object )A 313 590 :M -.249(like )A 334 590 :M -.326(a )A 343 590 :M -.196(peach )A 374 590 :M (possibly )S 419 590 :M -.163(be )A 435 590 :M f206 sf .355(fuzzy)A f147 sf .456(?\325.)A 95 605 :M -.113(But )A 116 605 :M (on )S 132 605 :M -.22(the )A 150 605 :M -.243(face )A 173 605 :M (of )S 187 605 :M .255 .026(it, )J 201 605 :M -.33(at )A 213 605 :M (least, )S 242 605 :M -.22(the )A 260 605 :M -.21(characteristic )A 325 605 :M -.121(features )A 366 605 :M (of )S 380 605 :M -.165(phenomenal )A 441 605 :M -.162(experi-)A 95 620 :M -.126(ence stand in nothing at all like the same sort of relationship to low level )A 438 620 :M (physics)S 95 635 :M -.106(and chemistry that renders peach fuzz so metaphysically unintriguing.)A 113 650 :M -.131(While a fuzzy peach looks )A 241 650 :M -.167(to )A 254 650 :M -.163(be )A 269 650 :M -.326(a )A 278 650 :M -.064(straightforward )A 355 650 :M -.235(example )A 398 650 :M (of )S 412 650 :M -.288(material )A 453 650 :M .113(sub-)A 95 665 :M -.092(stances )A 133 665 :M -.121(arranged )A 178 665 :M -.167(in )A 191 665 :M -.22(the )A 209 665 :M -.132(right )A 235 665 :M .722 .072(way, )J 263 665 :M -.334(it )A 273 665 :M -.066(isn\325t )A 298 665 :M -.08(easy )A 324 665 :M -.167(to )A 338 665 :M .486 .049(see, )J 362 665 :M -.163(even )A 389 665 :M -.167(in )A 403 665 :M -.065(principle, )A 453 665 :M .169(how)A 95 680 :M -.129(Nature could have built )A 209 680 :M -.111(something )A 262 680 :M -.249(like )A 283 680 :M -.326(a )A 292 680 :M f206 sf -.036(conscious )A 343 680 :M (mind )S 371 680 :M f147 sf -.111(out )A 390 680 :M (of )S 404 680 :M -.092(matter. )A 441 680 :M -.198(Taking)A 95 695 :M (as )S 110 695 :M -.326(a )A 120 695 :M (working )S 165 695 :M -.033(hypothesis )A 221 695 :M -.22(the )A 240 695 :M -.111(notion )A 275 695 :M -.249(that )A 297 695 :M -.179(fundamental )A 360 695 :M -.182(particles )A 404 695 :M (of )S 420 695 :M -.275(matter )A 455 695 :M -.329(lack)A 95 710 :M -.165(phenomenal )A 156 710 :M -.196(experience )A 210 710 :M -.072(entirely, )A 253 710 :M -.334(it )A 263 710 :M -.066(isn\325t )A 288 710 :M -.08(easy )A 313 710 :M -.167(to )A 326 710 :M -.106(see )A 345 710 :M .259 .026(how )J 370 710 :M -.109(any )A 391 710 :M -.109(set )A 408 710 :M (of )S 422 710 :M (such )S 449 710 :M -.196(parti-)A endp %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 2 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 95 82 :M f217 sf (2)S 253 82 :M -.4(C)A f158 sf -.29(HAPTER )A f217 sf -.433(O)A f158 sf -.654(NE)A 95 112 :M f147 sf -.08(cles\321however )A 170 112 :M -.165(they )A 194 112 :M -.2(might )A 225 112 :M -.163(be )A 240 112 :M .177 .018(organised, )J 295 112 :M (energised, )S 349 112 :M .401 .04(shaken, )J 391 112 :M (or )S 406 112 :M -.109(stirred\321could)A 95 127 :M -.043(somehow come to be conscious. Nevertheless, each day )A 365 127 :M (we )S 383 127 :M -.082(find )A 406 127 :M -.035(ourselves )A 455 127 :M .116(sur-)A 95 142 :M -.072(rounded by creatures who seemingly enjoy conscious )A 352 142 :M -.196(experience )A 406 142 :M -.095(without )A 446 142 :M -.129(incor-)A 95 157 :M -.123(porating )A 138 157 :M -.111(within )A 172 157 :M -.131(themselves )A 228 157 :M -.109(any )A 249 157 :M -.196(extra )A 276 157 :M -.138(\324secret )A 312 157 :M -.109(ingredients\325 )A 373 157 :M -.054(beyond )A 413 157 :M -.165(myriad )A 451 157 :M -.08(ordi-)A 95 172 :M -.08(nary )A 120 172 :M -.288(material )A 161 172 :M -.064(particles. )A 208 172 :M -.33(\(At )A 227 172 :M (least, )S 256 172 :M -.136(contemporary )A 325 172 :M -.187(science )A 363 172 :M (has )S 383 172 :M -.22(yet )A 401 172 :M -.167(to )A 414 172 :M -.092(uncover )A 457 172 :M -.163(any)A 95 187 :M -.056(such extra ingredients.\))A 113 202 :M -.262(After )A 141 202 :M -.062(years )A 170 202 :M (of )S 184 202 :M -.165(flirting )A 220 202 :M -.083(with )A 245 202 :M -.179(extravagant )A 303 202 :M .476 .048(but, )J 326 202 :M -.151(ultimately, )A 381 202 :M -.178(explanatorily )A 447 202 :M -.08(bank-)A 95 217 :M -.082(rupt )A 118 217 :M -.09(nonphysical )A 179 217 :M -.164(candidates )A 232 217 :M (for )S 250 217 :M -.326(a )A 259 217 :M -.084(solution )A 301 217 :M -.167(to )A 314 217 :M -.084(this )A 335 217 :M -.163(apparent )A 379 217 :M .192 .019(mystery, )J 426 217 :M -.082(some )A 456 217 :M (sig-)S 95 232 :M -.206(nificant )A 134 232 :M -.059(conclusions )A 194 232 :M -.163(have )A 220 232 :M -.189(finally )A 254 232 :M -.065(begun )A 287 232 :M -.167(to )A 301 232 :M -.218(emerge )A 340 232 :M -.065(which )A 374 232 :M -.247(lead )A 398 232 :M -.33(me )A 417 232 :M -.167(to )A 431 232 :M -.134(think )A 460 232 :M -.33(the)A 95 247 :M -.179(instantiation )A 157 247 :M (of )S 172 247 :M -.036(conscious )A 224 247 :M -.067(minds )A 258 247 :M (by )S 275 247 :M -.109(purely )A 310 247 :M -.288(material )A 353 247 :M -.064(structures )A 405 247 :M -.219(really )A 437 247 :M -.22(may )A 463 247 :M -.326(be)A 95 262 :M -.084(fathomable after all. This book explores some of those conclusions and the )A 452 262 :M -.165(lines)A 95 277 :M -.064(of thought behind them, constructing a story within which conscious )A 424 277 :M -.218(experience)A 95 292 :M -.112(and the material world may plausibly be unified.)A 113 307 :M -.165(Taking )A 150 307 :M -.22(the )A 168 307 :M -.084(position )A 210 307 :M -.249(that )A 231 307 :M -.075(understanding )A 302 307 :M -.22(the )A 320 307 :M -.14(puzzles )A 359 307 :M (of )S 373 307 :M -.036(conscious )A 424 307 :M -.218(experience)A 95 322 :M -.164(cannot )A 130 322 :M -.139(proceed )A 171 322 :M -.095(without )A 211 322 :M -.082(some )A 240 322 :M (grasp )S 271 322 :M (of )S 286 322 :M .259 .026(who )J 312 322 :M (or )S 327 322 :M -.081(what )A 355 322 :M -.22(the )A 374 322 :M f206 sf -.141(subject )A 412 322 :M f147 sf (of )S 427 322 :M -.04(conscious)A 95 337 :M -.196(experience )A 149 337 :M -.2(might )A 180 337 :M .518 .052(be, )J 199 337 :M (I )S 207 337 :M -.266(ultimately )A 257 337 :M -.108(defend )A 293 337 :M -.22(the )A 311 337 :M -.081(view )A 338 337 :M -.249(that )A 359 337 :M -.22(the )A 377 337 :M -.036(conscious )A 429 337 :M -.141(subject\321)A 95 352 :M -.123(the )A f206 sf -.111(I)A f147 sf -.137(\321is a materially instantiated structure of dynamically changing information.)A 95 367 :M -.129(On this account, phenomenal experience )A 289 367 :M (is )S 301 367 :M -.063(\324what )A 332 367 :M -.334(it )A 342 367 :M (is )S 354 367 :M -.249(like )A 375 367 :M -.167(to )A 388 367 :M -.106(be\325 )A 407 367 :M (such )S 433 367 :M -.326(a )A 442 367 :M -.129(chang-)A 95 382 :M -.13(ing structure. While it may be true that it )A 289 382 :M (is )S 301 382 :M -.111(not )A 320 382 :M -.257(identical )A 363 382 :M -.167(to )A 376 382 :M -.109(any )A 397 382 :M -.288(material )A 438 382 :M .208 .021(thing, )J 470 382 :M (I)S 95 397 :M -.094(suggest that a )A 163 397 :M -.036(conscious )A 214 397 :M -.167(mind )A 242 397 :M -.22(may )A 266 397 :M -.089(nonetheless )A 325 397 :M -.163(be )A 340 397 :M f206 sf -.119(implemented )A 404 397 :M f147 sf (by )S 420 397 :M -.092(matter. )A 457 397 :M .168(For)A 95 412 :M -.099(now, I will say little more about this central unifying idea, apart from noting that)A 95 427 :M -.15(information )A 154 427 :M (is )S 166 427 :M -.032(understood )A 223 427 :M -.161(here )A 247 427 :M -.167(in )A 260 427 :M -.326(a )A 270 427 :M -.055(wholly )A 308 427 :M -.101(naturalistic, )A 368 427 :M (precise, )S 410 427 :M -.109(and )A 432 427 :M -.248(objective)A 95 442 :M (sense )S 125 442 :M -.109(and )A 146 442 :M -.165(quantified )A 197 442 :M -.111(within )A 231 442 :M -.326(a )A 240 442 :M -.163(formal )A 275 442 :M -.07(framework )A 331 442 :M -.082(provided )A 377 442 :M (by )S 393 442 :M -.22(the )A 411 442 :M -.197(field )A 436 442 :M (of )S 450 442 :M f206 sf -.332(algo-)A 95 457 :M -.237(rithmic )A 133 457 :M -.151(information )A 193 457 :M .048(theory)A f147 sf .052 .005(. )J 232 457 :M -.139(Several )A 272 457 :M -.122(chapters )A 316 457 :M (of )S 331 457 :M -.15(preliminaries\321concerning )A 461 457 :M -.164(in-)A 95 472 :M -.146(formation )A 146 472 :M -.109(and )A 168 472 :M -.064(representation, )A 243 472 :M -.082(problems )A 292 472 :M (of )S 307 472 :M -.053(perspective, )A 370 472 :M -.07(functionalism, )A 444 472 :M (super-)S 95 487 :M -.127(venience, and mental states\321must be completed before much )A 389 487 :M (sense )S 419 487 :M -.217(can )A 439 487 :M -.163(be )A 454 487 :M -.215(read)A 95 502 :M -.104(into this view of the conscious subject, which doesn\325t receive full treatment until)A 95 517 :M -.197(the latter half )A 160 517 :M (of )S 174 517 :M -.141(Chapter )A 215 517 :M .833 .083(6. )J 229 517 :M -.14(Drawing )A 274 517 :M (on )S 290 517 :M -.033(resources )A 339 517 :M -.08(from )A 366 517 :M -.211(traditional )A 417 517 :M .067(philosophy,)A 95 532 :M -.058(computer science, mathematics, physics, )A 292 532 :M -.109(and )A 313 532 :M -.048(neuroscience, )A 382 532 :M -.22(the )A 400 532 :M -.111(job )A 419 532 :M (of )S 433 532 :M -.14(develop-)A 95 547 :M -.11(ing and exploring this account )A 241 547 :M -.094(amounts )A 285 547 :M -.167(to )A 298 547 :M -.326(a )A 307 547 :M -.165(full )A 327 547 :M -.14(frontal )A 362 547 :M -.093(assault )A 398 547 :M (on )S 414 547 :M -.22(the )A 432 547 :M -.22(clutch )A 464 547 :M (of)S 95 562 :M -.079(confusions which philosophers collectively refer to as \324the mind/body problem\325.)A 113 577 :M -.155(Many themes underlie this campaign )A 289 577 :M -.064(\(some )A 322 577 :M (of )S 336 577 :M -.065(which )A 369 577 :M -.233(receive )A 406 577 :M -.163(more )A 434 577 :M -.249(attention)A 95 592 :M -.036(below in section 2\), but of )A 224 592 :M -.146(paramount )A 278 592 :M -.139(concern )A 319 592 :M (is )S 331 592 :M -.167(my )A 350 592 :M -.331(aim )A 371 592 :M (of )S 385 592 :M -.182(embracing )A 438 592 :M -.22(the )A 456 592 :M -.218(rich)A 95 607 :M -.163(\324ineffable )A 144 607 :M -.195(feel\325 )A 169 607 :M (of )S 183 607 :M -.22(the )A 202 607 :M -.165(phenomenal )A 264 607 :M (world )S 297 607 :M -.131(while )A 328 607 :M -.201(still )A 350 607 :M -.146(operating )A 399 607 :M -.111(within )A 434 607 :M -.22(the )A 453 607 :M -.106(con-)A 95 622 :M -.075(straints set by the laws of physics. The method I advocate here takes the laws )A 464 622 :M (of)S 95 637 :M (physics )S 135 637 :M (as )S 149 637 :M -.132(given )A 179 637 :M -.109(and )A 200 637 :M -.165(then )A 224 637 :M -.164(examines )A 272 637 :M -.081(what )A 299 637 :M (sort )S 321 637 :M (of )S 335 637 :M -.188(picture )A 371 637 :M (of )S 385 637 :M (consciousness )S 457 637 :M -.163(and)A 95 652 :M (of )S 109 652 :M -.148(cognition )A 158 652 :M -.2(might )A 190 652 :M -.163(be )A 206 652 :M -.2(built )A 232 652 :M (up )S 249 652 :M -.111(within )A 284 652 :M -.082(some )A 314 652 :M -.07(framework )A 371 652 :M -.099(consistent )A 423 652 :M -.083(with )A 449 652 :M -.082(those)A 95 667 :M .673 .067(laws. )J 125 667 :M (In )S 139 667 :M -.131(other )A 167 667 :M 1.048 .105(words, )J 205 667 :M (we )S 223 667 :M f206 sf -.054(assume )A 262 667 :M f147 sf (for )S 280 667 :M -.22(the )A 298 667 :M -.08(sake )A 323 667 :M (of )S 337 667 :M -.093(enquiry )A 377 667 :M -.249(that )A 398 667 :M -.22(the )A 417 667 :M -.144(creatures )A 464 667 :M (of)S 95 682 :M -.069(interest, such as humans, are instantiated in a )A 312 682 :M -.109(purely )A 346 682 :M -.123(physical )A 389 682 :M (world)S 417 677 :M f228 sf (1)S 421 682 :M f147 sf -.082(\321and )A 454 682 :M -.22(then)A 95 697 :M -.094(attempt to construct a picture of how \(or whether\) those creatures could possibly)A 95 712 :M -.051(be conscious in such a world. The main )A 287 712 :M -.082(task )A 310 712 :M -.165(then )A 334 712 :M (is )S 346 712 :M -.167(to )A 359 712 :M -.247(evaluate )A 401 712 :M -.092(whether )A 443 712 :M (such )S 469 712 :M (a)S endp %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 3 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 243 82 :M f217 sf -.338(F)A f158 sf -.306(RONTAL )A f217 sf -.439(A)A f158 sf -.375(SSAULT)A 467 82 :M f217 sf (3)S 95 112 :M f147 sf -.094(picture accounts fully for the way our )A 276 112 :M -.036(conscious )A 327 112 :M -.196(experience )A 381 112 :M -.219(really )A 411 112 :M (does )S 437 112 :M -.163(seem )A 465 112 :M -.334(to)A 95 127 :M -.092(us in the actual world or )A 213 127 :M -.092(whether )A 255 127 :M -.082(some )A 284 127 :M -.15(significant )A 337 127 :M -.186(feature )A 373 127 :M (has )S 393 127 :M -.163(been )A 419 127 :M -.247(left )A 438 127 :M .057(behind.)A 95 142 :M -.249(Only )A 122 142 :M -.164(if )A 134 142 :M -.109(one )A 156 142 :M (or )S 171 142 :M -.163(more )A 200 142 :M -.15(significant )A 254 142 :M -.121(features )A 296 142 :M -.164(cannot )A 332 142 :M -.163(be )A 348 142 :M -.219(accommodated )A 423 142 :M (should )S 460 142 :M (we)S 95 157 :M -.1(then consider )A 162 157 :M -.219(rejecting )A 206 157 :M -.083(both )A 231 157 :M -.22(the )A 249 157 :M -.07(framework )A 305 157 :M -.165(itself )A 332 157 :M -.109(and )A 353 157 :M -.045(perhaps )A 394 157 :M -.163(even )A 420 157 :M -.22(the )A 438 157 :M -.189(original)A 95 172 :M -.052(assumption that consciousness exists in a purely physical world.)A 113 187 :M -.083(This )A 140 187 :M (\324world )S 178 187 :M .403 .04(first\325, )J 211 187 :M (or )S 227 187 :M (\324physics )S 273 187 :M .403 .04(first\325, )J 306 187 :M (approach, )S 359 187 :M -.065(which )A 394 187 :M -.055(begins )A 432 187 :M -.083(with )A 460 187 :M -.33(the)A 95 202 :M -.089(physical and attempts to work toward a phenomenal goal, )A 371 202 :M -.072(contrasts )A 417 202 :M -.093(starkly )A 453 202 :M -.11(with)A 95 217 :M -.094(methods )A 139 217 :M -.204(traditionally )A 199 217 :M -.161(dear )A 223 217 :M -.167(to )A 236 217 :M -.22(the )A 255 217 :M -.108(hearts )A 288 217 :M (of )S 303 217 :M .295 .03(philosophers. )J 373 217 :M -.247(More )A 403 217 :M .217 .022(often, )J 436 217 :M -.22(the )A 455 217 :M -.104(pre-)A 95 232 :M -.105(ferred )A 128 232 :M -.124(starting )A 168 232 :M -.262(place )A 197 232 :M -.123(includes )A 241 232 :M -.082(some )A 271 232 :M -.109(set )A 289 232 :M (of )S 304 232 :M -.121(features )A 346 232 :M (of )S 361 232 :M -.165(phenomenal )A 424 232 :M -.218(experience)A 95 247 :M -.095(thought )A 135 247 :M -.167(to )A 148 247 :M -.163(be )A 163 247 :M -.149(\324manifestly )A 220 247 :M -.216(clear\325 )A 250 247 :M -.167(to )A 263 247 :M -.326(a )A 272 247 :M -.072(subject\325s )A 318 247 :M -.046(introspection, )A 387 247 :M -.109(and )A 408 247 :M -.22(the )A 427 247 :M -.165(goal )A 452 247 :M (is )S 465 247 :M -.334(to)A 95 262 :M -.218(reconcile )A 141 262 :M -.065(those )A 170 262 :M -.121(features )A 211 262 :M -.083(with )A 236 262 :M -.081(what )A 263 262 :M (we )S 281 262 :M -.045(observe )A 322 262 :M -.167(in )A 335 262 :M -.22(the )A 353 262 :M -.123(physical )A 396 262 :M .202(world.)A 428 257 :M f228 sf (2)S 432 262 :M f147 sf ( )S 436 262 :M -.113(But )A 457 262 :M -.102(fre-)A 95 277 :M -.109(quently these innocuous clear beginnings lead )A 315 277 :M (on )S 331 277 :M -.167(in )A 344 277 :M -.08(very )A 369 277 :M (short )S 397 277 :M -.062(order )A 426 277 :M -.167(to )A 439 277 :M -.163(conclu-)A 95 292 :M -.114(sions clearly conflicting with what a physicalist )A 322 292 :M -.188(picture )A 358 292 :M -.217(can )A 378 292 :M -.039(deliver. )A 418 292 :M -.164(It )A 429 292 :M -.041(shouldn\325t)A 95 307 :M -.163(be )A 110 307 :M -.111(too )A 129 307 :M .482 .048(surprising, )J 185 307 :M .384 .038(however, )J 234 307 :M -.164(if )A 245 307 :M -.124(starting )A 284 307 :M -.083(only )A 310 307 :M -.083(with )A 336 307 :M -.081(what )A 364 307 :M f206 sf .234 .023(seems )J 398 307 :M f147 sf -.165(manifestly )A 452 307 :M -.326(clear)A 95 322 :M -.1(from heady introspection sometimes leads us to )A 323 322 :M -.163(places )A 356 322 :M -.065(which )A 389 322 :M -.215(are )A 407 322 :M -.167(in )A 420 322 :M -.245(fact )A 441 322 :M -.066(impos-)A 95 337 :M -.124(sible to accommodate with actual mere physics.)A 113 352 :M -.043(For instance, it is not )A 217 352 :M -.047(unusual )A 258 352 :M -.167(to )A 271 352 :M -.189(include )A 309 352 :M -.167(in )A 322 352 :M -.163(an )A 337 352 :M -.285(initial )A 367 352 :M -.249(flotilla )A 401 352 :M (of )S 415 352 :M -.033(assumptions)A 95 367 :M -.123(the notion that human minds )A 233 367 :M -.217(can )A 253 367 :M -.204(generate )A 296 367 :M -.179(arbitrarily )A 346 367 :M -.165(many )A 376 367 :M -.118(well-formed )A 438 367 :M -.111(English)A 95 382 :M (sentences, )S 149 382 :M (or )S 164 382 :M -.249(that )A 186 382 :M -.165(they )A 211 382 :M -.217(can )A 232 382 :M -.091(perform )A 275 382 :M -.166(addition )A 318 382 :M -.08(over )A 344 382 :M -.22(the )A 363 382 :M -.165(full )A 385 382 :M -.166(domain )A 426 382 :M (of )S 442 382 :M -.219(natural)A 95 397 :M .377 .038(numbers, )J 144 397 :M (or )S 158 397 :M -.249(that )A 179 397 :M -.197(their )A 204 397 :M -.165(conception )A 260 397 :M (of )S 275 397 :M -.326(a )A 285 397 :M -.199(valid )A 313 397 :M (proof )S 344 397 :M -.217(can )A 365 397 :M -.163(be )A 381 397 :M -.199(infinitely )A 428 397 :M -.039(extended.)A 95 412 :M (Likewise, )S 147 412 :M -.334(it )A 158 412 :M (is )S 171 412 :M -.111(not )A 191 412 :M -.124(uncommon )A 249 412 :M -.167(to )A 263 412 :M .2 .02(suppose )J 307 412 :M -.249(that )A 329 412 :M -.132(human )A 366 412 :M -.067(minds )A 400 412 :M -.215(are )A 420 412 :M -.08(capable, )A 465 412 :M -.334(in)A 95 427 :M -.127(principle, of perfect rationality\321in the sense of being able to find all deductively)A 95 442 :M -.199(valid )A 122 442 :M -.08(consequences )A 191 442 :M (of )S 205 442 :M -.326(a )A 214 442 :M -.109(set )A 231 442 :M (of )S 245 442 :M -.097(beliefs\321or )A 302 442 :M -.163(even )A 328 442 :M -.249(that )A 349 442 :M -.165(they )A 373 442 :M -.215(are )A 392 442 :M -.234(capable )A 432 442 :M (of )S 447 442 :M -.195(deter-)A 95 457 :M -.167(mining )A 133 457 :M -.092(whether )A 176 457 :M -.109(any )A 198 457 :M -.197(particular )A 247 457 :M -.06(proposition )A 306 457 :M .676 .068(\(say, )J 335 457 :M -.167(in )A 349 457 :M -.064(first )A 374 457 :M -.062(order )A 405 457 :M -.165(logic\) )A 438 457 :M (follows)S 95 472 :M -.109(from a given )A 159 472 :M -.109(set )A 176 472 :M (of )S 190 472 :M .305 .03(assumptions. )J 257 472 :M -.236(Despite )A 296 472 :M -.22(the )A 314 472 :M -.245(fact )A 335 472 :M -.249(that )A 356 472 :M -.111(not )A 375 472 :M -.109(one )A 396 472 :M (of )S 410 472 :M -.22(the )A 428 472 :M -.13(above )A 460 472 :M (as-)S 95 487 :M -.022(sumptions finds )A 175 487 :M (support )S 215 487 :M -.08(from )A 242 487 :M -.326(a )A 251 487 :M -.11(single )A 283 487 :M -.062(scrap )A 312 487 :M (of )S 326 487 :M -.256(empirical )A 373 487 :M -.071(evidence, )A 422 487 :M -.163(even )A 448 487 :M -.22(many)A 95 502 :M -.206(naturalistically )A 167 502 :M -.166(minded )A 207 502 :M -.027(philosophers )A 273 502 :M -.142(happily )A 313 502 :M -.221(invite )A 344 502 :M -.249(them )A 372 502 :M (on )S 389 502 :M .425 .043(board. )J 425 502 :M -.663(A )A 438 502 :M -.109(popular)A 95 517 :M -.115(justification for doing )A 201 517 :M 1.025 .103(so, )J 220 517 :M -.334(it )A 230 517 :M .425 .042(seems, )J 267 517 :M -.067(boils )A 294 517 :M .24 .024(down )J 325 517 :M -.167(to )A 338 517 :M -.326(a )A 347 517 :M -.219(belief )A 377 517 :M -.249(that )A 398 517 :M -.131(these )A 426 517 :M -.109(\324in )A 443 517 :M -.163(princi-)A 95 532 :M -.124(ple\325 ideals are what )A f206 sf -.119(really )A f147 sf -.133(need explaining, and that actual world deviations from)A 95 547 :M -.22(the )A 113 547 :M -.264(ideal )A 139 547 :M -.215(are )A 158 547 :M -.333(little )A 183 547 :M -.163(more )A 212 547 :M -.15(significant )A 266 547 :M -.165(than )A 291 547 :M -.22(the )A 310 547 :M (noisy )S 341 547 :M -.04(boundary )A 391 547 :M -.1(conditions )A 445 547 :M -.081(which)A 95 562 :M -.053(always )A 132 562 :M -.082(blur )A 156 562 :M -.219(experimental )A 221 562 :M -.136(measurements )A 293 562 :M -.079(away )A 323 562 :M -.08(from )A 351 562 :M -.22(the )A 370 562 :M -.264(ideal )A 397 562 :M -.12(predictions )A 454 562 :M (of )S 469 562 :M (a)S 95 577 :M -.011(good theory. As it happens, however, convincing reasons )A 373 577 :M (suggest )S 413 577 :M -.331(all )A 428 577 :M -.22(the )A 446 577 :M -.163(above)A 95 592 :M -.03(assumptions )A 161 592 :M -.215(are )A 182 592 :M -.129(false )A 211 592 :M (for )S 232 592 :M -.109(any )A 256 592 :M -.163(cognizer )A 303 592 :M -.132(physically )A 358 592 :M -.193(instantiated )A 418 592 :M -.167(in )A 435 592 :M -.22(the )A 457 592 :M -.326(real)A 95 607 :M -.092(world\321even though the failure of )A 260 607 :M -.245(each )A 285 607 :M (is )S 297 607 :M -.099(consistent )A 348 607 :M -.083(with )A 373 607 :M -.22(the )A 391 607 :M f206 sf -.33(appearance)A f147 sf -.349(, )A 451 607 :M -.107(from)A 95 622 :M -.104(the vantage point of the cognizer concerned, that it is true.)A 113 637 :M -.15(Many of the )A 174 637 :M -.111(mind/body )A 229 637 :M (confusions )S 285 637 :M -.065(which )A 318 637 :M -.084(this )A 339 637 :M (book )S 367 637 :M -.207(attempts )A 410 637 :M -.167(to )A 423 637 :M -.261(clear )A 449 637 :M -.105(away)A 95 652 :M -.067(find their roots in just such lavish assumptions about )A 348 652 :M -.081(what )A 375 652 :M f206 sf .234 .023(seems )J 408 652 :M f147 sf -.261(clear )A 434 652 :M -.08(from )A 461 652 :M -.164(in-)A 95 667 :M -.045(trospection. For progress to be made on the )A 305 667 :M -.219(puzzle )A 339 667 :M .224 .022(Fodor )J 372 667 :M -.056(thinks )A 405 667 :M (no )S 421 667 :M -.109(one )A 442 667 :M (should)S 95 682 :M -.163(even )A 121 682 :M -.082(hope )A 148 682 :M -.167(to )A 162 682 :M .168 .017(understand, )J 223 682 :M -.334(it )A 234 682 :M (is )S 247 682 :M -.141(helpful )A 285 682 :M (for )S 304 682 :M -.027(philosophers )A 370 682 :M -.167(to )A 384 682 :M -.132(adopt )A 415 682 :M -.326(a )A 425 682 :M -.333(little )A 450 682 :M -.218(more)A 95 697 :M -.094(modesty )A 139 697 :M -.132(about )A 170 697 :M -.197(their )A 196 697 :M .259 .026(own )J 222 697 :M -.126(capabilities, )A 283 697 :M -.101(acknowledging )A 360 697 :M -.19(that\321in )A 403 697 :M -.22(the )A 422 697 :M -.139(absence )A 464 697 :M (of)S 95 712 :M -.082(some )A 125 712 :M f206 sf -.249(argument )A 174 712 :M f147 sf -.167(to )A 188 712 :M -.22(the )A 207 712 :M (contrary, )S 255 712 :M -.109(and )A 277 712 :M -.245(mere )A 305 712 :M -.147(appearances )A 367 712 :M -.146(aside\321the )A 422 712 :M -.188(default )A 460 712 :M (as-)S endp %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 4 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 95 82 :M f217 sf (4)S 253 82 :M -.4(C)A f158 sf -.29(HAPTER )A f217 sf -.433(O)A f158 sf -.654(NE)A 95 112 :M f147 sf -.084(sumption should be that we humans are as subject to )A 347 112 :M -.22(the )A 365 112 :M -.089(constraints )A 420 112 :M (of )S 434 112 :M -.22(the )A 452 112 :M (laws)S 95 127 :M -.091(of physics as any helium atom in the core of a star or )A 348 127 :M -.109(any )A 369 127 :M -.129(fuzzy )A 399 127 :M -.196(peach )A 430 127 :M -.055(poised )A 465 127 :M -.334(to)A 95 142 :M -.058(fall from a tree. This book, I hope, marks significant moves in that direction.)A 199 172 :M f239 sf (1. S)S f217 sf (TRUCTURE AND )S f239 sf (O)S f217 sf (VERVIEW)S 95 199 :M f147 sf (In )S 110 199 :M -.081(view )A 138 199 :M (of )S 153 199 :M -.112(its )A 169 199 :M -.155(interdisciplinary )A 250 199 :M (nature, )S 288 199 :M -.22(the )A 307 199 :M -.249(text )A 329 199 :M (has )S 350 199 :M -.163(been )A 377 199 :M -.072(organised )A 428 199 :M -.167(in )A 443 199 :M -.326(a )A 454 199 :M (way)S 95 214 :M -.114(which I hope will accommodate readers with a wide variety of )A 392 214 :M -.028(backgrounds )A 457 214 :M -.163(and)A 95 229 :M -.09(personal interests )A 181 229 :M -.167(in )A 194 229 :M -.22(the )A 212 229 :M -.145(material. )A 257 229 :M .42 .042(Below, )J 296 229 :M (I )S 304 229 :M -.19(outline )A 340 229 :M -.167(my )A 359 229 :M -.207(attempts )A 402 229 :M -.167(to )A 415 229 :M -.186(package )A 457 229 :M -.102(far-)A 95 244 :M -.065(flung )A 124 244 :M -.11(topics )A 157 244 :M -.167(in )A 171 244 :M -.163(an )A 187 244 :M -.163(accessible )A 239 244 :M .722 .072(way, )J 268 244 :M -.122(describe )A 312 244 :M -.22(the )A 331 244 :M .213 .021(book\325s )J 369 244 :M -.24(anticipated )A 424 244 :M -.034(audiences,)A 95 259 :M -.101(and briefly preview each chapter.)A 95 286 :M f206 sf .101 .01(1.1 Pathways Through the Book)J 95 301 :M f147 sf -.089(Because perhaps only a )A 210 301 :M -.166(minority )A 254 301 :M (of )S 268 301 :M -.09(readers )A 306 301 :M .229 .023(whose )J 341 301 :M -.109(interests )A 384 301 :M -.109(happen )A 422 301 :M -.167(to )A 435 301 :M -.235(coincide)A 95 316 :M -.069(with my own will want to )A 221 316 :M (pursue )S 257 316 :M -.22(the )A 275 316 :M -.109(arguments )A 328 316 :M -.109(set )A 345 316 :M -.111(out )A 364 316 :M -.161(here )A 388 316 :M -.206(linearly )A 427 316 :M -.08(from )A 454 316 :M -.164(start)A 95 331 :M -.06(to finish, I have structured the book with a view )A 326 331 :M -.167(to )A 339 331 :M -.166(making )A 378 331 :M -.131(other )A 406 331 :M -.14(reading )A 445 331 :M -.162(strate-)A 95 346 :M -.11(gies as painless as possible. Especially technical remarks are typically flagged )A 465 346 :M -.334(in)A 95 361 :M -.038(advance, )A 141 361 :M -.109(and )A 162 361 :M -.167(in )A 175 361 :M -.245(each )A 200 361 :M (such )S 226 361 :M -.161(case )A 250 361 :M (I )S 258 361 :M (suggest )S 298 361 :M -.163(an )A 314 361 :M -.239(alternative )A 367 361 :M -.131(route )A 396 361 :M -.047(through )A 438 361 :M -.22(the )A 457 361 :M -.331(text)A 95 376 :M -.065(which )A 129 376 :M -.166(will )A 152 376 :M -.131(allow )A 183 376 :M -.09(readers )A 222 376 :M -.083(with )A 249 376 :M (less )S 273 376 :M -.164(interest )A 313 376 :M -.167(in )A 328 376 :M -.189(details )A 364 376 :M -.167(to )A 379 376 :M (skip )S 405 376 :M -.196(ahead )A 438 376 :M -.111(without)A 95 391 :M -.048(missing )A 138 391 :M -.234(central )A 176 391 :M .391 .039(points. )J 216 391 :M -.109(Around )A 259 391 :M (two )S 284 391 :M -.046(hundred )A 330 391 :M -.058(cross-references )A 414 391 :M -.167(to )A 430 391 :M -.219(particular)A 95 406 :M (chapters, )S 142 406 :M .182 .018(sections, )J 188 406 :M (or )S 202 406 :M -.163(page )A 228 406 :M .377 .038(numbers, )J 277 406 :M -.164(together )A 319 406 :M -.083(with )A 344 406 :M -.163(an )A 359 406 :M -.146(extensive )A 407 406 :M .212 .021(index, )J 442 406 :M (should)S 95 421 :M -.099(help those )A 147 421 :M -.166(taking )A 180 421 :M -.326(a )A 189 421 :M -.146(nonlinear )A 237 421 :M -.165(path )A 261 421 :M -.047(through )A 302 421 :M -.22(the )A 320 421 :M (book )S 348 421 :M -.167(to )A 361 421 :M -.274(locate )A 392 421 :M -.131(other )A 420 421 :M -.056(points )A 453 421 :M .113(sup-)A 95 436 :M -.047(porting key lines of thought.)A 230 431 :M f228 sf (3)S 113 451 :M f147 sf -.051(With a few exceptions, the discussions )A 301 451 :M -.139(require )A 338 451 :M -.333(little )A 362 451 :M -.167(in )A 375 451 :M -.22(the )A 393 451 :M (way )S 417 451 :M (of )S 431 451 :M -.183(specialist)A 95 466 :M -.046(background knowledge, but by no means do I intend )A 349 466 :M -.22(the )A 367 466 :M (book )S 395 466 :M (as )S 409 466 :M -.326(a )A 418 466 :M -.144(comprehen-)A 95 481 :M -.082(sive )A 119 481 :M -.138(introduction )A 181 481 :M -.167(to )A 195 481 :M -.109(any )A 217 481 :M (of )S 232 481 :M -.22(the )A 251 481 :M -.071(subdisciplines )A 323 481 :M -.065(which )A 357 481 :M -.186(feature )A 394 481 :M -.167(in )A 408 481 :M .255 .026(it, )J 423 481 :M (nor )S 445 481 :M -.167(to )A 460 481 :M -.33(the)A 95 496 :M -.111(mind/body )A 151 496 :M -.141(problem )A 195 496 :M (itself. )S 227 496 :M -.166(Although )A 276 496 :M -.167(in )A 290 496 :M -.163(places )A 324 496 :M -.22(the )A 343 496 :M -.249(text )A 365 496 :M -.201(still )A 387 496 :M -.139(reveals )A 425 496 :M (roots )S 454 496 :M -.167(in )A 469 496 :M (a)S 95 511 :M -.164(doctoral )A 137 511 :M -.024(dissertation, )A 199 511 :M -.22(the )A 218 511 :M -.121(overhead )A 266 511 :M -.219(dedicated )A 315 511 :M -.167(to )A 329 511 :M -.109(one )A 351 511 :M -.11(dissertation )A 410 511 :M -.031(favourite, )A 461 511 :M -.156(re-)A 95 526 :M -.086(views of existing literature, is substantially )A 301 526 :M -.164(reduced\321particularly )A 407 526 :M -.167(in )A 420 526 :M -.128(areas )A 448 526 :M (\(such)S 95 541 :M -.077(as representation\) where fresh perspectives are in the offing, perspectives )A 445 541 :M -.081(which)A 95 556 :M -.138(may fit only )A 156 556 :M -.034(awkwardly )A 213 556 :M (or )S 227 556 :M -.111(not )A 246 556 :M -.33(at )A 258 556 :M -.331(all )A 273 556 :M -.167(into )A 295 556 :M -.22(the )A 313 556 :M -.163(categories )A 364 556 :M -.082(provided )A 410 556 :M (by )S 426 556 :M -.249(that )A 447 556 :M -.273(litera-)A 95 571 :M .231 .023(ture. )J 122 571 :M (Likewise, )S 174 571 :M (I )S 183 571 :M -.331(aim )A 205 571 :M -.221(mainly )A 242 571 :M -.167(to )A 256 571 :M -.092(present )A 295 571 :M (views )S 329 571 :M -.03(positively, )A 385 571 :M -.188(largely )A 423 571 :M -.036(dispensing)A 95 586 :M -.083(with )A 120 586 :M -.164(cautionary )A 173 586 :M -.067(lists )A 196 586 :M -.221(detailing )A 240 586 :M -.081(what )A 267 586 :M -.165(they )A 291 586 :M f206 sf -.664(are )A 309 586 :M -.111(not )A 328 586 :M f147 sf -.109(and )A 349 586 :M -.12(contrasting )A 406 586 :M -.249(them )A 434 586 :M -.083(with )A 460 586 :M -.33(the)A 95 601 :M -.165(many similar )A 160 601 :M (cousins )S 200 601 :M (for )S 218 601 :M -.065(which )A 251 601 :M -.165(they )A 275 601 :M -.2(might )A 306 601 :M -.163(be )A 321 601 :M -.036(mistaken. )A 371 601 :M -.221(And )A 395 601 :M -.131(while )A 425 601 :M (I )S 433 601 :M -.082(hope )A 460 601 :M -.33(the)A 95 616 :M -.064(broad )A 126 616 :M -.231(collection )A 175 616 :M (of )S 190 616 :M -.132(about )A 221 616 :M -.163(five )A 244 616 :M -.046(hundred )A 288 616 :M -.128(references )A 341 616 :M -.04(provides )A 387 616 :M -.326(a )A 397 616 :M -.141(helpful )A 435 616 :M -.131(start )A 460 616 :M (for)S 95 631 :M -.09(readers )A 133 631 :M -.073(following )A 184 631 :M (up )S 201 631 :M -.197(particular )A 250 631 :M .196 .02(threads, )J 293 631 :M -.334(it )A 304 631 :M -.14(remains )A 346 631 :M -.104(far )A 364 631 :M -.08(from )A 392 631 :M -.109(complete. )A 443 631 :M (I )S 452 631 :M -.217(have)A 95 646 :M -.197(tried )A 121 646 :M -.167(to )A 136 646 :M -.132(avoid )A 168 646 :M -.22(the )A 188 646 :M -.109(\324my )A 213 646 :M -.11(bibliography )A 279 646 :M (is )S 293 646 :M -.109(bigger )A 329 646 :M -.165(than )A 355 646 :M (your )S 383 646 :M -.101(bibliography\325 )A 453 646 :M .113(syn-)A 95 661 :M -.146(drome\321the )A 155 661 :M -.08(urge )A 180 661 :M -.167(to )A 193 661 :M -.33(cite )A 213 661 :M -.22(the )A 232 661 :M -.189(kitchen )A 271 661 :M -.032(sink\321which )A 337 661 :M -.064(seems )A 371 661 :M -.167(to )A 385 661 :M -.163(be )A 401 661 :M -.072(spreading )A 452 661 :M -.216(ram-)A 95 676 :M -.166(pantly )A 129 676 :M -.047(through )A 171 676 :M -.09(populations )A 231 676 :M (of )S 246 676 :M -.092(undergraduates )A 323 676 :M -.109(and )A 345 676 :M -.039(seasoned )A 393 676 :M -.086(researchers )A 452 676 :M -.33(alike)A 95 691 :M -.096(\(perhaps under the influence of easy to use electronic abstract databases\).)A endp %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 5 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 243 82 :M f217 sf -.338(F)A f158 sf -.306(RONTAL )A f217 sf -.439(A)A f158 sf -.375(SSAULT)A 467 82 :M f217 sf (5)S 113 112 :M f147 sf -.089(As for exceptions to general accessibility, I do assume )A 373 112 :M -.24(familiarity )A 425 112 :M -.083(with )A 450 112 :M -.163(basic)A 95 127 :M -.236(logical )A 130 127 :M -.053(connectives, )A 193 127 :M (plus )S 217 127 :M -.326(a )A 226 127 :M (few )S 248 127 :M -.303(mathematical )A 314 127 :M -.109(and )A 336 127 :M -.109(set )A 354 127 :M -.219(theoretic )A 399 127 :M .555 .055(symbols, )J 448 127 :M -.109(and )A 470 127 :M (I)S 95 142 :M -.132(assume experience with the philosophical notions of )A f206 sf -.125(a priori)A f147 sf -.081(, )A f206 sf -.243(a )A 394 142 :M -.118(posteriori)A f147 sf -.15(, )A 447 142 :M -.197(inten-)A 95 157 :M .666 .067(sion, )J 123 157 :M (extension, )S 176 157 :M -.041(possible )A 219 157 :M .79 .079(worlds, )J 260 157 :M -.109(and )A 281 157 :M -.22(the )A 299 157 :M (like. )S 324 157 :M (Prior )S 352 157 :M -.219(acquaintance )A 416 157 :M -.083(with )A 442 157 :M -.131(Turing)A 95 172 :M -.206(Machines )A 144 172 :M (is )S 156 172 :M (helpful. )S 197 172 :M -.219(The )A 219 172 :M .21 .021(\324worst\325 )J 258 172 :M -.183(exception )A 307 172 :M -.052(occurs )A 342 172 :M -.167(in )A 355 172 :M -.141(Chapter )A 397 172 :M -.167(7; )A 411 172 :M -.22(the )A 430 172 :M -.109(summary)A 95 187 :M -.082(notes on the )A 156 187 :M -.142(quantum )A 201 187 :M -.146(formalism )A 253 187 :M -.11(beginning )A 304 187 :M (on )S 320 187 :M -.163(page )A 346 187 :M .714 .071(145, )J 372 187 :M (as )S 386 187 :M -.164(well )A 410 187 :M (as )S 424 187 :M -.082(some )A 453 187 :M .113(sub-)A 95 202 :M -.07(sequent sections, will be most useful for those with at least )A 377 202 :M -.326(a )A 386 202 :M (passing )S 426 202 :M -.264(familiarity)A 95 217 :M -.006(with linear algebra. However, as always, )A 294 217 :M -.065(those )A 323 217 :M -.041(portions )A 366 217 :M -.22(may )A 390 217 :M -.108(safely )A 422 217 :M -.163(be )A 437 217 :M -.054(skipped)A 95 232 :M -.066(by readers preferring to bypass the particulars, and pointers on where to pick )A 462 232 :M (up)S 95 247 :M -.081(again are of course included.)A 113 262 :M -.1(Overall, I hope the book will be enjoyable for )A 332 262 :M -.084(most )A 359 262 :M -.164(people )A 394 262 :M -.164(interested )A 443 262 :M -.167(in )A 456 262 :M -.327(ma-)A 95 277 :M -.22(terialist )A 133 277 :M -.184(cognitive )A 181 277 :M -.187(science )A 220 277 :M -.109(and )A 242 277 :M -.22(the )A 261 277 :M -.164(challenges )A 315 277 :M (of )S 330 277 :M -.075(understanding )A 402 277 :M .078(consciousness,)A 95 292 :M -.08(from )A 122 292 :M -.163(advanced )A 170 292 :M -.092(undergraduates )A 246 292 :M -.167(to )A 259 292 :M -.053(senior )A 292 292 :M -.086(researchers )A 349 292 :M -.109(and )A 370 292 :M -.065(those )A 400 292 :M (whom )S 435 292 :M -.047(publish-)A 95 307 :M (ers\325 )S 117 307 :M -.183(marketing )A 168 307 :M -.149(departments )A 229 307 :M -.147(sometimes )A 284 307 :M (dub )S 307 307 :M -.163(\324the )A 330 307 :M -.221(motivated )A 381 307 :M -.22(lay )A 400 307 :M (reader\325. )S 442 307 :M -.164(It )A 454 307 :M -.33(may)A 95 322 :M -.12(find a place in graduate seminars or as a supplementary text )A 379 322 :M -.167(in )A 392 322 :M .317 .032(philosophy, )J 453 322 :M -.106(cog-)A 95 337 :M -.15(nitive science, artificial intelligence, or artificial life.)A 95 364 :M f206 sf -.017(1.2 Chapters Summary)A 95 379 :M f147 sf -.105(The second chapter is a warm-up exercise. Taking up Dennett\325s recent )A 430 379 :M -.247(challenge)A 95 394 :M -.167(to )A 109 394 :M -.108(defend )A 146 394 :M -.22(the )A 165 394 :M -.127(philosophical )A 233 394 :M -.218(relevance )A 282 394 :M (of )S 298 394 :M -.141(zombies )A 343 394 :M -.095(without )A 385 394 :M -.094(begging )A 429 394 :M -.207(important)A 95 409 :M -.036(questions )A 144 409 :M -.132(about )A 174 409 :M -.197(their )A 199 409 :M -.22(capabilities )A 255 409 :M (\(or )S 273 409 :M -.247(lack )A 297 409 :M (thereof\), )S 343 409 :M -.22(the )A 362 409 :M -.187(chapter )A 401 409 :M -.123(includes )A 445 409 :M -.163(an )A 461 409 :M -.156(ar-)A 95 424 :M -.172(chitecturally explicit zombie construction and applies it to motivate )A 411 424 :M -.263(later )A 435 424 :M -.139(explora-)A 95 439 :M -.072(tions not of how conscious subjects )A f206 sf -.079(behave )A f147 sf -.072(but of what internal )A 399 439 :M (processes )S 449 439 :M -.082(bring)A 95 454 :M -.132(about )A 125 454 :M -.249(that )A 146 454 :M (behaviour. )S 201 454 :M -.332(Main )A 229 454 :M -.207(outcome: )A 277 454 :M -.027(nonconscious )A 347 454 :M -.141(zombies )A 391 454 :M -.083(with )A 417 454 :M -.205(external )A 459 454 :M -.16(be-)A 95 469 :M -.104(haviour indistinguishable from that of normal subjects )A 354 469 :M -.215(are )A 372 469 :M -.221(logically )A 416 469 :M .353 .035(possible, )J 463 469 :M .333(so)A 95 484 :M -.105(conscious experience requires more than the right external behaviour.)A 113 499 :M -.123(Those later explorations )A 230 499 :M (of )S 244 499 :M -.206(internal )A 283 499 :M (processes )S 333 499 :M -.109(depend )A 371 499 :M -.188(largely )A 407 499 :M (on )S 423 499 :M -.22(the )A 441 499 :M -.162(precise)A 95 514 :M -.109(and )A 117 514 :M -.22(objective )A 164 514 :M -.048(notions )A 204 514 :M (of )S 219 514 :M -.15(information )A 279 514 :M -.109(and )A 301 514 :M (of )S 316 514 :M -.14(representation )A 387 514 :M -.065(which )A 421 514 :M -.247(take )A 446 514 :M -.261(centre)A 95 529 :M -.069(stage in Chapter 3. Introducing a )A 254 529 :M -.109(purely )A 288 529 :M -.123(physical )A 331 529 :M -.081(view )A 358 529 :M (of )S 372 529 :M -.15(information )A 431 529 :M -.064(based )A 462 529 :M (on)S 95 544 :M (Gregory )S 140 544 :M -.11(Chaitin\325s )A 188 544 :M -.046(version )A 228 544 :M (of )S 243 544 :M -.21(algorithmic )A 301 544 :M -.15(information )A 361 544 :M .204 .02(theory, )J 400 544 :M -.22(the )A 419 544 :M -.187(chapter )A 459 544 :M -.16(de-)A 95 559 :M -.045(scribes )A 132 559 :M -.14(representation )A 202 559 :M -.167(in )A 215 559 :M -.22(the )A 233 559 :M -.187(general )A 271 559 :M -.161(case )A 295 559 :M -.083(with )A 320 559 :M -.326(a )A 329 559 :M -.163(formal )A 365 559 :M -.139(measure )A 409 559 :M (of )S 424 559 :M f206 sf -.222(mutual )A 461 559 :M -.164(in-)A 95 574 :M -.148(formation )A 145 574 :M -.189(content )A 183 574 :M f147 sf -.139(between )A 226 574 :M (two )S 248 574 :M -.123(physical )A 291 574 :M (objects. )S 332 574 :M -.063(\(Note )A 363 574 :M -.249(that )A 385 574 :M -.084(this )A 407 574 :M -.219(appeal )A 442 574 :M (is )S 455 574 :M -.167(to )A 469 574 :M (a)S 95 589 :M -.134(concept of information )A 206 589 :M -.065(which )A 239 589 :M -.044(differs )A 274 589 :M -.08(from )A 301 589 :M .671 .067(Shannon\325s, )J 360 589 :M (used )S 386 589 :M (by )S 402 589 :M -.187(Dretske )A 442 589 :M .201(1981.\))A 95 604 :M -.095(Along the way, I outline the modern and easily understood information )A 434 604 :M -.247(theoretic)A 95 619 :M -.046(version )A 136 619 :M (of )S 152 619 :M (G\232del\325s )S 197 619 :M -.141(incompleteness )A 276 619 :M .377 .038(results, )J 318 619 :M -.09(questioning )A 380 619 :M -.22(the )A 401 619 :M -.059(foundations )A 464 619 :M (of)S 95 634 :M -.115(claims occasionally made about incompleteness and its bearing on philosophy of)A 95 649 :M -.114(mind. Main outcome: representation is objectively linked to the physical world.)A 113 664 :M -.019(The next chapter shows why, far )A 273 664 :M -.08(from )A 300 664 :M -.081(underwriting )A 365 664 :M -.326(a )A 374 664 :M -.132(convincing )A 430 664 :M -.188(argument)A 95 679 :M -.141(against )A 132 679 :M -.027(physicalism, )A 196 679 :M -.22(the )A 214 679 :M -.12(curiosities )A 266 679 :M (of )S 280 679 :M .186 .019(Jackson\325s )J 331 679 :M -.235(example )A 374 679 :M (of )S 388 679 :M (Mary, )S 421 679 :M -.22(the )A 440 679 :M -.108(colour-)A 95 694 :M -.122(deprived )A 142 694 :M -.043(neuroscientist, )A 217 694 :M -.129(arise )A 245 694 :M -.183(naturally )A 293 694 :M -.111(within )A 330 694 :M -.326(a )A 342 694 :M -.055(wholly )A 382 694 :M -.12(physicalist )A 439 694 :M (setting.)S 95 709 :M -.164(Tricky )A 130 709 :M -.14(puzzles )A 169 709 :M (of )S 183 709 :M -.053(perspective, )A 244 709 :M (or )S 258 709 :M -.056(points )A 291 709 :M (of )S 305 709 :M .451 .045(view, )J 336 709 :M -.064(first )A 359 709 :M -.129(arise )A 386 709 :M -.14(here\321to )A 432 709 :M -.108(return )A 465 709 :M -.334(in)A endp %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 6 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 95 82 :M f217 sf (6)S 253 82 :M -.4(C)A f158 sf -.29(HAPTER )A f217 sf -.433(O)A f158 sf -.654(NE)A 95 112 :M f147 sf -.141(Chapter )A 136 112 :M -.065(6\321and )A 176 112 :M -.22(the )A 195 112 :M -.137(relationship )A 255 112 :M -.139(between )A 299 112 :M -.199(logic )A 327 112 :M -.109(and )A 349 112 :M -.22(the )A 368 112 :M -.132(physically )A 421 112 :M -.21(instantiated)A 95 127 :M -.108(cognizers )A 144 127 :M (using )S 175 127 :M -.334(it )A 186 127 :M -.165(merits )A 220 127 :M -.129(brief )A 247 127 :M .2 .02(remarks. )J 294 127 :M -.332(Main )A 323 127 :M -.207(outcome: )A 371 127 :M -.22(the )A 390 127 :M -.163(same )A 419 127 :M -.165(information)A 95 142 :M -.154(may be physically instantiated )A 240 142 :M -.167(in )A 253 142 :M -.165(many )A 283 142 :M -.166(distinct )A 321 142 :M .246 .025(ways )J 350 142 :M -.109(and )A 371 142 :M -.083(with )A 396 142 :M -.145(disparate )A 442 142 :M -.218(ramifi-)A 95 157 :M -.099(cations for conscious experience; Mary\325s ignorance before seeing red for )A 442 157 :M -.107(herself)A 95 172 :M -.074(is not a matter of information, but of state.)A 113 187 :M -.141(Chapter )A 155 187 :M (5 )S 166 187 :M -.124(outlines )A 208 187 :M -.326(a )A 218 187 :M (new )S 243 187 :M -.163(formal )A 279 187 :M -.07(framework )A 336 187 :M (for )S 355 187 :M -.075(understanding )A 427 187 :M -.183(functional)A 95 202 :M .558 .056(systems. )J 141 202 :M -.041(Problems )A 190 202 :M (of )S 204 202 :M -.303(mathematical )A 269 202 :M -.232(triviality )A 313 202 :M -.205(threaten )A 355 202 :M -.211(traditional )A 407 202 :M -.096(approaches )A 465 202 :M -.334(to)A 95 217 :M -.105(functionalism based on )A 208 217 :M -.179(correlation )A 262 217 :M (or )S 276 217 :M -.019(correspondence, )A 358 217 :M -.131(while )A 388 217 :M -.194(teleofunctionalism)A 95 232 :M -.08(requires )A 137 232 :M -.067(links )A 164 232 :M -.167(to )A 177 232 :M -.129(facts )A 204 232 :M -.165(historically )A 261 232 :M -.14(removed )A 307 232 :M -.08(from )A 335 232 :M -.22(the )A 354 232 :M -.055(system )A 392 232 :M -.167(in )A 406 232 :M .178 .018(question, )J 455 232 :M -.104(ren-)A 95 247 :M -.109(dering )A 129 247 :M -.334(it )A 139 247 :M -.163(more )A 167 247 :M -.165(suitable )A 207 247 :M (for )S 226 247 :M -.036(questions )A 276 247 :M -.249(like )A 298 247 :M .246 .025(\324why )J 328 247 :M (is )S 341 247 :M -.084(this )A 363 247 :M -.147(component )A 420 247 :M -.161(here?\325 )A 454 247 :M -.22(than)A 95 262 :M -.065(those )A 124 262 :M -.249(like )A 145 262 :M .246 .025(\324how )J 174 262 :M (does )S 200 262 :M -.084(this )A 222 262 :M -.055(system )A 260 262 :M .602 .06(work?\325. )J 303 262 :M -.083(This )A 329 262 :M -.107(chapter\325s )A 377 262 :M -.22(objective )A 424 262 :M -.166(method )A 464 262 :M (of)S 95 277 :M -.08(functional decomposition, using a )A 259 277 :M -.163(formal )A 294 277 :M -.139(measure )A 337 277 :M (of )S 351 277 :M (process )S 391 277 :M -.199(complexity )A 447 277 :M -.329(called)A 95 292 :M f206 sf -.115(functional logical depth)A f147 sf -.122( \(inspired by work )A 297 292 :M (of )S 311 292 :M -.19(Chaitin )A 349 292 :M -.109(and )A 370 292 :M -.093(Charles )A 410 292 :M -.035(Bennett\), )A 458 292 :M -.215(cir-)A 95 307 :M -.132(cumvents both difficulties. Main outcome: the )A 315 307 :M -.092(revised )A 353 307 :M -.152(functionalism )A 421 307 :M (is )S 433 307 :M .259 .026(now )J 458 307 :M (ob-)S 95 322 :M -.081(jective and better disposed for explanatory work.)A 113 337 :M -.221(Within )A 150 337 :M -.326(a )A 160 337 :M -.189(context )A 200 337 :M -.145(featuring )A 248 337 :M -.109(arguments )A 303 337 :M -.132(about )A 335 337 :M -.045(supervenience, )A 412 337 :M -.025(perspectives,)A 95 352 :M -.109(and )A 116 352 :M -.276(mental )A 151 352 :M .203 .02(states, )J 185 352 :M -.141(Chapter )A 226 352 :M (6 )S 236 352 :M -.124(outlines )A 277 352 :M -.22(the )A 295 352 :M -.064(first )A 318 352 :M -.099(components )A 379 352 :M (of )S 393 352 :M -.326(a )A 403 352 :M -.109(theory )A 438 352 :M (of )S 453 352 :M -.106(con-)A 95 367 :M .173 .017(sciousness )J 152 367 :M -.064(based )A 185 367 :M (on )S 203 367 :M -.22(the )A 223 367 :M f206 sf .242 .024(self )J 246 367 :M .112(model)A f147 sf .105 .01(, )J 285 367 :M -.326(a )A 296 367 :M -.264(materially )A 348 367 :M -.193(instantiated )A 408 367 :M -.189(dynamic )A 455 367 :M -.329(data)A 95 382 :M -.108(structure )A 140 382 :M -.065(which )A 173 382 :M -.139(emerges )A 216 382 :M (as )S 230 382 :M -.326(a )A 239 382 :M -.074(promising )A 292 382 :M -.219(candidate )A 341 382 :M (for )S 360 382 :M -.22(the )A 379 382 :M -.163(seat )A 402 382 :M (of )S 417 382 :M -.183(phenomenal)A 95 397 :M -.087(experience. )A 153 397 :M -.331(On )A 171 397 :M -.084(this )A 192 397 :M .451 .045(view, )J 223 397 :M -.109(one )A 244 397 :M -.221(motivated )A 294 397 :M (by )S 310 397 :M -.22(the )A 328 397 :M -.163(need )A 354 397 :M (for )S 372 397 :M -.326(a )A 381 397 :M -.197(conceptual )A 436 397 :M -.167(link )A 459 397 :M -.16(be-)A 95 412 :M -.033(tween consciousness )A 198 412 :M -.109(and )A 219 412 :M -.22(the )A 237 412 :M -.288(material )A 278 412 :M (world )S 310 412 :M -.22(yet )A 328 412 :M -.04(grounded )A 377 412 :M -.24(empirically )A 433 412 :M -.109(and )A 454 412 :M (thus)S 95 427 :M -.081(falsifiable, )A 149 427 :M -.036(conscious )A 200 427 :M -.196(experience )A 254 427 :M (is )S 267 427 :M -.063(\324what )A 299 427 :M -.334(it )A 310 427 :M (is )S 323 427 :M -.249(like )A 345 427 :M -.167(to )A 359 427 :M -.106(be\325 )A 379 427 :M -.326(a )A 389 427 :M -.197(particular )A 438 427 :M -.083(kind )A 464 427 :M (of)S 95 442 :M -.152(changing data )A 164 442 :M (structure. )S 213 442 :M -.219(The )A 235 442 :M -.08(self )A 256 442 :M (is )S 268 442 :M -.111(not )A 287 442 :M -.257(identical )A 330 442 :M -.167(to )A 343 442 :M -.109(any )A 364 442 :M (of )S 378 442 :M -.065(those )A 407 442 :M -.123(physical )A 450 442 :M -.218(com-)A 95 457 :M -.047(ponents )A 136 457 :M -.099(underlying )A 191 457 :M .255 .026(it, )J 205 457 :M -.22(yet )A 223 457 :M -.334(it )A 233 457 :M (is )S 245 457 :M -.241(implemented )A 309 457 :M (by )S 325 457 :M -.266(them; )A 355 457 :M f206 sf (I )S 363 457 :M -.331(am )A 381 457 :M -1(a )A 390 457 :M .242 .024(self )J 412 457 :M .103(model.)A f147 sf .057 .006( )J 450 457 :M -.442(Main)A 95 472 :M -.207(outcome: )A 142 472 :M -.166(taking )A 175 472 :M -.22(the )A 193 472 :M -.188(concept )A 234 472 :M -.083(with )A 260 472 :M -.163(an )A 276 472 :M -.148(appropriate )A 334 472 :M (intension, )S 386 472 :M (consciousness )S 459 472 :M .17(su-)A 95 487 :M -.076(pervenes logically on the physical world, with the self model as link.)A 113 502 :M -.165(Taking )A 151 502 :M -.326(a )A 161 502 :M -.129(brief )A 188 502 :M -.082(side )A 212 502 :M -.165(trip )A 233 502 :M -.167(to )A 247 502 :M -.054(debunk )A 287 502 :M -.326(a )A 297 502 :M -.184(competing )A 351 502 :M -.064(class )A 379 502 :M (of )S 394 502 :M (theories, )S 440 502 :M -.22(the )A 459 502 :M .17(so-)A 95 517 :M -.087(called \324quantum theories of consciousness\325, the next chapter )A 383 517 :M -.071(describes )A 431 517 :M -.22(the )A 449 517 :M .115(work)A 95 532 :M (of )S 109 532 :M -.111(Roland )A 147 532 :M -.198(Omn\217s )A 184 532 :M -.109(and )A 205 532 :M -.22(the )A 223 532 :M -.131(mechanisms )A 285 532 :M (of )S 299 532 :M f206 sf -.301(interactive )A 351 532 :M -.239(decoherence )A 413 532 :M f147 sf .423 .042(which, )J 450 532 :M -.163(auto-)A 95 547 :M -.215(matically and extremely )A 210 547 :M -.108(efficiently, )A 265 547 :M -.294(eliminate )A 311 547 :M -.22(the )A 329 547 :M -.163(need )A 355 547 :M (for )S 373 547 :M -.326(a )A 382 547 :M -.036(conscious )A 433 547 :M -.044(observer)A 95 562 :M -.167(in )A 108 562 :M -.142(quantum )A 153 562 :M -.182(mechanics )A 206 562 :M -.109(and )A 227 562 :M -.181(guarantee )A 276 562 :M -.249(that )A 297 562 :M -.188(special )A 334 562 :M -.142(quantum )A 380 562 :M -.138(effects )A 416 562 :M -.215(are )A 435 562 :M -.207(virtually)A 95 577 :M -.12(nonexistent )A 153 577 :M -.33(at )A 165 577 :M -.22(the )A 183 577 :M -.165(levels )A 214 577 :M (of )S 228 577 :M -.12(description )A 284 577 :M -.062(where )A 318 577 :M -.165(they )A 343 577 :M -.215(are )A 362 577 :M -.147(sometimes )A 417 577 :M -.207(imagined )A 465 577 :M -.334(to)A 95 592 :M -.104(feature in the human brain. As a bonus, interactive decoherence accounts )A 442 592 :M (for )S 460 592 :M -.33(the)A 95 607 :M -.257(automatic )A 145 607 :M -.218(emergence )A 200 607 :M (of )S 215 607 :M -.164(apparently )A 269 607 :M -.203(deterministic )A 334 607 :M -.131(quasi-classical )A 407 607 :M -.235(reality )A 441 607 :M -.08(from )A 469 607 :M (a)S 95 622 :M -.142(quantum )A 141 622 :M .176 .018(substrate. )J 192 622 :M -.332(Main )A 221 622 :M -.207(outcome: )A 269 622 :M -.142(quantum )A 315 622 :M (physics )S 356 622 :M -.046(doesn\325t )A 396 622 :M -.163(need )A 423 622 :M -.035(conscious-)A 95 637 :M .006 .001(ness, and consciousness doesn\325t need quantum physics.)J 113 652 :M -.131(Where Chapter 6 focused mainly on the conceptual territory between the )A 457 652 :M -.107(self)A 95 667 :M -.041(model and supervening consciousness, Chapter 8 sets out )A 372 667 :M -.167(in )A 385 667 :M -.22(the )A 403 667 :M -.083(opposite )A 447 667 :M -.195(direc-)A 95 682 :M -.054(tion, from the self model down )A 246 682 :M -.053(toward )A 283 682 :M -.22(the )A 301 682 :M .226 .023(sorts )J 328 682 :M (of )S 342 682 :M -.063(lower )A 373 682 :M -.264(level )A 399 682 :M -.176(materials\321neu-)A 95 697 :M -.086(ral tissue, in the case of humans and other terrestrial life forms\321which )A 434 697 :M -.22(may )A 458 697 :M -.331(im-)A 95 712 :M -.078(plement such data structures. )A 236 712 :M -.262(After )A 264 712 :M -.143(tidying )A 301 712 :M -.22(the )A 319 712 :M -.15(information )A 378 712 :M -.219(theoretic )A 422 712 :M -.131(description)A endp %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 7 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 243 82 :M f217 sf -.338(F)A f158 sf -.306(RONTAL )A f217 sf -.439(A)A f158 sf -.375(SSAULT)A 467 82 :M f217 sf (7)S 95 112 :M f147 sf (of )S 109 112 :M -.08(self )A 130 112 :M -.11(models )A 168 112 :M -.132(given )A 198 112 :M -.167(in )A 211 112 :M -.141(Chapter )A 253 112 :M (6 )S 264 112 :M -.109(and )A 286 112 :M -.12(introducing )A 345 112 :M -.131(basic )A 374 112 :M -.067(tools )A 402 112 :M -.08(from )A 430 112 :M -.08(neurosci-)A 95 127 :M (ence, )S 126 127 :M -.22(the )A 146 127 :M -.187(chapter )A 186 127 :M .669 .067(shows )J 223 127 :M .259 .026(how )J 250 127 :M -.109(one )A 274 127 :M -.197(particular )A 325 127 :M -.12(research )A 371 127 :M -.031(programme, )A 436 127 :M -.11(Stephen)A 95 142 :M .49 .049(Grossberg\325s )J 158 142 :M -.206(adaptive )A 201 142 :M -.107(resonance )A 252 142 :M .204 .02(theory, )J 290 142 :M -.062(bears )A 319 142 :M -.197(especially )A 369 142 :M (on )S 386 142 :M -.22(the )A 405 142 :M -.082(task )A 429 142 :M (of )S 444 142 :M -.264(imple-)A 95 157 :M -.103(menting self models in real neural systems. Main )A 330 157 :M -.207(outcome: )A 377 157 :M -.22(the )A 395 157 :M -.132(right )A 421 157 :M -.163(neural )A 454 157 :M .224(sys-)A 95 172 :M -.165(tems )A 121 172 :M -.217(can )A 141 172 :M (do )S 157 172 :M -.22(the )A 175 172 :M -.164(representational )A 253 172 :M .246 .025(work )J 282 172 :M -.065(which )A 315 172 :M -.08(self )A 336 172 :M -.11(models )A 374 172 :M (require, )S 416 172 :M -.109(and )A 438 172 :M -.245(real )A 460 172 :M (or-)S 95 187 :M -.102(ganisms may plausibly have evolved so as to implement them.)A 113 202 :M -.094(Turning )A 155 202 :M -.08(from )A 182 202 :M -.184(cognitive )A 229 202 :M -.11(models )A 267 202 :M -.167(to )A 280 202 :M -.22(the )A 298 202 :M -.303(mathematical )A 363 202 :M -.021(presuppositions )A 443 202 :M -.062(under-)A 95 217 :M -.106(lying them, Chapter 9 examines the )A 266 217 :M -.137(relationship )A 325 217 :M -.139(between )A 368 217 :M -.11(models )A 406 217 :M -.109(and )A 427 217 :M -.108(properties)A 95 232 :M -.109(of the physical )A 168 232 :M (systems )S 210 232 :M -.132(being )A 240 232 :M -.073(modelled. )A 291 232 :M (In )S 305 232 :M -.088(particular, )A 357 232 :M -.22(the )A 375 232 :M -.187(chapter )A 413 232 :M -.164(examines )A 461 232 :M -.156(re-)A 95 247 :M -.247(cent )A 118 247 :M .246 .025(work )J 147 247 :M (by )S 163 247 :M -.079(Hava )A 192 247 :M -.165(Siegelmann )A 251 247 :M -.109(and )A 272 247 :M -.093(Eduardo )A 316 247 :M -.055(Sontag )A 354 247 :M -.033(suggesting )A 410 247 :M -.249(that )A 432 247 :M -.188(analogue)A 95 262 :M -.11(models )A 135 262 :M -.052(\(based )A 172 262 :M (on )S 190 262 :M -.22(the )A 210 262 :M -.245(real )A 233 262 :M -.039(numbers\) )A 284 262 :M -.22(may )A 310 262 :M -.094(display )A 350 262 :M -.204(computational )A 422 262 :M -.24(capabilities)A 95 277 :M -.065(which )A 128 277 :M -.217(exceed )A 164 277 :M -.065(those )A 193 277 :M (of )S 207 277 :M -.237(digital )A 240 277 :M -.11(models )A 278 277 :M -.052(\(based )A 313 277 :M (on )S 329 277 :M -.22(the )A 348 277 :M -.206(rational )A 388 277 :M .361 .036(numbers\). )J 442 277 :M -.165(To )A 460 277 :M -.33(the)A 95 292 :M -.22(extent )A 128 292 :M -.249(that )A 150 292 :M -.22(the )A 169 292 :M (two )S 192 292 :M .226 .023(sorts )J 220 292 :M (of )S 235 292 :M -.11(models )A 274 292 :M -.107(differ )A 305 292 :M -.167(in )A 319 292 :M -.197(their )A 346 292 :M -.126(capabilities, )A 408 292 :M -.163(an )A 425 292 :M -.165(interesting)A 95 307 :M -.103(question then arises as to whether one or the other makes for a better match )A 453 307 :M -.11(with)A 95 322 :M -.081(reality. )A 132 322 :M -.332(Main )A 160 322 :M -.207(outcome: )A 207 322 :M -.122(contrary )A 250 322 :M -.167(to )A 263 322 :M -.093(popular )A 303 322 :M .212 .021(dogma, )J 344 322 :M -.22(the )A 363 322 :M -.219(choice )A 398 322 :M (of )S 413 322 :M -.109(number )A 454 322 :M .224(sys-)A 95 337 :M -.165(tems )A 121 337 :M (does )S 147 337 :M -.247(make )A 176 337 :M -.326(a )A 185 337 :M -.162(difference )A 236 337 :M (for )S 254 337 :M -.11(models )A 292 337 :M (of )S 306 337 :M -.184(cognitive )A 354 337 :M .558 .056(systems, )J 401 337 :M -.111(but )A 421 337 :M -.22(the )A 440 337 :M -.094(signifi-)A 95 352 :M -.104(cance of that difference for the real world has yet to be established.)A 113 367 :M -.057(Finally, Chapter 10 recaps some of )A 283 367 :M -.22(the )A 301 367 :M -.109(text\325s )A 331 367 :M -.234(central )A 366 367 :M -.165(themes )A 403 367 :M -.109(and )A 424 367 :M -.162(reflects )A 462 367 :M (on)S 95 382 :M -.22(the )A 113 382 :M -.091(broader )A 153 382 :M -.164(significance )A 213 382 :M (of )S 227 382 :M -.22(the )A 245 382 :M -.111(mind/body )A 300 382 :M -.141(problem )A 343 382 :M (for )S 362 382 :M -.075(understanding )A 434 382 :M .259 .026(who )J 460 382 :M (we)S 95 397 :M .253 .025(are, )J 117 397 :M (as )S 131 397 :M -.121(individuals )A 187 397 :M -.109(and )A 208 397 :M (as )S 222 397 :M -.326(a )A 231 397 :M -.102(civilisation. )A 290 397 :M -.164(It )A 301 397 :M -.04(finishes )A 343 397 :M -.083(with )A 369 397 :M -.082(some )A 399 397 :M -.183(remaining )A 451 397 :M -.109(open)A 95 412 :M -.054(questions and possible directions for future research.)A 113 427 :M -.092(Readers )A 155 427 :M .259 .026(who )J 180 427 :M -.082(find )A 203 427 :M -.167(my )A 222 427 :M -.207(attempts )A 265 427 :M -.167(in )A 278 427 :M -.245(each )A 303 427 :M (of )S 317 427 :M -.131(these )A 345 427 :M -.122(chapters )A 388 427 :M -.167(to )A 402 427 :M -.189(situate )A 437 427 :M -.22(the )A 456 427 :M (dis-)S 95 442 :M (cussion )S 135 442 :M -.111(within )A 169 442 :M -.163(an )A 184 442 :M -.188(overall )A 220 442 :M -.188(picture )A 256 442 :M -.326(a )A 266 442 :M -.333(little )A 291 442 :M -.111(too )A 311 442 :M -.045(obscure )A 353 442 :M -.2(might )A 385 442 :M -.082(also )A 409 442 :M -.081(want )A 437 442 :M -.167(to )A 451 442 :M -.112(skim)A 95 457 :M -.047(through )A 136 457 :M -.249(that )A 157 457 :M -.165(last )A 177 457 :M -.107(chapter\325s )A 224 457 :M -.141(section )A 262 457 :M .833 .083(2, )J 277 457 :M -.124(starting )A 317 457 :M (on )S 334 457 :M -.163(page )A 361 457 :M .714 .071(243, )J 388 457 :M .423 .042(which, )J 426 457 :M -.166(unlike )A 460 457 :M -.33(the)A 95 472 :M -.022(above summary, )A 178 472 :M .204 .02(surveys )J 219 472 :M -.22(the )A 237 472 :M -.183(principal )A 282 472 :M -.137(developments )A 351 472 :M (of )S 365 472 :M -.245(each )A 390 472 :M (discussion )S 444 472 :M (on )S 460 472 :M -.33(the)A 95 487 :M -.124(assumption that readers will already have acquired some familiarity with them.)A 172 517 :M f239 sf .235 .024(2. U)J f217 sf .457 .046(NDERLYING )J f239 sf .117(T)A f217 sf .303 .03(HEMES AND )J f239 sf .17(M)A f217 sf .118(ETHODS)A 95 544 :M f147 sf -.166(Although )A 143 544 :M -.22(the )A 161 544 :M (book )S 189 544 :M -.163(treats )A 218 544 :M -.165(many )A 248 544 :M -.166(distinct )A 286 544 :M .199 .02(topics, )J 322 544 :M -.331(all )A 337 544 :M -.215(are )A 355 544 :M -.166(united )A 389 544 :M -.083(both )A 415 544 :M -.167(in )A 429 544 :M -.22(the )A 448 544 :M (sense)S 95 559 :M -.135(that they relate to some aspect of the mind/body problem )A 365 559 :M -.109(and )A 386 559 :M -.167(in )A 399 559 :M -.131(terms )A 429 559 :M (of )S 443 559 :M -.062(under-)A 95 574 :M -.061(lying themes. Below I begin )A 233 574 :M -.083(with )A 258 574 :M -.326(a )A 267 574 :M -.264(theme )A 299 574 :M (I )S 307 574 :M -.192(specifically )A 364 574 :M -.284(attempt )A 402 574 :M -.167(to )A 415 574 :M -.082(sidestep )A 457 574 :M -.163(and)A 95 589 :M -.165(move )A 125 589 :M (on )S 141 589 :M -.167(to )A 154 589 :M (two )S 176 589 :M -.163(more )A 205 589 :M -.124(positive )A 247 589 :M .671 .067(ones. )J 278 589 :M -.092(Readers )A 321 589 :M (less )S 344 589 :M -.164(interested )A 394 589 :M -.167(in )A 408 589 :M -.219(comparatively)A 95 604 :M -.073(dull methodological issues should skip ahead to section 3 below.)A 95 631 :M f206 sf -.098(2.1 Dynamics and Computation)A 95 646 :M f147 sf -.33(One )A 118 646 :M -.105(fracas )A 150 646 :M (I )S 158 646 :M -.082(hope )A 185 646 :M -.167(to )A 198 646 :M -.132(avoid )A 228 646 :M (is )S 240 646 :M -.22(the )A 258 646 :M (war )S 281 646 :M -.109(raging )A 316 646 :M -.139(between )A 360 646 :M -.145(advocates )A 411 646 :M (of )S 426 646 :M -.248(dynamical)A 95 661 :M -.126(and computational methods in cognitive science. )A 327 661 :M -.499(At )A 342 661 :M -.326(a )A 351 661 :M -.218(recent )A 383 661 :M .376 .038(workshop )J 435 661 :M -.165(marking)A 95 676 :M -.072(the opening of Sussex University\325s Centre for Computational )A 389 676 :M -.107(Neuroscience )A 457 676 :M -.163(and)A 95 691 :M -.012(Robotics, for example, I )A 215 691 :M .264 .026(was )J 238 691 :M -.065(astonished )A 292 691 :M -.33(at )A 304 691 :M -.22(the )A 322 691 :M -.109(number )A 362 691 :M (of )S 376 691 :M -.165(participants )A 434 691 :M .259 .026(who )J 459 691 :M -.16(ap-)A 95 706 :M -.162(peared )A 130 706 :M -.199(quite )A 157 706 :M -.123(abruptly )A 200 706 :M -.167(to )A 213 706 :M -.163(have )A 239 706 :M -.108(rediscovered )A 303 706 :M -.22(dynamical )A 355 706 :M (systems )S 397 706 :M -.109(and )A 418 706 :M -.077(were )A 445 706 :M -.064(vigor-)A endp %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 8 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 95 82 :M f217 sf (8)S 253 82 :M -.4(C)A f158 sf -.29(HAPTER )A f217 sf -.433(O)A f158 sf -.654(NE)A 95 112 :M f147 sf (ously )S 125 112 :M -.111(promoting )A 178 112 :M -.326(a )A 187 112 :M -.22(dynamical )A 239 112 :M -.121(approach )A 286 112 :M -.167(to )A 299 112 :M -.263(artificial )A 341 112 :M -.247(life )A 360 112 :M -.109(and )A 381 112 :M -.234(related )A 416 112 :M -.109(fields )A 446 112 :M (as )S 460 112 :M -.33(the)A 95 127 :M -.104(greatest new advance\321perhaps \324revelation\325 would be )A 352 127 :M -.163(more )A 380 127 :M -.166(fitting\321in )A 433 127 :M (decades.)S 95 142 :M -.117(Worse than the )A 170 142 :M -.109(hype)A 193 137 :M f228 sf (4)S 197 142 :M f147 sf ( )S 201 142 :M .264 .026(was )J 224 142 :M -.22(the )A 242 142 :M -.066(impression )A 298 142 :M -.249(that )A 319 142 :M -.109(one )A 340 142 :M (should )S 376 142 :M -.163(be )A 391 142 :M -.15(exclusively )A 448 142 :M -.263(either)A 95 157 :M -.154(dynamicist or computationalist )A 243 157 :M -.109(and )A 264 157 :M -.249(that )A 285 157 :M (for )S 303 157 :M -.22(the )A 321 157 :M -.08(sake )A 346 157 :M (of )S 360 157 :M -.197(scientific )A 406 157 :M -.11(purity )A 438 157 :M -.22(the )A 456 157 :M (two)S 95 172 :M -.084(must )A 123 172 :M -.111(not )A 143 172 :M -.163(be )A 159 172 :M -.189(mixed\321a )A 210 172 :M -.111(notion )A 245 172 :M -.08(asserted )A 288 172 :M -.083(with )A 314 172 :M -.21(characteristic )A 380 172 :M -.218(vehemence )A 437 172 :M (by )S 455 172 :M -.499(Tim)A 95 187 :M .179 .018(Smithers, )J 145 187 :M -.22(the )A 163 187 :M -.164(well )A 187 187 :M .224 .022(known )J 224 187 :M -.117(\324non-representationalist\325 )A 343 187 :M -.132(roboticist )A 391 187 :M -.08(from )A 418 187 :M -.22(the )A 437 187 :M -.052(Univer-)A 95 202 :M -.084(sity )A 116 202 :M (of )S 130 202 :M -.22(the )A 148 202 :M -.054(Basque )A 187 202 :M .372 .037(Country. )J 234 202 :M (I )S 242 202 :M -.109(hardly )A 276 202 :M -.129(dared )A 306 202 :M -.129(raise )A 332 202 :M -.326(a )A 341 202 :M -.197(voice )A 370 202 :M (for )S 388 202 :M -.326(a )A 397 202 :M -.055(hybrid )A 432 202 :M -.081(view )A 460 202 :M (for)S 95 217 :M -.057(fear of witnessing my own public stoning!)A 113 232 :M -.098(Typically, )A 165 232 :M -.209(allegiances )A 220 232 :M -.167(to )A 233 232 :M -.326(a )A 242 232 :M -.197(particular )A 291 232 :M -.121(approach )A 339 232 :M (run )S 360 232 :M .232 .023(deep, )J 391 232 :M -.131(often )A 420 232 :M -.334(it )A 431 232 :M -.064(seems )A 465 232 :M -.334(to)A 95 247 :M -.139(such an extent that )A 186 247 :M -.081(what )A 213 247 :M -.091(appears )A 253 247 :M -.33(at )A 265 247 :M -.326(a )A 274 247 :M -.219(glance )A 308 247 :M -.326(a )A 317 247 :M -.064(straightforward )A 394 247 :M -.089(observation )A 453 247 :M .113(sup-)A 95 262 :M -.101(porting one or the other position becomes utterly invisible to those favouring )A 460 262 :M -.33(the)A 95 277 :M -.088(opposing viewpoint; all too frequently, arguments are simply )A 387 277 :M -.093(ignored )A 427 277 :M (or )S 441 277 :M -.162(contra-)A 95 292 :M -.089(dicted rather than rebutted. I hope in this book )A 317 292 :M -.167(to )A 330 292 :M -.219(challenge )A 378 292 :M -.083(both )A 403 292 :M (sides )S 431 292 :M -.131(while )A 461 292 :M -.164(in-)A 95 307 :M -.089(censing neither. For my part, while generally inclined more )A 379 307 :M -.167(in )A 392 307 :M -.22(the )A 410 307 :M -.183(direction )A 455 307 :M (of )S 469 307 :M (a)S 95 322 :M -.103(dynamical approach, I believe tools of )A 279 322 :M f206 sf -.083(both )A 304 322 :M f147 sf -.065(types )A 333 322 :M -.165(play )A 357 322 :M -.326(a )A 366 322 :M -.206(valuable )A 409 322 :M -.163(r\231le )A 431 322 :M -.167(in )A 444 322 :M -.131(cogni-)A 95 337 :M -.15(tive science: both dynamics and a computationally defined )A 372 337 :M -.188(variety )A 408 337 :M (of )S 422 337 :M -.129(representa-)A 95 352 :M -.087(tion feature crucially in my own view. In Chapter 3, I outline a method )A 433 352 :M (of )S 447 352 :M -.08(quan-)A 95 367 :M -.147(tifying information content )A 225 367 :M -.08(\(and )A 250 367 :M -.13(representation\) )A 324 367 :M .423 .042(which, )J 361 367 :M -.131(while )A 391 367 :M -.165(itself )A 418 367 :M -.13(wholeheart-)A 95 382 :M -.122(edly computational, applies )A 228 382 :M -.189(equally )A 266 382 :M -.164(well )A 290 382 :M -.167(to )A 303 382 :M -.331(all )A 318 382 :M -.123(physical )A 361 382 :M .558 .056(systems, )J 407 382 :M -.092(whether )A 449 382 :M -.196(inter-)A 95 397 :M -.163(preted )A 129 397 :M (as )S 145 397 :M -.204(computational )A 217 397 :M (or )S 233 397 :M -.22(dynamical )A 287 397 :M -.073(entities. )A 330 397 :M -.052(Later, )A 364 397 :M -.167(in )A 379 397 :M -.141(Chapter )A 422 397 :M .833 .083(6, )J 438 397 :M (I )S 448 397 :M -.161(argue)A 95 412 :M -.15(against the )A 149 412 :M -.236(typical )A 184 412 :M -.158(computationalism-friendly )A 312 412 :M -.111(notion )A 346 412 :M (of )S 360 412 :M -.163(an )A 375 412 :M -.101(instantaneous )A 443 412 :M -.331(mental)A 95 427 :M -.128(state in favour of an inherently temporal )A 287 427 :M -.135(replacement, )A 351 427 :M -.146(advancing )A 403 427 :M -.326(a )A 412 427 :M -.081(view )A 439 427 :M (of )S 453 427 :M -.106(con-)A 95 442 :M .173 .017(sciousness )J 150 442 :M -.165(itself )A 178 442 :M .423 .042(which, )J 216 442 :M -.131(while )A 247 442 :M -.108(described )A 297 442 :M -.167(in )A 311 442 :M -.176(\324computational\325 )A 390 442 :M -.15(information )A 450 442 :M -.163(theo-)A 95 457 :M -.114(retic terms, subsequently receives a dynamical )A 317 457 :M -.188(account )A 357 457 :M (of )S 371 457 :M -.163(neural )A 404 457 :M -.179(instantiation )A 465 457 :M -.334(in)A 95 472 :M -.141(Chapter )A 136 472 :M .833 .083(8. )J 150 472 :M .245 .024(\(For )J 175 472 :M -.09(readers )A 213 472 :M -.065(harbouring )A 269 472 :M (strong )S 303 472 :M -.123(feelings )A 345 472 :M (on )S 362 472 :M -.22(the )A 381 472 :M -.219(debate )A 416 472 :M -.109(and )A 438 472 :M -.163(an )A 454 472 :M -.16(irre-)A 95 487 :M -.098(pressible urge to categorise this book in the language of )A 361 487 :M .255 .026(it, )J 375 487 :M -.22(the )A 393 487 :M -.121(approach )A 440 487 :M (I )S 448 487 :M -.165(adopt)A 95 502 :M -.102(here might be verbosely labelled, with tongue )A 314 502 :M -.167(in )A 327 502 :M (cheek, )S 362 502 :M (as )S 376 502 :M -.186(\324computationally )A 459 502 :M -.16(de-)A 95 517 :M -.094(scribed, dynamical semi-representationalism\325.\))A 113 532 :M f206 sf -.155(Contra )A f147 sf -.142(Smithers, I emphatically )A f206 sf -.14(do not )A f147 sf -.145(believe that one )A 376 532 :M (should )S 412 532 :M -.219(decide )A 446 532 :M -.167(in )A 459 532 :M -.16(ad-)A 95 547 :M -.077(vance to adopt one framework or the other, )A 303 547 :M (on )S 319 547 :M -.165(pain )A 343 547 :M (of )S 357 547 :M -.236(tainted )A 392 547 :M -.038(science. )A 434 547 :M -.218(Whether)A 95 562 :M -.326(a )A 105 562 :M (good )S 134 562 :M -.18(explanation )A 193 562 :M (of )S 208 562 :M -.039(observed )A 257 562 :M -.146(phenomena )A 317 562 :M (should )S 355 562 :M -.163(be )A 372 562 :M -.098(dynamical, )A 430 562 :M -.188(computa-)A 95 577 :M -.038(tional, or hybrid )A 176 577 :M -.167(in )A 189 577 :M -.163(nature )A 222 577 :M (is )S 234 577 :M -.326(a )A 243 577 :M -.083(question )A 287 577 :M -.081(properly )A 331 577 :M -.219(evaluated )A 379 577 :M -.167(in )A 392 577 :M -.2(light )A 417 577 :M (of )S 431 577 :M -.288(empirical)A 95 592 :M -.205(evidence )A 140 592 :M -.109(and )A 161 592 :M -.22(the )A 179 592 :M -.11(resulting )A 224 592 :M -.188(matches )A 266 592 :M -.139(between )A 309 592 :M -.219(candidate )A 357 592 :M -.123(theories )A 398 592 :M -.109(and )A 419 592 :M -.248(reality; )A 455 592 :M -.334(it )A 466 592 :M (is)S 95 607 :M .059 .006(not, to my mind, )J 179 607 :M -.326(a )A 188 607 :M -.275(matter )A 221 607 :M (of )S 235 607 :M -.198(evaluating )A 287 607 :M -.256(empirical )A 334 607 :M -.205(evidence )A 379 607 :M -.167(in )A 392 607 :M -.2(light )A 417 607 :M (of )S 431 607 :M -.326(a )A 440 607 :M -.105(pre-ex-)A 95 622 :M -.112(isting )A 125 622 :M -.165(conviction )A 178 622 :M -.249(that )A 199 622 :M -.18(explanation )A 257 622 :M (is )S 269 622 :M -.167(to )A 282 622 :M -.163(be )A 297 622 :M (found )S 329 622 :M -.167(in )A 342 622 :M -.109(one )A 363 622 :M -.109(and )A 384 622 :M -.083(only )A 409 622 :M -.109(one )A 430 622 :M -.219(particular)A 95 637 :M .453 .045(form. )J 126 637 :M (Likewise, )S 177 637 :M f206 sf -.388(contra )A 210 637 :M f147 sf -.109(van )A 231 637 :M -.107(Gelder )A 267 637 :M -.078(\(see )A 290 637 :M -.165(note )A 314 637 :M (4 )S 324 637 :M .208 .021(above\), )J 365 637 :M (I )S 374 637 :M -.082(find )A 398 637 :M -.08(very )A 424 637 :M -.333(little )A 449 637 :M f206 sf -.082(onto-)A 95 652 :M -.333(logical )A 130 652 :M f147 sf -.283(mileage )A 170 652 :M -.167(in )A 183 652 :M -.22(the )A 201 652 :M -.189(methodological )A 277 652 :M -.151(distinction )A 331 652 :M -.139(between )A 375 652 :M -.22(dynamical )A 428 652 :M -.109(and )A 450 652 :M -.218(com-)A 95 667 :M -.199(putational )A 146 667 :M -.096(approaches )A 204 667 :M -.167(to )A 218 667 :M -.184(cognitive )A 266 667 :M -.038(science. )A 309 667 :M -.165(As )A 327 667 :M -.104(far )A 345 667 :M (as )S 360 667 :M (I )S 369 667 :M -.217(can )A 391 667 :M .486 .049(see, )J 416 667 :M -.092(whether )A 460 667 :M (we)S 95 682 :M -.064(speak )A 126 682 :M -.167(in )A 139 682 :M -.204(computational )A 209 682 :M -.035(language, )A 259 682 :M -.22(dynamical )A 311 682 :M -.035(language, )A 361 682 :M (or )S 375 682 :M -.333(little )A 400 682 :M -.129(green )A 431 682 :M -.22(men )A 456 682 :M -.218(lan-)A 95 697 :M .217 .022(guage, )J 132 697 :M (we )S 151 697 :M -.201(still )A 173 697 :M -.249(talk )A 195 697 :M -.132(about )A 226 697 :M -.22(the )A 245 697 :M f206 sf -.164(same )A 274 697 :M -.499(actual )A 306 697 :M .164(world)A f147 sf .16 .016(. )J 343 697 :M -.091(\(\324World )A 386 697 :M .403 .04(first\325, )J 419 697 :M -.111(not )A 440 697 :M .137(\324words)A 95 712 :M -.038(first\325!\) )A 131 712 :M (In )S 146 712 :M -.22(the )A 165 712 :M -.15(terminology )A 227 712 :M (of )S 242 712 :M -.141(Chapter )A 284 712 :M .833 .083(6, )J 299 712 :M -.22(the )A 318 712 :M -.04(\324things\325 )A 360 712 :M -.22(talked )A 394 712 :M -.132(about )A 426 712 :M -.08(supervene)A endp %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 9 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 243 82 :M f217 sf -.338(F)A f158 sf -.306(RONTAL )A f217 sf -.439(A)A f158 sf -.375(SSAULT)A 467 82 :M f217 sf (9)S 95 112 :M f147 sf -.095(logically on the physical world. Depending on )A 317 112 :M -.22(the )A 335 112 :M -.064(needs )A 366 112 :M -.109(and )A 387 112 :M -.165(aims )A 413 112 :M (of )S 427 112 :M -.109(any )A 448 112 :M -.165(given)A 95 127 :M -.033(situation, )A 144 127 :M (we )S 163 127 :M -.2(might )A 195 127 :M -.082(find )A 219 127 :M -.334(it )A 230 127 :M -.053(useful )A 264 127 :M -.147(sometimes )A 319 127 :M -.167(to )A 334 127 :M -.122(describe )A 379 127 :M -.184(cognitive )A 428 127 :M (processes)S 95 142 :M -.124(computationally, )A 179 142 :M -.131(while )A 211 142 :M -.33(at )A 225 142 :M -.131(other )A 255 142 :M -.199(times )A 286 142 :M -.22(dynamical )A 340 142 :M (or )S 356 142 :M -.055(hybrid )A 393 142 :M -.082(descriptions )A 456 142 :M -.222(will)A 95 157 :M -.064(prove )A 126 157 :M -.084(most )A 153 157 :M (helpful. )S 194 157 :M -.195(There )A 225 157 :M -.22(may )A 249 157 :M -.163(be )A 265 157 :M -.326(a )A 275 157 :M f206 sf -.163(de )A 291 157 :M -.199(facto )A 319 157 :M f147 sf (rough )S 352 157 :M -.206(cultural )A 392 157 :M -.084(division )A 435 157 :M -.163(between)A 95 172 :M -.184(cognitive )A 143 172 :M -.099(scientists )A 191 172 :M .259 .026(who )J 217 172 :M -.182(generally )A 265 172 :M -.105(prefer )A 298 172 :M -.204(computational )A 370 172 :M -.067(tools )A 399 172 :M -.109(and )A 422 172 :M -.065(those )A 453 172 :M .169(who)A 95 187 :M -.182(generally )A 142 187 :M -.105(prefer )A 174 187 :M -.22(dynamical )A 226 187 :M .416 .042(tools, )J 257 187 :M -.084(just )A 278 187 :M (as )S 292 187 :M -.196(there )A 319 187 :M (is )S 331 187 :M -.326(a )A 340 187 :M f206 sf -.163(de )A 355 187 :M -.199(facto )A 383 187 :M f147 sf (rough )S 416 187 :M -.084(division )A 459 187 :M -.16(be-)A 95 202 :M -.077(tween those who prefer reverse Polish notation calculators and those who )A 446 202 :M -.126(prefer)A 95 217 :M -.218(algebraic )A 141 217 :M -.081(calculators, )A 200 217 :M -.111(but )A 220 217 :M (such )S 247 217 :M -.326(a )A 257 217 :M -.084(division )A 300 217 :M -.14(needn\325t )A 340 217 :M -.118(necessarily )A 397 217 :M -.233(reflect )A 431 217 :M -.124(ontologi-)A 95 232 :M -.097(cally significant facts about the real world of cognizers which they are studying.)A 95 259 :M f206 sf -.196(2.2 Priorities and the Naturalistic Urge)A 95 274 :M f147 sf -.087(Closely related to the business of choosing appropriate languages of )A 420 274 :M -.198(explanation)A 95 289 :M -.215(are )A 113 289 :M -.036(questions )A 162 289 :M -.132(about )A 192 289 :M -.22(the )A 210 289 :M -.065(goals )A 239 289 :M (of )S 253 289 :M -.12(research )A 296 289 :M -.165(itself )A 323 289 :M -.109(and )A 344 289 :M -.22(the )A 362 289 :M -.14(choices )A 402 289 :M (of )S 417 289 :M -.067(tools )A 445 289 :M -.081(which)A 95 304 :M -.065(those )A 125 304 :M -.065(goals )A 155 304 :M -.11(motivate. )A 204 304 :M -.33(One )A 228 304 :M -.095(opinion )A 269 304 :M -.093(popular )A 310 304 :M -.167(in )A 324 304 :M -.22(the )A 343 304 :M -.11(United )A 380 304 :M .372 .037(Kingdom, )J 435 304 :M -.33(at )A 449 304 :M (least,)S 95 319 :M -.073(counts the task of )A 182 319 :M -.097(furthering )A 233 319 :M -.22(the )A 251 319 :M -.129(cause )A 281 319 :M (of )S 295 319 :M -.326(a )A 304 319 :M -.197(particular )A 352 319 :M -.166(discipline )A 401 319 :M (or )S 415 319 :M -.163(even )A 441 319 :M -.162(depart-)A 95 334 :M -.029(ment as, if )A 149 334 :M -.111(not )A 168 334 :M -.199(quite )A 195 334 :M -.163(an )A 210 334 :M -.109(end )A 231 334 :M -.167(in )A 244 334 :M (itself, )S 275 334 :M -.33(at )A 287 334 :M -.197(least )A 312 334 :M -.326(a )A 321 334 :M -.111(highly )A 355 334 :M -.15(significant )A 408 334 :M -.147(component )A 464 334 :M (of)S 95 349 :M -.287(academic )A 143 349 :M (research. )S 191 349 :M -.331(On )A 210 349 :M -.084(this )A 232 349 :M .451 .045(view, )J 264 349 :M -.326(a )A 274 349 :M -.234(central )A 310 349 :M -.331(aim )A 332 349 :M (of )S 347 349 :M -.22(the )A 367 349 :M -.034(philosophy )A 426 349 :M -.142(researcher)A 95 364 :M (should )S 131 364 :M -.163(be )A 146 364 :M -.167(to )A 159 364 :M -.186(advance )A 201 364 :M -.22(the )A 219 364 :M -.075(understanding )A 291 364 :M (of )S 306 364 :M -.034(philosophy )A 364 364 :M (for )S 383 364 :M (philosophy\325s )S 450 364 :M -.163(sake;)A 95 379 :M -.174(the general field )A 174 379 :M (of )S 188 379 :M -.034(philosophy )A 245 379 :M (is )S 257 379 :M (primary, )S 302 379 :M -.131(while )A 332 379 :M -.22(the )A 350 379 :M -.197(particular )A 398 379 :M .212 .021(issues )J 431 379 :M -.167(to )A 444 379 :M -.163(be )A 459 379 :M -.16(ex-)A 95 394 :M -.149(plored take )A 151 394 :M -.326(a )A 160 394 :M -.163(back )A 186 394 :M .231 .023(seat. )J 212 394 :M -.663(A )A 224 394 :M -.254(diametrically )A 288 394 :M (opposed )S 332 394 :M -.247(tack )A 355 394 :M (shapes )S 391 394 :M -.167(my )A 410 394 :M .259 .026(own )J 435 394 :M -.137(research)A 95 409 :M -.095(in general and this book in particular.)A 113 424 :M -.334(My )A 134 424 :M -.249(main )A 162 424 :M -.164(interest )A 201 424 :M -.165(lies )A 222 424 :M -.111(not )A 242 424 :M -.083(with )A 268 424 :M -.097(furthering )A 320 424 :M -.326(a )A 330 424 :M -.197(particular )A 379 424 :M -.166(discipline )A 429 424 :M .724 .072(\(or, )J 452 424 :M -.217(even)A 95 439 :M .67 .067(less, )J 121 439 :M -.326(a )A 130 439 :M -.081(department\), )A 194 439 :M -.111(but )A 213 439 :M -.083(with )A 238 439 :M -.184(examining )A 291 439 :M -.149(fascinating )A 346 439 :M .336 .034(questions, )J 400 439 :M -.121(whatever )A 448 439 :M -.131(disci-)A 95 454 :M -.11(plines )A 127 454 :M -.22(may )A 152 454 :M -.132(count )A 183 454 :M (as )S 198 454 :M -.197(their )A 224 454 :M .259 .026(own )J 250 454 :M -.065(those )A 280 454 :M -.036(questions )A 330 454 :M (or )S 345 454 :M -.197(their )A 371 454 :M .332 .033(solutions. )J 423 454 :M (I )S 432 454 :M -.247(make )A 462 454 :M (no)S 95 469 :M -.11(apologies )A 144 469 :M (for )S 162 469 :M -.148(importing )A 213 469 :M -.094(methods )A 258 469 :M (or )S 273 469 :M -.059(conclusions )A 334 469 :M -.08(from )A 362 469 :M -.095(outwith )A 403 469 :M -.211(traditional )A 455 469 :M -.109(phi-)A 95 484 :M .555 .055(losophy, )J 143 484 :M -.192(particularly )A 202 484 :M -.08(from )A 231 484 :M -.197(scientific )A 279 484 :M .203 .02(fields, )J 316 484 :M -.167(in )A 332 484 :M -.22(the )A 353 484 :M -.052(course )A 391 484 :M (of )S 408 484 :M -.11(exploring )A 460 484 :M -.33(the)A 95 499 :M -.111(mind/body )A 151 499 :M (problem.)S 194 494 :M f228 sf (5)S 198 499 :M f147 sf ( )S 203 499 :M -.166(Although )A 252 499 :M -.165(many )A 283 499 :M -.127(philosophical )A 352 499 :M -.164(colleagues )A 407 499 :M -.167(in )A 422 499 :M -.22(the )A 442 499 :M -.131(United)A 95 514 :M -.038(Kingdom are quick to dismiss my own work as )A 324 514 :M -.07(\322science, )A 371 514 :M -.111(not )A 390 514 :M -.046(philosophy!\323\321as)A 95 529 :M -.056(though )A 132 529 :M -.22(the )A 150 529 :M (two )S 173 529 :M -.077(were )A 201 529 :M -.208(mutually )A 247 529 :M -.119(exclusive\321I )A 312 529 :M -.33(am )A 331 529 :M -.083(only )A 357 529 :M -.111(too )A 377 529 :M -.065(happy )A 411 529 :M -.167(to )A 425 529 :M -.187(recruit )A 460 529 :M (for)S 95 544 :M -.109(\324philosophical\325 )A 170 544 :M .193 .019(purposes )J 217 544 :M -.22(the )A 235 544 :M -.067(tools )A 262 544 :M (of )S 276 544 :M -.131(other )A 304 544 :M .203 .02(fields. )J 338 544 :M -.193(\(Were )A 371 544 :M (I )S 379 544 :M -.167(to )A 392 544 :M -.145(encounter )A 442 544 :M -.131(tomor-)A 95 559 :M .264 .026(row )J 118 559 :M -.082(some )A 147 559 :M (good )S 175 559 :M (reasons )S 215 559 :M (for )S 233 559 :M -.184(believing )A 280 559 :M -.22(the )A 298 559 :M -.218(art )A 314 559 :M (of )S 328 559 :M -.141(pottery )A 365 559 :M -.165(held )A 389 559 :M -.22(the )A 407 559 :M -.109(key )A 429 559 :M -.167(to )A 443 559 :M -.062(under-)A 95 574 :M -.065(standing problems of )A 199 574 :M .425 .042(consciousness, )J 275 574 :M (I )S 283 574 :M (would )S 317 574 :M -.196(learn )A 344 574 :M -.167(to )A 357 574 :M -.247(make )A 386 574 :M (pots!\) )S 418 574 :M (In )S 432 574 :M -.22(the )A 450 574 :M -.132(spirit)A 95 589 :M (of )S 109 589 :M -.082(thinkers )A 151 589 :M -.249(like )A 172 589 :M -.139(Kitcher )A 211 589 :M (\(1992\) )S 247 589 :M -.109(and )A 268 589 :M -.065(those )A 297 589 :M -.162(featured )A 340 589 :M -.167(in )A 354 589 :M -.073(Kornblith )A 405 589 :M .596 .06(\(1994\), )J 446 589 :M (I )S 455 589 :M -.329(take)A 95 604 :M -.034(philosophy )A 153 604 :M -.109(and )A 176 604 :M -.22(the )A 196 604 :M -.188(natural )A 234 604 :M -.122(sciences )A 279 604 :M (as )S 295 604 :M -.093(forming )A 339 604 :M -.326(a )A 350 604 :M -.033(continuum. )A 410 604 :M -.219(The )A 434 604 :M -.189(eloquent)A 95 619 :M .606 .061(words of E.W. Hobson, )J 216 619 :M -.164(Sadleirian )A 267 619 :M .363 .036(Professor )J 317 619 :M (of )S 331 619 :M (Pure )S 357 619 :M -.27(Mathematics )A 420 619 :M -.109(and )A 441 619 :M -.066(Fellow)A 95 634 :M (of )S 109 634 :M (Christ\325s )S 151 634 :M -.189(College )A 191 634 :M -.167(in )A 204 634 :M -.032(Cambridge, )A 265 634 :M -.082(speaking )A 312 634 :M -.33(at )A 325 634 :M -.22(the )A 344 634 :M -.099(conclusion )A 400 634 :M (of )S 415 634 :M (his )S 434 634 :M (1921-22)S 95 649 :M -.1(Gifford Lectures at the University of Aberdeen, express the idea succinctly:)A 113 670 :M f250 sf -.078(If )A 123 670 :M -.079(we )A 138 670 :M -.231(were )A 160 670 :M .601 .06(in )J 172 670 :M .363 .036(possession )J 219 670 :M .517 .052(of, )J 234 670 :M -.313(and )A 251 670 :M -.039(able )A 271 670 :M .601 .06(to )J 283 670 :M .215 .022(grasp, )J 311 670 :M .056 .006(a )J 319 670 :M -.118(unified )A 351 670 :M .046 .005(view )J 375 670 :M .144 .014(of )J 388 670 :M .218 .022(the )J 405 670 :M -.01(Universe, )A 448 670 :M .222(in)A 113 684 :M .043 .004(which )J 141 684 :M .388 .039(all )J 155 684 :M .218 .022(the )J 171 684 :M (elements )S 210 684 :M .144 .014(of )J 222 684 :M -.078(existence )A 262 684 :M -.313(and )A 279 684 :M .151 .015(valuation )J 320 684 :M -.231(were )A 342 684 :M .036 .004(completely )J 390 684 :M -.178(synthesized\311we)A 113 698 :M -.028(should )A 143 698 :M .555 .056(not )J 160 698 :M -.259(require )A 190 698 :M .601 .06(to )J 202 698 :M (mark )S 226 698 :M .555 .056(out )J 243 698 :M -.041(frontiers )A 280 698 :M -.116(between )A 316 698 :M -.084(Science )A 350 698 :M -.313(and )A 367 698 :M .748 .075(Philosophy )J 417 698 :M .144 .014(or )J 430 698 :M -.131(Theol-)A 113 712 :M .357 .036(ogy\311 )J 142 712 :M (The )S 161 712 :M -.086(untrammelled )A 219 712 :M -.259(freedom )A 254 712 :M .043 .004(which )J 282 712 :M .753 .075(must )J 306 712 :M .051 .005(be )J 319 712 :M -.165(allowed )A 353 712 :M .601 .06(to )J 366 712 :M -.1(workers )A 402 712 :M .601 .06(in )J 415 712 :M .388 .039(all )J 430 712 :M -.385(depart-)A endp %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 10 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 95 82 :M f217 sf 1(10)A 253 82 :M -.4(C)A f158 sf -.29(HAPTER )A f217 sf -.433(O)A f158 sf -.654(NE)A 113 113 :M f250 sf .41 .041(ments )J 141 113 :M .144 .014(of )J 153 113 :M .218 .022(the )J 169 113 :M -.097(great )A 192 113 :M (cultural )S 226 113 :M (work )S 250 113 :M .144 .014(of )J 262 113 :M .023 .002(humanity\311should )J 340 113 :M .346 .035(not\311involve )J 397 113 :M .218 .022(the )J 413 113 :M -.087(erection )A 448 113 :M -.328(of)A 113 127 :M -.077(rigid )A 135 127 :M .036 .004(impassable )J 183 127 :M -.128(barriers )A 216 127 :M .043 .004(which )J 244 127 :M .41 .041(shall )J 267 127 :M (mark )S 291 127 :M -.052(off )A 306 127 :M -.055(domains )A 343 127 :M .043 .004(which )J 371 127 :M -.07(hold )A 392 127 :M .417 .042(no )J 407 127 :M -.109(communica-)A 113 141 :M .102 .01(tion with one another. On the contrary, workers )J 308 141 :M .601 .06(in )J 320 141 :M .047 .005(one )J 338 141 :M -.148(department )A 385 141 :M .676 .068(will )J 405 141 :M (often )S 429 141 :M -.31(receive)A 113 155 :M .123 .012(the most valuable enlightenment, and most important suggestions, from quarters )J 440 155 :M -.035(out-)A 113 169 :M .181 .018(side their own special line. \(Hobson 1923, p. 501\))J 95 189 :M f147 sf (Borrowing )S 154 189 :M -.22(the )A 175 189 :M -.136(contemporary )A 247 189 :M .451 .045(words )J 285 189 :M (of )S 303 189 :M .418 .042(Sussex )J 345 189 :M -.128(researcher )A 401 189 :M -.131(Inman )A 439 189 :M -.062(Harvey)A 95 204 :M -.071(\(personal )A 145 204 :M -.109(communication\), )A 231 204 :M (I )S 241 204 :M -.082(also )A 267 204 :M -.194(agree )A 299 204 :M -.14(wholeheartedly )A 378 204 :M -.083(with )A 406 204 :M -.22(the )A 427 204 :M -.111(notion )A 464 204 :M (of)S 95 219 :M -.11(\322doing )A 132 219 :M -.034(philosophy )A 190 219 :M (of )S 205 219 :M -.167(mind )A 234 219 :M -.083(with )A 260 219 :M -.326(a )A 271 219 :M -.097(screwdriver\323\321testing )A 381 219 :M -.127(philosophical )A 450 219 :M -.163(ideas)A 95 234 :M -.083(with )A 120 234 :M -.082(robotics )A 162 234 :M -.109(and )A 183 234 :M -.263(artificial )A 225 234 :M -.247(life )A 244 234 :M -.167(in )A 257 234 :M -.245(real )A 279 234 :M (world )S 312 234 :M -.049(laboratories. )A 376 234 :M (In )S 391 234 :M -.163(an )A 407 234 :M -.282(article )A 440 234 :M -.284(entitled)A 95 249 :M -.1(\324Artificial Life as Philosophy\325, Dennett \(1994\) advocates a similar view.)A 113 264 :M -.113(But )A 134 264 :M -.141(despite )A 171 264 :M -.326(a )A 180 264 :M -.077(distinguished )A 247 264 :M -.184(tradition )A 290 264 :M (of )S 304 264 :M -.124(positive )A 345 264 :M -.109(and )A 366 264 :M -.208(mutually )A 411 264 :M -.23(beneficial )A 461 264 :M -.164(in-)A 95 279 :M -.113(teraction between philosophy and )A 257 279 :M -.22(the )A 275 279 :M (sciences, )S 322 279 :M -.034(philosophy )A 379 279 :M (of )S 393 279 :M -.167(mind )A 421 279 :M .768 .077(is, )J 437 279 :M -.052(perhaps)A 95 294 :M -.163(more )A 123 294 :M -.165(than )A 148 294 :M -.33(at )A 161 294 :M -.109(any )A 183 294 :M -.332(time )A 208 294 :M -.167(in )A 222 294 :M -.112(its )A 238 294 :M .373 .037(history, )J 280 294 :M -.188(feeling )A 317 294 :M -.22(the )A 336 294 :M -.247(heat )A 360 294 :M -.08(from )A 388 294 :M -.197(scientific )A 435 294 :M -.128(areas )A 464 294 :M (as)S 95 309 :M -.091(those fields \324encroach upon\325 the )A 250 309 :M (study )S 280 309 :M (of )S 294 309 :M -.036(questions )A 343 309 :M -.201(still )A 364 309 :M -.097(considered )A 419 309 :M (by )S 435 309 :M -.165(many )A 465 309 :M -.334(to)A 95 324 :M -.163(be )A 110 324 :M -.024(philosophers\325 )A 179 324 :M -.031(territory. )A 225 324 :M -.331(Quite )A 254 324 :M -.055(justifiably, )A 309 324 :M -.094(methods )A 353 324 :M -.109(and )A 374 324 :M -.131(strategies )A 422 324 :M -.08(from )A 450 324 :M -.16(areas)A 95 339 :M -.249(like )A 116 339 :M -.142(quantum )A 161 339 :M .559 .056(physics, )J 205 339 :M -.064(chaos )A 236 339 :M .204 .02(theory, )J 274 339 :M -.048(neuroscience, )A 343 339 :M -.109(and )A 364 339 :M -.263(artificial )A 406 339 :M -.247(life )A 425 339 :M -.163(have )A 452 339 :M -.217(been)A 95 354 :M -.082(stirring )A 133 354 :M (up )S 149 354 :M -.22(the )A 167 354 :M (field, )S 197 354 :M -.258(eliciting )A 239 354 :M .186 .019(responses )J 291 354 :M -.08(from )A 319 354 :M -.22(the )A 338 354 :M -.024(philosophers\325 )A 408 354 :M -.247(camp )A 438 354 :M -.109(ranging)A 95 369 :M -.08(from )A 122 369 :M -.22(the )A 140 369 :M (sort )S 162 369 :M (of )S 176 369 :M -.023(dismissiveness )A 251 369 :M -.246(recalled )A 291 369 :M -.13(above )A 323 369 :M -.167(to )A 336 369 :M -.137(enthusiastic )A 395 369 :M -.081(endorsements )A 464 369 :M (of)S 95 384 :M -.166(method )A 134 384 :M f206 sf .612 .061(x )J 144 384 :M f147 sf (as )S 158 384 :M -.249(that )A 179 384 :M -.065(which )A 212 384 :M -.166(will )A 234 384 :M -.33(at )A 246 384 :M -.165(last )A 266 384 :M -.164(naturalise )A 315 384 :M -.22(the )A 333 384 :M (study )S 363 384 :M (of )S 377 384 :M .221 .022(mind. )J 410 384 :M -.166(Although )A 459 384 :M -.334(my)A 95 399 :M .259 .026(own )J 120 399 :M -.164(tendencies )A 173 399 :M (draw )S 201 399 :M -.33(me )A 219 399 :M -.165(firmly )A 252 399 :M -.167(in )A 265 399 :M -.22(the )A 284 399 :M -.192(naturalistic )A 340 399 :M -.065(direction, )A 390 399 :M -.232(explicitly )A 438 399 :M -.109(arguing)A 95 414 :M -.119(the case for the relevance of scientific fields to \324philosophical\325 questions really is)A 95 429 :M -.08(not my battle. I hope others will )A 250 429 :M -.111(simply )A 286 429 :M -.247(evaluate )A 328 429 :M -.167(my )A 347 429 :M -.184(judgement )A 400 429 :M -.167(in )A 413 429 :M -.041(choosing )A 460 429 :M -.33(the)A 95 444 :M -.098(tools I have in light of the lines of )A 258 444 :M -.164(argument )A 306 444 :M -.165(they )A 330 444 :M .559 .056(support, )J 374 444 :M -.162(rather )A 405 444 :M -.165(than )A 429 444 :M -.064(under )A 460 444 :M -.33(the)A 95 459 :M (shadow of some )S 177 459 :M -.109(pre-existing )A 237 459 :M -.182(prejudice )A 284 459 :M (as )S 298 459 :M -.167(to )A 311 459 :M .259 .026(how )J 336 459 :M -.082(best )A 359 459 :M -.167(to )A 372 459 :M -.106(secure )A 406 459 :M -.22(the )A 424 459 :M (borders )S 464 459 :M (of)S 95 474 :M -.085(philosophy against infiltration.)A 95 501 :M f206 sf -.11(2.3 Description Complementarity and Puzzles of Perspective)A 95 516 :M f147 sf -.164(After the central goal mentioned at the start of the )A 330 516 :M -.038(chapter, )A 372 516 :M -.249(that )A 393 516 :M (of )S 407 516 :M -.182(embracing )A 460 516 :M -.33(the)A 95 531 :M -.163(\324ineffable )A 146 531 :M -.195(feel\325 )A 173 531 :M (of )S 189 531 :M -.165(phenomenal )A 252 531 :M -.196(experience )A 308 531 :M -.131(while )A 340 531 :M -.118(simultaneously )A 417 531 :M -.141(heeding )A 460 531 :M -.33(the)A 95 546 :M -.089(constraints )A 150 546 :M (of )S 165 546 :M -.123(physical )A 209 546 :M .483 .048(law, )J 235 546 :M -.22(the )A 254 546 :M -.165(next )A 279 546 :M -.084(most )A 307 546 :M -.15(significant )A 361 546 :M -.163(thread )A 395 546 :M -.047(running )A 437 546 :M -.054(through)A 95 561 :M -.084(this )A 116 561 :M (book )S 144 561 :M -.08(concerns )A 190 561 :M -.22(the )A 208 561 :M -.101(relationships )A 272 561 :M -.139(between )A 315 561 :M -.144(different )A 359 561 :M -.165(levels )A 390 561 :M (of )S 404 561 :M -.131(description)A 456 556 :M f228 sf (6)S 460 561 :M f147 sf ( )S 464 561 :M (of)S 95 576 :M -.22(the )A 113 576 :M -.163(same )A 141 576 :M -.184(cognitive )A 188 576 :M -.055(system )A 225 576 :M -.109(and )A 246 576 :M -.139(between )A 289 576 :M -.064(first )A 313 576 :M -.109(and )A 335 576 :M -.132(third )A 362 576 :M (person )S 399 576 :M -.108(perspectives )A 462 576 :M (on)S 95 591 :M -.184(cognitive )A 142 591 :M .558 .056(systems. )J 188 591 :M (I )S 196 591 :M -.235(believe )A 233 591 :M -.083(both )A 258 591 :M -.101(relationships )A 322 591 :M -.161(bear )A 346 591 :M -.219(crucially )A 391 591 :M (on )S 408 591 :M -.22(the )A 427 591 :M -.188(project )A 464 591 :M (of)S 95 606 :M -.101(understanding how \(or whether\) matter can implement a mind.)A 113 621 :M -.085(With respect to the first, a good many problems in the history )A 407 621 :M (of )S 421 621 :M -.037(philosophy)A 95 636 :M -.065(originate, )A 144 636 :M -.167(in )A 157 636 :M -.167(my )A 176 636 :M .184 .018(opinion, )J 220 636 :M -.083(with )A 246 636 :M -.326(a )A 256 636 :M -.187(failure )A 291 636 :M -.167(to )A 305 636 :M -.229(appreciate )A 357 636 :M -.22(the )A 376 636 :M -.22(complementarity )A 459 636 :M -.16(be-)A 95 651 :M -.13(tween alternative descriptions of the very same thing\321a failure )A 396 651 :M .423 .042(which, )J 433 651 :M -.33(at )A 445 651 :M (times,)S 95 666 :M -.017(borders on stubborn-minded silliness. )A 279 666 :M -.066(Throughout )A 339 666 :M -.22(the )A 357 666 :M -.109(explorations )A 419 666 :M (of )S 433 666 :M -.22(the )A 451 666 :M -.249(topic)A 95 681 :M -.085(which appear here, I have in mind a background context of )A 377 681 :M (working )S 421 681 :M -.036(hypotheses)A 95 696 :M -.074(inspired by the likes of Davidson \(1973\) )A 290 696 :M -.109(and )A 311 696 :M -.188(Hellman )A 355 696 :M -.109(and )A 376 696 :M -.041(Thompson )A 431 696 :M -.046(\(1975\); )A 470 696 :M (I)S 95 711 :M -.046(opt for )A 131 711 :M -.081(what )A 158 711 :M -.22(the )A 176 711 :M -.275(latter )A 203 711 :M -.33(call )A 223 711 :M -.165(\324ontological )A 283 711 :M -.183(determination\325\321the )A 381 711 :M -.123(physical )A 424 711 :M (is )S 436 711 :M -.331(all )A 451 711 :M -.245(there)A endp %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 11 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 243 82 :M f217 sf -.338(F)A f158 sf -.306(RONTAL )A f217 sf -.439(A)A f158 sf -.375(SSAULT)A 461 82 :M f217 sf 1(11)A 95 112 :M f147 sf -.078(is, and everything that happens physically )A 297 112 :M (is )S 309 112 :M -.081(governed )A 357 112 :M -.206(entirely )A 396 112 :M (by )S 412 112 :M -.22(the )A 430 112 :M (low )S 452 112 :M -.33(level)A 95 127 :M -.046(laws of physics\321coupled with \324explanatory anti-reductionism\325. In other words,)A 95 142 :M -.095(nothing )A 135 142 :M -.161(ever )A 159 142 :M -.046(happens )A 202 142 :M -.065(which )A 235 142 :M (is )S 247 142 :M .476 .048(not, )J 270 142 :M -.33(at )A 282 142 :M -.22(the )A 300 142 :M -.054(lowest )A 335 142 :M -.053(level, )A 365 142 :M -.206(entirely )A 404 142 :M -.326(a )A 414 142 :M -.109(result )A 445 142 :M (of )S 460 142 :M -.33(the)A 95 157 :M (laws )S 121 157 :M (of )S 135 157 :M -.047(physics;)A 174 152 :M f228 sf (7)S 178 157 :M f147 sf ( )S 182 157 :M .243 .024(yet, )J 204 157 :M -.167(in )A 217 157 :M -.111(giving )A 251 157 :M -.249(intelligible )A 304 157 :M f206 sf -.193(explanations )A 367 157 :M f147 sf (of )S 381 157 :M .513 .051(processes, )J 435 157 :M (we )S 454 157 :M -.33(may)A 95 172 :M -.129(well have to rely on entities constructed at a higher level of description )A 430 172 :M -.219(commen-)A 95 187 :M -.078(surate with that at which we describe the processes themselves.)A 113 202 :M -.068(For instance, it would be no explanation of )A 320 202 :M .259 .026(how )J 345 202 :M -.326(a )A 354 202 :M -.197(clock )A 383 202 :M -.064(keeps )A 414 202 :M -.332(time )A 438 202 :M -.083(with )A 463 202 :M -.168(its)A 95 217 :M -.098(hour and minute hands to describe the )A 278 217 :M -.075(interactions, )A 340 217 :M -.167(in )A 353 217 :M -.195(accordance )A 409 217 :M -.083(with )A 434 217 :M -.22(the )A 452 217 :M (laws)S 95 232 :M (of )S 110 232 :M .559 .056(physics, )J 155 232 :M (of )S 170 232 :M -.129(every )A 201 232 :M -.11(single )A 234 232 :M -.147(subatomic )A 287 232 :M -.247(particle )A 326 232 :M -.111(within )A 361 232 :M .255 .026(it. )J 376 232 :M -.663(A )A 390 232 :M (good )S 420 232 :M -.198(explanation)A 95 247 :M (would )S 129 247 :M -.122(describe )A 173 247 :M -.141(instead )A 211 247 :M -.22(the )A 230 247 :M -.165(interactions )A 289 247 :M (of )S 304 247 :M (cogs )S 331 247 :M -.109(and )A 353 247 :M -.073(pendulums )A 410 247 :M (or )S 425 247 :M -.032(transistors)A 95 262 :M -.097(and quartz crystals \(depending on the )A 275 262 :M -.163(clock\) )A 308 262 :M -.109(and )A 329 262 :M -.22(the )A 347 262 :M -.137(relationship )A 406 262 :M (of )S 420 262 :M -.065(those )A 449 262 :M -.196(inter-)A 95 277 :M -.141(actions )A 132 277 :M -.167(to )A 146 277 :M -.22(the )A 165 277 :M -.147(movements )A 224 277 :M (of )S 239 277 :M -.22(the )A 258 277 :M .629 .063(hands. )J 295 277 :M -.441(Yet )A 316 277 :M -.095(nothing )A 357 277 :M -.161(ever )A 382 277 :M -.046(happens )A 426 277 :M -.167(to )A 440 277 :M (\(or )S 459 277 :M -.16(be-)A 95 292 :M .182 .018(tween\) cogs, pendulums, transistors, )J 275 292 :M -.163(quartz )A 308 292 :M .186 .019(crystals, )J 352 292 :M (or )S 366 292 :M -.08(arms )A 393 292 :M (of )S 407 292 :M -.326(a )A 416 292 :M -.197(clock )A 445 292 :M -.081(which)A 95 307 :M -.073(doesn\325t follow straightforwardly from the lowest level laws of )A 393 307 :M .559 .056(physics. )J 437 307 :M -.219(The )A 459 307 :M -.16(ap-)A 95 322 :M -.108(proach )A 132 322 :M -.167(to )A 146 322 :M -.18(explanation )A 205 322 :M -.08(favoured )A 252 322 :M -.167(in )A 266 322 :M -.084(this )A 288 322 :M (book )S 318 322 :M -.162(embraces )A 368 322 :M -.083(both )A 395 322 :M -.054(observations )A 461 322 :M -.164(to-)A 95 337 :M -.066(gether. The view contrasts starkly with )A 283 337 :M -.065(those )A 312 337 :M (of )S 326 337 :M -.206(Durkheim )A 377 337 :M (\(1938\) )S 413 337 :M (or )S 427 337 :M -.181(Radcliffe-)A 95 352 :M .227 .023(Brown )J 132 352 :M .596 .06(\(1952\), )J 172 352 :M (for )S 190 352 :M -.035(instance, )A 236 352 :M .259 .026(who )J 261 352 :M -.248(maintain )A 306 352 :M -.249(that )A 328 352 :M (good )S 357 352 :M -.137(explanations )A 421 352 :M -.139(require )A 459 352 :M -.167(not)A 95 367 :M -.083(only )A 120 367 :M -.163(an )A 135 367 :M -.148(appropriate )A 192 367 :M -.264(level )A 218 367 :M (of )S 232 367 :M -.026(description, )A 292 367 :M -.111(but )A 311 367 :M -.326(a )A 320 367 :M (new )S 344 367 :M -.15(independent )A 405 367 :M -.264(level )A 431 367 :M (of )S 445 367 :M f206 sf -.067(things)A 95 382 :M f147 sf .229 .023(whose )J 130 382 :M -.163(causal )A 163 382 :M (properties, )S 218 382 :M -.07(significantly, )A 284 382 :M f206 sf (do )S 300 382 :M -.111(not )A 319 382 :M f147 sf -.054(follow )A 354 382 :M -.08(from )A 382 382 :M -.065(those )A 412 382 :M (of )S 427 382 :M -.197(their )A 453 382 :M -.106(con-)A 95 397 :M -.046(stituent parts.)A 159 392 :M f228 sf (8)S 163 397 :M f147 sf -.064( In the guise of a discussion of evolution and )A 379 397 :M .193 .019(Conway\325s )J 432 397 :M -.162(Game )A 464 397 :M (of)S 95 412 :M (Life \(Poundstone 1985\), )S 216 412 :M -.283(Dennett )A 256 412 :M .401 .04(\(1995c, )J 297 412 :M .769 .077(pp. )J 317 412 :M (166-75\) )S 359 412 :M (offers )S 391 412 :M -.22(the )A 409 412 :M -.19(tidiest )A 441 412 :M -.083(look )A 466 412 :M -.66(at)A 95 427 :M -.102(levels of description I have encountered to date.)A 113 442 :M -.122(Interest )A 153 442 :M -.167(in )A 167 442 :M -.22(the )A 186 442 :M -.101(relationships )A 252 442 :M -.139(between )A 297 442 :M -.239(alternative )A 351 442 :M -.082(descriptions )A 414 442 :M (of )S 430 442 :M -.22(the )A 450 442 :M -.218(same)A 95 457 :M -.113(thing doesn\325t end with different levels; a special case of )A 360 457 :M -.203(complementary )A 436 457 :M -.091(descrip-)A 95 472 :M -.067(tions )A 123 472 :M -.055(exists )A 155 472 :M -.167(in )A 169 472 :M -.22(the )A 188 472 :M -.151(distinction )A 242 472 :M -.139(between )A 286 472 :M -.064(first )A 310 472 :M -.109(and )A 332 472 :M -.132(third )A 360 472 :M (person )S 398 472 :M f206 sf -.108(perspectives )A 462 472 :M f147 sf (on)S 95 487 :M -.036(cognitive systems. )A 187 487 :M .237 .024(Just )J 210 487 :M (as )S 224 487 :M (I )S 232 487 :M -.235(believe )A 269 487 :M -.196(there )A 296 487 :M (is )S 308 487 :M -.326(a )A 317 487 :M -.166(common )A 362 487 :M -.187(failure )A 396 487 :M -.167(to )A 409 487 :M -.229(appreciate )A 460 487 :M -.33(the)A 95 502 :M -.066(relationships between levels of description, so, too, is there a common failure )A 465 502 :M -.334(to)A 95 517 :M -.229(appreciate )A 146 517 :M -.22(the )A 164 517 :M -.091(factors )A 200 517 :M -.099(underlying )A 255 517 :M -.22(the )A 273 517 :M -.11(truism )A 307 517 :M -.249(that )A 328 517 :M -.072(reasoning )A 378 517 :M f206 sf -.267(about )A 408 517 :M f147 sf -.326(a )A 417 517 :M -.055(system )A 454 517 :M (as )S 469 517 :M (a)S 95 532 :M -.132(third )A 121 532 :M (person )S 157 532 :M -.044(differs )A 192 532 :M -.188(greatly )A 228 532 :M -.08(from )A 255 532 :M f206 sf -.132(being )A 285 532 :M f147 sf -.249(that )A 307 532 :M -.055(system )A 345 532 :M -.167(in )A 359 532 :M -.22(the )A 378 532 :M -.064(first )A 402 532 :M .596 .06(person. )J 443 532 :M .78 .078(If, )J 460 532 :M (for)S 95 547 :M -.096(instance, I cannot come to know \324what it is like\325 for )A f206 sf -.117(me )A f147 sf -.095(to be in a particular )A 453 547 :M -.247(state)A 95 562 :M -.153(until I have actually been in that state or one relevantly )A 354 562 :M -.189(similar )A 390 562 :M -.167(to )A 403 562 :M .255 .026(it, )J 417 562 :M .259 .026(why )J 442 562 :M (should)S 95 577 :M -.177(it be at all puzzling that I )A 214 577 :M -.164(cannot )A 249 577 :M -.247(come )A 278 577 :M -.167(to )A 291 577 :M .24 .024(know )J 322 577 :M -.081(what )A 349 577 :M -.334(it )A 359 577 :M (is )S 371 577 :M -.249(like )A 392 577 :M (for )S 410 577 :M -.093(someone )A 456 577 :M -.218(else)A 95 592 :M -.122(to be in such a state? And is there )A 256 592 :M -.109(any )A 277 592 :M -.052(reason )A 312 592 :M -.167(to )A 325 592 :M -.134(think )A 353 592 :M (I )S 361 592 :M f206 sf (should )S 397 592 :M f147 sf -.163(be )A 412 592 :M -.247(able )A 435 592 :M -.167(to )A 448 592 :M (grasp)S 95 607 :M -.081(what )A 122 607 :M -.334(it )A 132 607 :M (is )S 144 607 :M -.249(like )A 165 607 :M (for )S 183 607 :M -.33(me )A 201 607 :M -.167(to )A 214 607 :M -.163(be )A 229 607 :M -.167(in )A 242 607 :M -.326(a )A 251 607 :M -.197(particular )A 299 607 :M -.197(state )A 325 607 :M -.106(before )A 360 607 :M -.11(having )A 397 607 :M -.248(actually )A 438 607 :M -.163(been )A 465 607 :M -.334(in)A 95 622 :M -.088(such a state? Such perspectival issues figure in )A 319 622 :M -.326(a )A 328 622 :M -.081(wide )A 355 622 :M -.129(range )A 385 622 :M (of )S 399 622 :M -.036(questions )A 448 622 :M -.165(about)A 95 637 :M -.13(the relationship between mind and )A 260 637 :M -.22(the )A 278 637 :M -.123(physical )A 321 637 :M .631 .063(world. )J 357 637 :M -.334(My )A 377 637 :M -.219(direct )A 407 637 :M -.139(quarrel )A 444 637 :M -.083(with )A 469 637 :M (a)S 95 652 :M -.081(standard )A 139 652 :M -.081(view )A 166 652 :M -.249(that )A 187 652 :M -.082(problems )A 235 652 :M (of )S 249 652 :M -.148(perspective )A 306 652 :M (support )S 346 652 :M -.326(a )A 355 652 :M -.161(case )A 380 652 :M -.141(against )A 418 652 :M -.132(physicalism)A 95 667 :M -.091(begins in Chapter 4 and returns in Chapter 6, but a reluctance to )A 400 667 :M -.273(accept )A 433 667 :M -.22(the )A 451 667 :M -.08(stan-)A 95 682 :M -.061(dard view underlies much of the rest of the book.)A endp %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 12 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 95 82 :M f217 sf 1(12)A 253 82 :M -.4(C)A f158 sf -.29(HAPTER )A f217 sf -.433(O)A f158 sf -.654(NE)A 208 115 :M f239 sf .285 .028(3. C)J f217 sf .497 .05(OGNITIVE )J f239 sf .173(D)A f217 sf .132(ISSONANCE)A 95 142 :M f147 sf -.164(It )A 106 142 :M .264 .026(was )J 129 142 :M -.167(in )A 142 142 :M -.109(one )A 163 142 :M (of )S 177 142 :M -.22(the )A 195 142 :M -.064(first )A 218 142 :M -.034(philosophy )A 275 142 :M -.132(texts )A 301 142 :M (I )S 310 142 :M -.148(encountered )A 372 142 :M (as )S 387 142 :M -.163(an )A 403 142 :M -.048(undergraduate,)A 95 157 :M -.141(Richard )A 136 157 :M -.08(Taylor\325s )A 180 157 :M (\(1963\) )S 216 157 :M f206 sf (Metaphysics)S f147 sf (, )S 283 157 :M -.249(that )A 304 157 :M (I )S 312 157 :M -.143(vividly )A 349 157 :M -.273(recall )A 378 157 :M -.14(reading )A 417 157 :M -.22(the )A 435 157 :M -.33(tale )A 455 157 :M (of )S 469 157 :M (a)S 95 172 :M -.058(poor fellow called Osmo, who )A 243 172 :M -.039(perishes )A 286 172 :M -.131(while )A 316 172 :M -.11(trying )A 348 172 :M -.167(to )A 361 172 :M -.162(escape )A 396 172 :M -.326(a )A 405 172 :M -.108(future )A 437 172 :M -.14(foretold)A 95 187 :M (for )S 113 187 :M -.223(him )A 135 187 :M -.167(in )A 148 187 :M -.326(a )A 158 187 :M -.188(special )A 195 187 :M .667 .067(book. )J 228 187 :M -.249(With )A 256 187 :M -.186(perfect )A 293 187 :M -.069(accuracy, )A 343 187 :M -.22(the )A 362 187 :M -.066(mysterious )A 419 187 :M -.166(volume )A 459 187 :M -.16(de-)A 95 202 :M -.074(scribes every )A 161 202 :M -.197(event )A 190 202 :M -.167(in )A 203 202 :M -.054(Osmo\325s )A 244 202 :M -.219(entire )A 274 202 :M (life, )S 297 202 :M -.08(from )A 324 202 :M (his )S 342 202 :M -.132(birth )A 368 202 :M -.047(through )A 409 202 :M -.167(to )A 422 202 :M -.22(the )A 440 202 :M -.108(present)A 95 217 :M -.109(and )A 116 217 :M (on )S 132 217 :M -.167(into )A 154 217 :M -.22(the )A 172 217 :M -.108(future )A 204 217 :M -.109(and )A 225 217 :M (his )S 243 217 :M -.206(eventual )A 286 217 :M (death. )S 319 217 :M -.248(Like )A 344 217 :M -.22(the )A 363 217 :M -.09(protagonist )A 421 217 :M -.167(in )A 435 217 :M -.326(a )A 445 217 :M -.077(Greek)A 95 232 :M (tragedy, )S 138 232 :M -.166(Osmo )A 170 232 :M -.164(cannot )A 205 232 :M -.162(escape )A 241 232 :M (his )S 260 232 :M -.198(Fate: )A 288 232 :M -.045(eerily, )A 323 232 :M -.121(whatever )A 371 232 :M -.22(the )A 390 232 :M (book )S 419 232 :M -.145(foretells )A 462 232 :M f206 sf -.664(al-)A 95 247 :M .716 .072(ways )J 124 247 :M f147 sf -.131(comes )A 158 247 :M -.167(to )A 171 247 :M .893 .089(pass, )J 200 247 :M -.109(and )A 221 247 :M -.109(try )A 238 247 :M (as )S 252 247 :M -.163(he )A 267 247 :M (might, )S 302 247 :M (his )S 320 247 :M -.129(every )A 351 247 :M -.219(failed )A 382 247 :M -.082(struggle )A 425 247 :M -.167(to )A 439 247 :M -.062(forge )A 469 247 :M (a)S 95 262 :M -.065(new and different future for himself only underscores the book\325s )A 405 262 :M -.163(apparent )A 449 262 :M -.196(infal-)A 95 277 :M -.126(libility.)A 113 292 :M -.076(Taylor\325s point in articulating the story\321apart, perhaps, )A 378 292 :M -.08(from )A 405 292 :M -.089(terrorising )A 458 292 :M -.331(im-)A 95 307 :M -.052(pressionable young philosophers\321is to suggest that )A 346 307 :M (we )S 364 307 :M -.331(all )A 379 307 :M (should )S 415 307 :M -.081(view )A 442 307 :M -.22(the )A 460 307 :M (fu-)S 95 322 :M -.067(ture with the eyes of a fatalist. Fatalism should appeal, Taylor argues, for purely)A 95 337 :M -.13(logical reasons: since some complete description of all my )A 372 337 :M -.108(life\325s )A 400 337 :M -.108(future )A 432 337 :M -.109(events )A 466 337 :M (is)S 95 352 :M -.106(true )A f206 sf -.126(right now)A f147 sf -.113(, and since that description could )A f206 sf -.139(already )A 358 352 :M f147 sf -.163(have )A 384 352 :M -.163(been )A 410 352 :M -.141(written )A 447 352 :M .112(down)A 95 367 :M -.06(in a book \(say, by an omniscient and prolific author\), I lack any sort )A 421 367 :M (of )S 435 367 :M -.162(freedom)A 95 382 :M -.167(to )A 108 382 :M -.163(change )A 145 382 :M .255 .026(it, )J 159 382 :M -.109(and )A 180 382 :M (I )S 188 382 :M -.067(ought )A 219 382 :M -.084(just )A 240 382 :M -.167(to )A 253 382 :M (stop )S 277 382 :M (worrying )S 325 382 :M -.132(about )A 355 382 :M -.22(it! )A 369 382 :M -.236(Despite )A 409 382 :M -.08(Taylor\325s )A 454 382 :M (pro-)S 95 397 :M -.066(tests )A 120 397 :M -.167(to )A 134 397 :M -.22(the )A 153 397 :M (contrary, )S 201 397 :M -.22(the )A 220 397 :M -.164(argument )A 269 397 :M (for )S 288 397 :M -.206(fatalism )A 330 397 :M -.064(seems )A 364 397 :M -.326(a )A 374 397 :M -.124(textbook )A 420 397 :M -.235(example )A 464 397 :M (of)S 95 412 :M -.078(modal fallacy. But nevertheless, I think I can )A 311 412 :M -.166(almost )A 346 412 :M (grasp )S 376 412 :M -.081(what )A 403 412 :M -.2(might )A 434 412 :M -.163(have )A 460 412 :M -.33(led)A 95 427 :M -.223(him )A 117 427 :M -.167(to )A 130 427 :M (suggest )S 170 427 :M -.22(the )A 188 427 :M -.249(line )A 209 427 :M (of )S 223 427 :M .184 .018(thought, )J 267 427 :M -.141(despite )A 304 427 :M (his )S 322 427 :M -.14(fluency )A 361 427 :M -.083(with )A 386 427 :M -.22(the )A 404 427 :M -.199(logic )A 431 427 :M (of )S 445 427 :M -.249(modal)A 95 442 :M -.066(operators. Although most philosophers reject Taylor\325s reasoning, the years have)A 95 457 :M -.111(not )A 114 457 :M -.166(dulled )A 147 457 :M -.167(my )A 166 457 :M -.066(impression )A 222 457 :M -.249(that )A 244 457 :M -.111(something )A 298 457 :M -.14(remains )A 340 457 :M -.164(deeply )A 376 457 :M -.066(disturbing )A 429 457 :M -.132(about )A 460 457 :M -.33(the)A 95 472 :M -.092(fantasy )A 134 472 :M -.122(scenario )A 178 472 :M -.163(he )A 194 472 :M -.097(describes; )A 246 472 :M -.326(a )A 256 472 :M (book )S 285 472 :M -.229(accurately )A 337 472 :M -.18(foretelling )A 390 472 :M -.167(my )A 410 472 :M -.129(every )A 441 472 :M -.162(experi-)A 95 487 :M -.091(ence\321perhaps even my every thought\321for the rest of )A 356 487 :M -.167(my )A 375 487 :M -.247(life )A 394 487 :M -.132(truly )A 420 487 :M (would )S 454 487 :M -.163(be )A 469 487 :M (a)S 95 502 :M -.048(frightening prospect.)A 113 517 :M -.088(That peculiar discomfort, I believe, bears a )A 319 517 :M (possibly )S 363 517 :M -.222(illuminating )A 423 517 :M -.082(likeness )A 465 517 :M -.334(to)A 95 532 :M -.137(the distaste )A 151 532 :M -.165(many )A 181 532 :M (express )S 221 532 :M (for )S 239 532 :M -.22(the )A 257 532 :M -.247(idea )A 280 532 :M -.249(that )A 301 532 :M -.132(human )A 337 532 :M -.148(cognition )A 385 532 :M -.109(and )A 406 532 :M (consciousness)S 95 547 :M -.2(might )A 127 547 :M -.109(one )A 149 547 :M -.109(day )A 171 547 :M -.163(be )A 187 547 :M -.183(explained )A 237 547 :M -.111(within )A 272 547 :M -.326(a )A 282 547 :M -.109(purely )A 317 547 :M -.24(materialist )A 370 547 :M .186 .019(framework. )J 431 547 :M (I )S 440 547 :M -.33(am )A 459 547 :M f206 sf -.167(not)A 95 562 :M f147 sf -.068(suggesting that those unhappy )A 242 562 :M -.132(about )A 272 562 :M (such )S 298 562 :M -.326(a )A 307 562 :M -.091(possibility )A 360 562 :M -.215(are )A 378 562 :M -.039(confused )A 425 562 :M -.132(about )A 455 562 :M -.164(mo-)A 95 577 :M -.22(dal )A 114 577 :M -.165(logic! )A 147 577 :M (Rather, )S 188 577 :M -.124(although )A 235 577 :M -.22(the )A 255 577 :M -.141(analogy )A 298 577 :M (is )S 312 577 :M -.219(imperfect )A 362 577 :M -.083(with )A 389 577 :M -.139(respect )A 428 577 :M -.167(to )A 443 577 :M -.276(logical)A 95 592 :M (structure, )S 144 592 :M -.196(there )A 171 592 :M -.064(seems )A 204 592 :M -.167(to )A 217 592 :M -.33(me )A 235 592 :M -.163(an )A 250 592 :M -.183(appealing )A 300 592 :M -.083(kind )A 326 592 :M (of )S 341 592 :M -.124(symmetry )A 393 592 :M -.139(between )A 437 592 :M -.22(the )A 456 592 :M (two)S 95 607 :M (cases. On )S 145 607 :M -.109(one )A 166 607 :M .449 .045(hand, )J 197 607 :M -.334(it )A 207 607 :M (is )S 219 607 :M -.066(disturbing )A 271 607 :M -.167(to )A 284 607 :M -.134(think )A 312 607 :M -.249(that )A 333 607 :M -.082(some )A 362 607 :M (book )S 390 607 :M -.132(could )A 420 607 :M -.167(in )A 433 607 :M -.206(principle)A 95 622 :M -.061(expose, for all to see, every single event in my )A 319 622 :M -.219(entire )A 349 622 :M -.102(life\321)A f206 sf -.114(even )A 402 622 :M -.056(though )A 439 622 :M f147 sf (I )S 447 622 :M .112(know)A 95 637 :M -.096(perfectly well that the logical possibility of such a volume, in and of itself, )A 449 637 :M -.167(in )A 462 637 :M (no)S 95 652 :M (way )S 119 652 :M -.1(diminishes )A 174 652 :M -.167(my )A 193 652 :M -.139(freedom )A 236 652 :M -.167(in )A 249 652 :M -.083(bringing )A 293 652 :M -.132(about )A 323 652 :M -.22(the )A 341 652 :M -.109(events )A 375 652 :M -.108(described )A 425 652 :M -.111(within )A 460 652 :M .166(it.)A 470 647 :M f228 sf (9)S 95 667 :M f147 sf -.105(There might be other reasons )A 236 667 :M .259 .026(why )J 261 667 :M (I )S 269 667 :M -.247(lack )A 292 667 :M (freedom, )S 339 667 :M -.111(but )A 358 667 :M -.22(the )A 376 667 :M -.091(possibility )A 429 667 :M (of )S 443 667 :M (such )S 469 667 :M (a)S 95 682 :M (book )S 123 682 :M (is )S 135 682 :M -.219(certainly )A 179 682 :M -.111(not )A 198 682 :M -.109(one )A 219 682 :M (of )S 233 682 :M (them. )S 264 682 :M -.221(And )A 288 682 :M (on )S 304 682 :M -.22(the )A 322 682 :M -.131(other )A 350 682 :M .449 .045(hand, )J 381 682 :M -.082(some )A 410 682 :M -.22(may )A 435 682 :M -.141(likewise)A 95 697 :M -.082(find )A 118 697 :M -.334(it )A 128 697 :M -.066(disturbing )A 180 697 :M -.249(that )A 201 697 :M -.326(a )A 211 697 :M -.248(complete )A 258 697 :M -.24(materialist )A 311 697 :M -.109(theory )A 346 697 :M (of )S 361 697 :M (consciousness )S 434 697 :M -.132(could )A 465 697 :M -.334(in)A 95 712 :M -.077(principle expose, for all to see, the underlying physical foundation )A 412 712 :M (of )S 426 712 :M -.129(every )A 456 712 :M (sin-)S endp %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 13 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 243 82 :M f217 sf -.338(F)A f158 sf -.306(RONTAL )A f217 sf -.439(A)A f158 sf -.375(SSAULT)A 461 82 :M f217 sf 1(13)A 95 112 :M f147 sf -.095(gle pain or taste or visual impression )A 272 112 :M (\(or )S 290 112 :M -.082(hope )A 317 112 :M (or )S 331 112 :M -.084(lust )A 352 112 :M (or )S 366 112 :M -.166(intuition\) )A 413 112 :M -.066(throughout )A 469 112 :M (a)S 95 127 :M -.072(subject\325s )A 141 127 :M -.219(entire )A 171 127 :M (life. )S 194 127 :M -.083(This )A 219 127 :M -.2(might )A 250 127 :M -.163(seem )A 279 127 :M -.066(disturbing )A 332 127 :M f206 sf (even )S 359 127 :M -.056(though )A 397 127 :M f147 sf (such )S 424 127 :M -.326(a )A 434 127 :M -.092(prospect)A 95 142 :M (would )S 129 142 :M -.167(in )A 142 142 :M (no )S 158 142 :M (way )S 182 142 :M -.125(diminish )A 227 142 :M -.22(the )A 245 142 :M -.059(painfulness )A 303 142 :M (of )S 317 142 :M -.22(the )A 335 142 :M -.165(pain )A 359 142 :M (or )S 373 142 :M -.22(the )A 391 142 :M -.029(lustfulness )A 446 142 :M (of )S 460 142 :M -.33(the)A 95 157 :M -.134(lust; )A 119 157 :M -.249(that )A 140 157 :M -.163(rich )A 162 157 :M -.165(phenomenal )A 223 157 :M -.196(experience )A 277 157 :M -.2(might )A 308 157 :M -.163(have )A 334 157 :M -.326(a )A 343 157 :M -.123(physical )A 386 157 :M -.18(explanation )A 444 157 :M (would)S 95 172 :M -.104(render it no less rich phenomenal experience.)A 113 187 :M -.148(A usually unarticulated further )A 260 187 :M .234 .023(worry )J 293 187 :M -.2(might )A 324 187 :M .246 .025(grow )J 353 187 :M -.08(from )A 380 187 :M -.22(the )A 398 187 :M -.111(notion )A 432 187 :M -.249(that )A 453 187 :M -.106(any-)A 95 202 :M -.134(thing )A 123 202 :M -.065(which )A 156 202 :M -.166(admits )A 191 202 :M (of )S 205 202 :M -.326(a )A 214 202 :M -.123(physical )A 257 202 :M -.18(explanation )A 316 202 :M (is )S 329 202 :M (no )S 346 202 :M -.144(different )A 391 202 :M -.167(in )A 405 202 :M -.183(principle )A 451 202 :M -.107(from)A 95 217 :M -.109(any )A 116 217 :M -.131(other )A 144 217 :M -.123(physical )A 187 217 :M .208 .021(thing. )J 219 217 :M -.219(The )A 241 217 :M -.091(possibility )A 294 217 :M (of )S 309 217 :M -.326(a )A 319 217 :M (book )S 348 217 :M -.165(explaining )A 402 217 :M -.167(my )A 422 217 :M -.219(entire )A 453 217 :M -.106(con-)A 95 232 :M (scious )S 129 232 :M -.182(existence )A 176 232 :M -.167(in )A 189 232 :M -.22(the )A 207 232 :M -.164(language )A 253 232 :M (of )S 267 232 :M (physics )S 307 232 :M -.145(threatens )A 353 232 :M -.167(to )A 366 232 :M -.162(reduce )A 402 232 :M -.249(that )A 424 232 :M -.218(experience)A 95 247 :M -.165(itself )A 122 247 :M -.167(to )A 135 247 :M -.095(nothing )A 175 247 :M -.163(more )A 203 247 :M -.165(than )A 227 247 :M f206 sf -.246(mere )A 254 247 :M .205(physics)A f147 sf .222 .022(, )J 298 247 :M -.037(siphoning )A 349 247 :M (off )S 368 247 :M -.112(its )A 384 247 :M f206 sf -.197(value )A 414 247 :M f147 sf .24 .024(down )J 446 247 :M -.167(to )A 460 247 :M -.33(the)A 95 262 :M -.264(level )A 121 262 :M (of )S 135 262 :M -.082(some )A 164 262 :M -.197(least )A 189 262 :M -.166(common )A 234 262 :M -.15(denominator )A 297 262 :M -.148(appropriate )A 354 262 :M (for )S 372 262 :M -.131(other )A 401 262 :M -.123(physical )A 445 262 :M -.067(things)A 95 277 :M -.085(like bricks and globules of )A 224 277 :M .396 .04(sludge. )J 263 277 :M -.041(Probably )A 310 277 :M -.334(it )A 320 277 :M (is )S 332 277 :M -.083(only )A 357 277 :M -.188(natural )A 393 277 :M -.167(to )A 406 277 :M -.245(feel )A 427 277 :M -.082(some )A 456 277 :M (dis-)S 95 292 :M -.114(comfort at the idea that the very sciences which our own ingenuity )A 411 292 :M -.233(created )A 448 292 :M -.165(could)A 95 307 :M -.08(drain away our fundamental value in this way. )A 318 307 :M -.331(On )A 336 307 :M -.084(this )A 357 307 :M .451 .045(view, )J 388 307 :M -.045(perhaps )A 429 307 :M (our )S 449 307 :M -.247(value)A 95 322 :M -.217(can )A 115 322 :M -.083(only )A 140 322 :M -.163(be )A 155 322 :M -.07(preserved )A 205 322 :M (by )S 221 322 :M -.094(finding )A 259 322 :M -.334(it )A 269 322 :M -.326(a )A 278 322 :M -.09(nonphysical )A 339 322 :M -.106(refuge )A 373 322 :M -.228(categorically )A 436 322 :M -.186(separate)A 95 337 :M -.08(from )A 124 337 :M -.08(\(and )A 151 337 :M -.1(impossible )A 208 337 :M -.167(to )A 223 337 :M -.065(unify )A 254 337 :M -.065(with\) )A 285 337 :M -.22(the )A 305 337 :M -.219(merely )A 343 337 :M -.263(mechanical )A 401 337 :M -.109(transactions )A 464 337 :M (of)S 95 352 :M -.024(bricks and balls of sludge.)A 113 367 :M -.038(Needless to say, these are worries I do not share. On the contrary, I feel )A 457 367 :M -.331(that)A 95 382 :M -.14(such a naturalistic physical explanation )A 282 382 :M -.132(could )A 312 382 :M -.083(only )A 337 382 :M f206 sf -.333(add )A 358 382 :M f147 sf -.167(to )A 371 382 :M -.22(the )A 389 382 :M -.062(sheer )A 418 382 :M -.131(marvellous-)A 95 397 :M -.117(ness of phenomenal experience. There can be little doubt )A 366 397 :M -.249(that )A 387 397 :M -.334(it )A 397 397 :M (would )S 431 397 :M -.163(be )A 446 397 :M -.326(amaz-)A 95 412 :M -.111(ing )A 114 412 :M -.164(if )A 125 412 :M -.334(it )A 135 412 :M -.109(turned )A 169 412 :M -.111(out )A 188 412 :M -.141(instead )A 225 412 :M -.249(that )A 246 412 :M -.22(the )A 265 412 :M -.141(subject )A 303 412 :M (of )S 318 412 :M -.167(my )A 338 412 :M -.165(phenomenal )A 400 412 :M -.196(experience )A 455 412 :M .172(was)A 95 427 :M -.1(really an independent, immaterial, ethereal spirit of some sort\321that )A f206 sf -.074(I )A f147 sf -.122(was such a)A 95 442 :M -.051(spirit and my consciousness one of that spirit\325s properties. But )A 395 442 :M .259 .026(how )J 420 442 :M -.165(much )A 450 442 :M -.218(more)A 95 457 :M -.099(truly amazing it would be to discover that the conscious \324I\325 is )A 387 457 :M -.193(instantiated )A 444 457 :M -.131(purely)A 95 472 :M -.082(physically\321that somehow, despite having nothing but that stringy )A 413 472 :M -.249(ball )A 434 472 :M (of )S 448 472 :M -.161(nerve)A 95 487 :M -.064(fibres and )A 146 487 :M -.131(other )A 174 487 :M -.14(organic )A 213 487 :M -.275(matter )A 246 487 :M -.083(with )A 271 487 :M -.065(which )A 304 487 :M -.167(to )A 317 487 :M (do )S 333 487 :M .255 .026(it, )J 347 487 :M (I )S 355 487 :M -.201(still )A 376 487 :M -.219(manage )A 416 487 :M -.167(to )A 429 487 :M -.132(enjoy )A 459 487 :M -.334(my)A 95 502 :M -.165(full )A 115 502 :M -.196(remarkable )A 171 502 :M -.163(repertoire )A 220 502 :M (of )S 234 502 :M -.163(rich )A 256 502 :M -.036(conscious )A 307 502 :M -.177(experience! )A 365 502 :M -.248(That )A 390 502 :M -.275(matter )A 423 502 :M -.111(simply )A 460 502 :M (or-)S 95 517 :M -.106(ganised in the right pattern and changing in the right ways )A 372 517 :M -.132(could )A 402 517 :M -.248(actually )A 442 517 :M -.109(instan-)A 95 532 :M -.132(tiate )A f206 sf -.233(me)A f147 sf -.161(, with all my vivid phenomenal experience intact: )A f206 sf -.145(that )A f147 sf -.169(is a marvel )A 440 532 :M (worthy)S 95 547 :M -.018(of the name. And, )A 185 547 :M (indeed, )S 224 547 :M -.164(if )A 235 547 :M -.081(what )A 262 547 :M -.219(really )A 292 547 :M -.055(counts )A 327 547 :M (is )S 339 547 :M -.112(its )A 354 547 :M -.163(r\231le )A 376 547 :M -.167(in )A 389 547 :M -.165(enabling )A 433 547 :M (our )S 453 547 :M -.106(con-)A 95 562 :M -.109(scious lives, why should a )A f206 sf -.108(pattern )A f147 sf -.11(be of any less value than an immaterial spirit?)A 113 577 :M -.123(In the next nine )A 190 577 :M (chapters, )S 237 577 :M (I )S 245 577 :M -.109(set )A 262 577 :M -.111(out )A 281 577 :M -.081(what )A 308 577 :M (I )S 316 577 :M -.235(believe )A 353 577 :M -.215(are )A 371 577 :M -.082(some )A 400 577 :M -.053(useful )A 433 577 :M (steps )S 461 577 :M -.164(to-)A 95 592 :M (ward )S 123 592 :M -.075(understanding )A 194 592 :M -.22(the )A 213 592 :M .226 .023(sorts )J 241 592 :M (of )S 256 592 :M -.067(links )A 284 592 :M -.139(between )A 328 592 :M -.167(mind )A 357 592 :M -.109(and )A 379 592 :M -.275(matter )A 413 592 :M -.065(which )A 447 592 :M -.25(might)A 95 607 :M -.247(make )A 124 607 :M (such )S 150 607 :M -.326(a )A 159 607 :M -.081(view )A 186 607 :M -.263(attractive )A 232 607 :M -.167(in )A 245 607 :M -.112(its )A 260 607 :M .259 .026(own )J 285 607 :M -.132(right )A 312 607 :M -.109(and )A 334 607 :M -.065(which )A 368 607 :M -.22(may )A 393 607 :M -.264(allay )A 420 607 :M -.146(Osmo-style)A 95 622 :M -.1(discomfort. Do I believe I have given a )A 283 622 :M .533 .053(rigorous, )J 331 622 :M -.109(complete, )A 381 622 :M -.109(and )A 402 622 :M -.198(definitive )A 450 622 :M (solu-)S 95 637 :M -.11(tion to the mind/body problem\(s\)? )A 260 637 :M -.328(Of )A 276 637 :M -.052(course )A 311 637 :M -.082(not! )A 334 637 :M -.113(But )A 355 637 :M (I )S 363 637 :M (do )S 379 637 :M -.134(think )A 407 637 :M -.326(a )A 416 637 :M -.066(\324solution\325\321)A 95 652 :M -.037(or, rather, a set of solutions to a cluster )A 284 652 :M (of )S 298 652 :M -.234(related )A 333 652 :M -.101(problems\321will )A 411 652 :M -.198(eventually )A 463 652 :M -.326(be)A 95 667 :M -.059(found to share the general form, and perhaps some of the details, )A 406 667 :M (of )S 420 667 :M -.081(what )A 447 667 :M (I )S 455 667 :M -.109(out-)A 95 682 :M -.132(line here. Many times in these pages I deliberately reach )A 362 682 :M -.104(far )A 379 682 :M -.111(out )A 398 682 :M (on )S 414 682 :M -.326(a )A 423 682 :M -.25(limb )A 448 682 :M -.164(while)A 95 697 :M -.05(constructing some view or other. )A 255 697 :M (In )S 269 697 :M .277 .028(so )J 284 697 :M .416 .042(doing, )J 319 697 :M (I )S 327 697 :M -.331(aim )A 348 697 :M -.167(to )A 361 697 :M -.22(lay )A 379 697 :M -.111(out )A 398 697 :M -.326(a )A 407 697 :M (sort )S 429 697 :M (of )S 443 697 :M -.245(tree )A 464 697 :M (of)S 95 712 :M -.115(possibilities; not all of its branches will ultimately bear fruit, )A 382 712 :M (I )S 390 712 :M -.33(am )A 408 712 :M .676 .068(sure. )J 436 712 :M -.113(But )A 457 712 :M -.16(I\325m)A endp %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 14 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 95 82 :M f217 sf 1(14)A 253 82 :M -.4(C)A f158 sf -.29(HAPTER )A f217 sf -.433(O)A f158 sf -.654(NE)A 95 112 :M f147 sf -.136(convinced that while some limbs will eventually need cutting out and )A 423 112 :M -.053(others )A 456 112 :M -.222(will)A 95 127 :M -.188(benefit )A 131 127 :M -.08(from )A 158 127 :M -.136(considerable )A 221 127 :M .177 .018(reshaping, )J 276 127 :M -.22(the )A 295 127 :M -.234(central )A 331 127 :M -.289(thematic )A 375 127 :M -.065(trunk )A 405 127 :M (is )S 418 127 :M -.189(healthy )A 457 127 :M -.163(and)A 95 142 :M -.082(planted just about where it ought to be. )A 283 142 :M (I )S 291 142 :M -.082(hope )A 318 142 :M -.249(that )A 339 142 :M -.166(laying )A 372 142 :M -.111(out )A 391 142 :M -.22(the )A 409 142 :M -.245(tree )A 430 142 :M (as )S 444 142 :M (I )S 452 142 :M -.217(have)A 95 157 :M -.166(will )A 117 157 :M -.093(provide )A 157 157 :M (new )S 181 157 :M -.102(opportunities )A 247 157 :M (for )S 265 157 :M .196 .02(progress )J 310 157 :M -.047(through )A 351 157 :M -.22(the )A 370 157 :M (process )S 411 157 :M (of )S 426 157 :M -.22(evaluating)A 95 172 :M -.042(and snipping back those bits which don\325t belong, strengthening those which do,)A 95 187 :M -.074(and shaping this nascent theory into something robust and comprehensive.)A 267 214 :M f275 sf .617(N)A f286 sf .57(OTES)A 95 238 :M f297 sf (1)S 98 242 :M f250 sf -.036( Nowhere do I argue positively for any particular rendition )A 334 242 :M .144 .014(of )J 346 242 :M -.032(material )A 382 242 :M .881 .088(monism; )J 422 242 :M .157 .016(I )J 429 242 :M -.151(find )A 448 242 :M .786 .079(it )J 458 242 :M -.589(hard)A 95 254 :M .06 .006(to grasp what a good argument for material monism would even look like.)J 95 265 :M f297 sf (2)S 98 269 :M f250 sf -.05( Philosophers, understandably concerned to be clear about what )A 353 269 :M .786 .079(it )J 363 269 :M .694 .069(is )J 374 269 :M -.116(they\325re )A 405 269 :M .385 .038(trying )J 433 269 :M .601 .06(to )J 445 269 :M -.072(explain)A 95 281 :M .103 .01(before setting out to explain it, frequently adopt the convenient assumption that our first )J 453 281 :M -.235(hand,)A 95 293 :M -.089(direct experience of consciousness )A 234 293 :M -.074(suffices )A 268 293 :M .601 .06(to )J 280 293 :M .303 .03(fix )J 295 293 :M .218 .022(the )J 311 293 :M -.085(concept )A 345 293 :M -.062(appropriately )A 401 293 :M .524 .052(well. )J 425 293 :M .04 .004(But )J 443 293 :M .601 .06(to )J 455 293 :M -.383(para-)A 95 305 :M -.099(phrase )A 124 305 :M .051 .005(an )J 137 305 :M -.053(example )A 174 305 :M -.313(due )A 191 305 :M .601 .06(to )J 203 305 :M -.097(Aaron )A 231 305 :M .85 .085(Sloman, )J 269 305 :M .218 .022(the )J 285 305 :M .474 .047(assumption )J 335 305 :M .694 .069(is )J 346 305 :M .144 .014(as )J 358 305 :M -.024(unjustified )A 404 305 :M .144 .014(as )J 416 305 :M .218 .022(the )J 432 305 :M .192 .019(claim )J 459 305 :M (that)S 95 317 :M .031 .003(even before Einstein\325s analysis of the concept of simultaneity, we really )J 387 317 :M .388 .039(all )J 401 317 :M -.039(knew )A 426 317 :M .046 .005(what )J 449 317 :M .786 .079(it )J 459 317 :M -.273(was)A 95 329 :M .163 .016(anyway just through our )J 197 329 :M .266 .027(first )J 217 329 :M -.235(hand )A 239 329 :M -.118(experience. )A 287 329 :M .326 .033(As )J 302 329 :M -.052(for )A 317 329 :M .218 .022(the )J 333 329 :M -.176(case )A 353 329 :M .144 .014(of )J 365 329 :M .68 .068(simultaneity, )J 422 329 :M .591 .059(Sloman )J 457 329 :M -.072(sug-)A 95 341 :M .172 .017(gests, it may be that only after constructing some good )J 320 341 :M .184 .018(theories, )J 358 341 :M -.147(capable )A 391 341 :M .144 .014(of )J 403 341 :M .363 .036(supporting )J 450 341 :M -.306(coher-)A 95 353 :M .168 .017(ent concepts, will we be able to )J 226 353 :M -.031(grasp )A 251 353 :M -.046(properly )A 288 353 :M .046 .005(what )J 311 353 :M .786 .079(it )J 321 353 :M (was )S 340 353 :M -.079(we )A 355 353 :M -.231(were )A 377 353 :M .385 .038(trying )J 405 353 :M .601 .06(to )J 417 353 :M .039 .004(explain )J 450 353 :M .601 .06(in )J 462 353 :M -.108(the)A 95 365 :M -.093(first place!)A 95 376 :M f297 sf (3)S 98 380 :M f250 sf -.06( Since endnotes are easily found at the end of each chapter, when cross-referencing them I )A 457 380 :M -.072(usu-)A 95 392 :M .009 .001(ally mention the page number for the discussion which is endnoted rather than giving )J 440 392 :M .218 .022(the )J 456 392 :M -.292(page)A 95 404 :M -.002(number for the endnote text itself.)A 95 415 :M f297 sf (4)S 98 419 :M f250 sf .054 .005( Not )J f195 sf .063 .006(all )J f250 sf .1 .01(the excitement is hype. While I am dubious about his tendency to overstate )J 437 419 :M .218 .022(the )J 453 419 :M f195 sf -.026(onto-)A 95 431 :M -.028(logical )A f250 sf -.031(significance of what )A 209 431 :M .315 .032(amount )J 243 431 :M .601 .06(to )J 255 431 :M -.213(different )A 291 431 :M -.128(dynamical )A 335 431 :M -.052(\(or )A 350 431 :M -.129(non-dynamical\) )A 415 431 :M f195 sf -.115(descriptions )A 466 431 :M f250 sf -.328(of)A 95 443 :M .035 .004(physical entities\321see section )J 217 443 :M .454 .045(3 )J 226 443 :M .144 .014(of )J 238 443 :M -.022(Chapter )A 273 443 :M .557 .056(9\321Tim )J 309 443 :M .047 .005(van )J 327 443 :M -.284(Gelder )A 356 443 :M .138 .014(\(1995a, )J 390 443 :M .144 .014(b\) )J 402 443 :M -.135(offers )A 428 443 :M .056 .006(a )J 436 443 :M -.031(sober )A 461 443 :M .111(but)A 95 455 :M -.027(provocative analysis of each approach. In a forthcoming target )A 347 455 :M -.068(article )A 375 455 :M -.052(for )A 390 455 :M f195 sf -.193(Behavioral )A 436 455 :M -.5(and )A 453 455 :M -.444(Brain)A 95 467 :M .063(Sciences)A f250 sf .067 .007(, )J 138 467 :M .051 .005(he )J 153 467 :M (succinctly )S 199 467 :M .281 .028(maps )J 226 467 :M .555 .056(out )J 246 467 :M .178 .018(distinctions )J 299 467 :M -.116(between )A 338 467 :M .218 .022(the )J 357 467 :M .127 .013(computational )J 421 467 :M .023(hypothesis\321)A 95 479 :M .497 .05(roughly, )J 134 479 :M .218 .022(the )J 151 479 :M .046 .005(view )J 175 479 :M .361 .036(that )J 196 479 :M -.09(cognizers )A 239 479 :M -.235(are )A 256 479 :M -.007(digital )A 287 479 :M -.122(computers\321and )A 357 479 :M .218 .022(the )J 375 479 :M -.128(dynamical )A 421 479 :M .023(hypothesis\321)A 95 491 :M -.002(roughly, the view that cognizers are dynamical systems.)A 95 502 :M f297 sf (5)S 98 506 :M f250 sf .169 .017( Very often it )J 156 506 :M .694 .069(is )J 167 506 :M -.152(expedient )A 208 506 :M .601 .06(to )J 220 506 :M .523 .052(import )J 251 506 :M -.132(science )A 283 506 :M .674 .067(into )J 303 506 :M .27 .027(philosophical )J 361 506 :M -.048(discourse\321nothing )A 442 506 :M -.109(clinches)A 95 518 :M -.032(an existence proof like empirical evidence, for instance!\321but some of the )A f195 sf -.034(really )A 418 518 :M f250 sf -.079(difficult )A 453 518 :M -.164(prob-)A 95 530 :M .11 .011(lems of philosophy might well be those which either cannot be naturalised or )J 409 530 :M .043 .004(which )J 437 530 :M -.1(would )A 465 530 :M -.439(be)A 95 542 :M .007 .001(very difficult to naturalise. \(Ethics )J 236 542 :M (comes )S 265 542 :M .601 .06(to )J 277 542 :M -.014(mind )A 301 542 :M .144 .014(as )J 313 542 :M .056 .006(a )J 321 542 :M .404 .04(possible )J 358 542 :M -.022(example.\) )A 401 542 :M .157 .016(I )J 408 542 :M -.094(have )A 430 542 :M .218 .022(the )J 446 542 :M .155(utmost)A 95 554 :M .059 .006(respect for these sorts of areas, but my temperament generally tempts me more in the )J 440 554 :M -.192(direction)A 95 566 :M -.067(of those where some \324easier\325 progress can be made.)A 95 577 :M f297 sf (6)S 98 581 :M f250 sf .088 .009( Although I usually refer to \324levels\325, I mean also to include )J 338 581 :M f195 sf -.27(parallel )A 371 581 :M f250 sf .144 .014(or )J 383 581 :M -.041(otherwise )A 425 581 :M -.109(complemen-)A 95 593 :M .025 .003(tary descriptions which may not exist in an hierarchical relationship with one another.)J 95 604 :M f297 sf (7)S 98 608 :M f250 sf .044 .004( In the language of Chapter )J 211 608 :M .833 .083(6, )J 223 608 :M -.026(everything )A 269 608 :M f195 sf -.092(supervenes )A 316 608 :M f250 sf .417 .042(on )J 330 608 :M .176 .018(microphysics; )J 390 608 :M -.089(see )A 406 608 :M .104 .01(section )J 438 608 :M .454 .045(1 )J 447 608 :M .144 .014(of )J 459 608 :M (that)S 95 620 :M -.048(chapter in particular.)A 95 631 :M f297 sf (8)S 98 635 :M f250 sf .5 .05( )J 103 635 :M .234 .023(On )J 120 635 :M .218 .022(the )J 137 635 :M .44 .044(last )J 156 635 :M (especially, )S 203 635 :M .281 .028(also )J 224 635 :M -.132(compare )A 262 635 :M .218 .022(the )J 279 635 :M (emergentists )S 334 635 :M .123 .012(such )J 358 635 :M .144 .014(as )J 372 635 :M -.238(Alexander )A 417 635 :M .203 .02(\(1920\), )J 452 635 :M -.609(Broad)A 95 647 :M -.018(\(1925\), or Pepper \(1926\); see McLaughlin \(1992\) for recent discussion.)A 95 658 :M f297 sf (9)S 98 662 :M f250 sf -.014( Specifically, the purported argument to the contrary requires shifting the scope )A 418 662 :M .144 .014(of )J 430 662 :M .056 .006(a )J 438 662 :M -.081(necessity)A 95 674 :M -.001(operator from a whole conditional to just the consequent of the conditional. )A 400 674 :M .04 .004(But )J 418 674 :M .28 .028(although )J 457 674 :M .786 .079(it )J 467 674 :M .332(is)A 95 686 :M .11 .011(necessarily true that if such a book correctly proclaims that I will perform action )J f195 sf (x)S f250 sf .061 .006(, then I )J 458 686 :M .149(will)A 95 698 :M .378 .038(perform action )J f195 sf .095(x)A f250 sf .268 .027(, from this it simply does not follow )J 313 698 :M .361 .036(that )J 332 698 :M .123 .012(such )J 354 698 :M .056 .006(a )J 362 698 :M -.178(correct )A 392 698 :M -.021(proclamation )A 448 698 :M -.017(entails)A 95 710 :M .109 .011(that I necessarily will perform action )J f195 sf (x)S f250 sf (.)S endp %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup initializepage (; page: 15 of 15)setjob %%EndPageSetup gS 0 0 568 818 rC 252 112 :M f147 sf -.423(C)A f158 sf -.281(HAPTER )A f147 sf -.387(T)A f158 sf -.792(WO)A 159 149 :M f184 sf .704 .07(Zombies and )J 338 149 :M .126(Their)A 205 189 :M .14(Look-Alikes)A 188 201 193 19 rC 188 201 :M psb /dstR[newpath clippath pathbbox]def newpath dstR 0 get dstR 1 get translate dstR 2 get dstR 0 get sub 516.142 325.7256 sub div dstR 3 get dstR 1 get sub 289.6134 305.5174 sub div scale 325.7256 neg 305.5174 neg translate %%BeginProcSet: FreeHand_header 3 0 /FHIODict 30 dict def FHIODict begin /bdf{bind def}bind def /d{setdash}bdf /h{closepath}bdf /H{}bdf /J{setlinecap}bdf /j{setlinejoin}bdf /M{setmiterlimit}bdf /n{newpath}bdf /N{newpath}bdf /q{gsave}bdf /Q{grestore}bdf /w{setlinewidth}bdf /u{}bdf /U{}bdf /sepdef{ dup where not { FreeHandSepDict } if 3 1 roll exch put }bdf /` {end %. FreeHandDict /-save0- save def pop pop pop pop pop concat userdict begin /showpage {} def 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath /languagelevel where {pop languagelevel 1 ne{false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint}if}if } bdf /~ {end -save0- restore FreeHandDict begin }bdf /FreeHandDict 190 dict def FreeHandDict begin /currentpacking where{pop true setpacking}if /xdf{exch def}bdf /ndf{1 index where{pop pop pop}{dup xcheck{bind}if def}ifelse}bdf /min{2 copy gt{exch}if pop}bdf /max{2 copy lt{exch}if pop}bdf /isLino statusdict /product get (Lino) anchorsearch{pop pop true}{pop false}ifelse def /dr{transform .25 sub round .25 add exch .25 sub round .25 add exch itransform}bdf /C{dr curveto}bdf /L{dr lineto}bdf /m{dr moveto}bdf /printerRes gsave matrix defaultmatrix setmatrix 72 72 dtransform abs exch abs max grestore def /maxsteps 256 def /calcgraysteps { currentscreen pop exch printerRes exch div exch 2 copy sin mul round dup mul 3 1 roll cos mul round dup mul add 1 add dup maxsteps gt {pop maxsteps} if } bdf /bottom -0 def /delta -0 def /frac -0 def /left -0 def /numsteps -0 def /numsteps1 -0 def /radius -0 def /right -0 def /top -0 def /xt -0 def /yt -0 def /df currentflat def /tempstr 1 string def /clipflatness currentflat def /inverted? 0 currenttransfer exec .5 ge def /colorexists systemdict/setcmykcolor known def /tc1 [0 0 0 1] def /tc2 [0 0 0 1] def /fc [0 0 0 1] def /sc [0 0 0 1] def /concatprocs{ /proc2 exch cvlit def/proc1 exch cvlit def /newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx}bdf /storerect{/top xdf/right xdf/bottom xdf/left xdf}bdf /rectpath{newpath left bottom m left top L right top L right bottom L closepath}bdf /i{dup 0 eq {pop df dup} {dup} ifelse /clipflatness xdf setflat }bdf version cvr 38.0 le {/setrgbcolor{ currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll setrgbcolor}bdf}if /gettint{0 get}bdf /puttint{0 exch put}bdf /vms {/vmsv save def} bdf /vmr {vmsv restore} bdf /vmrs{vmsv restore /vmsv save def}bdf /eomode{ {/filler /eofill load def /clipper /eoclip load def} {/filler /fill load def /clipper /clip load def} ifelse }bdf /CD{/NF exch def{exch dup/FID ne 1 index/UniqueID ne and{exch NF 3 1 roll put} {pop pop}ifelse}forall NF}bdf /MN{1 index length/Len exch def dup length Len add string dup Len 4 -1 roll putinterval dup 0 4 -1 roll putinterval}bdf /RC{4 -1 roll /ourvec xdf 256 string cvs(|______)anchorsearch {1 index MN cvn/NewN exch def cvn findfont dup maxlength dict CD dup/FontName NewN put dup /Encoding ourvec put NewN exch definefont pop}{pop}ifelse}bdf /RF{dup FontDirectory exch known{pop 3 -1 roll pop}{RC}ifelse}bdf /FF{dup 256 string cvs(|______)exch MN cvn dup FontDirectory exch known {exch pop findfont 3 -1 roll pop}{pop dup findfont dup maxlength dict CD dup dup /Encoding exch /Encoding get 256 array copy 7 -1 roll {3 -1 roll dup 4 -2 roll put}forall put definefont}ifelse}bdf userdict begin /BDFontDict 20 dict def end BDFontDict begin /bu{}def /bn{}def /setTxMode{av 70 ge{pop}if pop}def /gm{m}def /show{pop}def /gr{pop}def /fnt{pop pop pop}def /fs{pop}def /fz{pop}def /lin{pop pop}def end /MacVec 256 array def MacVec 0 /Helvetica findfont /Encoding get 0 128 getinterval putinterval MacVec 127 /DEL put MacVec 16#27 /quotesingle put MacVec 16#60 /grave put /NUL/SOH/STX/ETX/EOT/ENQ/ACK/BEL/BS/HT/LF/VT/FF/CR/SO/SI /DLE/DC1/DC2/DC3/DC4/NAK/SYN/ETB/CAN/EM/SUB/ESC/FS/GS/RS/US MacVec 0 32 getinterval astore pop /Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis/Udieresis/aacute /agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute/egrave /ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde/oacute /ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex/udieresis /dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls /register/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/notequal/AE/Oslash /infinity/plusminus/lessequal/greaterequal/yen/mu/partialdiff/summation /product/pi/integral/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/Omega/ae/oslash /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/radical/florin/approxequal/Delta/guillemotleft /guillemotright/ellipsis/nbspace/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide/lozenge /ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright/fi/fl /daggerdbl/periodcentered/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase /perthousand/Acircumflex/Ecircumflex/Aacute /Edieresis/Egrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Igrave/Oacute/Ocircumflex /apple/Ograve/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Ugrave/dotlessi/circumflex/tilde /macron/breve/dotaccent/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron MacVec 128 128 getinterval astore pop /fps{ currentflat exch dup 0 le{pop 1}if { dup setflat 3 index stopped {1.3 mul dup 3 index gt{pop setflat pop pop stop}if} {exit} ifelse }loop pop setflat pop pop }bdf /fp{100 currentflat fps}bdf /clipper{clip}bdf /W{/clipper load 100 clipflatness fps}bdf /fixtrans1 { dup{ic mul ic sub 1 add}concatprocs exch dup{im mul im sub 1 add}concatprocs exch dup{iy mul iy sub 1 add}concatprocs exch {ik mul ik sub 1 add}concatprocs }bdf /fixtrans2 { currentcolortransfer 5 -1 roll exch concatprocs 7 1 roll 4 -1 roll exch concatprocs 6 1 roll 3 -1 roll exch concatprocs 5 1 roll concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer }bdf end%. FreeHandDict end%. FHIODict %%EndProcSet %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup FHIODict begin FreeHandDict begin /onlyk{false}ndf /ccmyk{dup 5 -1 roll sub 0 max exch}ndf /setcmykcolor{1 exch sub ccmyk ccmyk ccmyk pop setrgbcolor}ndf /setcmykcoloroverprint{4{dup -1 eq{pop 0}if 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor}ndf /findcmykcustomcolor{5 /packedarray where{pop packedarray}{array astore readonly}ifelse}ndf /setcustomcolor{exch aload pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor pop}ndf /setseparationgray{1 exch sub dup dup dup setcmykcolor}ndf /setoverprint{pop}ndf /currentoverprint false ndf /colorimage{pop pop [5 -1 roll/exec cvx 6 -1 roll/exec cvx 7 -1 roll/exec cvx 8 -1 roll/exec cvx /cmykbufs2gray cvx]cvx image} %. version 47.1 on Linotronic of Postscript defines colorimage incorrectly (rgb model only) version cvr 47.1 le isLino and{userdict begin bdf end}{ndf}ifelse /cci1 { currentcolortransfer {ik mul ik sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {iy mul iy sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {im mul im sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {ic mul ic sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer }ndf /cci2 { {invbuf dup length magentabuf length ne {dup length dup dup /magentabuf exch string def /yellowbuf exch string def /blackbuf exch string def}if dup magentabuf copy yellowbuf copy blackbuf copy pop}concatprocs }ndf /customcolorimage{colorexists{ aload pop pop 4 array astore setimagecmyk cci1 /magentabuf 0 string def /yellowbuf 0 string def /blackbuf 0 string def cci2 {magentabuf}{yellowbuf}{blackbuf}true 4 colorimage} {pop image}ifelse}ndf /separationimage{image}ndf /newcmykcustomcolor{6 /packedarray where{pop packedarray}{array astore readonly}ifelse}ndf /inkoverprint false ndf /setinkoverprint{pop}ndf /overprintprocess{pop}ndf /setspotcolor {spots exch get 0 5 getinterval exch setcustomcolor}ndf /currentcolortransfer{currenttransfer dup dup dup}ndf /setcolortransfer{systemdict begin settransfer end pop pop pop}ndf /getcmyk { dup length 4 eq {aload pop} {aload pop spots exch get 0 4 getinterval aload pop 4 {4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat 5 -1 roll pop} ifelse }bdf /setimagecmyk{ getcmyk/ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf }ndf /autospread{pop}ndf /fhsetspreadsize{pop}ndf /strokeopf false def /fillopf false def /R{0 ne /strokeopf xdf}bdf /O{0 ne /fillopf xdf}bdf /filler{fill}bdf /F{fc fhsetcolor fillopf setoverprint false autospread gsave /filler load fp grestore false setoverprint}bdf /f{closepath F}bdf /S{sc fhsetcolor strokeopf setoverprint true autospread {stroke}fp false setoverprint}bdf /s{closepath S}bdf /B{fc fhsetcolor fillopf setoverprint gsave /filler load fp grestore sc fhsetcolor strokeopf setoverprint true autospread {stroke}fp false setoverprint}bdf /b{closepath B}bdf colorexists not{/setcolorscreen {setscreen pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop}bdf}if /fhsetcolor{dup length 4 eq {aload overprintprocess setcmykcolor} {aload 1 get spots exch get 5 get setinkoverprint setspotcolor} ifelse }ndf /settextcolor{dup fhsetcolor dup length 4 eq {onlyk{3 get 1.0 eq{true setinkoverprint}if}{pop}ifelse} {pop} ifelse }ndf /ka{/fc xdf}bdf /Ka{/sc xdf}bdf /xa{/fc xdf} bdf /Xa{/sc xdf} bdf /bc2[0 0]def /bc4[0 0 0 0]def /absmax{2 copy abs exch abs gt{exch}if pop}bdf /calcstep { colorexists not and{calcgraysteps}{maxsteps}ifelse tc1 length 4 eq { 0 1 3 {tc1 1 index get tc2 3 -1 roll get sub }for absmax absmax absmax } { bc2 tc1 1 get 1 exch put tc1 gettint tc2 gettint sub abs } ifelse mul abs round dup 0 eq{pop 1}if dup /numsteps xdf 1 sub dup 0 eq{pop 1}if /numsteps1 xdf }bdf /cblend{ tc1 length 4 eq { 0 1 3 {bc4 exch tc1 1 index get tc2 2 index get 1 index sub frac mul add put }for bc4 } { bc2 tc1 gettint tc2 gettint 1 index sub frac mul add puttint bc2 } ifelse fhsetcolor }bdf /logtaper{/frac frac 9 mul 1 add log def}bdf FHIODict begin /origmtx matrix currentmatrix def /iminv false def /invbuf{0 1 2 index length 1 sub{dup 2 index exch get 255 exch sub 2 index 3 1 roll put}for}bdf /cyanrp{currentfile cyanbuf readhexstring pop iminv{invbuf}if}def /magentarp{cyanbuf magentabuf copy}bdf /yellowrp{cyanbuf yellowbuf copy}bdf /blackrp{cyanbuf blackbuf copy}bdf /fixtransfer{ colorexists {fixtrans1 fixtrans2} {{dup 1 exch sub currentgray mul add}concatprocs currenttransfer exch concatprocs systemdict begin settransfer end}ifelse }ndf /cmykbufs2gray{ dup length 0 1 3 -1 roll 1 sub {4 index 1 index get 4 index 2 index get 4 index 3 index get 4 index 4 index get 255 exch sub ccmyk ccmyk ccmyk pop 5 mul exch 45 mul add exch 14 mul add -6 bitshift 2 index 3 1 roll put}for 4 1 roll pop pop pop }bdf end /currentpacking where{pop false setpacking}if /spots[1 0 0 0 (Process Cyan) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 1 0 0 (Process Magenta) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 1 0 (Process Yellow) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 0 1 (Process Black) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 0 0 (White) false newcmykcustomcolor ]def %%EndSetup [] 0 d 3.863708 M 1 w 0 j 0 J 0 O 0 R 0 i false eomode [0 0 0 1] Ka [0 0 0 1] ka vms u u 332.7381 298.6333 m 334.285 298.2026 336.1382 298.3145 336.1382 298.3145 C 0.2125 w S 337.7668 296.0012 m 337.7668 296.0012 L s 332.3127 296.2264 m 331.0897 295.7117 330.0329 294.7897 329.945 293.1436 C 329.8694 291.727 333.6944 293.1082 332.495 296.1589 C S 332.321 298.9692 m 332.321 298.9692 L 332.3223 298.9722 332.3198 298.9661 332.321 298.9692 C s true eomode 332.237 296.1508 m 332.237 296.1508 L 332.237 296.1508 L 334.0136 296.8985 336.1382 296.8163 336.1382 296.8163 C S false eomode 338.0808 295.3008 m 338.0808 295.3008 L 338.0808 295.3008 L s 332.022 298.4026 m 332.1349 298.5785 332.2392 298.7764 332.3249 298.9783 C 332.4058 299.1701 332.4733 299.3738 332.5256 299.5895 C 333.1781 302.2808 329.8111 303.141 329.8694 302.0333 C 329.9386 300.7171 331.3078 299.5043 332.2069 298.952 C S 332.1006 296.7207 m 331.9029 297.0036 331.5328 297.3571 331.2503 297.5985 C S 331.2503 297.5985 m 331.2224 297.6223 331.1954 297.645 331.1695 297.6665 C S 331.1695 297.6665 m 331.1695 297.6665 331.1695 297.6665 331.1695 297.6665 C S 332.8304 296.3953 m 332.8368 296.382 332.843 296.3686 332.8493 296.3552 C 332.8762 296.2976 332.9024 296.239 332.9276 296.1795 C 332.9326 296.1678 332.9376 296.1559 332.9425 296.1441 C 333.0778 295.8194 333.1888 295.4673 333.2694 295.0867 C 333.8006 292.577 329.4032 291.3231 329.3381 292.4304 C 329.2128 294.5611 330.303 295.8047 331.6723 296.5294 C S true eomode 331.6723 296.5294 m 331.8107 296.6026 331.952 296.6706 332.0951 296.7336 C 332.2399 296.7974 332.3866 296.8561 332.5343 296.9102 C 332.5343 296.9102 L 332.5343 296.9102 L 332.5532 296.9171 332.5721 296.9239 332.591 296.9307 C 334.5099 297.6172 336.5632 297.5304 336.5632 297.5304 C 336.5632 297.5304 334.3709 297.6015 332.5256 298.2083 C S false eomode 331.1695 297.6665 m 331.1695 297.6665 L s 331.6756 297.1458 m 329.4873 295.2871 325.9875 295.5959 325.8318 297.4645 C S 331.1695 297.6665 m 331.1626 297.6723 331.1557 297.6779 331.149 297.6835 C S true eomode 331.149 297.6835 m 331.149 297.6835 L 331.149 297.6835 L 331.149 297.6835 L 329.3717 299.1426 326.63 299.0693 326.4855 297.6205 C 326.6103 296.855 327.515 296.4594 328.5948 296.5049 C S false eomode 328.5948 296.5049 m 329.2568 296.5327 329.9846 296.7264 330.6388 297.1022 C S 330.6388 297.1022 m 330.8597 297.2292 331.1581 297.4016 331.3569 297.5708 C S 331.7013 297.9729 m 331.8165 298.1065 331.924 298.2497 332.022 298.4026 C S 331.8881 298.527 m 330.7194 299.0583 329.1099 300.598 329.2319 302.6708 C 329.297 303.7781 333.7393 302.7225 333.1631 300.0145 C 333.0713 299.5829 332.9414 299.1878 332.7805 298.8278 C 332.6849 298.6139 332.5784 298.4123 332.4624 298.2229 C 332.3408 298.0242 332.241 297.7431 332.1006 297.5708 C S vmrs 325.8318 297.6367 m 325.9985 299.6364 329.9894 300.2602 332.1424 297.4959 C 332.2779 297.3219 332.4061 297.1345 332.5256 296.9332 C 0.2125 w S 426.0263 297.5069 m 425.5635 294.2675 423.4001 292.7602 420.9763 291.9049 C S 420.9059 303.2504 m 423.3581 302.3995 425.5591 300.8946 426.0263 297.6239 C 426.0849 298.1456 426.2264 298.5375 426.4454 299.0131 C 426.8742 299.9438 427.6003 300.7475 428.5854 301.2723 C S 429.2172 300.752 m 427.7267 299.9728 426.6961 298.3362 426.5044 296.6303 C 426.032 293.8904 424.3099 292.4054 422.2392 291.527 C S 428.573 293.856 m 427.6138 292.9673 426.8902 291.864 426.5576 290.4944 C 425.3344 290.8384 423.6987 291.0724 422.066 291.508 C 421.5991 291.6326 421.1323 291.7737 420.6756 291.9386 C 418.2902 292.7997 416.1767 294.3096 415.72 297.5069 C S 435.3614 298.9932 m 433.5105 299.401 431.5914 300.0491 430.0646 301.0776 C 429.7903 301.2624 429.5286 301.4595 429.2823 301.6697 C 428.1877 302.6039 427.396 303.7967 427.1419 305.3197 C 425.5222 304.9244 423.0376 304.7555 420.7461 304.0515 C S 505.6081 298.3145 m 442.017 298.3071 L 442.017 298.3071 439.1917 298.2426 435.9966 298.8618 C S 435.4788 298.1901 m 433.304 298.6303 430.9677 299.4007 429.2038 300.7453 C 428.982 300.9144 428.7693 301.0925 428.5671 301.2802 C 427.6108 302.168 426.8895 303.2696 426.5576 304.6364 C 425.3415 304.2944 423.7177 304.0611 422.0944 303.6303 C S 435.5491 296.8972 m 435.5965 297.1257 435.6212 297.3646 435.6212 297.6132 C 435.6212 297.8626 435.5963 298.1011 435.5486 298.3282 C 435.5035 298.5433 435.4379 298.7481 435.3538 298.942 C 434.7272 300.3856 433.0692 301.2257 431.1263 301.2257 C 430.7572 301.2257 430.4015 301.1762 430.0624 301.0842 C S 435.2865 296.1209 m 435.5318 296.1757 435.7761 296.2264 436.0182 296.2731 C S 426.7701 297.5708 m 427.1336 296.2147 427.9641 295.0453 429.1231 294.4112 C 429.4367 294.2397 429.7744 294.1073 430.1333 294.021 C 430.4485 293.9453 430.7801 293.9051 431.1263 293.9051 C 433.0052 293.9051 434.6177 294.7455 435.2885 296.1295 C 433.4628 295.7211 431.5747 295.0691 430.0693 294.0563 C S 505.6081 296.8163 m 442.017 296.8237 L 442.017 296.8237 439.2368 296.9011 436.0506 296.2864 C 435.5869 294.4325 433.7889 293.1707 431.4451 293.2124 C 430.6468 293.1996 429.9252 293.3216 429.2877 293.5488 C 429.0223 293.6434 428.7715 293.7563 428.5358 293.8852 C 427.4801 294.4628 426.7278 295.3635 426.3278 296.3954 C S 412.4553 301.6623 m 413.5544 302.5975 414.3496 303.7926 414.6044 305.3197 C 416.1324 304.9468 418.4302 304.7753 420.6094 304.1661 C 421.119 304.0236 421.6221 303.8572 422.1073 303.6587 C 424.142 302.8263 425.8629 301.4293 426.4326 298.8652 C S 413.2322 301.33 m 414.1622 302.209 414.8629 303.295 415.1887 304.6364 C 416.3737 304.3032 417.9458 304.0731 419.5272 303.663 C S 405.6968 298.9355 m 406.162 300.7638 407.9591 301.9601 410.3012 301.9184 C 410.9985 301.9296 411.6253 301.8552 412.183 301.7059 C 412.5295 301.6132 412.8494 301.4916 413.1428 301.3436 C 414.198 300.8114 414.911 299.9388 415.295 298.8458 C S 406.4317 299.0289 m 407.0862 300.4193 408.7164 301.2257 410.6199 301.2257 C 410.9444 301.2257 411.2586 301.1875 411.5601 301.1157 C 411.9002 301.0348 412.2244 300.9113 412.5292 300.7519 C 413.7362 300.1209 414.6416 298.9275 415.0441 297.5905 C 415.137 297.9013 415.2058 298.1795 415.2419 298.5004 C 415.7173 301.2584 417.459 302.7448 419.5479 303.6209 C 420.0098 303.5011 420.4519 303.408 420.9059 303.2504 C 418.4162 302.4054 416.1932 300.9363 415.72 297.6239 C 415.6788 297.2571 415.5966 296.8967 415.4753 296.5497 C 415.092 295.4531 414.3178 294.4906 413.2089 293.8844 C S 419.5795 291.4814 m 417.9805 291.0627 416.3867 290.8313 415.1887 290.4944 C 414.8561 291.8639 414.1326 292.9671 413.1735 293.8557 C 412.9509 294.0619 412.7157 294.2566 412.4697 294.4403 C 410.6859 295.7725 408.3371 296.5309 406.1625 296.9616 C S 420.8092 291.0219 m 418.5717 290.3658 416.1792 290.1954 414.6044 289.8111 C 414.341 291.3895 413.5003 292.6133 412.3433 293.562 C 412.0715 293.7848 411.7824 293.9924 411.4792 294.1859 C 410.0716 295.084 408.3609 295.6774 406.6856 296.0692 C S 411.6123 294.0278 m 411.2948 293.9478 410.9632 293.9051 410.6199 293.9051 C 408.7413 293.9051 407.1289 294.7454 406.4579 296.129 C 406.3383 296.3757 406.2486 296.6396 406.1927 296.9192 C 406.1483 297.141 406.1251 297.3726 406.1251 297.6132 C 406.1251 297.8247 406.143 298.0284 406.1775 298.224 C S 412.3288 293.5044 m 411.7237 293.3058 411.0458 293.2004 410.3012 293.2124 C 408.0978 293.1732 406.3958 294.5117 405.8211 296.2902 C 405.7424 296.5338 405.6848 296.7857 405.65 297.0434 C 405.6081 297.3538 405.5992 297.6726 405.6262 297.9958 C S vmrs 405.8312 296.2529 m 402.6027 296.8892 399.7292 296.8237 399.7292 296.8237 C 336.1382 296.8163 L 0.2125 w S 336.1382 298.3145 m 399.7292 298.3071 L 399.7292 298.3071 402.494 298.244 405.6465 298.8421 C 405.8903 298.8883 406.1363 298.9385 406.3836 298.9929 C 408.2247 299.3985 410.1334 300.0417 411.6563 301.0606 C S 415.295 296.2957 m 416.145 293.427 417.1012 292.7895 419.5066 291.5272 C 419.9606 291.3346 420.4315 291.1711 420.9095 291.03 C 423.155 290.3671 425.5607 290.197 427.1419 289.8111 C 427.4092 291.413 428.1363 292.685 429.3201 293.6395 C S 415.0471 297.5503 m 414.9755 297.3107 414.8877 297.0757 414.7849 296.8476 C 414.7841 296.846 414.7834 296.8444 414.7827 296.8428 C 414.771 296.8169 414.7591 296.7912 414.7471 296.7655 C 414.7052 296.6764 414.661 296.5884 414.6145 296.5016 C 414.1421 295.6191 413.4385 294.8686 412.5781 294.4048 C S 429.2084 294.3889 m 429.2084 294.3889 L 430.9721 295.7317 433.3069 296.5011 435.4801 296.9409 C 435.7003 296.9854 435.9189 297.0266 436.135 297.0646 C 439.1525 297.5957 441.6983 297.6144 441.6983 297.6144 C 441.6983 297.6144 439.1988 297.6495 436.1201 298.2083 C S true eomode 405.5083 297.0825 m 402.5361 297.5939 400.048 297.6144 400.048 297.6144 C 400.048 297.6144 402.5477 297.5365 405.5291 298.0518 C 405.7787 298.0949 406.0316 298.1422 406.2867 298.194 C 408.4282 298.6292 410.7241 299.3849 412.4745 300.6941 C S false eomode 436.1201 297.0395 m 436.1524 297.6132 L 436.1696 297.8196 436.172 298.0212 436.1603 298.2173 C 436.1449 298.4748 436.1053 298.7228 436.0432 298.9601 C 435.5681 300.7745 433.7767 301.9599 431.4451 301.9184 C 430.714 301.9301 430.0473 301.8287 429.4505 301.637 C S 509.1295 296.4973 m 507.5826 296.9279 505.7294 296.816 505.7294 296.816 C S 504.1008 299.1294 m 504.1008 299.1294 L s 509.5549 298.9041 m 510.7779 299.4188 511.8347 300.3409 511.9226 301.987 C 511.9982 303.4036 508.1732 302.0223 509.3726 298.9717 C S 509.5466 296.1614 m 509.5466 296.1614 L 509.5453 296.1583 509.5478 296.1644 509.5466 296.1614 C s true eomode 509.6306 298.9798 m 509.6306 298.9798 L 509.6306 298.9798 L 507.854 298.2321 505.7294 298.3143 505.7294 298.3143 C S false eomode 503.7868 299.8298 m 503.7868 299.8298 L 503.7868 299.8298 L s 509.8456 296.7279 m 509.7327 296.552 509.6284 296.3542 509.5427 296.1523 C 509.4619 295.9604 509.3943 295.7568 509.342 295.541 C 508.6895 292.8498 512.0565 291.9896 511.9982 293.0973 C 511.929 294.4135 510.5598 295.6263 509.6607 296.1785 C S 509.767 298.4098 m 509.9647 298.127 510.3348 297.7735 510.6173 297.5321 C S 510.6173 297.5321 m 510.6452 297.5082 510.6722 297.4855 510.6981 297.464 C S 510.6981 297.464 m 510.6981 297.464 510.6981 297.464 510.6981 297.464 C S 509.0372 298.7353 m 509.0308 298.7486 509.0246 298.7619 509.0183 298.7753 C 508.9914 298.833 508.9653 298.8915 508.94 298.951 C 508.935 298.9628 508.93 298.9746 508.9251 298.9865 C 508.7898 299.3112 508.6788 299.6632 508.5982 300.0439 C 508.067 302.5536 512.4644 303.8075 512.5295 302.7001 C 512.6548 300.5695 511.5646 299.3259 510.1953 298.6012 C S true eomode 510.1953 298.6012 m 510.0569 298.5279 509.9156 298.46 509.7725 298.397 C 509.6277 298.3332 509.481 298.2745 509.3333 298.2204 C 509.3333 298.2204 L 509.3333 298.2204 L 509.3144 298.2135 509.2955 298.2066 509.2766 298.1999 C 507.3577 297.5134 505.3044 297.6001 505.3044 297.6001 C 505.3044 297.6001 507.4967 297.5291 509.342 296.9223 C S false eomode 510.6981 297.464 m 510.6981 297.464 L s vmrs 510.192 297.9848 m 512.3803 299.8435 515.8801 299.5346 516.0358 297.666 C 0.2125 w S 510.6981 297.464 m 510.705 297.4583 510.7119 297.4526 510.7186 297.4471 C S true eomode 510.7186 297.4471 m 510.7186 297.4471 L 510.7186 297.4471 L 510.7186 297.4471 L 512.4959 295.9879 515.2377 296.0613 515.3821 297.51 C 515.2573 298.2755 514.3526 298.6711 513.2728 298.6257 C S false eomode 513.2728 298.6257 m 512.6108 298.5978 511.883 298.4042 511.2288 298.0283 C S 511.2288 298.0283 m 511.0079 297.9014 510.7095 297.729 510.5107 297.5598 C S 510.1663 297.1577 m 510.0511 297.024 509.9436 296.8808 509.8456 296.7279 C S 509.9795 296.6035 m 511.1482 296.0723 512.7577 294.5325 512.6357 292.4598 C 512.5706 291.3524 508.1283 292.408 508.7045 295.116 C 508.7963 295.5476 508.9262 295.9427 509.0871 296.3027 C 509.1827 296.5167 509.2893 296.7182 509.4052 296.9077 C 509.5268 297.1064 509.6266 297.3874 509.767 297.5598 C S 516.0358 297.4939 m 515.8691 295.4942 511.8782 294.8704 509.7252 297.6347 C 509.5897 297.8086 509.4615 297.996 509.342 298.1973 C S U U vmr end % FreeHandDict end % FHIODict pse gR gS 0 0 568 818 rC 113 250 :M f195 sf -.034(It is an embarrassment to our discipline that )A 293 250 :M .037 .004(what )J 316 250 :M .694 .069(is )J 327 250 :M .248 .025(widely )J 357 250 :M -.644(regarded )A 392 250 :M .187 .019(among )J 423 250 :M .032(philoso-)A 113 264 :M -.143(phers )A 141 264 :M -.195(as )A 156 264 :M -.5(a )A 167 264 :M -.077(major )A 198 264 :M -.165(theoretical )A 247 264 :M -.064(controversy )A 301 264 :M -.028(should )A 335 264 :M .289 .029(come )J 364 264 :M -.042(down )A 393 264 :M .601 .06(to )J 409 264 :M -.102(whether )A 448 264 :M -.889(or)A 113 278 :M .134 .013(not\311philosophers\325 zombies\311are possible/conceivable. \(Dennett 1995b, p. 325\))J 95 300 :M f147 sf -.074(Zombies of analytic philosophy, )A 252 300 :M -.166(unlike )A 285 300 :M -.22(the )A 303 300 :M (voodoo )S 343 300 :M -.19(victims )A 381 300 :M (of )S 395 300 :M -.188(Haitian )A 433 300 :M (folklore,)S 95 315 :M -.185(are hypothetical )A 173 315 :M -.144(creatures )A 219 315 :M -.206(entirely )A 258 315 :M -.162(bereft )A 289 315 :M (of )S 303 315 :M -.036(conscious )A 354 315 :M -.196(experience )A 408 315 :M .259 .026(who )J 433 315 :M -.14(nonethe-)A 95 330 :M (less )S 117 330 :M f206 sf -.163(behave )A 154 330 :M f147 sf -.098(indistinguishably )A 239 330 :M -.08(from )A 266 330 :M -.22(the )A 284 330 :M -.08(rest )A 305 330 :M (of )S 319 330 :M 1.025 .103(us. )J 338 330 :M (Philosophers\325 )S 408 330 :M -.141(zombies )A 451 330 :M -.108(walk)A 95 345 :M -.109(and )A 116 345 :M -.249(talk )A 137 345 :M (as )S 151 345 :M -.164(if )A 162 345 :M -.139(they\325re )A 199 345 :M .34 .034(conscious, )J 254 345 :M -.165(they )A 278 345 :M -.162(appear )A 314 345 :M -.167(to )A 328 345 :M -.079(wake )A 358 345 :M (up )S 375 345 :M -.167(in )A 389 345 :M -.22(the )A 408 345 :M .188 .019(morning, )J 457 345 :M -.163(and)A 95 360 :M -.119(over breakfast they even speculate on the meaning of )A 348 360 :M -.108(dreams )A 386 360 :M -.165(they )A 410 360 :M -.331(claim )A 439 360 :M -.167(to )A 452 360 :M -.217(have)A 95 375 :M .481 .048(had. )J 120 375 :M -.164(They )A 148 375 :M -.065(don\325t )A 177 375 :M f206 sf -.379(realise )A 212 375 :M f147 sf -.139(they\325re )A 250 375 :M (zombies, )S 298 375 :M (of )S 313 375 :M -.035(course\321no )A 373 375 :M -.188(feeling )A 410 375 :M (of )S 425 375 :M -.231(peculiarity)A 95 390 :M -.082(spoils the pristine emptiness of )A 245 390 :M -.197(their )A 270 390 :M -.106(barren )A 304 390 :M -.165(phenomenological )A 394 390 :M -.1(landscapes\321and)A 95 405 :M -.091(an enterprising philosopher engaging )A 274 405 :M -.109(one )A 295 405 :M -.167(in )A 308 405 :M -.109(conversation )A 372 405 :M -.132(about )A 402 405 :M -.22(the )A 420 405 :M -.199(topic )A 447 405 :M -.25(might)A 95 420 :M -.128(well hear all manner of insightful commentary about what the notion )A 421 420 :M (of )S 435 420 :M -.165(zombies)A 95 435 :M -.051(reveals about philosophy of mind.)A 113 450 :M -.331(Daniel )A 148 450 :M -.283(Dennett )A 189 450 :M .243 .024(says )J 215 450 :M -.141(zombies )A 259 450 :M -.065(don\325t )A 289 450 :M .212 .021(exist. )J 320 450 :M -.167(Most )A 349 450 :M (people, )S 389 450 :M (no )S 407 450 :M .416 .042(doubt, )J 444 450 :M (would)S 95 465 :M (agree. )S 129 465 :M -.113(But )A 151 465 :M -.163(more )A 180 465 :M -.082(importantly, )A 243 465 :M -.163(he )A 259 465 :M .188 .019(suggests )J 305 465 :M -.165(they )A 330 465 :M -.215(are )A 349 465 :M -.221(logically )A 394 465 :M -.121(impossible: )A 453 465 :M -.109(mis-)A 95 480 :M -.11(guided )A 131 480 :M -.027(philosophers )A 196 480 :M .259 .026(who )J 221 480 :M -.331(claim )A 250 480 :M -.165(they )A 274 480 :M -.215(are )A 292 480 :M -.209(conceivable )A 351 480 :M -.219(merely )A 387 480 :M -.247(fail )A 406 480 :M -.167(to )A 419 480 :M -.236(imagine )A 460 480 :M -.33(the)A 95 495 :M f206 sf -.052(full )A f147 sf -.066(repertoire of zombie behaviours. All too often, philosophers )A 402 495 :M -.163(define )A 435 495 :M -.165(zombies)A 95 510 :M (as )S 109 510 :M -.13(above )A 141 510 :M -.109(and )A 162 510 :M -.165(then )A 186 510 :M -.139(proceed )A 227 510 :M -.167(to )A 240 510 :M -.129(argue )A 270 510 :M (for )S 288 510 :M -.082(some )A 317 510 :M -.149(behavioural )A 377 510 :M -.247(clue )A 401 510 :M (or )S 416 510 :M -.131(other )A 445 510 :M -.081(which)A 95 525 :M -.063(would give them away. But of course there )A 303 525 :M -.196(can\325t )A 330 525 :M -.163(be )A 345 525 :M -.109(any )A 366 525 :M (such )S 392 525 :M (clue. )S 419 525 :M -.246(\322The )A 446 525 :M -.132(philo-)A 95 540 :M -.123(sophical )A 138 540 :M -.184(tradition )A 182 540 :M (of )S 197 540 :M -.141(zombies )A 241 540 :M (would )S 276 540 :M -.22(die )A 295 540 :M -.028(overnight\323, )A 354 540 :M -.283(Dennett )A 395 540 :M .243 .024(says )J 421 540 :M .592 .059(\(1995b, )J 464 540 :M 1(p.)A 95 555 :M -.103(325; Dennett 1995a is similar\), \322if philosophers ceased to mis-imagine )A 431 555 :M -.053(them\323. )A 467 555 :M -.327(It)A 95 570 :M (is )S 110 570 :M -.047(unusual )A 154 570 :M -.249(that )A 179 570 :M (I )S 191 570 :M -.122(disagree )A 238 570 :M -.152(significantly )A 304 570 :M -.083(with )A 333 570 :M -.123(Dennett, )A 381 570 :M -.197(especially )A 435 570 :M -.167(in )A 452 570 :M -.165(print)A 95 585 :M -.131(\(Mulhauser )A 153 585 :M .401 .04(1997a\). )J 194 585 :M -.113(But )A 215 585 :M (I )S 223 585 :M -.134(think )A 251 585 :M (his )S 269 585 :M -.12(pessimistic )A 325 585 :M .178 .018(prognosis )J 376 585 :M -.196(can\325t )A 404 585 :M -.163(be )A 420 585 :M -.199(quite )A 448 585 :M .068(right.)A 95 600 :M -.183(Dennett\325s )A 144 600 :M -.219(challenge )A 192 600 :M (offers )S 224 600 :M -.326(a )A 233 600 :M -.209(tailor-made )A 291 600 :M -.044(warm-up )A 339 600 :M -.162(exercise )A 382 600 :M (for )S 401 600 :M -.22(the )A 420 600 :M -.08(rest )A 442 600 :M (of )S 457 600 :M -.112(this)A 95 615 :M -.084(book:)A 113 636 :M f250 sf .515 .052(Show )J 140 636 :M .602 .06(me, )J 159 636 :M (please, )S 190 636 :M .216 .022(why )J 211 636 :M .218 .022(the )J 227 636 :M .041 .004(zombie )J 260 636 :M .363 .036(hypothesis )J 307 636 :M -.24(deserves )A 343 636 :M .601 .06(to )J 355 636 :M .051 .005(be )J 368 636 :M -.031(taken )A 393 636 :M .449 .045(seriously, )J 436 636 :M -.313(and )A 453 636 :M (I)S 113 650 :M .676 .068(will )J 133 650 :M -.041(apologize )A 175 650 :M -.082(handsomely )A 226 650 :M -.052(for )A 241 650 :M .177 .018(having )J 272 650 :M -.227(ridiculed )A 309 650 :M .263 .026(those )J 334 650 :M .216 .022(who )J 355 650 :M .629 .063(think )J 380 650 :M .47 .047(so\311 )J 404 650 :M -.078(If )A 415 650 :M .218 .022(the )J 432 650 :M .023(philo-)A 113 664 :M -.013(sophical concept of )A 194 664 :M .104 .01(zombies )J 231 664 :M .694 .069(is )J 242 664 :M .509 .051(so )J 255 664 :M .56 .056(important, )J 301 664 :M .509 .051(so )J 314 664 :M .333 .033(useful, )J 345 664 :M .281 .028(some )J 370 664 :M .137 .014(philosopher )J 421 664 :M .481 .048(ought )J 448 664 :M .222(to)A 113 678 :M .222 .022(be able to say why in )J 203 678 :M -.059(non-question )A 258 678 :M .167 .017(begging )J 294 678 :M .493 .049(terms. )J 323 678 :M .206 .021(I\325ll )J 339 678 :M .051 .005(be )J 352 678 :M .039 .004(curious )J 385 678 :M .601 .06(to )J 397 678 :M -.089(see )A 413 678 :M .328 .033(if )J 423 678 :M -.24(anybody)A 113 692 :M .074 .007(can mount such a defence, but I won\325t be holding my breath. \(Dennett 1995b, p. 326\))J endp %%Trailer end %%EOF